Academic literature on the topic 'Total hormonic distortion(THD)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Total hormonic distortion(THD)"
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Refdinal, Nazir, Syafii, Pawawoi Andi, Akbar Fajril, and Dorinza Axel. "Differences in the impact of harmonic distortion due to the installation of electronic load controller in self-excited induction generator and synchronous generator." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (2019): 104–16. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp104-116.
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In general, the application of Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) or Synchronous Generator (SG) on the Stand-Alone Micro Hydel Power Plant (MHPP) is equipped with Electronic Load Controller (ELC) to control generator output during variations in consumer load. One type of ELC that is cheap and rigid developed today is the ELC, which is constructed by the uncontrolled bridge rectifier with DC Chopper. Based on the operational concept, basically this type of ELC can be implemented on both SEIG and SG, but both of these generators will have a different harmonic distortion effect on the output and its load. This paper examines the differences in the effects of harmonic distortions due to ELC installation on SEIG and SG. The initial stage of this study was to design the ELC developed. Then, the harmonic distortion response due to the installation of ELC on SEIG and SG is tested, which includes harmonic distortion in: stator current, PCC voltage, and consumer load current. THDI (Current Total Harmonic Distortion) stator current at SEIG with ELC has shown an average value smaller than the THD stator current in SG with ELC. Likewise, the THDV (Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion) value of PCC voltage and THDI value of the current consumer load on SEIG equipped with ELC has been shown to be smaller than the THDV value of PCC voltage and THDI value of the current consumer load on SG equipped with ELC. The effects of harmonic distortions due to the installation of ELCs that developed in this study on SEIG is still within the permitted limits, while on the SG, the harmonic distortion reduction is needed at the generator output.
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Al jewari, Maher Abd Ibrahim, Auzani Jidin, Siti Azura Ahmad Tarusan, and Mohammed Rasheed. "Implementation of SVM for five-level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverters utilizing FPGA." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1132-1144.
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The Space Vector Modulation SVM technique has won large acceptance for AC drive applications. However the utilization of multilevel inverters connected with SVM by Digital signal processor (DSP) raise the intricacy of control algorithm or computational load, increases of the obtaining distortions output voltage. The development of SVM in multilevel inverters may offer higher numbers of switching vectors for acquiring further enhancements of output voltage performances and implement by using Field Programmer Gate Array (FPGA), investigate lower Total Hormonic Distortion (THD). This paper reports the performance evaluation of SVM for five-level of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter CHMI using MATLAB/Simulink, which is sampled at the minimum sampling time, i.e. DT = 5 μs. The switching signals for driving insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs) which are stored in MATLAB workspaces, are then used to be programmed in FPGA using a Quartus II software. Which can be stated the lower THD of the simulation result is about 14.48% for five-level CHMI and experiment result is about 14.31% for five-level CHMI at modulation index M_i=0.9. The error percentage between the simulation results and experimental results of the fundamental output voltage in SVM is small which is approximately less than 1 %.
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Maher, Abd Ibrahim Al-jewari, Jidin Auzani, Azura Ahmad Tarusan Siti, and Rasheed Mohammed. "Implementation of SVM for five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters utilizing FPGA." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1132–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1132-1144.
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The Space Vector Modulation SVM technique has won large acceptance for AC drive applications. However the utilization of multilevel inverters connected with SVM by Digital signal processor (DSP) raise the intricacy of control algorithm or computational load, increases of the obtaining distortions output voltage. The development of SVM in multilevel inverters may offer higher numbers of switching vectors for acquiring further enhancements of output voltage performances and implement by using Field Programmer Gate Array (FPGA), investigate lower Total Hormonic Distortion (THD). This paper reports the performance evaluation of SVM for five-level of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter CHMI using MATLAB/Simulink, which is sampled at the minimum sampling time, i.e. DT = 5 μs. The switching signals for driving insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs) which are stored in MATLAB workspaces, are then used to be programmed in FPGA using a Quartus II software. Which can be stated the lower THD of the simulation result is about 14.48% for five-level CHMI and experiment result is about 14.31% for five-level CHMI at modulation index M_i=0.9. The error percentage between the simulation results and experimental results of the fundamental output voltage in SVM is small which is approximately less than 1 %.
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Nik, Fasdi Nik Ismail, Hashim Norazlan, and Johari Dalina. "A comparative study of cascade h-bridge multilevel voltage source inverter and parallel inductor multilevel current source inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (2019): 1355–63. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1355-1363.
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This paper presents the analysis study between multilevel inverters that are often classified into multilevel voltage source and multilevel current source inverters. For multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI), the specific topology studied for this work is the Cascaded H-Bridge MVSI. Whereas, the multilevel current source inverter (MCSI) is based on Paralleled Inductor Configuration MCSI. For this study, the analysis between these converters are done with respect to the number of components, the advantages and disadvantages of each converters during performing inverter operation. In term of output voltage and current quality, the percentage of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) are measured and compared for both topologies. MATLAB/Simulink software has been used in this research to design and simulate in order to study the performances of both inverters.
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Ali Mashar and Dja’far Sodiq. "TEKNIK MITIGASI HARMONISA MENGGUNAKAN LINE REACTOR." Jurnal Teknik Energi 6, no. 2 (2020): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/energi.v6i2.1732.
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 Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) yang dibangun di Indonesia pada umumnya menggunakan Electronic Load Control (ELC) untuk mengatur daya dummy load (ballast) sesuai dengan perubahan daya yang diserap konsumen guna mempertahankan frekuensi. ELC dalam mengatur daya ke ballast tersebut dilakukan melalui rekayasa sinyal yang menggunakan Triac (transistor ac). Penerapan ELC inilah yang kemudian mengakibatkan timbulnya harmonisa yang sangat tinggi yang diukur dalam Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) di PLTMH sehingga mengganggu peralatan yang menggunakan daya listrik dari pembangkit tersebut seperti: peralatan komunikasi (audio visual) dan peralatan kontrol dan proteksi. Pada penelitian ini dikaji teknik mengatasi masalah hormonisa tersebut dengan menggunakan Line Reactor untuk memitigasinya. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik line reactor harus dirancang sesuai dengan karakteristik harmonisa dan generator yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, pada paper ini juga dibahas tentang perancangan line reactor dan pemasangannya pada sistem PLTMH. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana efektivitas line reactor dilakukan pengujian dan analisis unjuk kerjanya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil bahwa line reactor yang dirancang cukup efektif mengatasi masalah tersebut, yaitu mampu menurunkan harmonisa sampai dengan 35'% walaupun ada konsekuensi penurunan tegangan jaringan.
 
 
 
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Prasetijo, Hari, Priswanto Priswanto, Widhiatmoko H.P., and Irunowo Irunowo. "Analisa Pemasangan Filter Pasif Sebagai Peredam Harmonisa Akibat Beban Non Linier." JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) 7, no. 1 (2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v7i1.16677.
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Studi ini bertujuan menganalisa dampak pemasangan filter pasif pada beban listrik yaitu salah satu konsumen 3 phase PT. PLN. Variabel yang diamati adalah total harmonic distortion (THD) arus, THD tegangan, faktor daya dan putaran kwh meter elektromekanik. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran total harmonic distortion (THD) pada beban listrik 3 phase dilakukan menggunakan spectrum analyzer, perancangan filter pasif single tuned untuk THD arus tertinggi, simulasi menggunakan aplikasi Mathlab dan Analisa. Data yang diperoleh arus orde 3 memiliki distorsi paling tinggi, yaitu THD arus total sebesar 15,05% dan THD tegangan total sebesar 9,39%. Hasil pemasangan filter pasif orde 3 yang dilakukan secara simulasi menurunkan THD arus total menjadi 10,40%, THD tegangan total menjadi 6,61%, peningkatan faktor daya dari 0,971 menjadi 0,985 serta penurunan putaran kwh meter elektromekanik sebesar 36 putaran per jam.
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Surapati, Alex, Martin Panggabean, and Muhammad Khairul Amri Rosa. "Pengaruh Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Terhadap Pembacaan kWh Meter Semi Digital." JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER 12, no. 1 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jamplifier.v12i1.21460.
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AbstrakEnergy measurement using a kWh meter must have good accuracy. The increasing use of non-linear electrical equipment causes harmonics in the network. This study aims to measure and analyze voltage, current, power, power factor and the percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The research was carried out by designing and making a device in the form of an electrical circuit connected to a semi-digital kWh meter with a fixed load of 10 incandescent lamps with a power of 100 watts each and 1 single-phase induction motor. The test results show that the incandescent lamp load test produces a THD-I percentage of 3.5% and a THD-V percentage of 3.7% with a measurement error value of 0.675%. In the motor load test, the percentage of current harmonics becomes high at 16.6% and the THD-V percentage is 3.4% and the measurement error value is 3.48%. In testing the variation of the load combination of an induction motor and incandescent lamps, the percentage of THD-I is 5.8% and the percentage of THD-V is 3.2% with an error value of 3.57%. The greater the THD percentage value, the greater the reading error on the semi-digital kWh meter and the worse the resulting power factor value. Kata kunci: Non-linear load, kWh Meter, THD
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Nurhazwani, Anang, and Mariam Wan Muda Wan. "Analysis of total harmonic distortion in single-phase single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 01 (2023): 471~479. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp471-479.
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This study presents the power quality issue mainly focus the effect of total harmonic distortion (THD) on a grid-connected PV system. Firstly, a gridconnected PV system with a single-phase single-stage has been developed to monitor the output values of voltage and current and also its harmonic distortion behaviours. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was implemented since it is proven as the first step for THD reduction because MPPT will extract maximum output power, voltage, and current of the PV system without fluctuation which leads to a low THD level. Furthermore, the employment of a good filter also reduces the THD level in a PV system. Thus, this study will focus on the THD analysis to resolve the power quality problems in the grid-connected PV system. The result shows that the THD value for current, ITHD analysis is more significant than the THD value for voltage, VTHD analysis in the case of grid-connected PV systems operating under different solar irradiances. In a conclusion, the increase in solar irradiance will increase the rated values of generated power and current thus, increasing the performance of THD values.
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Zhang, Shaoru, Huixian Li, Yang Liu, et al. "An Improved SPWM Strategy for Effectively Reducing Total Harmonic Distortion." Electronics 13, no. 16 (2024): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163326.
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In the inverter circuit, the speed at which the MOSFET is impacted by the presence of a parasitic inductor within the printed circuit board (PCB) leads to a delay in the switching process. Furthermore, the parasitic inductor within the circuit can easily form an LC oscillation with the parasitic capacitor of the MOSFET. These two issues result in an inconsistency between the actual output of the MOSFET and the driving signal waveform, leading to distortion in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) waveform and an increase in total harmonic distortion (THD). It is a common practice to mitigate gate oscillation by introducing a resistor at the gate of the MOSFET. However, elevating the resistance leads to deceleration in the charging process of the MOSFET’s parasitic capacitor, consequently causing an increase in the switching delay, and thereby increasing THD. Therefore, an effective strategy to reduce THD is proposed in this paper, while augmenting the gate resistance, computing the MOSFET switching delay, and applying corrective compensation. In this way, the inherent issues of the switch are addressed, resulting in inverter output waveforms that closely resemble sine waves and reduced THD. Through a combination of simulation and empirical experimentation, the efficacy of the proposed approach in significantly reducing THD in the inverter’s output waveform has been empirically substantiated.
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Budi Aryawan, I. Putu, Antonius Ibi Weking, and I. Wayan Rinas. "ANALISIS PEMASANGAN FILTER PASIF DAN AKTIF TERHADAP KANDUNGAN HARMONISA DAN RUGI-RUGI DAYA GARDU DISTRIBUSI KA 2085 DI PT. PLN (Persero) DISTRIBUSI BALI RAYON MENGWI." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 5, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2018.v05.i01.p06.
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Operation of nonlinear loads can cause harmonic distortion in the voltage and current waveforms that result in abnormal electrical system condition. Content THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) an excess flow can cause power quality systems become worse, thus causing the system power factor is lower. Active filter and Passive filter which aims to reduce harmonics that arise. Analysis THD simulation and measurement results in accordance with IEEE 519-2014 and analysis designing of a passive filter and active filter is right to suppress harmonic distortion. The analysis shows that the installation of active filters causes the current and voltage THD contents to comply with the standard IEEE 519-2014 standards is ?12% and 5%. The use of passive and active filters can reduce THDi content to 8.45% and 3.07%, respectively. While for THDv decreased respectively to 3.68% and 3.45% which already meet the IEEE 519-2014 standards. Power losses decreased respectively to 4.36 kW and 3.86 kW. Installation of active filters is better for reducing THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) and power losses in KA 2085 transformers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Total hormonic distortion(THD)"
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Souza, Wesley Angelino de [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de sistema de aquisição e processamento para aplicações em qualidade de energia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87201.
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souza_wa_me_bauru.pdf: 3309362 bytes, checksum: a37e3a04f60e9ebbd2f490264d198dbf (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Este trabalho teve como o desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquisição e processamento de dados para aplicações em Qualidade de Energia Elétrica (QEE). Do ponto de vista dos circuitos de hardware desenvolvidos, buscou-se utilizar componentes de precisão elevada para o sensoriamento e condicionamento dos sinais de tensão e corrente. Além disso, foi implementado um algoritmo de auto calibração das medidas, em função da temperatura no medidor implementado. O processamento dos dados foi realizado através de um processador digital de sinais (DSP, Digital Sinal Processor) de 32 bits, com aritmética de ponto flutuante. Também foi agregado ao sistema um módulo de comunicação sem fio, de forma que os dados medidos pudessem ser enviados a outros dispositivos para armazenamento ou análise remota. Do ponto de vista da aplicação em Qualidade de Energia, foram implementados diversos algoritmos de indicadores de QEE, tais como o de Distorção Harmônica Total (DHT), para a validação preliminar do sistema desenvolvido. Entretanto, do ponto de vista dos estudos e pesquisas realizadas pelo Grupo de Automação e Sistemas Integráveis (GAS/UNESP), no que diz respeito à análise de circuitos elétricos sob condições de formas de onda não sensoriais e/ou desequilibradas, o sistema desenvolvido foi também utilizado para avaliar o comportamento e desempenho da Teoria de Potência Conservativa, proposta recentemente por Tenti et al. e de novos fatores de conformidade (ou desempenho) para a avaliação da QEE em sistemas polifásicos com cargas não lineares. Diversos resultados de simulação e experimentais foram apresentados e constrastados a fim de validar os algoritmos utilizados no DSP utilizado, bem como para permitir a avaliação da Teoria de Potência Conservativa para interpretação de diferentes circuitos e condições de operações<br>This study aimed to develop a data acquisition and processing system for Power Quality applications. From the hardware point of view, high precision components have been used for the vallage and current sensing and signal conditioning. In addition, a self-calivration algorithm has been implemented in order to adjust the measured values in terms of the estimated temperature. The data processing was performed by means of 32-bit floating point digital signal processor (DSP). A wirelless communication module has also been added, so that the measured data could be sent to other storage devices or remote analyzers. From the perspective of power quality applications, several algorithms have implemented, such as the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for the preliminary validation of the developed system. However, considering the studies and surveys carried out by the studies and survey carried out by the Group of Automation and Integrated Systems (GASI/UNESP), especially those related to the analysis of electrical circuits under non-sinusoidal and/or unbalanced waveform conditions, the implemented system has been applied to the evaluation of the Conservative Power Theory (CPT), recently proposed by Tenti et al. Several simulation and experimental results have been depicted and compared in order to validate the practical DSP implementation of the required algorithms, as well as, for the purpose of analyzing different circuit's interpretation by means of the CPT
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Souza, Wesley Angelino de. "Desenvolvimento de sistema de aquisição e processamento para aplicações em qualidade de energia /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87201.
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como o desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquisição e processamento de dados para aplicações em Qualidade de Energia Elétrica (QEE). Do ponto de vista dos circuitos de hardware desenvolvidos, buscou-se utilizar componentes de precisão elevada para o sensoriamento e condicionamento dos sinais de tensão e corrente. Além disso, foi implementado um algoritmo de auto calibração das medidas, em função da temperatura no medidor implementado. O processamento dos dados foi realizado através de um processador digital de sinais (DSP, Digital Sinal Processor) de 32 bits, com aritmética de ponto flutuante. Também foi agregado ao sistema um módulo de comunicação sem fio, de forma que os dados medidos pudessem ser enviados a outros dispositivos para armazenamento ou análise remota. Do ponto de vista da aplicação em Qualidade de Energia, foram implementados diversos algoritmos de indicadores de QEE, tais como o de Distorção Harmônica Total (DHT), para a validação preliminar do sistema desenvolvido. Entretanto, do ponto de vista dos estudos e pesquisas realizadas pelo Grupo de Automação e Sistemas Integráveis (GAS/UNESP), no que diz respeito à análise de circuitos elétricos sob condições de formas de onda não sensoriais e/ou desequilibradas, o sistema desenvolvido foi também utilizado para avaliar o comportamento e desempenho da Teoria de Potência Conservativa, proposta recentemente por Tenti et al. e de novos fatores de conformidade (ou desempenho) para a avaliação da QEE em sistemas polifásicos com cargas não lineares. Diversos resultados de simulação e experimentais foram apresentados e constrastados a fim de validar os algoritmos utilizados no DSP utilizado, bem como para permitir a avaliação da Teoria de Potência Conservativa para interpretação de diferentes circuitos e condições de operações<br>Abstract: This study aimed to develop a data acquisition and processing system for Power Quality applications. From the hardware point of view, high precision components have been used for the vallage and current sensing and signal conditioning. In addition, a self-calivration algorithm has been implemented in order to adjust the measured values in terms of the estimated temperature. The data processing was performed by means of 32-bit floating point digital signal processor (DSP). A wirelless communication module has also been added, so that the measured data could be sent to other storage devices or remote analyzers. From the perspective of power quality applications, several algorithms have implemented, such as the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for the preliminary validation of the developed system. However, considering the studies and surveys carried out by the studies and survey carried out by the Group of Automation and Integrated Systems (GASI/UNESP), especially those related to the analysis of electrical circuits under non-sinusoidal and/or unbalanced waveform conditions, the implemented system has been applied to the evaluation of the Conservative Power Theory (CPT), recently proposed by Tenti et al. Several simulation and experimental results have been depicted and compared in order to validate the practical DSP implementation of the required algorithms, as well as, for the purpose of analyzing different circuit's interpretation by means of the CPT<br>Orientador: Fernando Pinhabel Marafão<br>Coorientador: Ivando Severino Diniz<br>Banca: Lourenço Matakas Junior<br>Banca: Marcelo Nicoletti Franchin<br>Mestre
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Earick, Weston R. "DESIGN OF A HIGH-POWER, HIGH-EFFICIENCY, LOW-DISTORTION DIRECT FROM DIGITAL AMPLIFIER." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1155008919.
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Moussa, Hassan. "Contribution to the Decentralized Energy Management of Autonomous AC-Microgrid." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0161/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur des micro-réseaux AC isolées qui permettent l’intégration des ressources énergétiques distribuées (DER) pouvant fournir leur énergie d'alimentation existante de manière contrôlée pour assurer le bon fonctionnement global du système. L'interconnexion d'un DER à une micro-réseau s'effectue habituellement en utilisant un convertisseur d'interface distribué (DIC) (i.e. un bloc d'interface d'électronique de puissance générale) qui est constitué d’un module de convertisseur à l'entrée de la source, un onduleur de tension (VSI), un module d'interfaçage de sortie, et le module de commande. Dans cette thèse on réalise plusieurs lois de commande basées sur des méthodes décentralisées. L'accent principal est mis sur les fonctions "Droop" qui ont la tâche de maintenir un équilibre de distribution d'énergie entre les différentes sources énergétiques connectées à la micro-réseau. L'objectif est d'assurer la stabilité du système et d’améliorer les performances dynamiques en partageant la puissance entre les différents générateurs d’électricité distribués (DGs) en fonction de leur puissance nominale. Le développement d'une analyse de stabilité en boucle fermée s’avère utile pour étudier la dynamique du système afin d'obtenir une réponse transitoire souhaitée qui permet d'identifier les paramètres de contrôle de boucle appropriés. L'amélioration de la qualité d’énergie des micro-réseaux est également un objectif de cette thèse. La réduction des distorsions harmoniques de la tension de sortie en présence de charges linéaires et non linéaires est prise en compte dans nos travaux. D'autres aspects seront étudiés sur la façon de traiter les charges constantes connectées au réseau et les grandes perturbations qu’ils produisent. Cela donne lieu à d'autres études de recherche portant sur la stabilité grand signal des micro-réseaux<br>This thesis deals with islanded AC microgrid that allows any integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) that may provide their existing supply energy in a controlled manner to insure overall system functioning. The interconnection of a DER to a microgrid is done usually by using a Distributed Interface Converter (DIC), a general power electronics interface block, which consists of a source input converter module, a Voltage Source Inverter module (VSI), an output interface module, and the controller module. The thesis realizes several control laws based on decentralized methods. The major focus is on the Droop functions that are responsible for providing a power distribution balance between different Energy Resources connected to a microgrid. The aim is to insure system stability and better dynamic performance when sharing the power between different DGs as function to their nominal power. Developing a closed loop stability analysis is useful for studying system dynamics in order to obtain a desired transient response that allows identifying the proper loop control parameters. Power Quality enhancement in microgrids is also a purpose of this research. The reduction of harmonic distortions of the output voltage when supplying linear and non-linear loads are taken in consideration in this thesis. Further aspects will be studied about how to deal with constant power loads connected to the grid and the large perturbations exerted. This results to further research studies that deal with large-signal stability of microgrids
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Neužil, Jan. "Uživatelské rozhraní pro HP89410A." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217775.
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The aim of this thesis was to develop user interface in LabVIEW to make typical measurements with spectral analyzer HP89410A There is introduced the theory of operation of an analogue heterodyne and a digital FFT spectral analyzer. It is explained the background of the Fast Fourier Transform. There are discussed the key settings in measuring with FTT analyzer, like window function, bandwidth, number of frequency points, or the averaging. Further is described the program, which was developed for measuring frequency characteristic by white noise and by stepped measurement. It was also made a module for measuring Signal to Noise Ratio and module for Total Harmonic Distortion. In the last part of this thesis are shown the results of processed exemplar measurements.
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Moussa, Hassan. "Contribution to the Decentralized Energy Management of Autonomous AC-Microgrid." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0161.
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Cette thèse porte sur des micro-réseaux AC isolées qui permettent l’intégration des ressources énergétiques distribuées (DER) pouvant fournir leur énergie d'alimentation existante de manière contrôlée pour assurer le bon fonctionnement global du système. L'interconnexion d'un DER à une micro-réseau s'effectue habituellement en utilisant un convertisseur d'interface distribué (DIC) (i.e. un bloc d'interface d'électronique de puissance générale) qui est constitué d’un module de convertisseur à l'entrée de la source, un onduleur de tension (VSI), un module d'interfaçage de sortie, et le module de commande. Dans cette thèse on réalise plusieurs lois de commande basées sur des méthodes décentralisées. L'accent principal est mis sur les fonctions "Droop" qui ont la tâche de maintenir un équilibre de distribution d'énergie entre les différentes sources énergétiques connectées à la micro-réseau. L'objectif est d'assurer la stabilité du système et d’améliorer les performances dynamiques en partageant la puissance entre les différents générateurs d’électricité distribués (DGs) en fonction de leur puissance nominale. Le développement d'une analyse de stabilité en boucle fermée s’avère utile pour étudier la dynamique du système afin d'obtenir une réponse transitoire souhaitée qui permet d'identifier les paramètres de contrôle de boucle appropriés. L'amélioration de la qualité d’énergie des micro-réseaux est également un objectif de cette thèse. La réduction des distorsions harmoniques de la tension de sortie en présence de charges linéaires et non linéaires est prise en compte dans nos travaux. D'autres aspects seront étudiés sur la façon de traiter les charges constantes connectées au réseau et les grandes perturbations qu’ils produisent. Cela donne lieu à d'autres études de recherche portant sur la stabilité grand signal des micro-réseaux<br>This thesis deals with islanded AC microgrid that allows any integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) that may provide their existing supply energy in a controlled manner to insure overall system functioning. The interconnection of a DER to a microgrid is done usually by using a Distributed Interface Converter (DIC), a general power electronics interface block, which consists of a source input converter module, a Voltage Source Inverter module (VSI), an output interface module, and the controller module. The thesis realizes several control laws based on decentralized methods. The major focus is on the Droop functions that are responsible for providing a power distribution balance between different Energy Resources connected to a microgrid. The aim is to insure system stability and better dynamic performance when sharing the power between different DGs as function to their nominal power. Developing a closed loop stability analysis is useful for studying system dynamics in order to obtain a desired transient response that allows identifying the proper loop control parameters. Power Quality enhancement in microgrids is also a purpose of this research. The reduction of harmonic distortions of the output voltage when supplying linear and non-linear loads are taken in consideration in this thesis. Further aspects will be studied about how to deal with constant power loads connected to the grid and the large perturbations exerted. This results to further research studies that deal with large-signal stability of microgrids
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Kerzerho, Vincent. ""Analogue Network of Converters": a DfT Technique to Test a Complete Set of ADCs and DACs Embedded in a Complex SiP or SoC." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364546.
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Une nouvelle méthode de test pour les convertisseurs ADC et DAC embarqués dans un système complexe a été développée en prenant en compte les nouvelles contraintes affectant le test. Ces contraintes, dues aux tendances de design de systèmes, sont un nombre réduit de point d'accès aux entrées/sorties des blocs analogiques du système et une augmentation galopante du nombre et des performances des convertisseurs intégrés. La méthode proposée consiste à connecter les convertisseurs DAC et ADC dans le domaine analogique pour n'avoir besoin que d'instruments de test numériques pour générer et capturer les signaux de test. Un algorithme de traitement du signal a été développé pour discriminer les erreurs des DACs et ADCs. Cet algorithme a été validé par simulation et par expérimentation sur des produits commercialisés par NXP. La dernière partie de la thèse a consisté à développer de nouvelles applications pour l'algorithme.
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Yan, Jun. "A Low Total Harmonic Distortion Sinusoidal Oscillator Based on Digital Harmonic Cancellation Technique." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11204.
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Sinusoidal oscillator is intensively used in many applications, such as built-in-self-testing and ADC characterization. An innovative medical application for skin cancer detection employed a technology named bio-impedance spectroscopy, which also requires highly linear sinusoidal-wave as the reference clock. Moreover, the generated sinusoidal signals should be tunable within the frequency range from 10kHz to 10MHz, and quadrature outputs are demanded for coherent demodulation within the system.
A design methodology of sinusoidal oscillator named digital-harmonic-cancellation (DHC) technique is presented. DHC technique is realized by summing up a set of square-wave signals with different phase shifts and different summing coefficient to cancel unwanted harmonics. With a general survey of literature, some sinusoidal oscillators based on DHC technique are reviewed and categorized. Also, the mathematical algorithm behind the technique is explained, and non-ideality effect is analyzed based on mathematical calculation.
The prototype is fabricated in OnSemi 0.5um CMOS technology. The experimental results of this work show that it can achieve HD2 is -59.74dB and HD3 is -60dB at 0.9MHz, and the frequency is tunable over 0.1MHz to 0.9MHz. The chip consumes area of 0.76mm2, and power consumption at 0.9MHz is 2.98mW. Another design in IBM 0.18um technology is still in the phase of design. The preliminary simulation results show that the 0.18um design can realize total harmonic distortion of -72dB at 10MHz with the power consumption of 0.4mW. The new design is very competitive with state-of-art, which will be finished with layout, submitted for fabrication and measured later.
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Ni, Chia-Lung, and 倪嘉隆. "0.99 PF and 1.7% THD by Line Voltage Recovery and Total Harmonic Distortion Optimizer in Power Factor Correction Controller." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54jh26.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電控工程研究所<br>101<br>As populations increase and countries industrialize, the world’s demand for energy increases. In recent years, the energy-shortage problem becomes more serious. Therefore, the issue of green power is respected gradually. Power factor correction (PFC) can shape the input current of off-line power supplies to be in-phase with the input AC voltage in order to maximize the available real power from the AC source to achieve high power factor (PF). The total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current is an important factor for PF. Considering high power factor (PF) and efficiency, the boundary conduction mode (BCM) control is more suitable for low-power applications such as the adapter and lighting. However, there are two major THD-deteriorated contributors in a conventional PFC boost converter with BCM control. One is the crossover distortion caused by the diode’s forward voltage in the bridge and parasitic capacitances. The other is the line frequency reflected distortion. Because the harmonic current can interfere with other electronic equipment seriously, there are many international standards to limit harmocin current. In order to conform the harmonic-current standards stricter and stricter, an improving THD technique is proposed in this thesis.
The proposed line voltage recovery (LVR) and the total harmonic distortion optimizer (THDO) improve PF and THD over a wide line voltage range. The LVR detects the input line root-mean-square (rms) voltage to generate the digital equivalent code to the THDO for optimizing the THD by tuning the on-time value at different line voltages. Besides, the LVR and the THDO provide a feedforward path to reduce the ripple of the feedback voltage for further improving the THD. Therefore, the PFC controller can keep high PF and low THD over a wide line voltage. Experimental results demonstrate the PF is higher than 0.99 and the THD is 1.7% at VAC of 90 - 110V by the test circuit fabricated in TSMC 800V UHV process.
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Brolund, Andreas. "Evaluation of power quality and common design concept for AC-DC converters in aircraft." Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337969.
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This master thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Saab, Avionics Systems in Jönköping, Sweden, during the spring of 2017. The thesis investigates unidirectional rectifier topologies in aircraft and the focus has been on evaluating the power quality requirements according to the aircraft standards, in the course of the More Electric Aircraft concept. Both passive and active power factor correction topologies are considered, discussed and compared. Simulation models are designed in MATLAB/Simulink and the procedures are presented. A modular concept regarding components is discussed where different power supplies and loads are considered. The simulations present both a passive 12-pulse auto-transformer rectifier unit and an active Delta-switch rectifier fulfilling requirements for aircraft such as the total harmonic distortion of the supply current. In addition, the input power factor is close to unity and an efficiency greater than 97% is obtained. Lastly, future aspects of each topology are discussed and necessary improvements to obtain realistic simulation models are presented.
Book chapters on the topic "Total hormonic distortion(THD)"
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Mourya, Akash, and Mithlesh Gautam. "Modeling and Simulation of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Multilevel H Bridge Inverters for Healthcare." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5191-6_5.
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Iqbal, Hasan, Asadullah Khalid, Hugo Riggs, and Arif Sarwat. "Kalman Filter-Based Harmonic Distortion Mitigation Technique for Microgrid Applications." In Applications and Optimizations of Kalman Filter and Their Variants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005285.
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This work presents a Kalman filter-based harmonic mitigation technique that can be used to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid-injected current by reducing the harmonic distortion. Throughout the power supply system, power electronic converters have become increasingly used in recent years, which has resulted in more reactive power and harmonics. In a power system, harmonics add to noise and lower power quality. A study in MATLAB/Simulink 2022b for improving the THD of renewable energy injected grid currents using seven-level packed u-cells (PUC7) has been undertaken to improve the grid-injected current THD with Kalman filter-based harmonic mitigation technique. With the Kalman filter-based harmonic mitigation techniques, the THD for the grid-injected current is improved from 6.32 to 2.49% when compared to the grid-injected current without the Kalman filter-based technique.
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Abdelhak, Lamreoua, Benslimane Anas, Bouchnaif Jamal, Hirech Kamal, and El Ouariachi Mostafa. "A Multilevel PV Inverter Control With Minimal Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9924-8.ch001.
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In this article, we have improved the control of the multilevel inverter for a photovoltaic system connected to the grid, in order to minimize the total harmonic distortion of current. This topology being considered as a new converter topology applied to photovoltaic systems and has the advantage of very high-energy efficiency, but has the disadvantage linked to harmonics injected into the grid, which causes switching of states if the number of levels increases, which increases the rate of harmonic distortion. An improved control based on sinusoidal control (SPWM) and space vector control (SVPWM) was proposed to improve the control of multilevel inverters. The evaluation of our results obtained is based on the value of the total harmonic distortion(THD). This control strategy eliminates current harmonics and improves the quality of energy supplied to the grid by the photovoltaic system, and It can be seen that among all the control methods, the THD is minimum at the output of different multilevel inverter topologies
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Shiva Rama Krishna Prasad, Lingabathini, and Mavurapu Srinivas. "Comparative Analysis of Resonant Converters." In Artificial Intelligence and Communication Technologies. Soft Computing Research Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-955020-5-9-7.
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This paper presents the comparison among the different resonant converters especially in the Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The THD of output current from the inverter circuit (or) resonant current of different resonant converters such as series LC, LLC and LCC is determined. The resonant converters are to be operated above the resonant frequency to obtain the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) to achieve the lesser switching losses. The simulation of various resonant converters is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink software.
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Sathyanathan, P., P. Usha Rani, and Promod Ranjan Debnath. "Single Phase Transformerless Switched Capacitor Multi Level Inverter for Solar PV Applications." In Artificial Intelligence and Communication Technologies, 2023rd ed. Soft Computing Research Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/978-81-955020-5-9-74.
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Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have been proposed for the purpose of increase power level and to improve the power factor and total harmonic distortion (THD) in comparison with conventional two-level inverters. This technological advancement helps to achieve high performance and low cost, transformer less multi-level inverters which may commonly exploited in grid tied Photovoltaic (PV) generating systems. The application areas of MLIs are residential use in uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs); All these applications require increased reliability in terms of lower switching losses, increased power factor, and low total harmonic distortion (THD) for ensuring robust and smooth operation. Selection of control strategy for MLIs is one of the important aspects while designing of MLI. SPWM (Sinusoidal pulse width modulation) technique has been selected and same is used in the proposed transformer less switch capacitor based MLIs. SPWM which is based on comparing the modulating and carrier signal for generating the switching pulses, is the fundamental switching and control strategy generally used in MLI control. The PWM method used to control the switching sequences of inverters is directly responsible for controlling the output waveforms of current and voltage, while defining the efficiency of the inverter by managing the switching losses and THD ratios. This paper proposes high efficient nine level, eleven level, thirteen level & fifteen level switched capacitor-based inverter. Further total harmonic distortion for each level has been calculated using MATLAB simulation and the value observed for the same is compared for each level of MLI.
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Khalid, Saifullah, and Shailendra Kumar. "ANFIS-SCC Control of Shunt Active Power Filter for Minimization of Harmonics for More Electric Aircraft System." In Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Electrical Engineering. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2718-4.ch001.
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A growth of computational intelligence techniques is the motivation to propose an intelligent controller in this chapter to minimize the harmonics in a more electric aircraft systems due to the presence of nonlinear load applied in aircraft system. Conventional PI controller is implemented in the system and the compensated reference current is generated by sinusoidal current control theory. Shunt active power filter is mainly used to minimize the harmonics in the aircraft system feeding the nonlinear load. The proposed system uses conventional SCC- and ANFIS-based controller and the results are compared. The simulation result of total harmonic distortion (THD) is demonstrated through MATLAB/SIMULINK.
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Muthamizhan, T., D. Silas Stephen, and A. Sivakumar. "ANFIS Controller Based Speed Control of High-Speed BLDC Motor Drive." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200164.
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The paper aims to define the speed control of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) drive using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) controller. ANFIS controller-based switching scheme reduces the power quality issues present in the system by minimizing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Incremental conductance algorithm-based control technique for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in variable solar irradiation conditions for photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed. INC algorithm are used to operate the photovoltaic panels at maximum power, by generating PWM pulse to control the flyback converters in differential power processing mode. BLDC motor drive is electronically commutated by means of switching logical pulses from the rotor position sensor using PI controllers. The simulation shows the significance and robustness of BLDC drive and the results offered illustrates the intended control is effective, with fast responseandminimum settling times.
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Kunumalla, Sreedevi, Rajababu Durgam, and A. V. V. Sudhakar. "Adaptive Control Strategies for Renewable Energy Integration." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1220-0.ch001.
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Integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into power systems poses challenges due to their fluctuating nature, which traditional controllers like PI and PID struggle to address. Adaptive controllers, including Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC), and Model Predictive Control (MPC), offer dynamic real-time adjustments, enhancing voltage and frequency regulation, reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and improving system resilience. Advanced techniques such as Load Current Observers (LCO) and Unified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulators (USVPWM) further optimize isolated Renewable Energy Systems, mitigating load-related disruptions. Bibliometric analysis shows increasing interest in adaptive control systems since 2018, highlighting gaps in validation, smart grid applications, component optimization, and renewable resource utilization. Future research should integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning to refine these systems and drive the global shift toward sustainable energy solutions.
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Khalid, S. "THD and Compensation Time Analysis of Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Using Adaptive Blanket Body Cover Algorithm." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3129-6.ch001.
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A novel Adaptive Blanket Body Cover Algorithm (ABBC) has been presented, which has been used for the optimization of conventional control scheme used in shunt active power filter. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proved by applying this in balanced, unbalanced and distorted supply conditions. The superiority of this algorithm over existing Genetic Algorithm results has been presented by analyzing the Total Harmonic Distortion and compensation time of both the algorithms. The simulation results using MATLAB model ratify that algorithm has optimized the control technique, which unmistakably prove the usefulness of the proposed algorithm in balanced, unbalanced and distorted supply system.
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Kunumalla, Sreedevi, Durgam Rajababu, and A. V. V. Sudhakar. "Adaptive Control Strategies for Renewable Energy-Based Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in the Internet of Vehicles Ecosystem." In Driving Innovation at the Intersection of Renewable Energy and the Internet of Vehicles. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-3321-2.ch006.
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Integrating Renewable Energy Sources with the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) offers a smart and sustainable approach to future transportation. As electric vehicle (EV) adoption grows, adaptive controllers are needed to manage renewable energy effectively and maintain grid stability. This chapter presents control strategies such as Adaptive Voltage Control (AVC) and Load Current Observer (LCO) to improve Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) operations. These techniques enhance voltage regulation, dynamic response, and reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), particularly when used with Perturb & Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking and Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Simulation results and practical insights are discussed for solar-powered EV charging systems, energy-efficient vehicle networks, and smart stations. The study concludes that adaptive control systems are essential for improving power quality, enabling real-time energy management, and integrating clean energy into the IoV ecosystem.
Conference papers on the topic "Total hormonic distortion(THD)"
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Jeetender, V., M. Arun, M. SaiKiran, and M. Upender. "Enhanced Total Hormonic Distortion in a Hybrid Microgrid with Fuel cells and Photovoltic Cell." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Electronics and Intelligent Communication Systems (ICITEICS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciteics61368.2024.10625188.
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Fouda, Tarek. "Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Analysis of 5-Level and 7-Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverters at Different Switching Frequencies." In 2024 25th International Middle East Power System Conference (MEPCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mepcon63025.2024.10850392.
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Barua, Anamika, Sultanus Salehin, Sayem Ul Alam, et al. "Reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Source Current Using a Shunt Active Power Filter with P-Q Theory and PI Controller." In 2024 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciset62123.2024.10939150.
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Sannasi, Sabarinathan, Venkata Dhanababu Govvala, and Markus Deutel. "Modelling of an IPMSM Drive and Investigation of the Torque Ripple and THD with SVPWM and SPWM." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0090.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicles (EV) require an electric motor with a better power density, greater efficiency, a wide constant power area, ease of control, and low costs. A real time control adapted electric motor design is necessary to meet these criteria. In this work, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) design was created from Ansys rotating machine expert and 2D model was developed in Ansys Maxwell based on various design parameters for the rotor and stator configuration, and the electromagnetic (EM) simulations are carried out in accordance with the essential required EV characteristics. Using Ansys Twin Builder, a model was made for the drive circuit, proportional integral (PI) speed controller, speed references, rotor position detection, and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) / sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) are used. This method demonstrates the investigation of the torque ripple and total hormonic distortion (THD) and shows the influence of SVPWM and SPWM techniques on torque ripple and THD. To realistically reflect the performance of the drive, coupled simulation of the IPMSM motor and drive with vector control system is used to analyze the IPMSM drive system through Ansys maxwell and Ansys Twin Builder environment during EM analysis. The simulation outcomes demonstrate the high feasibility of motor design and control strategy, that delivers the intended result and quick response with minimal torque ripple and distortion. According to the simulation findings at 10kHz, SVPWM technique has torque ripple 12.4% and THD in the input current and voltage to the motor are 4.0 and 38.4% respectively. But SPWM has torque ripple 28.5% and input current and voltage THD are 6.8 and 42.6% respectively. Investigation shows SVPWM method is more practical and effective for producing sine waves that deliver higher voltage and current to the load with minimal torque ripple and harmonic distortion.</div></div>
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Wang, Lei, Chi-Seng Lam, and Man-Chung Wong. "Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Estimation Technique Based on Power Concept for Smart Power Meters." In 2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec45492.2019.8994639.
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Salma Nazia Rahman, Fazle Rabbi, and M. Ziaur Rahman Khan. "Reduction of line-current total harmonic distortion (THD) of a Valley Fill electronic ballast." In 2011 International Conference on Electronic Devices, Systems and Applications (ICEDSA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icedsa.2011.5959047.
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Verma, Shivam, Kuwar Yatendra, Ranitesh Gupta, and Arunima Verma. "Total Harmonic Distortion Calculation in Modified Feeder Distribution System." In International Conference on Energy Transition and Innovation in Green Technology. REGIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (RERIC), 2025. https://doi.org/10.64289/rericproc.25.0105.9982357.
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With the growing demand for electric power, it is becoming necessary to ensure a continuous supply in both low and high-voltage distribution systems. Distribution systems integrated with modern distributed generation (renewable energy resources) enhance power reliability and comply with carbon emission policies worldwide. These policies benefit society by reducing greenhouse gases, promoting clean air, and encouraging sustainable practices and technologies. Flexible AC transmission systems devices like static VAR compensators are used to mitigate transmission power quality issues, while custom power devices like dynamic voltage restorers and distribution static synchronous compensators are used to address distribution-level problems. In this research article, a Photovoltaic (PV) with Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (PV D-STATCOM) is employed, to enhance voltage stability, improve power quality, reduce power fluctuations in distribution feeder systems, and support grid reliability by providing reactive power compensation and dynamic voltage control. It reduces losses by injecting reactive power (Q) and active power (P) and measures total harmonic distortion (THD). The PSCAD/EMTDC software is used for modeling and IEEE-13 node test feeder systems is taken for multiple case scenarios.
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Athab, Hussain S., and P. K. Shadhu Khan. "A Cost Effective Method of Reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Single-Phase Boost Rectifier." In 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peds.2007.4487774.
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Ribeiro Franco, Ana Maria. "The Effects of Applying LED Lamps." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.48.
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The objective of this work is to evaluate the harmonic distortion in the current waveform of Lighting Emitting Diode Lamps (LED). For that, power factor, voltage waveform, current waveform, total harmonic distortion (THD) and active power are analyzed.
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Kuwalek, Piotr. "Influence of Voltage Variation on the Measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) by AMI Smart Electricity Meters." In 2021 13th International Conference on Measurement. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/measurement52780.2021.9446802.
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