Relevant bibliographies by topics / Total bacterial

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Academic literature on the topic 'Total bacterial'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Total bacterial"

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Cempírková, R. "Psychrotrophic vs. total bacterial counts in bulk milk samples." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 8 (March 30, 2012): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5829-vetmed.

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The objective of the study was to determine psychrotrophic bacteria counts (PBC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in bulk milk samples collected during a longer period (1999 to 2000). Two sets of samples were analysed. Set 1, including samples collected in three herds, was analysed by the Central Laboratory at České Budějovice. TBC was determined using the apparatus Bactoscan, and PBC by culture according to IDF standards. Relative index pi expressing the PBC/TBC ratio was calculated for each sample. The value of pi for Set 1 was 0.09, ranging in herds included in this set from 0.05 to 0.20. The correlation between PBC and TBC was highly significant (r = 0.69; P < 0.01). Correlation coefficients for the individual herds ranged from 0.32 to 0.81. The correlation was highly significant (P < 0.01) in two herds, and significant (P < 0.05) in one herd. Microbiological milk quality is markedly influenced by housing and milking technologies. Another objective of this study was therefore to compare the microbiological quality of milk produced by cows housed in loose boxes and milked in parlours with that produced by cows housed in stanchion barns and milked with pipeline milking machines (Set 2). Bulk milk samples were collected and transported by standard methods and TBC and PBC were determined by culture on GTK agar supplemented with dried inhibitor-free milk according to the IDF standards. The results have confirmed favourable effects of milking in parlours on milk quality expressed in terms of counts of both technologically relevant groups of bacteria. The difference in TBC and PBC between the two milking technologies was significant (P < 0.05). Relative index for the milk obtained in milking parlours was pi= 0.18 and that for the milk from pipeline milking machines pi = 0.23. Correlation coefficients for PBC and TBC were almost identical (r = 0.92; r = 0.93; both P < 0.01).
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Susanti, S., B. E. Setiani, H. Rizqiati, D. R. Febriandi, V. P. Bintoro, and B. E. Setiani. "Inhibitory Activity of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale) Extract Marinade on The Meat Total Bacteria." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.11.

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Microbial activities cause physical and functional alteration, which can decrease the quality and shelf life of meat. Inhibiting the bacterial growth becomes a crucial effort to prevent spoilage of meat. Previous studies reported that human pathogen bacterias could be inhibited by using cashew apple juice. It was interested to explore the utilization of cashew apple as marinade solution to suppress the meat bacteria. Current study was aimed to get more insight the effectiveness of cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) as growth inhibitor for spoilage bacteria on beefs and chickens. Results indicated that inhibition zone of 20% CAM were significant higher than 0% CAM on the medium of E. coli, and S. aureus. The pretty high polyphenols content in CAM was considered as an active compound responsible for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, total bacterial count assay showed that 10 to 30% CAM significantly reduced the beef total bacteria in comparison to 0% while 15 % CAM significantly decreased the chicken total bacteria. It was suggested the range of effective level of CAM to reduce the meats bacteria is 10 to 30%. Thus, cashew apple can be a promising natural food preservative in the future, especially for extending the shelf life of meat.
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Kawasaki, Nobuyuki, Kazuhiro Komatsu, Ayato Kohzu, Noriko Tomioka, Ryuichiro Shinohara, Takayuki Satou, Fumiko Nara Watanabe, et al. "Bacterial Contribution to Dissolved Organic Matter in Eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura, Japan." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 23 (September 13, 2013): 7160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01504-13.

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ABSTRACTIncubation experiments using filtered waters from Lake Kasumigaura were conducted to examine bacterial contribution to a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. Bacterial abundance, bacterial production, concentrations of DOC, total dissolved amino acids (TDAA), and total dissolved neutral sugars (TDNS) were monitored during the experiments. Bacterial production during the first few days was very high (20 to 35 μg C liter−1day−1), accounting for 40 to 70% of primary production. The total bacterial production accounted for 34 to 55% of the DOC loss during the experiment, indicating high bacterial activities in Lake Kasumigaura. The DOC degradation was only 12 to 15%, whereas the degradation of TDAA and TDNS ranged from 30 to 50%, suggesting the preferential usage of TDAA and TDNS. The contribution of bacterially derived carbon to a DOC pool in Lake Kasumigaura was estimated usingd-amino acids as bacterial biomarkers and accounted for 30 to 50% of the lake DOC. These values were much higher than those estimated for the open ocean (20 to 30%). The ratio of bacterially derived carbon to bulk carbon increased slightly with time, suggesting that the bacterially derived carbon is more resistant to microbial degradation than bulk carbon. This is the first study to estimate the bacterial contribution to a DOC pool in freshwater environments. These results indicate that bacteria play even more important roles in carbon cycles in freshwater environments than in open oceans and also suggests that recent increases in recalcitrant DOC in various lakes could be attributed to bacterially derived carbon. The potential differences in bacterial contributions to dissolved organic matter (DOM) between freshwater and marine environments are discussed.
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Ratrinia, Putri Wening, Nirmala Efri Hasibuan, Aulia Azka, Sumartini Sumartini, Apri Mujiyanti, Kurnia Sada Harahap, and Muh Suryono. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA SERASAH DAUN MANGROVE YANG TERDEKOMPOSISI DI BANDAR BAKAU KOTA DUMAI." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 7, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v7i2.2349.

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Bacteria has an important role in decomposition and productivity activities in mangrove ecosystem. The study about identification of decomposing mangrove litter bacteria in Dumai has never been done. The aim of this study is to determine Total Plate Count and identify the dominant bacterial species from decomposing Rizhopora sp, Xylocarpus sp, dan Avicennia sp litter in Dumai. The method used in this research was survey method, bacterial isolation was done by pour plate method which is used in total calculation of bacteria was Total Plate Count (TPC), and identify the dominant bacterial in mangrove litter. The total bacteria which gained on Avicennia sp leaf litter are 0,64 x 105 Cfu/ml. On the other hand, the total bacteria from Rhizopora sp leaf litter has a lower number of colonies that is 0,55 x 105± 0,01 Cfu/ml. The bacterial identification test was carried out by gram staining method and morphological observation by microscopy. The dominant bacterial species in three mangrove species (Rizhopora sp, Xylocarpus sp, dan Avicennia sp) are Micrococcus sp dan Aerococcus sp. Keywords : Total Plate Count, Micrococcus sp, Aerococcus sp, Organic Matterial
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Gasol, Josep M., Ulla Li Zweifel, Francesc Peters, Jed A. Fuhrman, and Åke Hagström. "Significance of Size and Nucleic Acid Content Heterogeneity as Measured by Flow Cytometry in Natural Planktonic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4475-4483.1999.

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ABSTRACT Total bacterial abundances estimated with different epifluorescence microscopy methods (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], SYBR Green, and Live/Dead) and with flow cytometry (Syto13) showed good correspondence throughout two microcosm experiments with coastal Mediterranean water. In the Syto13-stained samples we could differentiate bacteria with apparent high DNA (HDNA) content and bacteria with apparent low DNA (LDNA) content. HDNA bacteria, “live” bacteria (determined as such with the Molecular Probes Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit), and nucleoid-containing bacteria (NuCC) comprised similar fractions of the total bacterial community. Similarly, LDNA bacteria and “dead” bacteria (determined with the kit) comprised a similar fraction of the total bacterial community in one of the experiments. The rates of change of each type of bacteria during the microcosm experiments were also positively correlated between methods. In various experiments where predator pressure on bacteria had been reduced, we detected growth of the HDNA bacteria without concomitant growth of the LDNA bacteria, such that the percentage contribution of HDNA bacteria to total bacterial numbers (%HDNA) increased. This indicates that the HDNA bacteria are the dynamic members of the bacterial assemblage. Given how quickly and easily the numbers of HDNA and LDNA bacteria can be obtained, and given the similarity to the numbers of “live” cells and NuCC, the %HDNA is suggested as a reference value for the percentage of actively growing bacteria in marine planktonic environments.
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Luna, G. M., E. Manini, and R. Danovaro. "Large Fraction of Dead and Inactive Bacteria in Coastal Marine Sediments: Comparison of Protocols for Determination and Ecological Significance." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 7 (July 2002): 3509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.7.3509-3513.2002.

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ABSTRACT It is now universally recognized that only a portion of aquatic bacteria is actively growing, but quantitative information on the fraction of living versus dormant or dead bacteria in marine sediments is completely lacking. We compared different protocols for the determination of the dead, dormant, and active bacterial fractions in two different marine sediments and at different depths into the sediment core. Bacterial counts ranged between (1.5 ± 0.2) × 108 cells g−1 and (53.1 ± 16.0) × 108 cells g−1 in sandy and muddy sediments, respectively. Bacteria displaying intact membrane (live bacterial cells) accounted for 26 to 30% of total bacterial counts, while dead cells represented the most abundant fraction (70 to 74%). Among living bacterial cells, nucleoid-containing cells represented only 4% of total bacterial counts, indicating that only a very limited fraction of bacterial assemblage was actively growing. Nucleoid-containing cells increased with increasing sediment organic content. The number of bacteria responsive to antibiotic treatment (direct viable count; range, 0.3 to 4.8% of the total bacterial number) was significantly lower than nucleoid-containing cell counts. An experiment of nutrient enrichment to stimulate a response of the dormant bacterial fraction determined a significant increase of nucleoid-containing cells. After nutrient enrichment, a large fraction of dormant bacteria (6 to 11% of the total bacterial number) was “reactivated.” Bacterial turnover rates estimated ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 day−1 but were 50 to 80 times higher when only the fraction of active bacteria was considered (on average 3.2 day−1). Our results suggest that the fraction of active bacteria in marine sediments is controlled by nutrient supply and availability and that their turnover rates are at least 1 order of magnitude higher than previously reported.
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Oliveira, João Tiago Correia, Everthon Fernandes Figueredo, Williane Patrícia da Silva Diniz, Lucianne Ferreira Paes de Oliveira, Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade, Fernando Dini Andreote, Júlia Kuklinsky-Sobral, Danúbia Ramos de Lima, and Fernando José Freire. "Diazotrophic Bacterial Community of Degraded Pastures." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2561428.

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Pasture degradation can cause changes in diazotrophic bacterial communities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the culturable and total diazotrophic bacterial community, associated with regions of the rhizosphere and roots ofBrachiaria decumbensStapf. pastures in different stages of degradation. Samples of roots and rhizospheric soil were collected from slightly, partially, and highly degraded pastures. McCrady’s table was used to obtain the Most Probable Number (MPN) of bacteria per gram of sample, in order to determine population density and calculate the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The diversity of total diazotrophic bacterial community was determined by the technique of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of thenifH gene, while the diversity of the culturable diazotrophic bacteria was determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (BOX-PCR) technique. The increase in the degradation stage of theB. decumbensStapf. pasture did not reduce the population density of the cultivated diazotrophic bacterial community, suggesting that the degradation at any degree of severity was highly harmful to the bacteria. The structure of the total diazotrophic bacterial community associated withB. decumbensStapf. was altered by the pasture degradation stage, suggesting a high adaptive capacity of the bacteria to altered environments.
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Yuspita, Ni Luh Eta, I. Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra, and Yulianto Suteja. "Bahan Organik Total dan Kelimpahan Bakteri di Perairan Teluk Benoa, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i01.129-140.

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Benoa Bay is semi-enclosed waters that have various activities. The existence of these activities will contribute to organic matter in the waters so that the effect on the presence of bacteria. This study aims to determine the total concentration of total organic matter (TOM) and bacterial abundance as well as its spatial and temporal distribution, and to determine the relationship of TOM concentration to bacterial abundance in the waters of Benoa Bay. Data collection is conducted on the surface of the waters in December 2016 to February 2017 when ebb conditions at 5 Benoa Bay water stations. Measurement of organic matter using permanganate test in titimetry based on standard methods SNI 06-6989.22-2004. Measurement of bacterial abundance using Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The TOM concentrations ranged from 63.20 to 65.10 mg/l and bacterial abundances ranged from 30 to 300 CFU/ml. Spatial distribution of TOM concentration and bacterial abundance tends to be higher close to Suwung Landfills (TPA) activity, floating net cage cultivation (KJA) activity in Serangan waters, and Buaji river estuary and tend to be lower approaching Benoa harbor activity and waters further from those activities. The concentration of TOM and bacterial abundance in December 2016 to February 2017 have fluctuating values. Based on the interpretation of the correlation coefficient, the level of relationship between BOT concentration and bacterial abundance in the waters of Benoa Bay is quite strong.
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Mével, G., M. Vernet, M. Goutx, and J. F. Ghiglione. "Seasonal to hour variation scales in abundance and production of total and particle-attached bacteria in the open NW Mediterranean Sea (0–1000 m)." Biogeosciences 5, no. 6 (November 20, 2008): 1573–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1573-2008.

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Abstract. We present the vertical and temporal dynamics of total vs. particle-attached bacterial abundance and activity over a 5 week period under summer to autumn transition in NW Mediterranean Sea. At a weekly time scale, total bacterial biomass and production in the euphotic layers was significantly correlated with phytoplanktonic biomass. At an hourly time scale, total bacterial biomass responded very rapidly to chlorophyll a fluctuations, suggesting a tight coupling between phytoplankton and bacteria for resource partitioning during the summer-autumn transition. In contrast, no influence of diel changes on bacterial parameters was detected. Episodic events such as coastal water intrusions had a significant positive effect on total bacterial abundance and production, whereas we could not detect any influence of short wind events whatever the magnitude. Finally, we show that particle-attached bacteria can represent a large proportion (up to 49%) of the total bacterial activity in the euphotic layer but display rapid and sporadic changes at hourly time scales. In the mesopelagic layers, bacterial abundance and production linearly decreased with depth, except some production peaks at 400–750 m. This study underlines the value of large datasets covering different temporal scales to clarify the biogeochemical role of bacteria in the cycling of organic matter in open seawater.
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Mével, G., M. Vernet, and J. F. Ghiglione. "Short-term temporal variations of heterotrophic bacterial abundance and production in the open NW Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 8, 2008): 1899–932. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-1899-2008.

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Abstract. We present the vertical and temporal dynamics of total vs. particle-attached bacterial abundance and activity over a 5 week period under summer to autumn transition in NW Mediterranean Sea. By comparison to previous investigations in the same area but during different seasons, we found that total bacterial biomass and production values were consistent with the hydrological conditions of the summer-fall transition. At a weekly time scale, total bacterial biomass and production in the euphotic layers was significantly correlated with phytoplanktonic biomass. At an hourly time scale, total bacterial biomass responded very rapidly to chlorophyll-a fluctuations, suggesting a tight coupling between phytoplankton and bacteria for resource partitioning during summer-autumn transition. In contrast, no influence of diel changes on bacterial parameters was detected. Episodic events such as coastal water intrusions had a significant positive effect on total bacterial abundance and production, whereas we could not detect any influence of short wind events whatever the magnitude. Finally, we show that particle-attached bacteria can represent a large proportion (until 49%) of the total bacterial activity in the euphotic layer but display rapid and sporadic changes at hourly time scales. This study underlines the value of large datasets covering different temporal scales to clarify the biogeochemical role of bacteria in the cycling of organic matter in open seawater.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Total bacterial"

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Nagalingam, Anil. "Towards the total synthesis of bacterial immunity proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427784.

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Caselani, Kelly [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos controles microbiológicos e do programa de redução de patógenos no abate de bovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94629.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caselani_k_me_jabo.pdf: 1897501 bytes, checksum: 58d7092f2bddb55a69e072e202d99cf8 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Este trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar o resultado dos controles ambientais e operacionais, rotineiros e derivados do plano APPCC – Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle, aplicados ao abate de bovinos, e da pesquisa de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica e Listeria monocytogenes). Com duração de um ano, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em abatedouro-frigorífico habilitado à exportação localizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisadas 411 amostras ambientais para pesquisa de Listeria spp., 1.192 amostras de superfície de contato para a Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT), 200, 100, 775, 264 e 100 amostras de superfície de carcaça para CBT, Coliformes totais, E. coli, Salmonella spp. e E. coli O157:H7, respectivamente, além de 256 amostras de recortes cárneos para a pesquisa de E. coli O157:H7. Os resultados evidenciaram condição higiênica aceitável para 51,1% das amostras ambientais de CBT, com 62,9% de amostras não aceitáveis no setor de abate. Um valor elevado de amostras (15,1%) foi positivo para Listeria spp. e para Listeria monocytogenes (4,6%). Observou-se que 89,6%, 2,8% e 7,6% das amostras de carcaça foram satisfatórias, aceitáveis e insatisfatórias para E. coli, respectivamente. Para a amostragem comparativa, 88,5% das amostras apresentaram-se satisfatórias para CBT, 84% para Coliformes Totais e 83,6% para E. coli. Nenhuma das amostras de carcaça analisadas foi positiva para Salmonella spp. ou para E. coli O157:H7. A frequência da ocorrência de E. coli O157:H7 em amostras de recortes cárneos (carne industrial) foi de 0,31%, com apenas uma amostra positiva
This study aimed to evaluate the result of the environmental and operational controls which are routine or derived from HACCP Plan - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, applied to slaughter cattle, and potentially pathogenic microorganisms research (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes). During one year, the research was developed in a slaughterhouse, enabled to export, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed 411 environmental samples for Listeria spp. research, 1.192 samples of surface contact for Total Bacterial Count (TBC), 200, 100, 775, 264 and 100 samples of carcass surface for TBC, Total Coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7, respectively, besides 256 samples of meat cuts for E. coli O157:H7 research. The results showed that 51,1% of the environmental samples of TBC were in acceptable hygienic condition and 62,9% of samples were not acceptable in the slaughter industry. A high value of samples (15,1%) was positive for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes (4,6%). It was observed that 89,6%, 2,8% and 7,6% of the samples of carcass were satisfactory, acceptable and unsatisfactory for E. coli, respectively. For comparative sampling, 88,5% of the samples were satisfactory for TBC, 84% for Total Coliform and 83, 6% for E. coli. None of the samples of carcass tested was positive for Salmonella spp. or E. coli O157:H7. The frequency of the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in samples of meat cuts (meat industry) was 0,31%, with only one positive sample
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Wentz, Andréia Garcia. "Diferentes métodos e tempos de conservação de amostras de leite cru para determinação da composição físico-química e qualidade microbiológica." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1583.

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The present study aimed to compare three methods of conservation (no added preservative, azidiol and bronopol), conservation of raw milk for total bacteria count analysis (TBC) for the standard counting method plating, chemical composition (fat, protein, lactose, total solids and fat solids), pH and freezing of milk. The research also aimed to study the influence of the storage period (days), temperature (cooled and uncooled) and the initial microbiological quality of raw milk samples. It was used a randomized block design with factorial arrangement of 3 (methods) x 2 (temperature) x 5 (times). The TBC was influenced by the preservative, since after seven days of storage the sample without preservative had greater TBC. In the unrefrigerated samples with bronopol there was a gradual reduction of TBC. It was observed that the samples preserved with azidiol, regardless of storage temperature, TBC reduced over time. The temperature affected the fat content (P <0.001). The protein, lactose, solids and milk medium density were influenced by the type of preservative and storage days (P <0.001). The pH was influenced by the type of preservative and the storage days (P <0.001). For TBC analysis, the use of azidiol, independent of refrigeration or storage, is the most appropriate method to maintain the original characteristics of the product. From the first day of storage of the samples, there was an increase of the average levels of protein, lactose and degreased solids in relation to the quantified on the collection day. On the other hand, the TBC was changed isolated by the initial TBC, storage temperature and storage days (P <0.001). There was an increase of TBC according to the days of storage, since until the first day of storage values increased already from the second day of storage TBC started to reduce. In fat content, there was only initial TBC effect and storage temperature (P <0.001). In the protein percentage there was the effect of days of storage, the protein increased until the first day of storage, where it stabilized until 7 days of storage. Lactose was amended by initial TBC and the storage days (P <0.001), lactose increased until the first day of storage, which stabilized until the seventh day. The total solids (TS) content was amended by initial TBC, temperature and storage days (P <0.001), samples with high TBC showed higher initial TS levels. The SD content was changed only by the initial TBC and the storage days (P <0.001). The pH was amended by initial TBC, temperature and days of storage. For TBC analysis, using azidiol preservative is dependent on the use of refrigeration during storage to maintain more stable microbiological characteristics over seven days of storage. For analysis of physical and chemical composition, from the first day of sample storage, there was an increase of protein, lactose and fat solids of milk, compared to levels observed when quantified in the same day of collection of milk
O presente estudo foi realizado objetivando comparar três métodos de conservação (sem adição de conservante, azidiol e bronopol), na conservação de leite cru destinado a análise de contagem bactéria total (CBT) pelo método de contagem padrão em placas, composição centesimal (gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e sólidos desengordurados), pH e do ponto de congelamento do leite. O trabalho também objetivou estudar a influência do período de armazenamento (dias), temperatura (refrigerado e não refrigerado) e a qualidade microbiológica inicial de amostras de leite cru. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial de 3 (métodos) x 2 (temperaturas) x 5 (tempos). A CBT foi influenciada pelo conservante, pois aos sete dias de armazenamento a amostra sem conservante apresentou maior CBT. Nas amostras com bronopol sem refrigeração houve redução gradual de CBT. Observou-se que as amostras conservadas com azidiol, independente da temperatura de armazenagem, reduziram a CBT ao longo do tempo. A temperatura influenciou o teor de gordura (P<0,001. Os teores de proteína, lactose, sólidos desengordurados e densidade média do leite foram influenciados pelo tipo de conservante e dias de armazenamento (P<0,001). O pH foi influenciado pelo tipo de conservante e pelos dias de armazenamento (P<0,001). Para análises de CBT, o uso de azidiol, independente de refrigeração ou armazenagem, é o método mais adequado para manter as características originais do produto. A partir do primeiro dia de armazenamento das amostras ocorre aumento dos teores médios de proteína, lactose e sólidos desengordurados em relação aos quantificados no dia da coleta. Por outro lado, a CBT foi alterada de forma isolada pela CBT inicial, temperatura de armazenamento e dias de armazenagem (P<0,001). Houve aumento da CBT de acordo com os dias de armazenamento, uma vez que até o primeiro dia de armazenamento os valores aumentaram, já a partir do segundo dia de armazenamento a CBT começou a reduzir. Nos teores de gordura, houve apenas efeito de CBT inicial e temperatura de armazenamento (P<0,001). Nos percentuais de proteína houve efeito de dias de armazenamento, a proteína aumentou até o primeiro dia de armazenamento, onde estabilizou até 7 dias de armazenamento. Lactose foi alterada pela CBT inicial e pelos dias de armazenamento (P<0,001), teor de lactose aumentou até o primeiro dia de armazenamento, onde estabilizou até o sétimo dia. O teor de ST foi alterado pela CBT inicial, temperatura e dias de armazenamento (P<0,001), amostras com alta CBT inicial apresentaram maiores teores de ST. O teor de SD foi alterado apenas pela CBT inicial e pelos dias de armazenamento (P<0,001). O pH foi alterado pela CBT inicial, temperatura e dias de armazenamento. Para análise de CBT, o uso de azidiol como conservante é dependente do uso de refrigeração durante a armazenagem para manter as características microbiológicas mais estáveis ao longo de sete dias de armazenamento. Para análises de composição físico-química, a partir do primeiro dia de armazenamento das amostras, ocorreu aumento dos teores de proteína, lactose e sólidos desengordurados do leite, em relação aos teores observados quando quantificados no mesmo dia da coleta do leite
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Ghannad, Farzan. "Comparison of treatment protocols to reduce the total bacterial load in the implant screw hole." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44830.

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Objective: A prospective multi-centre clinical trial was conducted to assess the biofilm inhibitory potential of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in the internal cavity of implant screw holes, when utilized at the time of surgical implant placement. Methods: The study included a total of 40 Straumann (S) and Nobel Biocare (N) implants, divided into test (ST or NT) and control (SC or NC) based on the implant system. The implants were placed by two periodontists (private practice) as well as by senior Graduate Periodontics residents at the University of British Columbia. Total colony forming units (CFUs/ml) were assessed 3 months post surgery by means of aerobic and anaerobic culturing and Gram staining was conducted on 15 of the samples. Univariate Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze differences between groups (p <0.001). Gender distribution and sample collection times were compared by means of Fisher’s exact test and Student t-test respectively. Results: The mean sample collection time was 110 days for the test population and 98 days for the controls (p > 0.05). No statistical differences in term of CFUs/ml were evident when comparing aerobic and anaerobic culturing methods (p > 0.05). The use of 1% CHX gel significantly reduced biofilm formation in both the ST and NT samples when compared with controls (SC and NC) (p < 0.001). Differences between ST and NT did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Overall, 13 implants from the test population demonstrated CFUs/ml below a threshold of 1000 compared to only 1 implant from the control population. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of mainly Gram-positive coccoid species in 14/15 samples; one sample consisted mainly of rod shaped bacteria. Conclusion: The application of 1% CHX gel in the internal implant cavity at the time of initial implant surgery greatly reduces the biofilm formation over a 3-month period.
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Orr, Caroline. "Diversity and activity of free-living diazotrophic and total bacterial communities in organic and conventionally managed soil." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1328/.

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Agricultural soils are heterogeneous environments in which conditions affecting microbial growth and diversity fluctuate widely in space and time. In this study, the molecular ecology of the total bacterial and free-living nitrogen fixing communities in soils from the Nafferton factorial systems comparison (NFSC) study in North East England were examined. The field experiment is factorial in design with organic versus conventional crop rotation, crop protection and fertility management factors. Soils were sampled on three dates (March, June and September) in 2007. Total RNA was extracted from all soil samples and reverse transcribed. DGGE and qPCR were used to analyse nifH and 16S rRNA genes in order to study free-living diazotrophs and the total bacterial community respectively. Crop rotation was shown to have a significant effect on total bacterial diversity (and that of free-living N fixers) (P=<0.001). On all three dates nifH activity was higher in the conventional crop rotation. In contrast, qPCR analysis of free-living N fixers indicated significantly higher levels of activity in conventionally fertilised plots in June (P=0.0324) and in plots with organic crop protection in September (P=0.0143). To our knowledge the effects of organic and conventional farming systems on free-living diazotrophs have never been studied. An increased understanding of the impacts of management practices on free-living N fixers could allow modifications in soil management practices to optimize the activity of these organisms.
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Terrazas, Onofre Maria Liliana, and Onofre Maria Liliana Terrazas. "Reduction of Bacterial and Viral Indicators in Laundry Graywater by Solar Disinfection." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621781.

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Current competitive status among potable and non-potable use makes the water reuse mandatory. Presently, water reuse is common only for reclaimed water coming from municipal or industrial water treatment plants. In those facilities, the treatment includes disinfection. The disinfection methods widely used are chlorination and Ultra Violet (UV) lamps adapted to the conditions of large volume of municipal and industrial systems. This study proposes a disinfection method adequate to the household level to reuse graywater. The method is called solar disinfection (SODIS), which allows the reuse of graywater even though it contains fecal contamination. In this research, natural sun radiation as a free source of heat and UV radiation was utilized. In a first stage, periods of sun exposure, graywater depth, and cell covers as external factors were studied. In later stages, the graywater temperature (GWT) and the UV radiation effects on the reduction of the microbial indicators were observed. Results showed that graywater depth of five cm had a statistical significant reduction rather than ten cm depth (p = 0.0035). Plexiglas and poly-vinyl chloride (PVC), as transparent covers, had a statistical significant reduction (p<0.00001) due to the greenhouse effect increasing the GWT. The black cover had the lowest GWT and reduction of the bacterial and viral indicators. This research found different behavior between bacteria and virus reduction by graywater solar disinfection. In order to reduce the concentration of total coliforms, Escheriquia coli (E. coli) and enterococcus to non-detectable levels (<1.0 most probable number, MPN 100 ml⁻¹), a combination of GWT >45 °C, and UV radiation >24 W m⁻² was required. In contrast, coliphage MS-2, as viral indicator, was resistant to different UV radiation magnitudes (up to 50 W m⁻²), but with a GWT >55 °C non-detectable levels (<1.0 plaques forming units, PFU) were reached.
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Donze, Jennifer Lauren. "Factors affecting total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial counts at 30 lakes in Hillsborough County, Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005366.

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Maciel, Mônica Jachetti. "Avaliação do extrato alcoólico de hibisco (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) como fator de proteção antibacteriana e antioxidante em alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29544.

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O hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) além de possuir propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas, é utilizado como planta medicinal e alimento funcional nos países tropicais. Através de Testes de Diluição em Sistema de Tubos Múltiplos determinou-se a Intensidade de Atividade de Inibição Bacteriana (IINIB/Bacteriostasia) e a Intensidade de Atividade de Inativação Bacteriana (IINAB/Bactericidia) de extrato alcoólico de dois acessos de hibisco, a saber: Palmares do Sul/RS e Porto Alegre/RS sobre inóculos padronizados de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Paralelamente, o teor de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas nos cálices e nos frutos com sementes do hibisco foi determinado. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato alcoólico de cálices, em ambos os acessos, apresentou diferença positiva significativa quando relacionada ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes. Salmonella Enteritidis foi a bactéria mais sensível ao extrato alcoólico de cálices do hibisco enquanto a mais resistente foi Staphylococcus aureus, independente da variável acesso, considerando somente a estrutura vegetal. Em relação ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes, Escherichia coli demonstrou a maior sensibilidade e Staphylococcus aureus a maior resistência. Os valores de polifenóis totais e de antocianinas do extrato alcoólico de cálices apresentaram diferença significativa entre si e foram superiores ao extrato alcoólico dos frutos com sementes. Possivelmente existe uma relação direta entre a concentração de antocianina e a atividade antibacteriana em diferentes estruturas vegetais do hibisco.
The hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and it is utilized as functional food and medicinal plant in tropical countries. Through of Dilution Testing in Multiple Tubes System, it were determined the intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB/ Bacteriostasy) and the intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB/ Bactericidie) of alcoholic extracts of two accesses of hibiscus, known as: Palmares do Sul/RS and Porto Alegre/RS on standardized inoculum of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). At the same time, the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins in the calyxes and fruits with seeds hibiscus was determined. The antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of the calyxes in both accesses showed a significant positive difference when related to the alcoholic extract of the fruits with seeds. Salmonella enteritidis was the most sensitive bacteria to the alcoholic extract of calyxes of the hibiscus while the most resistant was Staphylococcus aureus, independent of the variable access, considering only the plant structure. In relation to the alcoholic extract of the fruits with seeds, Escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity and Staphylococcus aureus the highest resistence. Total polyphenols and anthocyanins of alcoholic extract of calyxes‟s values showed a significant difference and they were superior to alcohol extract of fruits with seeds. Possibly there is a direct relationship between the concentration of anthocyanin and antibacterial activity in different structures of the hibiscus plant.
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Zhao, Gengjing. "Single-molecule studies of bacterial DNA replication and translesion synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276234.

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Faithful replication of genomic DNA is crucial for the survival of a cell. In order to achieve high-level accuracy in copying its genome, all cells employ replicative DNA polymerases that have intrinsic high fidelity. When an error occurs on the template DNA strand, in the form of lesions caused by diverse chemicals, reactive oxygen species, or UV light, the high-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases are stalled. To bypass these replication blocks, cells harbor multiple specialized translesion DNA polymerases that are error-prone and therefore able to accommodate the lesions and continue DNA synthesis. As a result of their low fidelity, the translesion polymerases are associated with increased mutagenesis, drug resistance, and cancer. Therefore, the access of the translesion polymerases to DNA needs to be tightly controlled, but how this is achieved has been the subject of debate. This Thesis presents the development of a co-localization single-molecule spectroscopy (CoSMoS) method to directly visualize the loading of the Escherichia coli replicative polymerase on DNA, as well as the exchange between the replicative polymerase and the translesion polymerases Pol II and Pol IV. In contrast to the toolbelt model for the exchange between the polymerases, this work shows that the translesion polymerases Pol II and Pol IV do not form a stable complex with the replicative polymerase Pol IIIα on the β-clamp. Furthermore, we find that the sequential activities of the replication proteins: clamp loader, clamp, and Pol IIIα, are highly organized while the exchange with the translesion polymerases is disordered. This exchange is not determined by lesion-recognition but instead a concentration-dependent competition between the replicative and translesion polymerases for the hydrophobic groove on the surface of the β-clamp. Hence, our results provide a unique insight into the temporal organization of events in DNA replication and translesion synthesis.
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Paul, Sabu. "Bacterial total maximum daily load (TMDL): development and evaluation of a new classification scheme for impaired waterbodies of Texas." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1514.

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Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) program the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) listed 110 stream segments with pathogenic bacteria impairment in 2000. The current study was conducted to characterize the watersheds associated with the impaired waterbodies. The main characteristics considered for the classification of waterbodies were designated use of the waterbody, land use distribution, density of stream network, average distance of a land of a particular use to the closest stream, household population, density of on-site sewage facilities (OSSF), bacterial loading due to the presence of different types of farm animals and wildlife, and average climatic conditions. The availability of observed in-stream fecal coliform bacteria concentration data was evaluated to obtain subgroups of data-rich and data-poor watersheds within a group. The climatic data and observed in-stream fecal coliform bacteria concentrations were analyzed to find out seasonal variability of the water quality. The watershed characteristics were analyzed using the multivariate statistical analysis techniques such as factor analysis/principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. Six groups of watersheds were formed as result of the statistical analysis. The main factors that differentiate the clusters were found to be bacterial contribution from farm animals and wildlife, density of OSSF, density of households connected to public sewers, and the land use distribution. Two watersheds were selected each from two groups of watersheds. Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model was calibrated for one watershed within each group and tested for the other watershed in the same group to study the similarity in the parameter sets due to the similarity in watershed characteristics. The study showed that the watersheds within a given cluster formed during the multivariate statistical analysis showed similar watershed characteristics and yielded similar model results for similar model input parameters. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the in-stream bacterial concentration predictions by HSPF was evaluated for the watershed of Salado Creek, in Bexar County. The parameters that control the HSPF model hydrology contributed the most variance in the in-stream fecal coliform bacterial concentrations corresponding to a simulation period between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2000.
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Books on the topic "Total bacterial"

1

Smith, Bradley Michael. Fate of Salmonella typhimurium and total coliforms during bacterial leaching. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Murray, Dennis. Colville River watershed bacteria total maximum daily load: Submittal report. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Water Quality Program, 2003.

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Murray, Dennis. Colville River watershed bacteria total maximum daily load: Submittal report. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Water Quality Program, 2003.

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Roberts, Mindy. South Prairie Creek temperature and bacteria total maxium daily loads. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2003.

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Roberts, Mindy. South Prairie Creek temperature and bacteria total maxium daily loads. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2003.

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Mark, Henderson. Johnson Creek watershed bacteria total maximum daily load: Detailed implementation plan. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2003.

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Fricker, Colin. Significance of methods and sample volumes for E. coli and total coliform measurements. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2010.

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Kenner, Scott J. Fecal coliform bacteria total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Spring Creek, Pennington County, South Dakota. [Pierre, S.D.]: South Dakota Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Financial and Technical Assistance, 2008.

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Carroll, Jim. Wenatchee River Basin fecal coliform bacteria total maximum daily load study. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2005.

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Bohn, Gregory. Granger Drain fecal coliform bacteria: Total maximum daily load : submittal report. 2nd ed. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Water Quality Program, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Total bacterial"

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Kosar, T. Fettah, Deirdre R. Meldrum, and Mark R. Holl. "Synchronization of Bacterial Cultures in A Microsystem." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 835–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0504-3_78.

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Park, Sungsu, Emil Yuzbashyan, Peter Wolanin, Jeffry Stock, Pascal Silberzan, and Robert Austin. "Topologically Induced Bacterial Aggregation in A Microfabricated Random Maze." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 808–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0504-3_69.

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Fennah, Melanie, and Andreas Manz. "DNA Extraction from Bacterial Cells by Reverse Electroporation and Splitt Methods on A Microfabricated Device." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002, 817–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0504-3_72.

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Miller, Richard D., and D. Anne Koebel. "Prevalence of Legionella in Whirlpool Spas: Correlation with Total Bacterial Numbers." In Legionella, 275–79. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817985.ch54.

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Kalinowska, Agnieszka, Anetta Ameryk, and Katarzyna Jankowska. "Microbiological Survey in Two Arctic Fjords: Total Bacterial Number and Biomass Comparison of Hornsund and Kongsfjorden." In Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Environments, 115–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14283-8_9.

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Soininen, Antti, Emilia Kaivosoja, Jaime Esteban, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Alberto Ortiz-Pérez, Gonçalo Barretto, and Yrjö T. Konttinen. "Bacteria–Biomaterial Interactions." In Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty, 103–17. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2482-5_11.

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Heptinstall, John. "Isolation of Total RNA from Bacteria." In RNA Isolation and Characterization Protocols, 47–54. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-494-1:47.

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Frommelt, L. "Periprosthetic Infection — Bacteria and the Interface Between Prosthesis and Bone." In Interfaces in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 153–61. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0477-3_14.

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Holben, William E. "GC Fractionation Allows Comparative Total Microbial Community Analysis, Enhances Diversity Assessment, and Facilitates Detection of Minority Populations of Bacteria." In Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I, 183–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118010518.ch23.

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Palm, Harry W., Ulrich Knaus, Samuel Appelbaum, Sebastian M. Strauch, and Benz Kotzen. "Coupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 163–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_7.

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AbstractCoupled aquaponics is the archetype form of aquaponics. The technical complexity increases with the scale of production and required water treatment, e.g. filtration, UV light for microbial control, automatic controlled feeding, computerization and biosecurity. Upscaling is realized through multiunit systems that allow staggered fish production, parallel cultivation of different plants and application of several hydroponic subsystems. The main task of coupled aquaponics is the purification of aquaculture process water through integration of plants which add economic benefits when selecting suitable species like herbs, medicinal plants or ornamentals. Thus, coupled aquaponics with closed water recirculation systems has a particular role to fulfil.Under fully closed recirculation of nutrient enriched water, the symbiotic community of fish, plants and bacteria can result in higher yields compared with stand-alone fish production and/or plant cultivation. Fish and plant choices are highly diverse and only limited by water quality parameters, strongly influenced by fish feed, the plant cultivation area and component ratios that are often not ideal. Carps, tilapia and catfish are most commonly used, though more sensitive fish species and crayfish have been applied. Polyponics and additional fertilizers are methods to improve plant quality in the case of growth deficiencies, boosting plant production and increasing total yield.The main advantages of coupled aquaponics are in the most efficient use of resources such as feed for nutrient input, phosphorous, water and energy as well as in an increase of fish welfare. The multivariate system design approach allows coupled aquaponics to be installed in all geographic regions, from the high latitudes to arid and desert regions, with specific adaptation to the local environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development, general system design, upscaling, saline and brackish water systems, fish and plant choices as well as management issues of coupled aquaponics especially in Europe.
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Conference papers on the topic "Total bacterial"

1

Johnson, Stephanie L., David R. Maidment, and Mary Jo Kirisits. "Bacterial Total Maximum Daily Load Analysis for Copano Bay." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)438.

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Frybarger, Michelle R., and Karim H. Muci-Küchler. "Distribution of Bacterial Contamination in Partial Penetration Surrogate Ballistic Wounds." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23897.

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Abstract With the rise in use of IEDs during armed conflicts, there has been an increase in the number of injuries to the extremities. Shrapnel and debris ejected during the explosion become high-speed projectiles capable of penetrating soft tissues, bringing bacterial contamination into the wound. If not properly treated, that contamination could lead to infection. Studies aimed at understanding the distribution of bacterial contamination along the permanent cavity could provide useful information to improve treatment protocols for these types of injuries. In this paper, a lower extremity surrogate model was used to investigate bacterial distribution in partial penetration ballistic wounds. The targets used were ballistic gelatin blocks that had an Escherichia coli-laden filter paper placed on their front face. Spherical projectiles were fired into the targets adjusting their speed to obtain three different partial penetration depths. After each shot, a gelatin strip containing the permanent cavity was extracted and segmented. The permanent cavity was removed from each segment, placed in a test tube with buffer solution, and heated in a water bath to melt the gelatin. Standard microbiology protocols were followed to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in each segment. The bacteria distribution was represented by percent of total CFU in the permanent cavity versus segment number. In addition, bacterial contamination as a function of projectile penetration depth was explored. For the cases considered, most of the bacterial contamination occurred in the segments closer to the projectile entry point.
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Zhu, L., M. Salloum, S. Feteih, J. Hough, D. Arola, and M. Tolba. "Experimental Study of Temperature Elevations in Extracted Teeth Using a System B Heating Catheter for Bacterial Disinfection." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19125.

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Total bacterial disinfection and elimination from the human root canal system are crucial in clinical endodontic procedures [Card et al., 2002; Kakoli et al., 2009]. The current approaches relying on mechanical instrumentation and root canal irrigation and medicaments have demonstrated that eradication of bacteria occurs when the bacteria are in direct contact with the medicaments. However, persistent infection following routine treatments has suggested that bacteria may harbor in the root canal anatomical irregularities and/or deep dentinal tubules, therefore, surface irrigation of medicaments may not be able to reach those regions. Heat treatment has been used for obturation of the root canal in endodontic practice. In this study we hypothesize that as an alternative, surface heating using a System B heating catheter through the root canal surface would be effective for bacterial elimination in the deep dentin. The heat-induced cytotoxic response kills bacteria in the root dentin via heat conduction from the thermal energy incident on the root canal wall. In principle, a high power setting and/or a long heating duration can always achieve sufficient temperature elevations in deep dentin. Yet, the detailed temperature distribution inside the dentin and possible thermal damage to the supporting periodontium are unknown. Therefore, it is of clinical importance to perform and investigate temperature elevations in dentin to provide clinicians with an optimized and effective treatment protocol to minimize unnecessary thermal damage to the surrounding structure.
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Schoen, Mary, Mitchell Small, and Jeanne VanBriesen. "Bayesian Load Duration Curves for Bacterial Total Maximum Daily Loads: Urban Case Study." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)89.

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FRUNDZHYAN, VG, NN UGAROVA, and NA MOROZ. "BIOLUMINESCENT ASSAY OF TOTAL BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION (TBC) IN FORCE-MEAT USING FILTRAVETTE™." In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702203_0091.

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STOŠKUS, Robertas, Jonas JATKAUSKAS, Vilma VROTNIAKIENĖ, and Vida JUOZAITIENĖ. "THE EFFECT OF HOMO - AND HETERO - FERMENTATIVE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA MIX ON THE ENSILED LUCERNE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS AND AEROBIC STABILITY IN BIG BALES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.029.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria mix on the ensiled lucerne fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in big bales. The lucerne was ensiled without additives (C) and treated with a mix of bacterial inoculant that contains Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri (50:50) (I). Silage was treated with bacterial inoculant, which significantly increased the total organic acids concentration by 69 %, lactic acid by 92% and acetic acid by 76 %. If the results were compared with the C silage, the inoculation significantly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid by 73 %, ethanol by 53 % and ammonia - N concentration by 33%. Inoculated silage had significantly lowered the yeast count by 59 % and moulds count by 34 %. Compared to the inoculated silage and during the aerobic exposure, the untreated silage maximum temperature was significantly higher (13.9 0C vs 4.6 0C) (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Therefore, the bacterial inoculant improved the quality of fermentation and aerobic stability in lucerne silages.
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FROUNDJIAN, V. G., N. N. UGAROVA, and D. P. TRUDIL. "BIOLUMINESCENT ASSAY OF TOTAL BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION (TBC) IN FOOD SAMPLES AND DRINKING WATER USING FILTRAVETTE™." In Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence - Progress and Current Applications - 12th International Symposium on Bioluminescence (BL) and Chemiluminescence (CL). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776624_0107.

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Xiuying Tang, He Guo, Yankun Peng, Yang Xu, and Jie Zheng. "Prediction of the total viable bacterial count based on visible/near infrared spectra during pork spoiling." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131593677.

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Martel, Sylvain, and Mahmood Mohammadi. "Towards Mass-Scale Micro-Assembly Systems Using Magnetotactic Bacteria." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50171.

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Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) can be used in a coordinated fashion to assemble micro-objects in an orderly manner. To perform micro-assembly tasks, magnetotaxis-based control is used where a directional magnetic field is generated to induce a torque on an embedded chain of membrane-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) named magnetosomes. Such chain acts like a nano-compass or a nano-steering system embedded in each bacterium. Such magnetotaxis-based control is then used to orient the MTB in such a way that the laminar flow created by their flagella bundles provides a displacement force on the micro-objects being assembled. Since the force is generated by the bacteria, relatively large micro-objects can be moved with no requirement for electrical energy except for a relatively small value required for inducing a directional torque on the chain of magnetosomes in the cells. Because the energy required to generate the directional torque is independent on the population of MTB being involved but the displacement force can be scaled up with the use of a larger swarm while the total workspace would typically be at microscale dimensions, the energy required for the coils configuration around such workspace and responsible for generating the directional torque can be reduced further to a very low level and hence, makes the implementation of mass-scale bacterial micro-assembly systems, a viable approach. Based on these findings, we propose a corresponding mass-scale system based on many workspaces, each relying on a swarm of MTB to perform micro-assembly tasks in parallel.
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Hinz, Brandon J., Karim H. Muci-Küchler, and Pauline M. Smith. "Distribution of Bacteria in Simplified Surrogate Extremities Shot With Small Caliber Projectiles." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64803.

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Experiments were conducted to determine bacteria distribution trends in wound cavities of simplified surrogate extremities shot using small caliber projectiles. Two different shapes of targets, cylindrical and square, were used in this study. Cylindrical targets are more representative of an extremity but create difficulties while conducting tests due to inconsistent cavity lengths and optical distortions. Square targets, which are not as susceptible to the problems mentioned above, could be used in place of cylindrical ones if their shape does not significantly affect the distribution of bacteria within the wound cavity. Surface contamination of the targets in the experiments was represented using a circular piece of filter paper moistened with a solution with a known amount of Escherichia coli strain K-12. The projectiles used were 11.43-mm (0.45-in) caliber round nose projectiles shot from a commercially available air rifle. The permanent cavities were extracted from the targets and sliced into small, evenly spaced segments and the area surrounding the permanent cavities was removed with a biopsy punch. The radial tears that were made by the formation of the temporary cavity and surround the permanent cavity were removed using a scalpel. The permanent cavity and radial tears for each section were processed and plated on agar plates. Commercial software was used to count the number of colony forming units on each plate and the percentage of the total bacterial colony count per segment was determined. High speed video and motion analysis software was used to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the temporary cavities in the cylindrical and square targets. The data from the experiments showed that the bacteria distribution trends for the cylindrical and square targets were similar even though the maximum openings of the temporary cavity at the entrance and exit locations were higher for the cylindrical ones. For both target shapes, the bacterium was evenly distributed between the permanent cavity and the radial tears in the middle sections of the “wound tracks.” In addition, significantly higher amounts of bacterium were found in the entrance and exit segments compared with the rest of the segments in the “wound tracks”.
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Reports on the topic "Total bacterial"

1

Candrilli, Sean D., and Samantha Kurosky. The Response to and Cost of Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks in University Campus Settings: A Case Study in Oregon, United States. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0034.1910.

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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a contagious bacterial infection that can occur sporadically in healthy individuals. Symptoms are typically similar to other common diseases, which can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment until patients are critically ill. In the United States, IMD outbreaks are rare and unpredictable. During an outbreak, rapidly marshalling the personnel and monetary resources to respond is paramount to controlling disease spread. If a community lacks necessary resources for a quick and efficient outbreak response, the resulting economic cost can be overwhelming. We developed a conceptual framework of activities implemented by universities, health departments, and community partners when responding to university-based IMD outbreaks. Next, cost data collected from public sources and interviews were applied to the conceptual framework to estimate the economic cost, both direct and indirect, of a university-based IMD outbreak. We used data from two recent university outbreaks in Oregon as case studies. Findings indicate a university-based IMD outbreak response relies on coordination between health care providers/insurers, university staff, media, government, and volunteers, along with many other community members. The estimated economic cost was $12.3 million, inclusive of the cost of vaccines ($7.35 million). Much of the total cost was attributable to wrongful death and indirect costs (e.g., productivity loss resulting from death). Understanding the breadth of activities and the economic cost of such a response may inform budgeting for future outbreak preparedness and development of alternative strategies to prevent and/or control IMD.
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2

Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic: Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.

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Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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3

Use of the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and bacterial source tracking for development of the fecal coliform total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Blacks Run, Rockingham County, Virginia. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034161.

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4

Use of the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and Bacterial Source Tracking for Development of the fecal coliform Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Accotink Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034160.

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5

Use of the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and bacterial source tracking for development of the fecal coliform total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Christians Creek, Augusta County, Virginia. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034162.

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