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Journal articles on the topic 'Total mix ration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Meng, Kaifei Wang, Baoqin Wen, et al. "Design and Testing of Segmented Spiral Total Mix Ration Mixer." Processes 11, no. 11 (2023): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11113124.

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To address the challenges of non-uniform mixing in total mixed diet forage and the high power consumption of the required device, we developed a segmented spiral total mixed diet device. This development involved theoretical analysis to determine the structural parameters of the main body of the segmented spiral blades, the churn, and the creation of a test bed for the segmented spiral total mixed diet device. Taking mixing speed, mixing time, filling coefficient, and segmented spiral blade spacing as test factors and mixing uniformity and energy consumption per unit mass as test indexes, the

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Gupta, Lokesh. "Evaluation of total mix ration with different proportions of roughages in draught camels." Journal of Camel Practice and Research 27, no. 3 (2020): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2020.00044.2.

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González, Félix Hilario Diaz, Diego Martínez Del Olmo, Rodrigo Muiño, et al. "Feed sorting and intake affected by the physical form and composition of the total mixed ration in dairy cows." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 16, no. 3 (2015): 736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402015000300023.

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AbstractThis study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180

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Ferreira, Robson, Vinicius Vaz, Edmilson Domingues, Mateus P. Gionbelli, Daniel R. Casagrande, and Thiago Bernardes. "PSIX-22 Performance, Digestibility, and Blood Parameters in Pregnant Beef Cows Fed Total Mixed Ration Silages." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (2023): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.508.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two total mixed ration (TMR) silages (low and high rumen undegradable protein; RUP) on digestibility, blood parameters, and performance in pregnant beef cows. Thirty-three mid-gestation (~130 d of gestation) Tabapua beef cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) a TMR silage containing Brachiaria grass, soybean hulls, urea, and mineral mix (low RUP; n = 16) or 2) a TMR silage containing Brachiaria grass, DDG, and mineral mix (high RUP; n = 17). The concentration of A1 fraction was, on average, 12.9% and 34.0% of N in l

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Gao, Yuan, Wurilege Wei, Feng Tian, et al. "Corn Straw Total Mix Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus Subtilis-Enhanced Growth Performance of Lambs by Favorably Modulating Rumen Bacterial Microbiome." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010032.

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In this experiment, B. subtilis was added to pelletized straw-based total mixed ration, and the rumen microbial diversity of house-fed Duhan hybrid sheep was compared. Ten 3-month-old weaned Duhan hybrid lambs were separated into two groups and fattened for 80 days using a single-factor trial design. During the fattening period, the control and the experiment groups were fed with the same ration, except that the experiment group was supplemented with B. subtilis. The results showed that the addition of B. subtilis could significantly increase the daily weight gain, total weight gain, rumen mic

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Njoku, C. P., A. O. Fasakin, T. R. Ayano, et al. "Growth response and cost benefits of growing pigs to different herbal-mix feed additives and weight asymmetry." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 5 (2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i5.304.

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This study was carried out to investigate growth performance and cost benefits of growing pigs on different herbal-mix feed additives and weight asymmetry. Fifty-four, 8 weeks old Large White breed of pigs with an average body weight of 15.33±0.2 kg were randomly assigned to nine treatments with each treatment consisting of three replicates of two pigs each. Three diets containing different herbal-mix (Control diet without herbal-mix, moringa-basil meal diet, neem-basil meal diet) were formulated and fed to the pigs for sixteen weeks duration of the study. The moringa-basil and neem-basil leaf

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Maskaľová, Iveta, Vladimír Vajda, and Lukáš Bujňák. "2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 4 (2014): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483040355.

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different types of available nutrients of total mix rations on fermentation and synthesis capacities of the rumen in Holstein dairy cows divided into groups in the transition period (± 3 weeks after parturition) and early lactation (60–80 days in milk). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. Results obtained with feeding Diet C (high concentration of available nutrients) to dairy cows confirmed a significant increase in 2,6-diaminopimelic acid from the initial mean 2.2 μg/ml at 21 days before calving to 6.2 μg/ml (P < 0.01) at 21 d

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Ezenwosu, Celestine, Mercy Chinasa Ogala, and Oluchi Blessing Ezeugwu. "Impact of kaolin on growth performance, haematological and some serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens." Applied Veterinary Research 2, no. 3 (2023): 2023013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023014.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of kaolin on the growth performance, haematological indices and some serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 261 ‘Anak strain’ mix sexed of day-old chicks of broiler chickens at two weeks of age were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. Dietary treatments at both the starter phase at 14 days old up to 28 days old age and treatment at the finisher phase at 28 days old up to 56 days old age included:0 g/kg ration, 5 g/kg ration, 10 g/kg ration and 15

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9

Sariri, A. K., K. Kustantinah, Z. Bachruddin, and C. Hanim. "Feasibility of use of total mixed ration feed containing fermented trembesi leaves." BIS Health and Environmental Science 1 (October 20, 2024): V124014. https://doi.org/10.31603/bishes.25.

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This study aims to determine the level of fermented trembesi leaves in the Total Mixed Ratio (TMR) ration that can be given to ruminants. This research will be carried out at the Animal Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Feed Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Gadjah Mada University for 5 months, from June 2022 to November 2022. This study determines the digestibility of forage using in vitro gas production measurements using the Menke and Steingass method with PEG administration. There are 8 treatment levels of adding tamarind leaves in TMR, namely T0 = TMR without fermented t

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Syamsi, Afduha Nurus, and Merryafinola Ifani. "Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Protein-Energy Synchronization Index-Based Ration: an In Vitro Study." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 28, no. 1 (2023): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v28i1.3091.

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The study examined the effect of protein-energy synchronization (PES) index-based rations on the rumen fermentation profile. The material used was the Jawa Randu goat's rumen fluid, collected soon after the goat was slaughtered. The treatment ration consisted of elephant grass, lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), coconut meal, tofu waste, bran, cassava waste, and mineral mix arranged based on the PES index of each feed ingredient. The research was conducted in vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment consisted of 4 PES indexes, namely 0.55 (R1); 0.6 (R2); 0.65 (R3); 0.7 (R4

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La Terra, Stefania, Vita Maria Marino, Mario Manenti, Giuseppe Licitra, and Stefania Carpino. "Increasing pasture intakes enhances polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipophilic antioxidants in plasma and milk of dairy cows fed total mix ration." Dairy Science & Technology 90, no. 6 (2010): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dst/2010100.

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12

LUNAGARIYA, PRAVIN M., SHAILESH V SHAH, YOGESH G PATEL, and KISHAN N WADHWANI. "Effect of feeding bypass fat on production, reproduction, feed and economic efficiency of dairy cows." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 7 (2022): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i7.113959.

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The dairy cows experience negative energy balance during early lactation and feeding Bypass fat in ration can produce higher milk yield, improved reproduction with better economics. An experiment was planned to evaluate feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with Bypass fat @ 100 g/day to dairy animals for -21 to 120 days of calving. Total sixteen animals were divided to control and Bypass fat group having eight animals in each. The effect on production, reproduction and economics was evaluated for 21 biweekly periods and for 300 days of lactation. The feeding total mix ration (TMR)

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Šípalová, Markéta, Oto Hanuš, František Buňka, Jan Pozdíšek, Vladimír Mrkvička, and Stanislav Kráčmar. "The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows’ milk." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 5 (2010): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050369.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows´ milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The sampl

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Kumar, Nirmal, K. S. Suhag, Shiv Kumar, Jagdish Kumar, and Khyali Ram Chaudhary. "Resource use efficiency of cattle and buffalo milk production in Haryana." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, no. 8 (2012): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v82i8.23042.

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This paper is an attempt to estimate the resource use efficiency of cattle and buffalo milk production in Haryana. Hisar and Karnal districts were selected for collection of the primary data of a total sample size of 200 farmers pertaining to year 2007–08. Human labour was optimally utilized in buffalo milk production in Karnal but underutilized in Hisar. Human labour was underutilized in crossbred cows in Karnal. The technology in form of cressbred cows discerned not only scope of additional milk production with appropriate mix of green fodder and concentrates inputs in feed ration but also p

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Grešáková, Ľubomíra, Katarína Tokarčíková, and Klaudia Čobanová. "Bioavailability of Dietary Zinc Sources and Their Effect on Mineral and Antioxidant Status in Lambs." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (2021): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111093.

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This study investigated the relative bioavailability (RBV) of zinc from different sources used as feed additives in ruminant nutrition based on Zn concentration and the activity of Zn-dependent enzymes in lamb tissues. Thirty-two male lambs of Improved Valachian breed (three months old) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. For 120 days, the lambs were fed either the total mix ration (TMR) providing 29.6 mg Zn/kg or the TMR supplemented with either zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), zinc chelate of glycine hydrate (ZnGly), or zinc chelate of protein hydrolysate (ZnProt). The supplemented diet

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Phipps, Kendra P., Deidre D. Harmon, Matt H. Poore, et al. "185 Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.021.

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Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate craft brewing side streams of trub, hops and yeast mix (THYM) as a potential feedstuff and replacement for monensin in growing beef cattle rations. British-cross steers (n = 45, initial BW = 732 ± 58kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 pens (3 head/pen). Treatment diets were randomly assigned to pen and consisted of a corn silage based total mixed ration (TMR) with no supplementation (CON; 70.99% TDN, 12.25% CP), supplementation with monensin (MON; 22g/907kg ration, dry matter basis) or supplementation with the bre

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Phipps, Kendra P., Deidre D. Harmon, Matt H. Poore, et al. "186 Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.115.

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Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate craft brewing side streams of trub, hops and yeast mix (THYM) as a potential feedstuff and replacement for monensin in growing beef cattle rations. British-cross steers (n = 45, initial BW = 732 ± 58kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 pens (3 head/pen). Treatment diets were randomly assigned to pen and consisted of a corn silage based total mixed ration (TMR) with no supplementation (CON; 70.99% TDN, 12.25% CP), supplementation with monensin (MON; 22g/907kg ration, dry matter basis) or supplementation with the bre

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18

Ho, C. K. M., W. J. Wales, M. J. Auldist, and B. Malcolm. "Evaluating the economics of short-term partial mixed ration feeding decisions for dairy cows." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17769.

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Recent research in Australia has measured the marginal milk production responses of cows grazing perennial-based pastures to supplements offered as a partial mixed ration (PMR). In the present study, the milk responses to PMR feeding developed under a restricted pasture allowance were used to examine the contribution to farm profit of decisions about short-term feeding (weekly, monthly). A short-term, or tactical, decision was considered to be one where the infrastructure and equipment needed to mix and feed out a formulated ration were already available. The decision was, therefore, the choic

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Njoku, C. P., O. M. Sogunle, O. A. Adeyemi, O. T. Irekhore, O. O. Mobolaji, and O. R. Ayano. "Influence of Different Herbal-Mix Feed Additives on Serological Parameters, Tibia Bone Characteristics and Gut Morphology of Growing Pigs." Folia Veterinaria 65, no. 1 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2021-0002.

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Abstract A sixteen-week study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different herbal-mix feed additives (Moringa, Basil and Neem) on serological parameters, tibia bone characteristics and gut morphology of growing pigs. Eighty-one Large White breed of pigs with a mean weight of 15.35 ± 1.07 were grouped on weight equalization basis into three treatments with 9 replicates per treatment and 3 pigs per replicate in a completely randomized design. Pigs on treatment 1 were fed a ration without integration of herbal-mix feed additives, those in treatments 2 and 3 were offered a diet

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Amadi E., Nkama. "Glassphalt Concrete Production Using Stone Dust as a Filler through Trial Mix Design." International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering 3, no. 4 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijare.2017.3.4.01.

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Various studies have shown that waste glass has been crushed and screen and can serve as an alternative replacement of fines and coarse aggregate when mixed with Bitumen to form a glassphalt concrete which can be used in landscaping or non-load bearing walls in a building. This researched work was intended to compare and analyze the hot mix glassphalt (HMG) and the strength of asphalt concrete using trial mix design through investigative of their performances. The mineral fillers with different percentage by total weight of the mixture used in the study were crushed igneous rock that passes fr

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de Vitte, Kristina, Sigita Kerzienė, Jolita Klementavičiūtė, et al. "Effect of restricted grazing or feeding with total mix ration environments on the properties of milk quantity and quality from dairy cows of different genotypes." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 109, no. 2 (2022): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.024.

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Tuyen, D. V., X. M. Tolosa, D. P. Poppi, and S. R. McLennan. "Effect of varying the proportion of molasses in the diet on intake, digestion and microbial protein production by steers." Animal Production Science 55, no. 1 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13225.

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The present experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen and intake by cattle fed high-molasses diets. Intake and microbial crude protein (MCP) production were measured along with the concentration of rumen ammonia-nitrogen (N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and the rate of digestion of roughage in the rumen. Eight Brahman crossbred steers weighing 211 ± 19.3 (± s.d.) kg were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. Steers were allocated to one of four total mixed rations: control (pangola hay only), 25M (25% molasses/urea mix + 75% h

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Evangelista, Chiara, Umberto Bernabucci, and Loredana Basiricò. "Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Milk Yield and Quality in Italian Mediterranean Lactating Buffaloes." Animals 12, no. 15 (2022): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151903.

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Buffaloes are raised mainly to obtain milk that is nutritionally very rich. The technological characteristics of buffalo milk are optimal for processing into cheese, and it is mainly used to produce mozzarella cheese. Under stressful conditions, buffaloes, like other animals, produce milk qualitatively poorly. The stressors that can affect the quality of production are, in addition to other factors, deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the quality of buffalo milk. Sixty-six buffaloes wer

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SHELFORD, J. A., and R. M. TAIT. "COMPARISON OF DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES FROM RYE AND CORN IN PRODUCTION AND DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS WITH LACTATING COWS AND SHEEP." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 4 (1986): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-110.

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Dehydrated rye distillers grains with solubles or corn distillers grains with solubles were incorporated into dairy concentrate mixes at the level of 15%. These concentrates were then fed along with alfalfa cubes in a 50/50 mix (as-fed basis) to 18 lactating dairy cows in a two 6-wk period change over design. Feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and body weight change data indicated no difference between types of distillers grains. Total collection digestibility studies conducted during the last week of each period with six animals per treatment indicated no difference between the type of

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Zulfan, Zulfan Zulfan, Muhammad Daud, Herawati Latif, Novia Khairunnisa, and Tantri Anggraini. "Evaluating the Use of Marlin Fish (Istiompax indica) By-product Meal in the Ration on Carcass and Organ Yields of Broiler Chickens." Buletin Peternakan 48, no. 3 (2024): 207. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v48i3.92435.

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This study aimed to examine the effect of marlin fish (Istiompax indica) byproduct meal (MFBM) mixed with some other feed ingredients such as yellow corn (YC), rice bran (RB), broken rice (BR), and top mix (TM) as a mixture feed (MF) in replacement fractionally a commercial ration (CR) on carcasses and organs of broiler chickens. As a comparison, commercial local fish meal (CLFM) was used instead of MFBM in the MF. A total of 100 DOCs, strain MB 202, were raised for 35 days of age to feed the experimental rations. The experimental rations were: CR= 100% CP511/512 (control), MFBM4= 80% CP511/51

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Abdelrahman, Mutassim M., Ibrahim A. Alhidary, Abdulkareem M. Matar, et al. "Effect of Total Mixed Ratio (TMR) Supplementation on Milk Nutritive Value and Mineral Status of Female Camels and Their Calves (Camelus dromedarius) Raised under Semi Intensive System during Winter." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111855.

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This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional values of female camels’ milk and the minerals status, for them and their calves, when fed a total mixed ration (TMR) beside alfalfa hay during winter. Thirty-seven lactating multiparous female camels and their calves were selected at mid-lactation in the Al-Kharj region. Group one was fed only alfalfa hay ad libitum (C) and group two was supplemented with a total mixed ratio (TMR ; 4 kg/head/day), primarily containing a mix of barley grain, wheat feed, palm kernel cake, soya hulls, vitamins and minerals. Milk and blood samples were colle

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Iqbal, Zahid, Muhammad A. Rashid, Talat N. Pasha, and Jalees Ahmed. "Effects of Physical Forms of Total Mixed Rations on Intake, Weaning Age, Growth Performance, and Blood Metabolites of Crossbred Dairy Calves." Animals 9, no. 8 (2019): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080495.

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This study evaluated the effects of hay-based total mix ration (TMR) in pelleted or unpelleted form on intake, weaning age, performance parameters, blood metabolites, and cost-effectiveness in crossbred dairy calves during the preweaning period under hot climatic conditions. Thirty calves (4 ± 1 days (d) old), were assigned to one of the three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments assigned were: (1) conventional calf starter (CCS); without hay (2) TMR containing 85% calf starter and 15% chopped oat hay (OH) and (3) pelleted TMR (PTMR) containing 85% calf starter

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D’Aurea, Andre Pastori, Guillaume Desrousseaux, Natalia Vilas Boas Fonseca, Lauriston Bertelli Fernandes, and Rodrigo Tozetto. "PSIII-15 Effect of a neuro-sensory additive on behaviour and growth of feedlot finishing beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.386.

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Abstract Combining natural additives with specific and selected neuro-sensory molecules is a possible solution to manage stress in feedlot beef cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the combination of a neuro-sensory additive (VeO) with a mix of natural additives (Fator P, Premix, Brazil) on behavior and performance. This study was conducted from May to August in the Premix Research Center, Patrocínio Paulista, Brazil. Fator P is made up of amino acids, organic minerals, probiotics, essential fatty acids and surfactant. VeO is based on a specific extract from Rutacea family. 80 Ne

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Sommart, K., M. Wanapat, P. Rowlinson, and D. S. Parker. "The effects of nonstructural carbohydrate and dietary protein on feed intake, ruminal fermentation and cows performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595386.

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Providing high levels of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in ruminant diets tends to change fermentation lowering rumen pH and reduce milk fat content. Balancing readily available N and energy-yielding carbohydrate may enhance microbial growth rate, alter fermentation and fibre digestion in the rumen, which subsequently may have an impact on nutrient supply to host animal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the effects of dietary nonstructural carbohydrate and protein level on intake, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows using cassava as main energy source.Fort

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Kumar, Leevesh, Sitesh Singh, Woyesa Ararsa, Dumesa Gudissa, and Jifara Chimdi. "A STUDY ON CONCRETE CONTAINING THE SANDSTONE SLURRY AND FLY ASH PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH SAND AND CEMENT." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2023): 010242(1–8). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-04-e0927.

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Now a day’s the waste is produced in immense amounts during construction and coal burning, this study mainly focused on the utilization of sandstone slurry produced during sandstone cutting and Class-F fly ash produced by coal-burning. In this study a deep analysis is taken after 28 days’ testing, six concrete mixes were prepared one is conventional as M20, and trial mix batches are a total of five, three specimens were taken from each concrete mix separately to determine the engineering properties of the prepared specimen. Fly ash partly replaced with the cement in % of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25% and

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Urip Pambudi Sujarnoko, Tekad, Martin Saputra Lim, Dwi Budiono, et al. "The Effect of Temulawak (Curcuma xhantorrhiza) Dose on Tofu Dreg Plus Complete Feed Silage With Methane Relative Mitigation: In-Vitro." E3S Web of Conferences 454 (2023): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345402010.

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Temulawak is an antimicrobial herb that can preserve the proteins in the feed from deamination and decay during the silage period. Tofu dregs are a feed ingredient that is difficult to preserve because they have high water content and protein. Temulawak powder may decrease deamination during the silage process because it has the ability as an antimicrobe and protein binder. Temulawak can reduce methane emissions by diminishing the number of protozoa that serve as hosts for methanogenic archaea. Temulawak with a harvest age of 3 months after planting, then dried at 65°C to constant weight, grou

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Rocha Filho, Rubem R., Djalma C. Santos, Antonia S. C. Véras, et al. "Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck)—The Best Forage Cactus Genotype for Feeding Lactating Dairy Cows in Semiarid Regions." Animals 11, no. 6 (2021): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061774.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield (MY) and composition, milk fatty acids profile, and microbial protein synthesis caused by feeding lactating dairy cows four different forage cactus genotypes. Eight Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein × 3/8 Gyr), weighing 490 ± 69.0 kg (means ± standard deviation), and producing 15.5 ± 1.0 kg/d of milk during pretrial were distributed to two contemporaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The cows were fed a total mixed ration composed of sorghum silage (385 g/kg of dry matter (DM)), concentrated mix (175 g/kg DM), and

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Sumadja, Wiwaha Anas, A. Azis, and C. A. Damayanti. "PALM OIL REPLACEMENT BY KEPAYANG OIL (Pangium edule Reinw) IN DIETS ON THE QUAIL GROWTH PERFORMANCES." Wahana Peternakan 7, no. 3 (2023): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v7i3.1011.

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ABSTRACT Currently, the utilization of palm oil as a feed ingredient competes with human needs; thus, we must explore new sources of oil that may be used as alternative feed. Kepayang oil is a new form of feed oil due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, which helps in quail growth. The goal of this investigation is to see how replacing palm oil in rations with kepayang oil affects quail growth. The study used 200 female quail 21 days old, kepayang oil, commercial palm oil, mineral mix, maize meal, fish meal, bran, soy cake, lysine, methionine, and 20 units of the quail's cage "batt

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Buckhaus, Elizabeth M., Dathan T. Smerchek, and Zachary K. Smith. "Evaluation of batch fraction, corn silage inclusion level, and mixing duration on long particle distribution of finishing diets for beef cattle." F1000Research 9 (September 2, 2020): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25981.1.

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Background: Differing fractions of a batch of feed, differing ingredient characteristics, and inadequate mix time can lead to non-uniformity within a mix of feed. Methods: The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with seven replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) batch fraction (BF; n = 5); 2) corn silage inclusion level (CSLVL; n = 2) 15% or 30% inclusion (dry matter basis); and 3) mixing duration (DR; n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using a binomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separa

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Alabi, Joel O., Peter A. Dele, Deborah O. Okedoyin, et al. "Synergistic Effects of Essential Oil Blends and Fumaric Acid on Ruminal Fermentation, Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC)." Fermentation 10, no. 2 (2024): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10020114.

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This study investigated the combined impact of essential oil blends (EOBs) and fumaric acid (FA) on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. Three rumen-cannulated, non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows served as inoculum donors. The substrate, a total mixed ration (TMR), comprised corn silage, alfalfa hay, and a concentrate mix in a 3:1:1 ratio. The four treatments evaluated were Control (TMR without additives), EFA1 (TMR + EOB1 + FA), EFA2 (TMR + EOB2 + FA), and EFA3 (TMR + EOB3 + FA). Sixteen fermentation chambers were randomly assigned to the

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Suswoyo, Imam, Elly Tugiyanti, and Ismoyowati. "Study on Heat Stress Behavior and Blood H/L Ratio of Ducks Fed Diets Containing Mix Strains of Probiotics in Commercial Farms." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (2023): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).51.

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An experiment has been conducted with the purpose of examining the effect of two kinds of probiotic on the behavior and blood H/L ratio of local ducks kept in commercial farms. The study was conducted in collaboration with the ‘Berkah Abadi’ duck farmer group which keeps the bird under an intensive dry system. The intensive system refers to the ordinary way done by the farmers in which ducks were confined around the farmer’s village with a closed fence so the birds had no access to the outside area, and the amount of feed provided could be controlled and measured. The location was in the coast

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Imam, Suswoyo, Tugiyanti Elly, and Ismoyowati. "Study on Heat Stress Behavior and Blood H/L Ratio of Ducks Fed Diets Containing Mix Strains of Probiotics in Commercial Farms." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (2023): 511–17. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).51.

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An experiment has been conducted with the purpose of examining the effect of two kinds of probiotic on the behavior and blood H/L ratio of local ducks kept in commercial farms. The study was conducted in collaboration with the ‘Berkah Abadi’ duck farmer group which keeps the bird under an intensive dry system. The intensive system refers to the ordinary way done by the farmers in which ducks were confined around the farmer’s village with a closed fence so the birds had no access to the outside area, and the amount of feed provided could be controlled and measured. The locatio

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Lazarus, Edwin J., and Emma D. Wie Lawa. "PENGGANTIAN BUNGKIL KEDELAI DENGAN PRODUK GELATINISASI CAMPURAN JAGUNG GILING-UREA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP METABOLISME NITROGEN KAMBING KACANG (Replacement of soybean meal with gelatinized corn-urea mix in ration on nitrogen metabolism of kacang goats)." JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN 7, no. 2 (2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v7i2.3175.

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate replacement of soybean meal with corn mixed urea gelatinize product in concentrate as supplement of goats that supress nitrogen excretion and increase N metabolism. Sixteen Kacang goats (12.839±0.49 kg of live weight) were used in Completely randomized design with four treatments and four replication. The animals were randomly allocated to receive one of the following experiment diets Gliricidia + concentrate with ratio of soybean meal and product of gelatinize mixed corn-urea that: 1) 100:0 (P0), 2) 75:25 (P1), 3) 50:50 (P2) and 4) 25:75 (P3).

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Freetly, Harvey C., Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry, Andrew P. Foote, Sarah Bennett, and Jim E. Wells. "192 Abundance of rumen methanogens did not differ in cattle that differed in residual feed intake." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.274.

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Abstract Methane represents an energetic loss, and it has been proposed that its reduction may be associated with improved feed efficiency. Rumen methanogens produce most of the methane. Forty-nine crossbred heifers were individually fed a ration that consisted of 67.75% rolled corn, 20% wet distillers grain with solubles, 8% chopped alfalfa and 4.25% mineral/vitamin/rumensin mix for 84 d. Residual feed intake was the residual of the observed – predicted FI for the multivariate regression of FI on ADG and mid-metabolic BW for the population. Six heifers with the greatest RFI (1.75 ± 0.31 kg DM

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Duma, Y., Damry, Marsetyo, M. Tanari, A. D. Malewa, and I. W. Sulendre. "An Analysis Different Levels of Crude Protein Content of Concentrate Feed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012015.

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Abstract A research was done to study body performance responses of selected Donggala cows to different dietary crude protein content of concentrate feed. Twenty selected Donggala cows with an initial body weights range of 278.6(36.97) kg were used. The animals also had body condition score of 2.63(0.29), body length of 129.85(6.38) cm, shoulder height of 124.8(5.74) cm, bust of 157.45(8.7) cm, and hip width of 37.83(3.4) cm. The animals were arranged in a 4 x 5 randomized block design with 5 dietary treatments differing in crude protein content of concentrate feed (12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 percen

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Gholamali Moghadam, Ali-Gholi Ramin, Siamak Asri-Rezaei Sharam Nozad, and Sina Ramin Clive J. C. Phillips. "Physiological Constraints to Milk Production in High Yielding Dairy Cows." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2021): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.041.

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Milk yields and their relationships with blood and milk metabolic parameters were assessed in 59 high-yielding Holstein cows over the course of their lactation to identify metabolic constraints to daily milk production. Over an 11 month lactation period the cows, which were milked thrice daily and fed a total mix ration, had a mean daily milk yield of 35.5 l. Blood parameters monitored were haematocrit (PCV), erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WCC), hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, urea, protein, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P),

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Scuderi, Richard A., David B. Ebenstein, Ying-Wai Lam, Jana Kraft, and Sabrina L. Greenwood. "Inclusion of grape marc in dairy cattle rations alters the bovine milk proteome." Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 2 (2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000372.

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AbstractGrape marc (GPM) is a viticulture by-product that is rich in secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), and is used as a supplement in livestock feeding practices. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding GPM to lactating dairy cows would alter the milk proteome through changes in nitrogen (N) partitioning. Ten lactating Holstein cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) top-dressed with either 1.5 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day GPM (GPM group; n = 5) or 2.0 kg DM/cow/day of a 50:50 beet pulp: soy hulls mix (control group; n = 5). Characterization of N partitioning

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Revskij, Denis, Susanne Haubold, Torsten Viergutz, et al. "Dietary Fatty Acids Affect Red Blood Cell Membrane Composition and Red Blood Cell ATP Release in Dairy Cows." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (2019): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112769.

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Diets of dairy cows are often based on maize silage (MS), delivering lower amounts of n-3 fatty acids (FA) compared to grass silage-based diets. The fatty acid composition of the cell membrane can affect the cell function. We evaluated the effects of an MS-based diet on bovine red blood cell (RBC) membrane FA composition and dietary effects on controlled ATP release of RBC. In trial 1, German Holstein cows were fed an MS-based total mixed ration for 24 weeks. The FA composition of RBC membranes from repeatedly taken blood samples was analysed in addition to the abundance of the RBC membrane pr

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Maskaľová, I., V. Vajda, and P. Timkovičová Lacková. "Evaluation of Urine Nitrogen Excretion as the Measure of the Environmental Load and the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization." Folia Veterinaria 66, no. 4 (2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2022-0036.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutrition, the concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and the urinary nitrogen excretion in farm conditions and to use the MUN concentration as a tool to control protein nutrition and environmental load in dairy farming. Urinary N excretion was evaluated by an empirical model according to the intake and metabolic transformation of N to milk protein in selected farms was on average 208.8 ± 34.8 g with a range of values from 127.7 to 277.8 g N.day−1. The evaluated proportion of excreted N in relation to crude protein (CP)

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Dierking, Shannon L., Christina Bakker, and Crystal L. Levesque. "PSII-7 Considerations for Creating an Agricultural Program Aimed at Engaging Elementary Students." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (2023): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.401.

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Abstract Cultivating interest of younger generations into all facets of agriculture is a critical component to feeding communities and strengthening the local food systems. Current agriculture programs in school curriculum usually begin in high school, so one of the main focuses of this program was to engage younger students. When planning the activities of this program, the committee determined that the program would be a half-day long with a local fifth-grade class. The activities chosen focused on highlighting the swine industry. During program development, the committee chose swine industr

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Araújo, Sergiane A., Ronaldo L. Oliveira, Analívia M. Barbosa, et al. "PSV-39 Fatty acids profile of the meat from Nellore young bulls supplemented with lauric acid." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.677.

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Abstract Lauric acid (LA) is an additive used in ruminant’s diet with the purpose of mitigating the methane effect. However, the presence of a certain amount of LA in the rumen can cause a reduction in the microbial population and ruminal metabolic processes, such as the biohydrogenation. This study aimed evaluate the effect of the LA inclusion in the diet of Nellore on the fatty acids profile of the meat. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls were used with an average age of 24-months. The animals were individually fed with a total mixed ration with 40% of roughage (Cynodon sp. hay) and 60% of conce

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McAllister, T. A., S. J. Oosting, J. D. Popp, et al. "Effect of exogenous enzymes on digestibility of barley silage and growth performance of feedlot cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 3 (1999): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-099.

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Barley silage was sprayed with water or with a 2:1 combination of commercial cellulase and xylanase preparations, or the enzymes were introduced directly into the rumen, in a digestibility study (replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square) using 10 sheep. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were lower (P < 0.05) when enzymes were dosed intraruminally than when applied to silage, but enzymes by either route did not affect (P > 0.05) intake of DM, organic matter or digestible organic matter, or digestibilities of DM or NDF, ruminal pH, xylanase activ

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Knapp, F. W., J. Webb, and J. Cilek. "Dairy Cattle Fly Control with Vigilante (tm) Premix, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (1987): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.366.

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Abstract Holstein cattle herds were fed either Vigilante premix feedthrough or Rabon (tm) oral larvicide to evaluate their efficacy against the horn, face, and house fly. Visual counts of the above flies as well as stable flies were also made. The treatment began on 15 May and the herds were separated by a minimum distance of 10 miles. Premixes were administered daily by adding them to the mineral mix concentrate prior to adding into the total ration. Herds were treated as follows: 105 cows along with 44 calves and heifers were given 3.8% Vigilante premix at a rate of 5 mg AI/100 lb body wt. (

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Maskaľová, I., and V. Vajda. "Milk Urea Concentration to the Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency Transformation on Dairy Farms." Folia Veterinaria 65, no. 3 (2021): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2021-0025.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutrition on the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration; on the transformation of N in the farm’s conditions; and there-by allow the milk urea nitrogen concentration to serve as a tool to maximize the protein nutrition and the metabolism of the cows. The relations evaluated by linear or multiple regression confirmed that the highest nutritional effects of the crude protein (CP) on the MUN concentration, which represented a 69.3 % variation in the MUN content. According to the CP content in the total mix ration (TMR) and MUN content

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Lubis, Darwinsyah, E. Wina, B. Haryanto, and T. Suhargiantatmo. "Effectiveness of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture to improve digestion of fibrous feeds." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 7, no. 2 (2014): 90–98. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v7i2.280.

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Studies regarding the use of living microorganisms as supplement have been done in the last two decades to improve digestion process in the rumen. Many factors affect the use of the supplement, such as ration composition and physiological status of the animals. Materials used in this experiment are Aspergillus oryzae (AO) derived from â€˜taucoâ€™ (salty fermented soybean) and soybean sauce processing factories located in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi districts (15 sources), and also AO culture collections of the Indonesian Res. Inst. for Anim. Prod. (2 strains) and one strain from Indonesian Re

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