Dissertations / Theses: 'Total Market'

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Rodrigues, Tiago Miguel Sobreira. "Emove." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10100.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics EMOVE – Innovative Technologies, Ltd. is a young Portuguese Technological start-up competing in the alternative energy generation sector through its innovative concept of electrical production: the ESG (Electric Spherical Generator - International Patent pending) - a unique generator that absorbs all movements and oscillations, converting them into electrical energy. Due to the versatility of this disruptive device, EMOVE nowadays in its organization hub contain several sub-brands in progress, being aim of this report the development and implementation of EMOVE Nano and its product innovation – nanoCharenvi – within the emerging portable power market. By reducing the ESG into such a nano-sized scale and incorporating this nano-electrical mechanical system(NEMS) with portable regular batteries, EMOVE Nano proposes itself to introduce the electronics market into a new power era, where future portable handsets no longer will require the old fashion wall power outlet. In fact EMOVE Nano’s ambition is to empower people using their own daily body motion and consequently have their mobile devices generating power anytime anywhere. Portable Power Market as an emerging arena presents itself as a very business attractive segment, giving a special attention within this report to the Mobile Phones and Portable Music Players Markets, where nanoCharenvi solution offers higher adoption rates and profitability. Being cumulative evaluated in more than US $200 billion and still without any existing competitor leader, portable applications power gap rapidly entered in EMOVE’s market entering race. Forecasted to penetrate the market in 2014, EMOVE Nano aims to develop a strong joint venture with a major handset manufacturer as Nokia, reaching the break-even of the initial investment of € 1.25M in 2.5 years.

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Lampret, Peter. "Economics of total energy schemes in the liberalised European energy market." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19938/.

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This thesis is concerned with the liberalisation of the European Energy markets and the affects this has had on total energy systems. The work concentrates on a number of case studies all of which are located in the area surrounding Gelsenkirchen - Bottrop - Gladbeck, the centre of the Ruhr region of Germany. The thesis describes briefly how the legislation of the parliament of the extended European Union has been interpreted and enacted into German legislation and its affects on production, transport, sales and customers. Primarily the legislation has been enacted to reduce energy costs by having a competitive market while enabling security of supply. The legislation whose development has accelerated since 1999 can lead to negative effects and these have been highlighted for the case studies chosen. The legislation and technological advances, each of them successful by themselves, do not provide the expected reduction of carbon dioxide emissions when applied to total energy system. The introduction of human behaviour as a missing link makes the problems evident and gives a theoretical basis to overcome these problems. The hypothesis is proven by eight detailed research projects and four concisely described ones. The base of the research is the experience gained on approximately 1,000 operation years of the simplest total energy system, that of centralised heating. This experience is transferred to different solutions for total energy systems and their economics in combination with the changing legislation and observation of human behaviour. The variety of topics of the case studies includes the production of heat by boiler, solar or combined heat and power and the use of fuel cells. Additionally the transfer of heat, at the place of demand is considered, either as an individual boiler in a building or as de-centralised district heating. The various results of these projects come together in a final project which covers four different heating systems in identical buildings each with five apartments. Based on the experience described a schematic of the energy system is developed demonstrating the interdependence of actors within energy systems, the energy system itself and the outer frame which includes legislation and the environment. In parallel a financial solution is proposed for a future carbon dioxide free heating and hot potable water supply. To combine both systems a missing link that of human behaviour is introduced. This linkage requires changes of legislation which are described. The solution proposed enables future energy consumption and in parallel the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

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Almeida, Joao Carlos. "Strategic issues in lean construction and the higher education construction market sector." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0220103-154015.

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Hidalgo, Cabrillana Ana. "Essays on capital market imperfections, intergenerational mobility and economic development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4038.

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Esta tesis analiza temas de distribución de la renta y desarrollo económico en economías caracterizadas por imperfecciones en el mercado de capitales. El primer capitulo estudia temas de distribución de la renta. La mayoría de la literatura en ese campo a sido desarrollada bajo el supuesto que IMC (esto es imperfecciones en el mercado de capitales) son exógenas. La teoría convencional es que es muy poco probable que los individuos mas pobres puedan invertir porque tomar dinero a préstamo es muy caro en presencia de asimetrías informativas. Consecuentemente, los individuos más pobres no invertirán y sus futuras generaciones permanecerán pobres. Basado en esta línea de pensamiento esta literatura concluye que IMC exógenas producen mayor desigualdad y menor movilidad intergeneracional. Contrariamente as estos análisis este artículo argumenta que cuando las IMC se endogenizan la movilidad intergeneracional aumentará entre los pobres e inteligentes individuos. En mi modelo existe un problema de selección adversa entre el prestamista y el prestatario, pues los bancos no saben la habilidad del prestatario. En este contexto los bancos ofrecen un menú de contratos que satisface la condición de auto-selección. En equilibrio bancos diferencian entre agentes forzando a los más inteligentes a invertir en educación más de lo óptimo. De esta forma el agente menos inteligente no se hace pasar por el agente más inteligente. Estos últimos obtienen más educación de la que ellos desean, aumentando movilidad intergeneracional y la acumulación de capital humano, que son mayores que en el mundo con información perfecta. Los resultados más importantes de este paper son los siguientes: cuando se endogenizan las imperfecciones del mercado de capitales obtenemos que IMC aumentan movilidad intergeneracional y aumenta el número de gente educados en el estado estacionario. Al estudiar desigualdad en renta, yo encuentro que los resultados son ambiguos. Por un lado el número de gente con rentas muy bajas ha disminuido. Por otro lado la clase media de prestatarios inteligentes tienen una renta menor. Una de las cuestiones más importantes que se hacen los economistas es porqué países pobres usan sus recursos de forma ineficiente. En el segundo capítulo nosotros (Andrés Erosa y yo) proponemos una teoría donde IMC son el origen de las diferencias en TFP entre países. En nuestra teoría los empresarios tienen información privada sobre la productividad de su tecnología. Nosotros estudiamos cómo el contrato, descrito como la habilidad de hacer respetar el contrato, afecta la provisión de incentivos, y por tanto, y de repartir los recursos entre los empresarios. Nosotros estudiamos un modelo de crecimiento donde los empresarios están dotados de una tecnología para producir un bien intermedio que es el input de la producción final de bienes. Los empresarios necesitan financiación externa para producir. Esta financiación externa está limitada por dos problemas: Primero, la productividad no es observable para los prestamistas. Segundo, los empresarios pueden pagar, como máximo, una fracción de la producción. Asumimos que los países difieren en su capacidad de hacer respetar los contratos. Demostramos que, en la presencia de asimetrías de información, países con baja capacidad de hacer respetar los contratos utilizan tecnologías ineficientes en equilibrio y es caracterizada por diferencias en productividad entre países. Nuestra teoría sugiere que los empresarios tienen intereses en mantener en status quo con baja capacidad de hacer cumplir los contratos y esto hace posible que los empresarios extraigan rentas de los servicios que contratan. Nuestra teoría tiene implicaciones sobre la distribución de los recursos entre sectores. En fin nuestra teoría implica que la tasa de impuestos sobre la renta puede ser mala para la actividad económica sobre todo cuando los mercados de capitales son imperfectos. This dissertation analyzes income distribution and economic development issues in macroeconomies with financial frictions. Chapter 1 focuses on income distribution issues. Most of the existing literature in this area has been developed under the assumption that CMI are exogenous. Their conventional view is that since becoming borrower is expensive under high imperfections in the capital markets, poor agents are less likely to make investment decisions. As a consequence their future generations will remain poor. Based on this thought these branch of the literature conclude that exogenous CMI lead to higher inequality and lower mobility. In contrast to these analyses this paper argues that when we endogenize CMI, intergenerational mobility may be promoted among poor and talented agents. In my model there is an adverse selection problem between borrowers and banks, since banks cannot identify borrowers' ability. In this context banks offer a menu of contracts that satisfy the self-selection mechanism. In equilibrium banks differentiate between agents by forcing talented borrowers to make an investment in human capital larger than they would in the first best world. In this way low ability individuals do not pose as high ability ones. Talented children from poor families get educated even more than they wish, so that both income mobility and human capital accumulation are larger than in the first best world. The major results of this paper might be summarized as follows: when we endogenize imperfections in the capital market we obtain that CMI promotes intergenerational mobility and increases the number of educated people in the steady state. When we study inequality of wealth, we find that there are opposite effects making inequality unambiguos. On the one hand there is a small number of people in the lower bound of the wealth distribution. On the other hand the middle class of clever borrowers have a lower wealth. One of the most important research questions faced by economist is why poor countries use productive resources inefficiently. In the second chapter of the thesis we propose a theory where capital market imperfections are at the origin of cross-country TFP differences. In our theory entrepreneurs have private information about the multifactor productivity of their technology. We study how the contracting environment, as described by the ability to enforce contracts, affects the provision of incentives and, thus, resource allocation to and across entrepreneurs. We develop a growth model where entrepreneurs are endowed with a technology to produce an intermediate good that is an input in the production of final goods. Entrepreneurs need external funds in order to operate their technology. External financing is complicated by two problems: First, the productivity of the entrepreneurial technology can not be observed by lenders. Second, entrepreneurs can commit to pay, at most, a fraction of the output. We assume that countries differ in the ability to enforce loans contracts. We show that, in the presence of asymmetric information, countries with low enforcement use inefficient technologies in equilibrium and are characterized by differences in productivity across industries. Our theory also suggests that entrepreneurs have a vested interest in maintaining a status quo with low enforcement since it allows them to extract rents from the factor services they hire. Our theory has implications for the allocation of resources across industries that differ in their needs of external funds and provide some insights into why poor countries face large differences in productivity across sectors. Our theory also implies that income taxation can be more detrimental for economic activity when capital markets are imperfect.

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Dahlberg, Tobias, and Fadel Dabaja. "Decentralized Finance and theCrypto Market: Indicators andCorrelations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177960.

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Lindsey, Johnathan Jake III. "Characterizing opportunities for short reach optical interconnect adoption : a market survey and total cost of ownership model approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65329.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-139). Over the past decade, the demand for digital information has increased dramatically with the rising use of the Internet and various types of multimedia data - text, audio, graphics, video, and voice. As a consequence, the technologies that connect and transport data have become critically important. Available interconnect technologies are broadly organized into two categories: electrical and optical. Although many digital systems use electrical interconnects, optical interconnects are becoming an attractive alternative as electrical connection has become increasingly difficult in terms of cost and performance. However, the transition from electrical to optical interconnects across multiple markets could still be hampered by its higher cost relative to interconnects in the mid-term. Thus, this work seeks to shed light on the following question: "What additional characteristics are useful to evaluate the attractiveness of optical interconnects in emerging markets?" This thesis seeks to explore and answer this question in three parts. The first part of the thesis attempts to gauge the opportunities and barriers to optical interconnect adoption in emerging markets through an analysis of first phase interviews with professionals working in the datacom, automobile, consumer hand-held device industries. Initial review of the response set shows that of the five initial emerging markets for optical interconnect, datacom, specifically high-performance computing (HPC), has the greatest potential for increased optical interconnect adoption in the near future. To further explore the environment for optical interconnects in the HPC, a second, more detailed questionnaire was distributed to a limited number of interviewees. In response to this interview, some respondents noted that several metrics other than cost and performance, particularly power consumption, as being "very important" when deciding which technology to adopt. The second part of the thesis is primarily concerned with investigating further the influence that power and performance concerns have on optical interconnect adoption in HPC data centers. Specifically, this part of the thesis seeks to explore whether power concerns in data centers could lead to increased adoption of optical interconnects. To that end, a cost model of an HPC data center has been developed to identify the possible economic impacts that the adoption of optical interconnect technologies would have in a power-driven scenario. The third part of this thesis presents a set of policy recommendations based on the results from the data center cost model. by Johnathan Jake Lindsey III. S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Vasconcelos, Isabella Freitas Gouveia de. "O market driven quality, a cultura organizacional e a política de qualidade da IBM." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5116.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1993-01-19T00:00:00Z Existe inumeras definições de cultura. A cultura é um tema complexo que pode ser considerado em inumeros aspectos.Porém uma importante caracteristica que diferencia signos de simbolos é que todos os símbolos são criados subjetivamente e saõ investidos de um tipo particularde de significado, eles buscam explicar um significado, significado esse que vai formar sujeitos ou definir tais padroes de cultura, da qual resutaria uma representação fiel do significado explicitamente tratado

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Broberg, Madeleine, and Kristoffer Lindh. "Dividend-yield, an indicator for successful trading? : - A study of dividend-yield’s impact on total stock return on the Swedish stock market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60300.

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Maximizing returns are most investors’ main concern and throughout the years plenty of strategies have been developed in order to reach this goal. What they have in common is that they claim to outperform the market, which should not be possible considering theories such as the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The Dogs of the Dow is such a strategy and it is built upon the simple idea that you invest in stocks with high dividend-yield. In this study, we will search for evidence that dividend-yield could work as an indicator for what stocks to invest in if you want to maximize your total stock return. The study is conducted on the Stockholm stock market where there is a clear lack of information regarding the dividend-yield and total stock return relationship. We will examine historical data for thirteen years and as such our study is completely quantitative. The purpose is to answer the following research question; “What is the relationship between dividend-yield and total stock return for stocks on the OMX Stockholm Benchmark Index during different trends of the Stockholm stock market during 1999-2011?” In the processes of answering our research question, we have been conducting statistical tests where the linear regression at the heart. Multicollinearity has been addressed through a Pearson Correlation test. Without considering tax or transaction costs, there was indeed a statistically proven positive relationship between the dividend-yield and the total stock return for the entire period. When examining the sub-periods, which have been divided according to the market trend of the stock market as well as year by year, it is however only possible to ensure the relationship on statistical grounds for some periods. The majority of results indicate a positive relationship between the two variables, even though they might not be statistically proven. Moreover, the relationship did not seem to be linear as zero dividend-yielded stocks had a higher average total stock return compared to the whole sample looking at the entire period. In conclusion, it has been more profitable to follow a strategy that is advocating a portfolio selection of stocks with high compared to low dividend-yield.

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Masiero, Mauro. "From failure to value. Towards estimation, accounting and sharing of the Total Economic Value for Mediterranean forests." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423580.

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Forests are critically important ecosystems in relation to the multitude of services they provide. Some of these services (e.g. timber and some non-timber forest products, NTFPs) are traded in markets and generate direct income to forest owners/managers, while others (e.g. watershed protection, soil creation, biodiversity conservation) have limited or no access at all to markets. In economic terms these services have a public good nature (externalities) and economists normally referred to them as ‘market failures’. The failure in assigning proper values to forest services may result in the degradation of the ecosystems or the abandon of management activities. The ultimate consequence may be a consistent loose of public values. Within the international forest context, the above-described dynamics clearly characterize forest resources and landscapes in the Mediterranean basin. Such resources stretch over twenty-one countries, covering a total area of about 74 Million hectares (Mha), i.e. 9.5% of the whole land area in the region. Differences between North and South-East Mediterranean countries can be found in terms of forest types and cover, growing stocks, and institutional and socio-economic aspects, including land ownership and forest governance. Forests in the two macro-areas also show different trends: while in the North they are expanding due to the abandon of marginal areas and agriculture practices, in the South-East human pressure in terms of direct consumption of forest goods is still very high. In both cases some risk for depletion and degradation exists, with worsening perspectives in connection to emerging threats represented by climate change and demographic dynamics. A first valuation of the Total Economic Value (TEV) of Mediterranean forests has been performed by Merlo and Croitoru in 2005. Although this study can still be considered as the most complete study trying to evaluate TEV for Mediterranean forests, some new elements came out since it was published. The present study analyses new challenges for non-conventional markets for Mediterranean forest resources. The research includes: (i) an analysis of markets for both wood (industrial timber and energy wood) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs), as well as for a selection of ecosystem services, with focus on Carbon sink capacity and grazing; (ii) an analysis of relevant forest governance tools within the Mediterranean region, including (a) conventional funding opportunities for Mediterranean forest resources at both national and international scale, (b) the implementation of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) mechanisms as new tools for financing and enhancing Mediterranean forests, and (c) the adoption of other voluntary instruments within Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) approaches. Value estimations for selected products and services at regional level brought to a total estimation ranging between €12,508.6 Million (M) and €13,155M. Wood products prevail on other products, representing more than 80% of the total value. Within wood products, timber is the most relevant component, equivalent to about 62% of the total value estimated for selected products/services and about 76% of the total value for wood products only. The total estimated value for grazing is 11% of the total value for provisioning services, i.e. almost twice the estimated value for NTFPs. It shall be noticed, however, that figures for NTFPs are likely to be underestimated because data are available only for some products and ten countries. Indeed, when using alternative estimation methodologies - as tested for pine nuts, pine resin and cork - the estimated value could show a €36.8-572.4M increase, depending on different scenarios. In geographical terms, the economic value of Mediterranean forests is highly concentrated: 65% of this value depends on North-West Mediterranean countries, and nearly 90% of the total value is concentrated in five countries only (France, Spain, Turkey, Italy and Algeria). As for governance issues, conventional funding resources for the Mediterranean region are shifting from international to national public funds. Moreover, there is growing room for private financing tools and initiatives. Among them a relevant role could be played by Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes, but their implementations is still limited in the region, with strong concentration in Northern Mediterranean countries. A shift from the conventional funding channels to new voluntary tools is much needed as an answer both to the growing maturity and responsibility of civil society and to the needs for more efficient and effective tools for dealing with natural resources management problems. Le foreste costituiscono ecosistemi di fondamentale importanza in virtù della molteplicità di servizi forniti. Alcuni di questi servizi (es. legno e alcuni prodotti forestali non legnosi, PFNL) sono commercializzati sui mercati e determinano opportunità di reddito per i proprietari/gestori, mentre altri servizi (es. protezione dei bacini idrogeografici, protezione del suolo, conservazione della biodiversità, ecc.) non hanno accesso al mercato. Tali servizi hanno carattere di beni pubblici (esternalità) e gli economisti si riferiscono a essi in termini di ‘fallimenti del mercato’. Il fallimento nell’attribuire valori adeguati ai servizi forestali può contribuire al degrado degli ecosistemi o all’abbandono delle attività di gestione attiva degli stessi. Nell’ambito del contesto forestale internazionale, le dinamiche sopradescritte caratterizzano chiaramente le risorse forestali del Bacino Mediterraneo. Tali risorse si estendono su ventuno paesi dell’area, coprendo un’area complessiva di circa 74 milioni di ettari (Mha), pari al 9,5% dell’intera superficie della regione. Esistono differenze significative tra paesi del Nord e del Sud del Mediterraneo con riferimento a tipologie e copertura forestali, massa legnosa e aspetti istituzionali e socio-economici, ivi compresi gli aspetti fondiari e di governance. Nelle due macro-aree, inoltre, le risorse forestali denotano trend differenti: mentre nel Nord le foreste sono in espansione a causa dell’abbandono di aree marginali e pratiche agricole, nel Sud-Est la pressione antropica, sotto forma di consumo diretto di beni forestali, è ancora elevata. In entrambi i casi sussiste un rischio di degrado delle risorse, con prospettive di peggioramento in relazione alle minacce emergenti legate al cambiamento climatico e alle dinamiche demografiche. Una stima del Valore Economico Totale (VET) delle foreste mediterranee è stata realizzata da Merlo e Croitoru (2005). Sebbene tale studio possa ancora essere considerato come il tentativo più completo di stima del VET dei boschi mediterranei, alcuni importanti cambiamenti sono intervenuti dalla data della pubblicazione. Il presente lavoro analizza le nuove sfide per i mercati non convenzionali per i prodotti forestali mediterranei. La tesi include: (i) un’analisi dei mercati per i prodotti legnosi (legname da opera e legna da ardere) e non-legnosi, così come per una selezione di servizi ecosistemici, con focus sul carbonio e i servizi legati al pascolo e alla produzione foraggera; (ii) un’analisi dei principali strumenti di governance delle risorse forestali nella regione mediterranea, ivi compresi (a) le opportunità di finanziamento convenzionale su scala tanto nazionale, quanto internazionale; (b) l’attuazione di meccanismi di Pagamento per Servizi Ecosistemici (PES) quali nuovi strumenti di finanziamento e miglioramento delle risorse forestali mediterranee; (c) l’adozione di altri strumenti volontari nell’ambito degli approcci legati alla Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa. Le stime relative ai prodotti e servizi selezionati hanno determinato un valore complessivo oscillante tra 12.508 e 13.155 Milioni €. I prodotti legnosi prevalgono su tutti gli altri, determinando oltre l’80% del valore complessivo. Tra tali prodotti, il legname da opera costituisce la componente più rilevante, equivalente a circa il 62% del valore totale stimato e a circa il 76% del valore relativo ai soli prodotti legnosi. Il valore per il servizio di pascolo costituisce circa l’11% del valore totale, risultando quasi doppio rispetto al valore stimato per i PFNL. E’ tuttavia plausibile che tale ultimo valore sia stato sottostimato perché i dati sono disponibili solo per alcuni prodotti e per dieci paesi. Stime alternative effettuate per pinoli, resina e sughero hanno infatti evidenziato come i valori potrebbero subire un incremento di 36.8-572.4 Milioni, € a seconda degli scenari. In termini geografici, il valore delle foreste mediterranee risulta fortemente concentrato: il 65% di tale valore si riferisce a paesi del Mediterraneo Nord-Occidentale, e circa il 90% si concentra in soli 5 paesi (Francia, Spagna, Turchia, Italia e Algeria) Con riferimento agli aspetti di governance, le risorse finanziarie convenzionali per le foreste stanno spostandosi dai fondi internazionali, verso risorse nazionali. In aggiunta a ciò si riscontra uno spazio crescente per strumenti e iniziative di natura privata. Tra questi un ruolo centrale potrebbe essere giocato dai PES, tuttavia l’implementazione di tali schemi risulta ancora limitata nell’area. Uno spostamento dai canali tradizionali di finanziamento, verso nuovi strumenti volontari appare come fondamentale quale risposta alla crescente maturità e responsabilità della società civile e alla montante necessità di strumenti efficaci ed efficienti per la gestione delle risorse naturali.

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VITALI, BEATRICE. "The Productivity Slowdown Puzzle in European Countries." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2648463.

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Roos, Caroline, and Emma Sandgren. "Är svensk utbetalningspolitik unik? : en studie av Stockholmsbörsen år 2000-2015." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315262.

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Denna studie visar utbetalningspolitiken hos företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen år 2000-2015. Svensk utbetalningspolitik skiljer sig från utbetalningspolitiken i USA och inom EU. I Sverige fick återköp som utbetalningsform stor genomslagskraft år 2000 men trots detta är utdelningar fortsatt den dominerande utbetalningsformen idag. Vid en uppdelning i finansiella och industriella företag blir det tydligt att finansiella företag fått en allt mer betydelsefull roll inom svensk utbetalningspolitik. En ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde samtliga företag fördelar till aktieägare tycks inte kunna urskiljas på den svenska marknaden. Skiljer man på finansiella och industriella företag går det att se en ökad koncentration av det kassaflöde som fördelas av finansiella företag. År 2015 finns en stor andel mogna företag på Stockholmsbörsen vilket förklarar att total utbetalning av företag har ökat sedan 2000. Det framkommer genom att studera företagens kapitalstruktur och fas i den ekonomiska livscykeln. This paper depicts payout policies of companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) 2000-2015. Payout policy in Sweden differs significantly from policy in the U.S. and the rest of the EU. In Sweden open market stock repurchases (OMR) came to be the dominant method of payout back in 2000. However, since then dividends have taken over the scene. Comparing financial and industrial corporations, makes it evident that financial corporations have come to gain prominence when it comes to shaping payout policy. It is not possible to entail an increasing concentration of cash flow that companies distribute to shareholders, when investigating the entire Swedish stock market. Dividing between the two sectors proves a heightened concentration of payouts among financial corporations. In 2015 mature companies have come to gain a greater share of SSE, which explains the increased number of dividend paying corporations since 2000. This becomes evident when examining the capital structure of the companies and their phase in the economic lifecycle.

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Ahlvar, Mathias, and Fredrik Berg. "Investment companies as an investment – Could a person without experience from investments bee helped by the active ownership of investment companies?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152601.

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In this essay we have been studying the development of investment companies that is traded at Mid Cap and Large Cap at the Stockholm stock market. We took out five investment companies at random from the mentioned markets above. We used these companies as benchmarking for the study. To measure the development we looked at the change in the stock price and the total yield over the given time period, we then compared these to three random portfolios of 8 stocks each and the index called Six-Return index. All the companies in the random portfolios have another type of owner structure and lack Investment Company as a big owner. Those companies have a more divided ownership. In the essay we also look at the yield with consideration to the risk that is taken in the given investment in forms of Sharpe ratio and standard deviation for each portfolio. To get some extra insight we have interviewed Investor AB and Investment AB Latour. Both companies are leading investment companies in Sweden. The time period for the essay is 10 years and is stretching from 2004-01-01 until 2014-01-01. The results from the paper are that investment companies in general had a higher yield then the index and portfolios that was used as comparison. The results for the investment companies are better in terms of change in stock price and in yield but also with the consideration of the risk. The explanation of the results lies in several variables where the active ownership of the investment companies is the major part of the explanation and net asset discount together with the high dividend is another part. With these result investment companies is supposedly a very good investment for t hose that can’t beat the market, which would mean a great deal of all investors. I denna uppsats studeras utvecklingen hos investmentbolag som handlas via Stockholmsbörsen på Mid Cap och Large Cap. Fem investmentbolag slumpades fram ifrån dessa listor och har sedan använts som jämförelsebolag. För att mäta deras utveckling har vi studerat kursförändringen samt totalavkastningen och jämfört dessa med slumpmässiga portföljer samt SIX Return index. De slumpmässiga portföljerna består av bolag utan något investmentbolag som större huvudägare. Detta resulterar i att de flesta bolagen i slumpportföljerna har ett mer splittrat ägande. I uppsatsen undersöker vi även avkastningen med hänsyn till risk i form av Sharpekvoter och standardavvikelse för varje portfölj. För att få en extra insyn i investmentbolagen har vi intervjuat Investor AB samt Investment AB Latour som är två ledande investmentbolag i Sverige. Studien tittar på en tidsperiod om 10 år mellan 2004-01-01 och 2014- 01-01. Det resultat som framkommit under studien är att investmentbolagen generellt sett har avkastat bättre än sina finansiella jämförelseobjekt. Detta med avseende på kursförändring och totalavkastning men även med hänsyn till risk. Förklaringen till detta ligger i ett antal variabler där investmentbolagens aktiva ägande är den största orsaken och substansrabatten i kombination med hög utdelning är ytterligare en orsak. Detta innebär att en portfölj med investmentbolag är en väldigt bra sparform överlag men framförallt för den som vill spara i aktier men saknar förkunskaper.

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Azman, Mohd Azrai. "Diversification, institutions, and productivity performance of large construction firms in Malaysia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/199909/1/Mohd_Azrai_Azman_Thesis.pdf.

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This research investigated the relationships between diversification strategies and productivity of large construction firms in Malaysia. The Generalised Method of Moments was adopted for modelling the impact of diversification strategies on productivity. The research revealed that product and market diversifications affect long-term productivity by altering firm efficiency in managing resource allocation. However, the effectiveness of diversification strategies depends on the changes in formal institutional dimensions and informal context of ownership concentration. The research findings will help construction firms to take into account the effects of institutional contexts when formulating their optimal diversification strategies for better firm productivity.

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Hudrlíková, Lenka. "Odhad kapitálových služeb v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10944.

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This diploma paper discusses the importance of implementation of capital into the system national accounts. The purpose of this work is an estimation of capital services for real data of the Czech Republic. Conducted its own calculation is first such comprehensive estimate of the capital services, which was made. The diploma paper is divided into three parts. In the first part there is a explaination of concept of capital services and the methods of estimation and possible ways of calculating the necessary data. In the second part there is already done my own calculations of estimate of capital services used the methodology recommended by the OECD, but subject to certain adjustments, which are better suited to national conditions. Due to the volume of data all the calculations are listed in the Annex. In the text work is illustrative example of one sector of economic activity and the economy as a whole. The last section deals with experimental estimates of impact of capital services on macroeconomic aggregates, particularly gross domestic product. Other possibilities obtained an estimate of capital services, it is possible to estimate multi-factor productivity. Capital services can be used to express the input of capital.

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Prokop, Martin. "Trh kreditních derivátů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73883.

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The main objective of this thesis is to acquaint the reader with the main types of credit derivatives, with the methods of functioning and with main valuation principles. The theoretical part focus on description of credit derivatives market developement with more detailed description of subjcts, who are operating on credit derivatives market. The analysis fosus on how the financial crises influenced these subjects and their credit derivatives portfolios. I have also described the new suggested regulation changes. As a conclusion is the estimation of the regulation changes on the credit derivatives market size.

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Carvalho, Diogo Francisco do Nascimento e. "Contingent valuation of landscape beauty : a case study of Lagoa de Óbidos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19949.

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Mestrado em Economia A beleza da paisagem não deve mais ser sujeita a uma avaliação subjectiva. Uma abordagem objetiva da beleza da paisagem, para mensurar seus benefícios económicos no bem-estar do ser humano, deve ser adoptada nas políticas públicas e nos processos de tomada de decisão. No campo Económico, a beleza da paisagem é um conceito pouco desenvolvido, deixado para elaboração adicional em todas as discussões. Este estudo vai mais longe no estudo e começa enquadrando o campo económico em relação à beleza da paisagem e à definição de paisagem, a fim de melhor entender e avaliar a beleza de uma paisagem. Este estudo analisa a valoração económica da beleza da paisagem de Lagoa de Óbidos através da aplicação da abordagem direta do Método de Avaliação Contingente (MAC). Para construirmos o MAC, elaboramos um questionário que possibilitou não apenas encontrar a disposição dos consumidores de pagar, mas também atingir o Valor Económico Total da beleza da paisagem. Landscape beauty should no longer be subjected to a subjective valuation. An objective approach of the landscape beauty, for measuring its economic benefits in human well-being should be adopted in public policies and decision-making processes. In the Economic field, landscape beauty is an undeveloped concept, left for further elaboration in every discussion. The chosen valuation framework goes further in the analysis and starts by framing the economic field regarding the landscape beauty and the definition of landscape in order to better understand and evaluate the beauty of a landscape. This study analyses the economic valuation of the beauty of Lagoa de Óbidos' landscape through the application of the direct approach of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). To support the CVM, we have designed a questionnaire that made it possible not only to find the consumers? willingness to pay but also to achieve the Total Economic Value of landscape beauty. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Ajayi, Victor A. "Essays on deregulation in the electricity generation sector." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27614.

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Over that past three decades, power sector reform has been a key pillar of policy agendas in more than half of the countries across the world. This thesis specifically concerns the empirical investigation of the economic performance of the international electricity generation industry. Drawing on the stochastic frontier analysis techniques, the thesis considers the influence of reform as exogenous factors in shifting frontier technology as well as shaping inefficiency function directly -determinants and heteroscedasticity variables. The first essay uses an extensive panel dataset of 91 countries over the period 1980 to 2010 to measure the impact of deregulation on efficiency and total productivity growth using stochastic input distance frontier (SIDF). Three specific issues are addressed in the first essay: (1) the relationship between deregulation and technical efficiency, (2) the extent of the rank correlation of the country intercepts with deregulation via their position on the frontier, (3) the trend of total factor productivity and its components. We establish a positive impact of deregulation on efficiency and some compelling evidence suggesting that the country intercepts equally account for the influence of deregulation aside efficiency. In particular, the technical efficiency index from the first paper reveals that most OECD European countries are consistently efficient. Building on this finding, the second essay investigates the performance in term of cost efficiency for electricity generation in OECD power sector while accounting for the impact of electricity market product regulatory indicators. Empirical models are developed for the cost function as a translog form and analysed using panel data of 25 countries during the period 1980 to 2009. We show that it is necessary to model latent country-specific heterogeneity in addition to time-varying inefficiency. The estimated economies of scale are adjusted to take account of the importance of the quasi-fixed capital input in determining cost behaviour, and adjusted economies of scale are verified for the OECD generation sector. The findings suggest there is a significant impact of electricity market regulatory indicators on cost. Cost complementarity between generation and emissions found to be significant, indicating the possibility of reducing emissions without necessarily reducing electricity generation. Finally, the third essay examines the performance of electric power industry s using consistent state-level electricity generation dataset for the US contiguous states from 1998-2014. We estimate stochastic production frontier for five competing models in order to identify the determinants of technical inefficiency and marginal effects. We find evidence of positive impacts of deregulation on technical efficiency across the models estimated. Our preferred model shows that deregulated states are more efficient in electricity generation than non-deregulated states. The result of the marginal effects shows that deregulation has a positive and monotonic effect on the technical efficiency.

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Carlsson, Sandra, and Erica Eikner. "Mutual Fund Performance : An analysis of determinants of risk-adjusted performance for mutual equity funds available for Swedish investors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172313.

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The mutual fund industry in Sweden has grown rapidly over the past years. Research has been made on the topic for over 50 years, however there are still uncertainties about the determinants of fund performance. The purpose of this study was to examine what determines the risk-adjusted performance of mutual equity funds available to Swedish investors. A side-purpose was included to examine to what extent the Efficient Market Hypothesis holds in Sweden. A simple random sample was conducted where 500 equity funds were included. From Refinitiv/Thomson Reuters Eikon Datastream fund characteristics were downloaded. To find the abnormal return of mutual equity funds, a hybrid Fama-French Carhart factor model was used which includes both domestic Swedish factors and global factors. The model was used to calculate the yearly risk-adjusted performance for each fund using 12 months return. This was denominated Alpha which was used as the dependent variable in the regression models. Further, to determine the characteristics which affect risk-adjusted performance two multiple regression models with six independent variables and three control variables are constructed. Further, a one sample t-test was conducted to test the market efficiency for mutual funds available to Swedish investors. Eight statistical hypotheses were created and tested in which two found a significant result which were that alpha differs from zero and Total Expense Ratio determines the risk-adjusted performance. To conclude, findings showed only the character Total Expense Ratio determines risk-adjusted performance of mutual equity funds available to Swedish investors. In conclusion the control variables year, geographical focus and currency affect the fund performance. The study is an interesting aspect for Swedish investors and fund managers since the study implies deeper knowledge about the mutual fund industry in Sweden and therefore should be concerned by the variable TER to earn abnormal returns. Further, the study contributes with a theoretical discussion in line with the results concerning Efficient Market Hypothesis, the Diversification Effect and Modern Portfolio Theory. Conclusions are drawn based on our result that the Efficient Market Hypothesis does hold in the Swedish fund market. Although only one character determines the risk-adjusted performance and average investor should choose funds that follow the market, based on the skill level of average investors.

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Nasr, Dalal. "Hedgefonders avkastningsmönster : En studie av hedgefonders prestation i förhållande till traditionella fonder." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19268.

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Bakgrund: De flesta svenskarna sparar i form av värdepapper för att investera sina pengar och få en avkastning. Vilket placeringsalternativ ska de välja mellan investering i traditionella eller speciella fonder? De traditionella fonderna har en relativ avkastning och en stor risk, medan de speciella eller hedgefonderna har en lägre risk och en absolut positiv avkastning oavsett marknadsläge.I denna studie kommer att undersökas om hedgefonders avkastningsmönster är trovärdig, och om deras målsättning har uppnåtts under åtta års period. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan olika svenska hedgefonders investeringsstrategier och avkastningsmönster samt undersöka hur dessa hedgefonder skiljer sig från de traditionella fonderna och marknadsindexet. Delsyftet är att studera två olika perioder och urskilja hur fonderna presterar under hög respektive låg konjunktur läge. Metod: Studien är baserad på forskningsstrategin kvantitativa metoden. Sekundär data i form av historiska avkastningssiffror för åttaårsperiod är avhämtad. Olika nyckeltal är valda för uträckningen och analysen. Korrelation, regression och hypotesprövning är de utvalda statistiska metoder som ska leda författaren att analysera och dra slutsats. Slutsats: De hedgefonderna har under de olika perioderna genererat en genomsnittlig positiv avkastning trots de låga värden. De har lägre totalrisk samt marknadsrisk än de traditionella, och en låg korrelation mellan varandra. Vidare har studien visat att räntearbitrage och marknadsneutrala strategier har presterat bäst under låg konjunktur.Sammanfattningsvis hedgefonders avkastningsmönster skiljer sig mellan de olika strategierna och inom varje strategi. Trots på den låga positiva avkastningen anses hedgefonder ett bättre placeringsalternativ än traditionella fonder i tider där marknaden går ner.Avkastningsmönster är en fördom på kortsikt men anses vara en verklighet långsiktigt. Background: The majority of the Swedish population saves in the form of securities to invest and receive a return. Which investment option should they choose? Should they invest in mutual or special funds? The mutual funds have a relative return and come with a high risk, while the special funds, also known as hedge funds, have an absolute positive return regardless of the market situation and this fund type accounts for a lower risk. This study will investigate whether the return pattern in the hedge funds are valid or not, and if their objective was achieved during this 8 year period. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between Swedish hedge funds' investment strategies and their return pattern as well as examining how these hedge funds differ from the mutual funds and the market index. The sub focus is studying two different periods and discerns how the funds perform under high and low economic situation. Methodology: The study is based on results obtained from the research strategy, of a quantitative character. Secondary data in the form of historical returns for the eight-year period is utilized. Different ratios are utilized for calculations and analysis. Correlation, regression, and hypothesis testing are the chosen statistical methods that will lead the author to analyze and draw conclusions. Conclusions: The hedge funds have in the different periods generated an average positive return despite the low values. They have lower total risk and market risk than mutual ones, and a low correlation between each other. Furthermore, the study has shown that rate arbitrage and market neutral strategies perform best under low economy context.In summary, hedge funds' return pattern differs between the diverse strategies and within each strategy. Despite the low positive returns hedge funds are considered a better investment option than mutual funds in times when the market is unstable.The return pattern does not apply to short term investments but it does apply to long term investments.

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20

Obispo, Nestor E. "Feasibility of using total purines as a microbial marker /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948440826443.

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21

Ehrenberger, Patrik. "Trh administrativních prostor." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199533.

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Master`s thesis topic is characteristic of office market and it`s distinction among other segments of reality market. Inseparable part of the thesis is also analysis of development between years 1995 and 2013 with orientation toward prague office market and it`s comparison with other european cities. Furthermore thesis discusses options of applicability of initial, reversionary and equivalent yields as comparable figures across investment and geographical markets and application of exit yield for property valuation in discounted cash-flow model. Established facts are applied on office building Rivergarden II-III in dynamically developing district Karlín in Prague 8.

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22

Gopinathan, Vimala. "Total plasma antioxidant status as a marker of high risk for morbidity in preterm infants." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251698.

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23

Cavallini, Alessandro Giorgio. "Lean Six Sigma as a Source of Competitive Advantage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2656.pdf.

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24

Fabiánová, Jana. "Demografické faktory ekonomického růstu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162896.

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Development of the economic situation in recent years raises number of issues, including defining what are the factors of this development and whether it is possible to affect them. This thesis deals with the demographic factors of economic growth; those are factors associated with general population and factors which may have an impact on the country's economy. The main aim of this work is to precisely identify the demographic factor and analyze their development in the Czech Republic since the early 1990s to the present days. Furthermore, the economic development is analyzed along with the indicators of economic activity in sorting by various demographic factors. Special attention is given to the status of working foreigners within the labor market. To emphasize the specifics of the development of the various sectors of national economy the construction industry was selected as a case example. The analysis of the employment in the construction industry was conducted in regard to demographic and economic indicators. To illustrate the results of the analysis column, line and pie charts were used in addition to the figures in the tables.

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25

Das, Kartik. "American Trade Influence: Across Foreign Markets, Exports to the United States, Not Total Exports, Drive Stock Returns." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1207.

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This paper explores the relationship between lagged stock returns and export growth in a panel of worldwide markets. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the effect of future economic output growth on stock returns. This study finds that annualized changes in a foreign country’s exports to the United States five to seven years in the future, defined as long-term, positively predict the annual stock market returns while the nation’s total export changes are already priced-in. An additional percentage point increase in long-term exports to the United States growth results in a 0.1 to 3.5 percentage point rise in annual stock returns. However, both growth in total exports and those to the United States do not predict equity returns over the short-term, defined as average annual growth from year 0 to year 4. Thus, establishing a foothold and cracking the highly competitive and homogeneous United States market is not guaranteed and unpredictable, requiring 5 years of investments before successful foreign firms are able convert it into earnings. Alternatively, investors may be shortsighted, uninformed, and pay limited attention about a foreign country’s exports to the United States beyond their forecast horizon, for example, five years. Moreover, the analysis finds that GDP growth at both the foreign country and United States level does not affect lagged foreign stock returns and could be priced-in, unlike long-term growth in the nation’s exports to United States.

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Fung, Cheryl. "The fiscal impacts of use-value taxation in Prince William County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42232.

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Concern that high property taxation of agricultural land encourages its conversion to nonagricultural uses has led to the adoption of use-value taxation practices. Use-value taxation has had mixed results as a deterrent to the conversion of agricultural and open space land. It has been argued that use-value taxation does not succeed in retaining open space along the rura1-urban fringe (Stocker 1975; Ferguson), and further that such programs may actually lower the community's property tax base significantly (Tiebout; Anderson 1993). Additionally, when land is taxed by its usevalue rather than market-value, the local tax base declines curtailing local public services and consequently reducing the attractiveness of the community for residential, commercial and industrial land uses (Abeyratne and Johnson, Bickerdike, Netzer, Oates). This study seeks to determine the fiscal impacts of use-value taxation and incurred and immediate revenues generated by a particular land use project. By comparing the net impact on the property tax rate of different land uses, the effectiveness of land use taxation policies for communities can be determined. The fiscal impact of alternative land uses are measured using The Virginia Impact Projection (VIP) model. The empirical models employed are based on a static cross-sectional econometric analysis of Virginia counties initially developed by Johnson and Keeling and updated for the current analysis using more recent data. The empirical equations are used to construct a fiscal impact assessment (simulation) model. The simulation model allows the comparison of impact and baseline scenarios developed using alternative land uses. It was found that the impact offarmland enrollment in use-value assessment programs is not as large when net impacts are considered rather than sole consideration of the direct property tax revenue changes. Master of Science

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Louro, Pedro Lobato Pereira Castanheiro. "Liquidity rules in Basel III : a test on the largest portuguese banks." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7677.

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Mestrado em Finanças O principal objectivo da presente dissertação foi uma análise preliminar sobre os novos regulamentos provenientes do Basileia III, nomeadamente, uma análise inicial ao Liquidity Coverage Ratio e a sua aplicação prática assim como os seus benefícios na gestão do risco de liquidez nas instituições financeiras. Neste sentido, foram seleccionadas as 5 instituições financeiras, à data de 31 de Dezembro de 2012, que representavam a amostra mais relevante em termos de actividade no sector Português da banca comercial ("mercado bancário" Português). Recorrendo ao Liquidity Coverage Ratio obtido, foi possível observar que o "mercado bancário" português apresentou, inicialmente, um Liquidity Coverage Ratio acima do requerido pelo Basileia III (60%). O Liquidity Coverage Ratio obtido no "mercado bancário" Português foi de 102% em 2013. Num cenário simulado de stress, pode ser verificado que, o mínimo que a carteira de activos líquidos de alta qualidade no "mercado bancário" pode cair é de aproximadamente 59% do seu valor, à data de 31 de Dezembro de 2013, e ainda assim existem condições para cumprir com o mínimo requerido pelo Basileia III (60%). De acordo com todas as análises realizadas, foi possível concluir que o "mercado bancário" Português, tem capacidade para suportar, eficientemente, qualquer cenário de stress financeiro. Desta forma, o mercado detém uma quantidade suficiente de activos líquidos de alta qualidade, que podem fácil e rapidamente ser convertidos em dinheiro (nos sector privados) que suportem uma volatilidade de mercado significativa ou cenários de stress que durem mais de 30 dias. The main objective of the present dissertation was a preliminary analysis of the new regulatory package of Basel III, namely, a first analysis of the Liquidity Coverage Ratio computation, its practical application and its benefits for liquidity risk management in financial institutions. For this purposes, it was selected a sample of 5 Portuguese financial institutions which, as at 31 December 2012, represented the most relevant financial institutions with retail banking activities (Portuguese "banking market"). Considering the average Liquidity Coverage Ratio obtained it was possible to observe that the Portuguese "banking market" started to present a Liquidity Coverage Ratio clearly above the Basel III minimum requirement (60%). The Liquidity Coverage Ratio obtained by the Portuguese "banking market" insofar was 102% for 2013. In a simulated stress scenario, we were able to verify that the minimum which Portuguese "banking market" high quality liquidity assets stock could drop was approximately 59% of its value, at 31st of December 2013, and still maintain the conditions to fulfil the Basel III minimum requirement (60%). According to all the analysis performed, it was possible to conclude that the Portuguese "banking market" has the ability to efficiently sustain, any financial stress scenario. In this sense, holds sufficient stock of high quality liquidity assets that could be easily and immediately converted into cash (in private markets) in order to sustain a significant market volatility or stress scenarios lasting over 30 calendar days.

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Mockuvienė, Asta. "Žemės ūkio technika prekiaujančių įmonių konkurencingumo didinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050608_093023-26177.

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Final work of the University Undegraduate Studies, 60 pages, 9 figures, 11 tables, 52 references, 16 appendixes. Key words – total index of item competitiveness, total index of item group competitiveness, competition, competition limiting, competition conditions, competition strategy, competition market, competitiveness, competitiveness evaluation, competitiveness factors, competitive advantage, competitors, summary economical parameters index of competitiveness, summary qualitative parameters index of competitiveness, summary index of company’s goods competitiveness. Research object – agricultural equipment selling companies. Research subject – competitiveness in agricultural equipment selling companies. Research aim – to identify possibilities of creating competitiveness in agricultural equipment selling companies. Research tasks: - to dispute theoretical principals of competitiveness; - to prepare methodology of evaluation competitiveness of agricultural equipment; - to analyse market of agricultural equipment; - to estimate competitiveness of chosen agricultural equipment; - to identify conditioning to obtain the competitive advantage. Research methods: - comparative analysis of special literature sources; - comparative analysis of agricultural equipment competitiveness based on counting relative indexes; - interview with companies managers and other employees; - statistical analysis, graphic, data grouping other methods. Research period : year 2000 – 2004. In this final... [to full text]

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Ali, Perwez, and Jakob Håkansson. "Får du vad du betalar för? : Sambandet mellan tillväxtmarknadsfondernas avgifter och dess riskjusterade avkastning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167042.

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Bakgrund: En stor andel av de svenska invånarna sparar idag i fonder. De senaste åren har utbudet av fonder ökat allt mer, dels genom antalet fondbolag samt spridningen över olika marknader. Fonder allokerade mot tillväxtmarknader, Emerging Markets samt Frontier Markets, är en av de fondtyper som fått större uppmärksamhet på sistone. På grund av lägre grad av transparens från dessa marknader har investerare inte tillgång till lika mycket finansiell information från tillväxtmarknader, de ses även som mindre effektiva jämfört med de mer utvecklade marknaderna. Tillväxtmarknadsfonder tenderar även att ta ut höga avgifter för förvaltningen. Det för oss vidare till att analysera hur förvaltare av tillväxtmarknadsfonder lyckas med sina investeringar sett till den årliga avgift de tar ut för sin förvaltning. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur sambandet ser ut mellan fonders årliga avgifter och den riskjusterade avkastningen hos fonder med full allokering mot tillväxtmarknader kategoriserade inom Emerging Markets samt Frontier Markets. Metod: Genom studien har en deduktiv ansats och en kvantitativ metod tillämpats för att undersöka samband mellan flertalet variabler mot den beroende variabeln, Total Expense Ratio. Vi har hämtat in månadsdata från ett urval av 50 fonder via Thomson Reuters som vi sedan analyserat genom nyckeltal samt regressioner. Slutsats: Studiens resultat tyder på att det finns ett negativt samband mellan fondernas riskjusterade avkastning och dess årliga avgift. Vi ser att fonderna med högre avgift tenderar att resultera i en lägre riskjusterad avkastning. Background: Today most of the swedes saves in mutual funds. The past few years we have seen an increase in the supply of mutual funds. Funds allocated to Emerging Markets and Frontier Markets has gotten more attention as well. These markets have a lower grade of transparency and has a lack of financial information compared to more developed markets. Studies has shown that they are also less efficient than the developed. Mutual funds in Emerging Markets tends to charge higher fees for their management. These factors make it interesting to analyze how the trustees of the mutual funds succeed in their investments related to the Total Expense Ratio that they charge. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between mutual funds’ Total Expense Ratio and their risk adjusted return for funds allocated to Emerging Markets and Frontier Markets. Methodology: The authors have used a deductive approach and a quantitative methodology to fulfill the aim of this study. We have gathered data by observing 50 mutual funds and retrieved the data from Thomson Reuters. We have then analyzed the data by calculating key ratios and by regression analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a negative relationship between mutual funds’ total expense ratio and their risk adjusted return. We note that mutual funds with higher expense ratios tends to result in lower risk adjusted return.

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Létourneau, Kateri. "Lectures contemporaines du symbolisme maussien dans la socio-anthropologie française." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23324.

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Les travaux de Marcel Mauss connaissent au tournant des années 1980 un renouveau d’intérêt, notamment avec la revue du MAUSS. Cet intérêt serait attribuable à la conception originale du social comme symbolisme qui s’esquisse chez ce durkheimien hétérodoxe. Cette thèse compare les perspectives de quatre lecteurs contemporains du symbolisme maussien issus de la socio-anthropologie française, soit Camille Tarot, Bruno Karsenti, Alain Caillé et Jacques T. Godbout. Si ces derniers s’entendent sur l’importance des travaux de Mauss, le sens à donner aux concepts de fait social total et de don diffère sensiblement selon les auteurs : Tarot et Karsenti, en accordant plus d’importance à la découverte du fait social total, décèlent chez Mauss une conception sociale accordant une place à la totalité symbolique, alors que Caillé et Godbout, en insistant davantage sur la découverte maussienne du don, y trouvent les prolégomènes d’un tiers paradigme se situant entre l’holisme et l’individualisme.

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Bejan-Angoulvant, Theodora. "Analyse de la réduction du risque cardiovasculaire par le traitement antihypertenseur : vers une prescription personnalisée." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10232.

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Le traitement antihypertenseur (TAH) réduit le risque cardiovasculaire (RCV). Son efficacité est établie à partir de nombreux essais et méta-analyses conduits sur différentes populations. L’effet du TAH suit en moyenne un modèle multiplicatif différent d’une classe médicamenteuse à l’autre et non constant dans le temps. Pour progresser vers une prescription personnalisée du TAH, nous avons suivi 3 objectifs: 1) La modélisation statistique de l’effet du TAH sur le risque d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) et d’infarctus (IDM) dans différents sous-groupes de patients, selon le temps et la classe médicamenteuse. 2) La méta-analyse de l’effet du TAH sur le risque d’AVC, d’IDM et de mortalité après 80 ans, situation de prescription fréquente. 3) La mise en place, conduite et coordination de l’essai clinique IDEAL, randomisé en plan croisé et double insu dont l’objectif est d’étudier l’influence des caractéristiques individuelles sur la réponse pressionnelle à 2 classes de TAH. Les 2 premiers travaux ont été réalisés sur la base INDANA, méta-analyse sur données individuelles des essais évaluant le TAH contre placebo. Ils suggèrent sans être définitivement convaincants que la réduction du bénéfice au cours du temps sur le risque d’infarctus est plus nette chez la femme et sous bêtabloquants. Chez les patients très âgés le TAH reste efficace pour réduire le RCV, mais notre analyse de l’absence de réduction de la mortalité nous conduit à recommander d’éviter toute intensification du TAH à cet âge. L’essai IDEAL a inclus 124 patients chez lesquels la régression à la moyenne et l’évolution sous placebo expliquent une baisse de pression de même ordre que le TAH Antihypertensive treatment (AHT) reduces cardiovascular risk (CVR). Its efficacy is well established from numerous clinical trials and meta-analysis conducted in several populations. The AHT effect follows on average a multiplicative model. This model is different from one drug class to another, and is not constant during follow-up.In order to progress towards a personalized prescription of AHT, we followed 3 objectives: 1) The statistical modelling of AHT effect on stroke (ST) and myocardial infarction (MI) in different sub-groups of patients,depending on time of follow-up and first line drug class. 2) The meta-analysis of AHT effect on the risk of stroke,MI and total mortality in patients ages 80 years and older in whom AHT is frequently prescribed. 3) The set-up,conduct and coordination of the IDEAL study, a cross-over randomized double blind clinical trial in order to assess the influence of individual characteristics on blood pressure (BP) response to two AHT drug classes. The first two analyses were performed on the INDANA database, an individual patient data meta-analysis from trials that evaluated the effect of AHT against placebo. These analyses suggest that the decreased benefit of AHT over timeon MI prevention was mostly apparent in women and with first line beta-blocker. Treatment remained efficient invery old patients in reducing CVR, but the lack of mortality reduction led us not to recommend AHT intensificationin this age group. The IDEAL study included 124 patients for which the regression to the mean and the evolution under placebo phenomena explained a BP reduction similar to the one under AHT

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Boij, Ida, and Nikola Albinowska. "Empiriska samband mellan Skuldsättning och Lönsamhet : - Hur skuldsättning kan användas i ekonomistyrning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96748.

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Syfte: Undersökningen syftar till att utifrån teorier kring kapitalstruktur och empiriska samband mellan skuldsättning och lönsamhet diskutera hur skuldsättning kan användas i ekonomistyrning. Metod: Undersökningen är gjord enligt kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Sekundärdata hämtas och analyseras med statistiska metoder. Resultaten diskuteras med teoretisk referensram. Slutsats :Studiens empiriska resultat visar på ett signifikant negativt samband mellan skuldsättning (TSK ) och lönsamhet (ROA ), samt ett signifikant positivt samband mellan skuldsättning (TSK ) och lönsamhet (ROE ). De empiriska resultaten tyder på att hur skuldsättning kan användas i ekonomistyrning beror på hur lönsamhet mäts. Purpose: This study aims to; from theories of capital structure and empirical relations between debt and profitability discuss how debt can be used in management control. Method: This study follow quantitative research method. Secondary data is retrieved and analyzed by statistical methods. The results are discussed with the theoretical framework. Conclusion: Empirical results indicate a significant negative relationship between debt (TSK ) and profitability (ROA ), followed by a significant positive relationship between debt (TSK ) and profitability (ROE ). Empirical results further suggest that the measure of profitability is crucial for how debt can be used in management control.

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Dvořáková, Martina. "Hodnocení finanční situace podniku a návrhy na její zlepšení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221717.

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This diploma work assess the financial health of the company in the years 2002–2006 on the basis of selected methods of the financial analysis. It includes proposals of possible solutions of identified problems which should result in the improvement of financial situation of the firm in the following years.

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Schaffer, Harwood. "The Assumption of Non-coerciveness and the Total Food Market." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/847.

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For the last 46 years, the countries of the world have tried to reduce the number of chronically hungry people. Despite all the efforts, the numbers have barely budged from the over 850 million people who were chronically hungry in 1974 until the 2007-2009 food price crisis, when the numbers increased to over 1.02 billion. The blame for this situation has variously been put on bad governance, the lack of adequate market reforms, the market reforms that were imposed on developing nations, and globalization. Food, like other products in this globalized world, is allocated using the market system. One likely place to look for the cause of continuing hunger is at the assumptions that underlie the market system, in particular the assumption of non-coerciveness. This assumption asserts that the market transaction—in this case for food—is freely entered into by both the buyer and the seller and that either can refuse to enter into the transaction if it is not to their advantage. After looking at the traditional understanding of coerciveness in economics, this dissertation examines the logic system of economics concluding that the issue of non-coerciveness is a moral issue, and the argument of Frank Knight that the question of non-coerciveness is an issue of ethics. Using the work of Michael Keeley, this paper concludes that broadly accepted human rights is the best possible criterion for determining whether or not the aggregate food market is non-coercive. If the human right to food is abridged then it can be said that the aggregate food market is coercive and the assumption of non-coerciveness for the aggregate food market does not hold. With 1.02 billion people chronically hungry, 1/6 of humanity, it is clear that the right to food has been abridged and the aggregate food market is coercive. To overcome chronic hunger and enforce the right to food, governments, international agencies, and non-governmental organizations are going to have to supplement markets with non-market measures. The dissertation concludes with a number of recommendations for non-market measures that can be taken to ensure that all people enjoy the right to food.

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Wu, Jia-Hsiung, and 吳家雄. "Evaluating the total performance,selectivity and market timing ability of offshore funds." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03740192132660745407.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 國際貿易學系 84 The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of a sample of twenty-eight offshore funds between 1990 and 1995. Two types of model are used to evaluate the total performance and selectivity, market timing ability individually. The main findings are as follows： 1.Most of the offshore funds can''t outperform the market，no matter the total performance or selectivity , market timing ability. 2.On total performance and selectivity, results of every model are congruent. But on market timing, results are quite different. 3.The relationship between selectivity and market timing is a trade-off in term of Chang & Lewellen model. But we can''t find this relationship in term of Bhattacharya & Pfleiderer model. 4.When we employ Taiwan Index as the benchmark, the performance of are better by contrast to the World Index. It may be due to the benefit of international diversification and the better performance of offshore stock market.

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Wu, Cheng-Wei, and 吳晟瑋. "Constructing a Prediction Model for the Total Auction Sales of Flower Market in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78086990151490566792.

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碩士 國立交通大學 工業工程與管理系所 102 Auction is one of the commodity tradings. In Taiwan, there are many large auction markets which include fruit and vegetable market, hog market, fish market and flower market, etc. Although Taiwan only has five flower markets (namely, Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Changhua and Kaohsiung), the total sales at auction between 1990 and 2000 was as high as NT $ 10 billions. Taiwanese flower market has a great contribution to Taiwan's economic development. As long as the total auction sales of various types of flowers can be predicted accurately, government can effectively advise regional flower farmers to plant the right amount and right kind of flowers to increase the profit. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to use auction information collected from five Taiwanese flower markets in recent years to construct prediction models of the auction amount and average auction price for certain type of flower, respectively. Then, integrating the predicted values of these two models to obtain the predicted value of total yearly auction sales of a certain flower. In this study, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is utilized to predict the auction amount of a certain flower such as carnations. As festivals (such as Mother's Day) have great impact on the total auction sales of certain types of flowers, the festival day is utilized as an explanatory variable to construct the prediction model of flower average auction price using Decomposition method in time series analysis. Finally, the total auction sales of a certain flower is obtained by multiplying its predicted auction amount and predicted average auction price. The results of the proposed method can be utilized for other kind of flowers.

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WU, YEN-KUANG, and 吳彥廣. "Research on the Total Quality Management of the Cognition of Market Competitiveness in the Traditional Market－A Case Study of the First Public Retail Market in Taitung City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xsq5n4.

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碩士 國立臺東大學 區域政策與發展研究所 97 Traditional markets are facing strong pressure from modern stores, and this is affecting both their physical environment and the way they do business. Still, traditional markets offer consumers a communal atmosphere and culturally unique local products, important market aspects that can not be replaced. By applying more-innovative business ideas focused on consolidating and promoting the market around the unique characteristics of the local community, with its irreplaceable social, economic, and cultural values, traditional markets will be able to strengthen their viability and competitiveness. The objective of this study is to enhance the competitiveness of traditional markets by means of a Total Quality Management approach, which involves all aspects of a business, from the efficiency of management and organizational effectiveness to quality management and service quality based on theory, policy, and implementation. To achieve those objectives, this study will explore the value and significance of existing traditional markets by analyzing the current operational state, hardware conditions, self-governing organization, and management of the first public retail market in Taitung City. It is hoped that this study will provide future policy decision-makers with a valuable reference. This study, which presents Taitung City’s first public analysis of the local retail market, quantifies the application of behavioral science concepts through a variety of implementation-oriented data collection, analysis, and interpretation. A literature review was conducted to compile background data and to collect information on the Total Quality Management system. Local data were collected by using a questionnaire and through targeted research to understand the traditional type of market operation and business performance as well as the status of market development in Taitung City. Empirical research shed light on key conclusions summarized as follows: 1. This study found that, Total Quality Management cognitions are notable difference between trader’s age, trade show management years and business hours from the results of questionnaire investigation. The competition cognitions of traditional marketplace are also notable difference between sex, years, incomes, management years, business hours and types. 2. Total Quality Management cognitions and total traditional marketplace competency is positive correlation. Therefore, to promote trade shows Total Quality Management cognitions is contributive to improve total traditional marketplace competency. 3. Total Quality Management cognitive main factor of trade show is “quality and management efficiency”. Meaning, the traders’ efforts to change the quality and management efficiency will contribute to improve total traditional marketplace competency. Not only to solve traditional sells marketplace problems, but also to contribute management level, proceed to the next step to improve total traditional marketplace competency. Suggest below： 1. Short term plan: Provide goods information, popularize selling and promote viewing and emulation, practice educated training. 2. Middle term plan: Revising law and rules to fit present situation, practice guidance and teaching experiences effectively. 3. Long term plan: Reward popular investing, fix and renew marketplace, in order to create a high quality consuming environment.

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Tien, Yueh－Chin, and 田月枝. "The Effect of Market Competition on Health Care Expenses : A Study of Total Knee Replacement." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67305223227800364046.

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碩士 國立陽明大學 醫務管理研究所 88 National Health Insurance(NHI) has significant impact on hospitals,desicisions of acquiring high-tech and expensive facilities and instruments .Many hospitals have expanded their bed number to increase market share and economic of scale.To face competitive and changing environment, hospital managers must be able to couple with competition and know their hospital service area,so that they can make appropriate marketing strategy. The main purpose of the study is to use MapInfo to assist defining TKR market area in Taiwan,so that the effect of market competition on health care expenses can he assessed. Data used in this study were extracted from inpatient claim data for NHI during October 1996 to July 1998.The data include 9,744 TKR cases and regression techniques was applied to assess the effect of Case Payment competition、demographic and hospital characteristics on expenses of Total Knee Replacement.Results of this study indicate that: 1、 MapInfo together with Geopolitical Boundaries and Market Boundaries techniques are useful in defining twenty-five TKR markets in Taiwan. 2、 The competition among TKR hospitals will increase expenses of Total Knee Replacement. Results of this study suggest that Case Payment is not a single effect on expenses of TKR,other factors,such as competition,also has effect on expenses of TKR.

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Puenpatom, Tosmai. "Competitive strategies in Thai cellular telephone market." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43989546.html.

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Yao-Jyun, Chung, and 鍾曜駿. "The Influences and the Analysis of Total Patents, Total Citations, and Patent Scope upon the Market Value of the Semiconductor Industry in the United States." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80276311610913983165.

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碩士 國立臺北大學 企業管理學系 103 This study uses artificial neural networks to explore the influences of total patents, total citations, and patent scope upon market value of the semiconductor industry in the United States. The patent data are collected from United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and financial data are collected from the database of COMPUSTAT. The result shows that total patents, total citations, and patent scope have the similar effect upon corporate market value in the semiconductor companies in the United States. For example, they have positive effect before reaching the optimal point and have negative effect after reaching the optimal point. Therefore, this paper suggests the semiconductor companies in the United States should increase total patents and total citations, moderately enhance their patent scope, the technical superiority in the company to increase corporate market value.

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Wu, Fu-Fei, and 吳馥妃. "Business Plan of RockBook: A Total Solution Platform for Chinese Books Publishing in the U.S. Market." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82978u.

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碩士 國立交通大學 企業管理碩士學程 104 Compared to the Chinese Culture fever spread in different industries all over the world, to export Chinese popular fiction to overseas book markets is still an unexploited business in the Greater China Region. RockBook is a total solution platform, which combines translation and self-publishing services, to assist Chinese self-publishing writers entering the U.S. eBook market. It efficiently pools the right qualified translators for writers and shortens the time-consuming publishing process. The business plan inherits the generic model of information publishing (CAPDM model), and innovates a new business model to run the publishing operation.

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Cromer, Cory Taylor. "Knowledge nets: The role of total market orientation on firm performance and dynamic capabilities in network environments." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3302611.

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Firms realize that outside knowledge resources can help them with creation of new ideas and innovation that may not have been realized relying solely on their own internal resources (Cohen and Levinthal 1990). But knowledge is not completely transparent, and organizations may still feel guarded about openly sharing such a valuable resource. This has created an environment in which I have described in this dissertation as "Knowledge Nets". Within these knowledge nets, firms are able to connect through explicit, codified, pieces of knowledge of emerging technology, products, processes, methods, designs, and even unique business process operations. Finns can use these unique, defined pieces of knowledge in order to orient themselves to their customers as well as their competitors in the increasing network environments of "coopetition" (Luo, Slotegraaf, and Pan 2006). The marketing Literature has recognized Market Orientation as focal concept of a Firm s ability to internalize the marketing concept (Kohli and Jaworski 1990; Jaworski and Kohli 1993), and has promoted Market Orientation as a key to the successful introduction of innovative new products and services (Han, Kim and Srivastava 1998). Past studies of market orientation and new product performance have focused largely on behaviors associated with satisfying expressed needs of customers and markets (Day 1991, 1994; Kirca, Jayachandran, and Bearden 2005). More recently, research has introduced the concept of total market orientation (Narver, Mater, and MacLachlan 2000, 2004). Under this framework market orientation is comprised of two components, a reactive orientation focused on satisfying expressed customer needs and a proactive market orientation which focuses on the discovery and satisfaction of latent customer and market needs which have yet to be addressed. In this dissertation I extend the literature on market orientation by examining the impact of proactive and reactive market orientation on firms' dynamic capabilities and performance. The method I use introduces a new approach in marketing for measuring orientation based on patent awards, which are central to a firm s knowledge base, and act as a knowledge conduit that can be used for tracking technology shifts and changes in a network environments (DeCarolis 2003. Dutta and Weiss 1997). In addition, measuring both a reactive and proactive orientation of a firm provides an ability to test how a firms' total market orientation may be associated with developing a firm's dynamic capabilities that translate knowledge into learning and strategic actions (Eisenhardt and Martin 2000). Dynamic capabilities are an additional resource in which firms can use the type and strength of their market orientations for creating additional formal network ties for optimum firm performance. This dissertation examined the impact of market orientation in a network environment measured through the collection of realized patent activity over a five year period in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and chemical supply industries. Patent measures and computations were collected for all publicly held firms in this time period that met a minimum of innovation activity. I examined 54 different models that measure (1) the impact of reactive and proactive market orientation on a firm's ability to create dynamic capabilities and firm performance and (2) the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance. This study shows that the marketplace values a firm's proactive orientation, in terms of the market capitalization as well as their return on investment. The market capitalization of a firm is also influenced by the type and amount of external dynamic capabilities of a firm. One of the most prevalent significant relationships existed between the different measures of dynamic capabilities and the firm performance measure of market-to-book. In this study there were strong, significant relationships between market-to-book and research collaborations, alliance/partnerships, and joint marketing/sales. Market-to-book had a positive relationship with firms' creation of external activities and agreements with other firms, as well as the overall composite score of dynamic capabilities. In addition, smaller firms that may be focusing a great deal of their resources on developing radical new technology, do not have the resources to develop sufficient market and sales forces, resulting in joint marketing and sales agreements with firms who have the marketing structure currently in place to execute the distribution and sales of a new product as soon as it is approved. Although the mediating relationship of dynamic capabilities on market orientation and firm performance did not exist, the mixed results warrant further exploration of this potential causal relationship between the three constructs. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Jooste, Sandra. "The relationship between debt levels and total shareholder return of JSE-listed platinum companies / Sandra Jooste." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15305.

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Investors make investment decisions based on their risk appetite. Furthermore, when such investors consider shares as part of their investment portfolio, these investors will consider the risk profile of the company it is interested in. By taking on a certain level of risk, shareholders expect to be commensurately compensated. Shareholders of companies with relatively higher debt levels in their capital structure and therefore higher financial risk, require a relatively higher return on their investment in order to compensate for such additional risk taken. Shareholders expect return in the form of dividend pay-outs, and capital growth in the share price. A positive correlation is therefore expected between the debt levels of a company and the total return to their shareholders, i.e. the sum of the dividend pay-outs and the capital growth in the share price, also referred to as total shareholder return (TSR). The focus of this study is on the platinum industry in South Africa, as this industry is vital to the South African economy in terms of job creation and earner of foreign exchange as South Africa dominates the world production of platinum. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a correlation between the debt levels and the total shareholder return (TSR) of platinum companies listed on the JSE Ltd. Quantitative research techniques were used to address the research problem, making use of secondary data and rank correlation-based research. Firstly, the debt-to-equity ratio for each company was calculated based on book values. Secondly, the TSR of each company was calculated considering the dividends received and capital growth in share price. The correlation between the TSR and the debt-to-equity ratio was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results were inconclusive, i.e. no, negative and positive relationships where the relationship is for the first 12 years not significant and for the last two years significant. Therefore the final conclusion is that this study is inconclusive to support or to reject the conceptual scope of the study in that risk is concomitant to return, i.e. returns compensate for risks, therefore higher debt levels require higher total shareholder returns (and vice versa). This study contributes to the literature on capital structure decisions from a South African platinum company perspective. The core audience will be the management of South African platinum companies considering changes in their capital structure as well as investors considering investing into a listed platinum company. MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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Huang, Yi-Hua, and 黃怡華. "The Influences of Number of inventors, Total Patents , and RTA upon the Market Value of the American Pharmaceutical Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4hkyg6.

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碩士 國立臺北大學 企業管理學系 103 This paper explores the influence of number of inventors, patent scope, and activity year of patent upon the corporate performance. The patent data are collected from United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO), and financial data are collected from the database of COMPUSTAT. This study uses patent analysis to explore the corporate performance of the American Pharmaceutical industry by use of artificial neural network(ANN). Besides, we find that number of inventors has a positive effect on market value of the American Pharmaceutical Industry, while total patents also have positive effect on it. We find that the RTA has inverse U-shaped influences upon corporate market value. Therefore, we suggest the American pharmaceutical companies should enhance their patent scope in order to increase their profitability.

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Hsu, Pei-Lung, and 許丕榮. "The Study of Foreign Exchange and Total Market Risk for Taiwan Life Insurance Companies under The Foreign Exchange Reserve." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87265383014799725812.

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碩士 東吳大學 財務工程與精算數學系 100 Facing the negative spread between investment return and the assumed interest rate, life insurance companies in Taiwan have to invest overseas actively. But under the accounting rules, there is massive foreign exchange risk. The study analyze the risk structure of income statement and balance sheet under the current accounting framework and operation environment. Since March 2012, the implementation of foreign exchange reserve system had changed the foreign exchange risk of the life insurance industry. The study analyze the impact of foreign exchange risk itself and its effect on the whole risk profile. The study concludes two proposals.The first is, because the volatility of hedging instrument is more than the underlying, the hedge are inefficient when the hedge ratio is above 90% under normal market and 80% in extreme condition. The second is, since the existence of significant negative correlation between Taiwan stock market and the exchange of US Dollars against Taiwan Dollars under the current market structure, we can use stock market to hedge foreign exchange risk. The risk management of foreign exchange should not only focus on the volatility of currency itself but also take a macro view of total portfolio.

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YI, CHIA-YUN, and 易加云. "The Impact of Construction Costs, Stock Market Conditions and Total Economic Variables on the Price/Rent ratio in Taipei City." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bda742.

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碩士 佛光大學 應用經濟學系 106 This study explores the impact of Taipei City's home loan interest rates, stock prices, economic growth rates, and Construction Cost index rate of changes from the first quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2017. Correlativity research on four variables and rent multiplier. Relevance has been studied and consolidated, and based on the Vector Error Correction Model, the long-term relationship between variables has been observed through a unit root test and cointegration approach. The empirical results show that the increase in mortgage interest rate will cause the rent multiplier to fall, so it is obvious that the impact of the increase in mortgage interest rate on the real estate market is higher than the rental market, and the construction project price index will increase, which will cause the real estate market to suffer a negative impact. The stock market and economic growth rate are significantly correlated and positively affecting the effect, indicating that the increase of the two variables will increase the rent multiplier, and the country's economic development can improve the income and living standards of the Chinese people, allowing funds to be transferred to the real estate market. To promote the development of all walks of life. In order to avoid abnormal fluctuations in housing prices and rent multipliers caused by improper speculation in the real estate market, the government can try to increase the real estate tax rate, the government's policy variables to control economic growth, improve investment demand, and review and improve the property tax system. The quality of living in the rental market, in addition to the purchase of housing concessions, can consider the feasibility of rent subsidies, so that renters can get better care.

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Μαγεράκης, Ευστάθιος. "Cash holdings and firm characteristics : evidence from UK market." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8739.

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This thesis investigates the determinants of UK corporate cash holdings between 1980 and 2012. The global and long term phenomenon of corporate cash pilling has drawn significant attention from researchers. Similarly, this study aims at shedding light on the empirical relationship between cash holding and specific firm characteristics. Our preliminary research incorporates a comprehensive literature review. Towards this end, the relevant financial theory is presented and the previous empirical studies are highlighted. Afterwards, the expected results of our research are synthesized into a set of distinct hypotheses and tested with regression analysis. The empirical findings suggest that cash holdings are positively related to investment opportunity, as R&D and market to book ratio. Cash ratio is also positively related to industry cash flow volatility and negatively affected by cash flow, net working capital, capital expenditures, leverage, tax expenses, age and size. Regarding the development of the determinants of cash holdings, the study indicates that three major variables influenced cash holdings over the years of analysis. In particular, leverage, tax regime and capital expenditures significantly affect the corporate liquidity in UK market. Furthermore, the results suggest that cash holdings are mostly defined by trade off theory. Indeed, our findings offer stimulating insights on the factors that determine the firms’ cash holdings during the past three decades. These findings may be beneficial for financial managers, investors and consultants. Στην παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζονται οι προσδιοριστικοί παράγοντες του δείκτη μετρητών σε επιχειρήσεις του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου μεταξύ των ετών 1980 και 2012. Η διακράτηση μετρητών αποτελεί παγκόσμιο φαινόμενο και λαμβάνει της ανάλογης προσοχής από πληθώρα ερευνητών. Σε αυτή τη βάση, η μελέτη αυτή έχει ως στόχο να ρίξει φως σχετικά με την εμπειρική σχέση μεταξύ του δείκτη μετρητών και τα συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά που επηρεάζουν την ρευστότητα στις επιχειρήσεις διαχρονικά. Αρχικά η έρευνα ενσωματώνει μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση. Προς το σκοπό αυτό, οι σχετικές οικονομικές θεωρίες και οι προηγούμενες εμπειρικές μελέτες παρουσιάζονται. Στη συνέχεια, τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συντίθενται σε ένα σύνολο διακριτών υποθέσεων και δοκιμάζονται με ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης. Τα εμπειρικά ευρήματα υποδηλώνουν ότι ο δείκτης μετρητών σχετίζεται θετικά με τις επενδυτικές ευκαιρίες, τις δαπάνες Ε&Α και τον λόγο της αγοραίας προς τη λογιστική αξία των βιβλίων της επιχείρησης. Ο δείκτης μετρητών επίσης, σχετίζεται θετικά με την μεταβλητότητα των ταμειακών ροών του κλάδου και επηρεάζεται αρνητικά από τις ταμειακές ροές, το καθαρό κεφάλαιο κίνησης, τις κεφαλαιακές δαπάνες, την μόχλευση, τα φορολογικά έξοδα, την ηλικία και το μέγεθος των επιχειρήσεων. Όσον αφορά την εξέλιξη των προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων των ταμειακών ρευστών διαθεσίμων, η μελέτη δείχνει ότι τρεις είναι οι κύριες μεταβλητές που επηρεάζουν τη διακράτηση μετρητών κατά τη διάρκεια των χρόνων της ανάλυσης. Ειδικότερα, η μόχλευση, το φορολογικό καθεστώς και τις κεφαλαιακές δαπάνες επηρεάΖουν σημαντικά την απόφαση για εταιρική ρευστότητα στην αγορά του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η διακράτηση μετρητών ακολουθεί κυρίως την trade off θεωρία. Πράγματι, τα ευρήματά προσφέρουν χρήσιμες γνώσεις σχετικά με τους παράγοντες που καθορίζουν τη διακράτηση μετρητών των επιχειρήσεων κατά τη διάρκεια των τριών τελευταίων δεκαετιών. Τα ευρήματα αυτά μπορεί να είναι επωφελή για οικονομολόγους, επενδυτές και συμβούλους.

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Huber, Lukas. "Superfood in Austria : analysis of customer perception and market dynamics in Austrian retail, using the example of the Avocado." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25356.

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The purpose of this thesis is the academic study of customer perceptions of the avocado and buying behavior in the Austrian retail market. By using the framework of the Total Food Quality Model (Brunsø et al, 2002), perceptional aspects like search attributes, experience attributes, credence attributes, beliefs and familiarity, but also social and socio demographic aspects were analyzed. Results from collected quantitative and qualitative data show overlaps but also significant differences from conventional literature and market studies from similar markets. Furthermore, results show important aspects to consider for retail and connecting factors for future research. A tese que se apresenta tem como objetivo o estudo das perceções do cliente sobre o abacate e qual o comportamento de compra no comércio de retalho Austríaco. Analisaram-se, com base no Modelo de Qualidade Alimentar Total (Total Food Quality Model), aspetos percetuais tais como, atributos de procura, de experiência, de credibilidade, de convicção, familiaridade, assim como aspetos sociodemográficos. Com recurso a técnicas de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, obtiveram-se resultados que, apesar de indicarem existência de algumas sobreposições, mostram diferenças significativas relativamente à literatura e estudos de mercados existentes sobre mercados semelhantes. Conclui-se que os resultados obtidos expõem aspetos importantes a ter em conta no mercado de retalho, gerando ainda alguns fatores a considerar para investigações futuras.

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Monteiro, Gustavo Alexandre Rodrigues. "The effects of product market reforms In Portugal: a more productive, more efficient and more resilient economy?" Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22219.

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This paper assesses the short-term impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on a firm level database for the period 2004-2014 covering all Portuguese firms, we show that the most productive firms (those at the sectoral technological frontier) grasp short-run benefits from these reforms, which are then spread to all other firms via spillover mechanisms. In addition, reforms potentiate the exit of the least productive firms, improving the resource allocation in the economy. Finally, we show that the adoption of product market reforms in upstream sectors leads to a more resilient economy, better equipped to face adverse shocks.

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YOU, JIA-YUN, and 游家昀. "Study on the Use of PER, Revenue Growth Rate, ROE and Total Liabilities to Select Stocks and Analyze Them in Order to Improve Investment Performance in the Stock Market." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/emcnm9.

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碩士 國立臺北教育大學 數學暨資訊教育學系碩士班 107 This study attempts to conduct stock selection strategies in different combinations by using the four conditions of PER, Revenue growth rate, ROE, and Total liabilities from the perspective of beginner investors, and use the screening results to match the entry and exit strategy to analyze whether it can improve investment performance. I hope that I can construct a set of directions that can be used by beginner investors when they invest. The experimental results show that companies that use the basic stock selection screen have a higher winning rate than all listed companies； After matching the entry and exit strategies, the results of positive rewards can occur.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Total Market'

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