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Journal articles on the topic 'Total penetration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Harikrishnan, S., V. Venkateswara Rao, and Ajay Misra. "A Numerical Study of Penetration in Concrete Targets by Eroding Projectiles of Different Materials." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 5 (2021): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16942.

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Numerical simulations have been performed to examine the effect of three different eroding rod materials on the penetration in concrete targets. Same kinetic energy is delivered to concrete target using cylindrical rods of Aluminium, Iron, and Copper of identical size. Impact velocities have been varied to keep the kinetic energy the same. Penetration characteristics like centerline interface velocity, penetrator deceleration, plastic strain in the target, and energy partitioning during penetration have been studied for the three different penetrator materials. In all three cases, penetration

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2

Gómez-Benlloch, Alba, Jeroni Nadal, Gemma Julio, and Javier Elizalde. "Globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia: prevalence and review of cases." International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 10 (2022): 1683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.10.18.

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AIM: To describe prevalence and different clinical signs and management of cases with penetrating eye injuries during loco-regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was carried out, identifying cases of globe penetration secondary to peribulbar anesthesia injection during 5y activity in Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer. RESULTS: A total of 17 460 needle-based ocular anesthesia procedures were performed in our centre and 4 cases of globe penetration were recorded with an estimated prevalence of 0.024%. Globe penetrations were always detected

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Zou, Minming, Min Guo, and Xianghai Ye. "Penetrating Power of High-Density Tungsten Fiber/Zr-Based Metallic Glass Matrix Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8087525.

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Tungsten-fiber/Zr-based metallic glass (Zr41.25Ti13.75Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5) matrix composite (hereinafter referred to as WF/Zr-MG composite) is considered a potential new generation of projectile material, while the density of WF/Zr-MG composite is usually around 16.5 g/cm3 and it is difficult to exceed 17.0 g/cm3. To understand the penetration performance of the composite material, a penetration test was performed on high-density WF/Zr-MG composite with a density of 17.1 g/cm3. The penetration depth, the diameter of the crater, morphology, and microstructure have been studied in a residual high-d

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4

Wetzels, Thomas, Joost van Erp, Reinoud W. Brouwer, Sjoerd K. Bulstra, and Jos J. A. M. van Raay. "Comparing Cementing Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 09 (2018): 886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669917.

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AbstractAseptic loosening remains to be a major reason for revision in total knee arthroplasty. Cement penetration of 2 to 5 mm increases the interface strength and consequently decreases the likelihood of loosening. But despite this overall accepted optimal cement penetration, there is still a wide variety of cementing techniques used in total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two cementing techniques on the tibial and femoral sides, with regard to cement penetration. Five paired cadaveric knees were used. A total knee arthroplasty was placed according to standard p

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García-Rey, Eduardo, Ana Cruz-Pardos, and Laura Saldaña. "New polyethylenes in total hip arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 104-B, no. 9 (2022): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.104b9.bjj-2022-0434.r1.

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Aims A significant reduction in wear at five and ten years was previously reported when comparing Durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene with nitrogen-sterilized Sulene polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated whether the improvement observed at the earlier follow-up continued, resulting in decreased osteolysis and revision surgery rates over the second decade. Methods Between January 1999 and December 2001, 90 patients underwent surgery using the same acetabular and femoral components with a 28 mm metallic femoral head and either a Durasul or Sulene liner. A total of 66

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Isaac, G. H., D. Dowson, and B. M. Wroblewski. "An Investigation into the Origins of Time-Dependent Variation in Penetration Rates with Charnley Acetabular Cups—Wear, Creep or Degradation?" Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 210, no. 3 (1996): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_414_02.

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The total penetration of femoral heads into acetabular cups is achieved by a combination of long-term wear and early non-recoverable deformation or creep. The former is important in determining the total rate of production of polyethylene wear debris, recently implicated in the development of osteolysis and loosening, while the latter contributes to the overall penetration and the possibility of neck impingement in some designs of implants. Attention is drawn to the need to evaluate and to separate out these two physical processes in the assessment of clinical penetration rates. This is partic

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Nie, Xiaodong, Xiangyun Wu, Zhi Yi, Zhilin Long, Hui Zhou, and Nan Ji. "Discussion on Static Resistance of Granite under Penetration." Materials 16, no. 9 (2023): 3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093353.

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A total of 9 tests were carried out with 30 mm and 78 mm caliber scaled projectiles penetrating into granite targets. The penetration depth, crater diameter, and mass loss rate were examined and discussed. The results indicate that the dimensionless penetration depth of large-caliber projectiles is 20% greater than small-caliber projectiles. Based on the description of static resistance Ra in the Forrestal semi-empirical formula, the size effect of dimensionless penetration depth can be attributed to the size effect of static resistance Ra, and it can be seen that the penetration static resist

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Meulemans, A., P. Vicart, D. Henzel, J. Mohler, and M. Vulpillat. "Cefsulodin Penetration into Rat Brain: Extracellular versus Total Concentration." Chemotherapy 32, no. 5 (1986): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000238441.

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9

Vilagosh, Zoltan, Alireza Lajevardipour, Dominique Appadoo, Soon Hock Ng, Saulius Juodkazis, and Andrew W. Wood. "Characterisation of Biological Materials at THz Frequencies by Attenuated Total Reflection: Lard." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238692.

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The penetration depth of an evanescent wave in Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) is dependent on the wavelength of the radiation utilised. At THz frequencies, the penetration depth into biological tissues is in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm; rendered pig lard was used as a model sample in this study. A method for the direct measurement of the evanescent wave penetration depth is presented which allows for the estimation of the dispersion of the complex refractive index by using the reflection of the evanescent wave from varying sample depths. The method employs frustrated total internal reflectio

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10

Nagler, Jacob. "On Analytical Ballistic Penetration Fundamental Model and Design." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 16 (October 20, 2021): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232012.2021.16.21.

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This paper presents a new fresh theoretical study of the ballistic penetration phenomena into hard materials due to low-energy bodies' motion. This model based on the energy balance between the kinetic energy of the piercing body and the protective body thermal energy. Following this equilibrium alongside the equation of the projectile motion, the resulting deceleration value is analytically calculated. Substituting the obtained deceleration value into the kinematic equilibrium results with the penetration thickness expression as well as the time of penetration inside the mono and multi layers

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11

Peker, Gökhan, and İbrahim Altun. "Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Impact of Tourniquet Usage on Cement Penetration, Operation Time, and Bleeding Control." Medical Science and Discovery 10, no. 9 (2023): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i9.1035.

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Objective: The cementing technique employed in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) significantly influences the penetration of cement into the bone, ultimately affecting the stability of the joint. This study aimed to assess the impact of tourniquet usage on tibial cement penetration, operative time, bleeding, and functional outcomes following TKA. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 103 patients who had undergone TKA and had a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. The patients were categorized into three groups: Group 1 utilized a tourniquet throughout the entire surge

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12

TSUJI, Kouichi, and Kazuaki WAGATSUMA. "Evaluation of the Penetration Depth of Total-reflection X-rays." Hyomen Kagaku 18, no. 7 (1997): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.18.424.

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13

Heller, K. D., A. Prescher, M. Holbeck, and R. Forst. "Bone cement penetration of the acetabulum in total hip replacement." International Orthopaedics 20, no. 5 (1996): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050085.

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Bondada, Bhaskar, Peter D. Petracek, and Jim Syvertsen. "Finite Dose Diffusion of Urea through Isolated Citrus Leaf Cuticles." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 541F—542. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.541f.

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Recent interest in reducing nitrate levels in ground water has stimulated the re-examination of foliar application of urea on citrus trees. Because the cuticle is the primary barrier to foliar uptake, we examined the diffusion of 14C-urea through isolated citrus leaf cuticles. Cuticles were enzymatically isolated from leaves of the four youngest nodes (1 month to 1 year old) of pesticide-free grapefruit trees. The diffusion system consisted of a cuticle mounted on a receiver cell containing stirred buffer solution. Urea (1 μL) was pipetted onto the cuticular surface, and buffer solution was sa

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15

García-Rey, Eduardo, and Laura Saldaña. "Influence of highly cross-linked polyethylene manufacturing characteristics on femoral head penetration in total hip arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 107-B, no. 5 Supple A (2025): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.107b5.bjj-2024-1083.r1.

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AimsHighly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) has reduced wear and revision rates in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the long term. However, the effect of HXLPE manufacturing characteristics on femoral head penetration has not yet been clearly defined. We report this single-institution study to investigate the clinical and radiological results of various HXLPE liners in THA.MethodsBetween January 2001 and December 2013, 904 uncemented THAs using HXLPE liners were performed at our institution. Seven different HXLPE liner types were identified: remelted (n = 3), annealed (n = 2), sequentially ann

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16

Usman, Bahtiar. "PENETRASI BANK ASING DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KOMPETISI PERBANKAN YANG DIUKUR DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONJECTURAL VARIATION DI INDONESIA." Media Ekonomi 21, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v21i1.790.

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<p>This study examines the effect of foreign bank penetration on banking competition in Indonesia. Penetration of foreign banks is measured by using the ratio between total assets, total loans and total deposits of foreign banks to total assets, total loans and total deposits of the banking industry in Indonesia, such as those used by Levy and Micco (2007). Bank concentration is measured by using Concentration Ratio (CR3 and CR5) and the Herfindahl index. Bank competition is measured by using the Conjectural Variation approach as used by Cetorelli Angelini (2003). By using panel regressi

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17

Cahaya, Adam Badra. "Ohmic and Diamagnetic Currents Contribution on the Electromagnetic Penetration Depth of a Conducting Surface." Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/fiziya.v4i1.19790.

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Due to its conducting electron, metal is a good reflector for electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic wave penetrating a metallic surface has a finite penetrating depth. There are two limit that are well studied in the physics textbooks. They are high frequency electromagnetic wave penetrating a metal with small conductivity and a static (low frequency) field penetrating a superconductor (metal with infinitely large conductivity). In this article we study the intermediate regime between these two limits. By setting the electric current density as the total sum of both Ohmic and Diamagnetic cu

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18

Friedrich, Lawrence V., Roger L. White, Dianne M. Brundage, Michael B. Kays, and Richard J. Friedman. "The Effect of Tourniquet Inflation on Cefazolin Tissue Penetration During Total Knee Arthroplasty." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 6 (1990): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1990.tb03565.x.

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Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized to tourniquet inflation 1, 2, or 5 minutes after a 1‐g dose of cefazolin. Serum, soft tissue, and bone samples were obtained at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after inflation, immediately prior to tourniquet release (PTR), and 5 minutes after release. Areas under the concentration‐time curve (AUC10‐PTR) were calculated using the linear trapezoidal method and normalized to actual body weight, creatinine clearance, and length of tourniquet inflation. The percentage of penetration was calculated using the normalized values for the respective AUC

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Zhang, Alissa, Eui-Chang Jung, Hanjiang Zhu, Ying Zou, Xiaoying Hui, and Howard Maibach. "Vehicle effects on human stratum corneum absorption and skin penetration." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 5 (2016): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716656119.

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This study evaluated the effects of three vehicles—ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and isopropyl myristate (IPM)—on stratum corneum (SC) absorption and diffusion of the [14C]-model compounds benzoic acid and butenafine hydrochloride to better understand the transport pathways of chemicals passing through and resident in SC. Following application of topical formulations to human dermatomed skin for 30 min, penetration flux was observed for 24 h post dosing, using an in vitro flow-through skin diffusion system. Skin absorption and penetration was compared to the chemical-SC (intact, del

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Ding, Meihong, Xingliang Liu, Shuangshuang Zhang, et al. "Essential Oil from the Twigs of Cinnamomum Cassia Mediated the Flexible Liposomes of the Total Glucosides of Peony for Arthritis Treatment." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 19, no. 7 (2023): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2023.3621.

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Flexible liposomes (FL) have been developed as novel transdermal delivery systems. However, the skin barrier impairs the drug penetration and absorption. In this study, we designed, characterized and evaluated a total glucosides of Paeony (TPG) loaded FL (TFL) topically drug deliver system for arthritis treatment. The novelty is that the essential oil from the Twigs of Cinnamomum Cassia (EOCC) was incorporated in TFL as drug penetrating enhancer. Interestingly, the EOCC addition didn’t significantly change the characteristic parameters of the TFL in terms of morphology, size distribution, zeta

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Donnermeyer, David, Sina Schmidt, Arno Rohrbach, Johannes Berlandi, Sebastian Bürklein, and Edgar Schäfer. "Debunking the Concept of Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers: Sealer Staining with Rhodamine B Fluorescent Dye Is an Inadequate Method." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123211.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of rhodamine B dye staining of an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) and calcium-silicate-based sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS) to represent the penetration depth of the sealers into dentinal tubules after root canal obturation. In a three-step process, (1) leaching of rhodamine B from sealers into a buffer solution, (2) passive penetration of leached rhodamine B into dentinal tubules, and (3) conformity of rhodamine B penetration assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and sealer penetration assessed by scanning ele

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Bassegio, Doglas, Marcos Vinicius Mansano Sarto, Ciro Antonio Rosolem, and Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto. "Guar root and shoot growth as affected by soil compaction." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, no. 2 (2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852189.

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ABSTRACT Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is commonly grown in arid lands, because of its high drought-tolerance. However, soil compaction may be a limiting factor to its growth. This study aimed to evaluate the guar growth, according to the soil penetration resistance (0.20 MPa, 0.33 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.93 MPa and 1.77 MPa, in a layer with depth between 0.15 m and 0.20 m), in a Rhodic Acrudox soil. The shoot and root dry mass, root length by the Q1/2 index (mechanical soil penetration resistance in which the root growth is reduced by 50 %) and root diameter were evaluated. The impairment of the

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Li, Hong-da, Ting-hao Chen, Cheng-zhe Liu, Hui Duan, and Zhi-li Zhang. "Study on Penetration Behavior of the Reactive Material Composite Jet against Concrete." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459, no. 1 (2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012030.

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Abstract To improve the damage performance of the shaped charge when damaging the concrete target, a new structure of shaped charge with reactive material composite liner was proposed. The behavior of reactive material composite liner-shaped charge penetrating the concrete target was researched by numerical simulation in the finite element simulation platform Autodyn-2D. The effects of the ratio of liner diameter and the ratio of the liner thickness of the inner liner to the composite liner on the penetration depth, hole diameter, and the following behavior of reactive materials were obtained.

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Bergman, Niclas, and Stefan Larsson. "Comparing column penetration and total–sounding data for lime–cement columns." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 167, no. 4 (2014): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.12.00019.

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Malincarne, L., M. Ghebregzabher, M. V. Moretti, et al. "Penetration of moxifloxacin into bone in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 57, no. 5 (2006): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl091.

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Wakamatsu, Takashi, and Kento Aizawa. "Penetration-Depth Characteristics of Evanescent Fields at Metal Attenuated Total Reflection." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 6A (2005): 4272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.4272.

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Hopper, Robert H., Anthony M. Young, C. Anderson Engh, and James P. McAuley. "Assessing the pattern of femoral head penetration after total hip arthroplasty." Journal of Arthroplasty 19, no. 7 (2004): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2004.06.011.

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Biriukov, Dmitry. "Penetration of Fire into Iron." Scrinium 15, no. 1 (2019): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00151p10.

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Abstract I consider the ways whereby the Stoic natural philosophical paradigm of total blending, through the example of penetration of fire into iron, was naturalized by the Early Christian and Byzantine theologians who intended to display the penetration of the divine into the created and the conjunction of the created with the divine, with the condition that the created does not dissolve in divine but remains within its own nature being penetrated by the properties of deity.

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Yamano, Naoki, Tsunenori Inakura, Chikako Ishizuka, and Satoshi Chiba. "Effect of correlation between cross sections and angular distributions in nuclear data of ⁶³Cu on estimation of uncertainty of neutron penetration." EPJ Web of Conferences 281 (2023): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328100003.

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Uncertainty in neutron reaction rates after penetrating a 608mm-thick copper benchmark experiment performed by the FNS facility of JAEA was estimated based on two different kinds of the Total Monte Carlo methods under random sampling methodology. 500 random nuclear data files were generated for 63Cu by the T6 code system with perturbing underlying model parameters. In the first method, these files were used directly to yield processed library preserving all the correlations among different physical quantities. In the second method, the random files populated by T6 were used but the angular dis

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Li, Zhi Zhong, Lian Sheng Tang, Yong Qiang Hu, Zhao Yuan Li, and Pei Yuan Lin. "A New Estimation Method for Penetration Depth of Displacement Pile Based on a New Type Cone Penetration Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.234.

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It is of significance for pile foundation design and construction to predict the penetration depth accurately of the displacement pile under a fixed pressure. A new type cone penetrometer and corresponding exploration methods are developed through increasing weight of the device, enhancing the strength of probing rod and probe, and embedding a new function on measuring the total penetration resistance. Not only applied appropriately to various strata except for pebble bed, functions such as the total penetration resistance determination, soil layer classification and soil compression modulus a

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Prange, Andreas, and Heinrich Schwenke. "Trace Element Analysis using Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, B (1991): 899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800013100.

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AbstractFor the application of TXRF in trace element analysis, two characteristic features of the total reflection of X-rays are exploited. These are the high reflectivity on flat surfaces and the low penetration depth of the primary radiation. This allows the application of TXRF for both chemical trace and ultra-trace element analysis on the one hand and surface analysis on the other. For chemical trace clement analysis, total reflection on a highly polished substrate is characterized by a high reflectivity, which leads to a drastic reduction of the spectral background. The sample to be analy

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Ye, Zhoujing, Wenjuan Ren, Hailu Yang, Yinghao Miao, Fengyan Sun, and Linbing Wang. "An Improved Asphalt Penetration Test Method." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010147.

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A traditional penetration test only measures the total penetration within 5 s. The penetration process is not monitored, and therefore, a large amount of information on the deformation properties of asphalt is not used. This paper documents a study to use a high-speed camera to quantify the entire penetration process and use the Finite Element Method (FEM) to interpret the penetration process using a viscoelastic model. The penetration–time relationships of several asphalt binders (70#, 90#, a rubber modified binder, and a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified binder) have been acquired usi

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Conlon, James, and Jane Lin. "Greenhouse Gas Emission Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Introduction in an Urban Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119839970.

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This study attempts to quantify the change in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from autonomous vehicle (AV) introduction in a congested urban network. An integrated traffic microsimulation and emission model is introduced, described, and used to estimate emissions for different AV penetration scenarios ranging from 0% to 100%. AVs show potential to reduce total CO2 emissions at a network scale, approaching 4% reduction at full autonomy, assuming the same fuel technology in AV as in today’s fleet. Furthermore, it is found that this reduction is sensitive to the penetration ratio of AVs,

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Fader, Royal G., Patricia Luque, and Martin J. Bukovac. "Further Studies on Enhancement of Transcuticular Penetration of NAA with Spray Additives." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 598a—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.598a.

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The cuticle is the prime barrier to penetration of foliar applied plant growth regulators, which must penetrate and be transported to a reaction site before a response can be induced. Urea has enhanced performance of Fe and Zn foliar sprays and a mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate (WAN) the performance of some herbicides. The mechanism of this enhancement is not clear. We find that urea and UAN increased 14C-NAA transport across enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM) from simulated spray droplets using a finitedose diffusion system. The initial rate and total amount of

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Ji, Long, Xin Jia, Jiahui Guo, You’er Cai, Ping Wang, and Zhengxiang Huang. "Simulation and Experimental Study on Jetting Projectile Charge Penetrating Multi-Layer Spaced Targets with Large Spacing." Machines 11, no. 5 (2023): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11050526.

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To study the ability of shaped charges to penetrate typical ship targets, two shaped charges with the same diameter of 200 mm but different configurations are designed to generate two forms of jetting projectile charge (JPC). Based on the protective structure of typical ship targets, static penetration tests are performed using the two types of a shaped charge with copper liner and 10-layer spaced targets with a total span of 16 m which is made in 921A steel. Numerical simulations under the same working conditions are also carried out. It is found that the simulation results of the penetration

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Marianna, Pozzi, Giuseppe Muliere, Francesco Mezzera, et al. "Decarbonization of the heating sector from a system point of view: the case study of the Lombardy Region." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012014.

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Abstract This work aims at defining the optimal technological mix which minimizes the total cost of the energy system in 2030 in the Lombardy region, in northern Italy. The goal is reached through a bottom-up model built on a linear optimization problem considering different technical and economic inputs and constraints. Civil sector is one of the sectors to focus on for the decarbonization process. Different areas, types of buildings and thermal systems are included in the model to consider the peculiarities of the available solutions in each context. The overall technological mix is constrai

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Leclerc, Mathieu. "Advanced Techniques Improve Weld Penetration Monitoring." AM&P Technical Articles 182, no. 7 (2024): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2024-07.p018.

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Abstract In the quest to improve the reliability of partial penetration welding validation, advanced ultrasonic testing techniques have replaced other less accurate methods. This case study compares weld penetration inspection results from phased array ultrasonic testing and the total focusing method in a rib-to-deck assembly on the top part of an orthotropic steel bridge deck.

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Yang, Yong Gang, and Fu Ping Liu. "Effects of Paper Properties and Printing Conditions on the Ink Penetration into Offset Paper." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1139.

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In order to predict and control the ink penetration depth, The base properties of 5 offset paper were firstly measured, namely, tightness、smoothness and K&N ink absorbency, etc. Then the penetration depth when offset magenta ink of the same volume entered into these papers was tested after printing. It was analyzed on the influences of offset paper and print processes on ink penetration depth. Finally, the relationships between the ink penetration depth under pressure and that under no pressure were studied. The results showed that both the tightness and smoothness of offset papers had imp

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Yang, Yong Gang, and Qiao Zhuo Gao. "Research on the Ink Penetration Depth into Offset Paper." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2492.

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In order to predict and control the ink penetration depth, The base properties of 5 offset paper were firstly measured, namely, tightness、smoothness and K&N ink absorbency, etc. Then the penetration depth when offset magenta ink of the same volume entered into these papers was tested after printing. It was analyzed on the influences of offset paper and print processes on ink penetration depth. Finally, the relationships between the ink penetration depth under pressure and that under no pressure were studied. The results showed that both the tightness and smoothness of offset papers had imp

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Ronje, Errol I., and Casey Brechtel. "Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Impacts Associated with Small Cetacean Remote Biopsy Sampling by Controlled Testing on Stranded Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 4 (2021): 544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2040039.

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To explore the potential macroscopic tissue effects of select remote biopsy tools to common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), carcasses were darted and their traumatic effects on the anatomy in target and non-target areas of the body were described. In total, 87 samples were collected (target area, n = 19; non-target area, n = 68) within standardized grid partitions from five carcasses of sub-adult to adult age classes with a range of body condition scores. We broadly classified impacts penetrating completely through the blubber into muscle or deeper internal tissues as over-penetratio

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Sköldenberg, Olof, Mats Salemyr, Olle Muren, Åke Johansson, Torbjörn Ahl, and Henrik Bodén. "The Ringloc liner compared with the Hexloc liner in total hip arthroplasty." Orthopedic Reviews 1, no. 1 (2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2009.e16.

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The aim of this study was to compare the 10-year survival rate, pelvic osteolysis frequency and linear head penetration rate of the Hexloc and Ringloc liners used together with a partially threaded porous and hydroxyapatite coated cup and the Bi-Metric uncemented femoral stem. The 15-year results for the cup with the Hexloc liner are also reported. We included 332 consecutive hips (166 Hexloc and 166 Ringloc) on 281 patients in the study. Revisions of prosthesis components were recorded and pelvic osteolytic lesions were assessed using radiographs and computed tomography. The linear head penet

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Vertullo, Christopher John, and Manickaraj Nagarajan. "Is cement penetration in TKR reduced by not using a tourniquet during cementation? A single blinded, randomized trial." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 25, no. 1 (2017): 230949901668432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499016684323.

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Despite suggestions that tourniquet inflation during total knee replacement reduces bleeding and hence improves cement penetration, no studies exist supporting this widely held belief. In this single-blinded, single-surgeon, randomized controlled trial, the tourniquet inflation during cementation group ( n = 20) did not have greater tibial cement penetration compared to a no tourniquet group ( n = 20). No statistically significant differences in semiautomatic digitally measured average and central radiographic tibial plateau penetration values were observed between the two groups ( p = 0.93; p

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Park, Ji Eun, Wanhee Byun, Youngchan Kim, Hyeonjun Ahn, and Doh Kyoum Shin. "The Impact of Automated Vehicles on Traffic Flow and Road Capacity on Urban Road Networks." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (November 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8404951.

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Automated vehicles (AVs) are believed to have great potential to improve the traffic capacity and efficiency of the current transport systems. Despite positive findings of the impact of AVs on traffic flow and potential road capacity increase for highways, few studies have been performed regarding the impact of AVs on urban roads. Moreover, studies considering traffic volume increase with a mixture of AVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) have rarely been conducted. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of gradual increments of AV penetration and traffic volume on urban roads. The study

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Schwenke, H., W. Berneike, J. Knoth, and U. Weisbrod. "How to Use the Features of Total Reflection of X-Rays for Energy Dispersive XRF." Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080002036x.

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AbstractThe total reflection of X-rays is mainly determined by three parameters , that is the orltical angle, the reflectivity and the penetration depth. For X-ray fluorescence analysis the respective characteristic features can be exploited in two rather different fields of application. In the analysis of trace elements in samples placed as thin films on optical flats, detection limits as low as 2 pg or 0.05 ppb, respectively, have been obtained. In addition, a penetration depth in the nanometer regime renders Total Reflection XRF an inherently sensitive method for the elemental analysis of s

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Zhou, Xinghai, Guofang Gong, Yakun Zhang, Weiqiang Wu, and Yuxi Chen. "Performance Evaluation of TBM Using an Improved Load Prediction Model." Machines 11, no. 2 (2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020141.

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Excavation load prediction is of great importance for the prior design and latter performance evaluation of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). In this paper, an improved load prediction model is developed based on classical Colorado school of mines model for TBMs equipped with constant cross-sectional disc cutters. The typical structure and principle are introduced to predict the single cutter force, and the total cutter group load is calculated by defining the equivalent diameter and cutter spacing. Subsequently, the improved model of a more brief and acceptable type is established via summation.

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MASUI, Akio, Kiyoshi YAMAMOTO, and Koji OHTA. "Frequency dependence of the penetration depth in attenuated total reflection-IR spectroscopy." Bunseki kagaku 41, no. 4 (1992): T49—T54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.41.4_t49.

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Diaz-Borjon, Efrain, Kotaro Yamakado, Roque Pinilla, and Richard L Worland. "Cement Penetration Using a Tibial Punch Cement Pressurizer in Total Knee Arthroplasty." Orthopedics 27, no. 5 (2004): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20040501-18.

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Ozkunt, Okan, Kerim Sariyilmaz, Halil Can Gemalmaz, and Fatih Dikici. "The effect of tourniquet usage on cement penetration in total knee arthroplasty." Medicine 97, no. 4 (2018): e9668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000009668.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Environmental Study of Some Water Characteristics at Um-Al-Naaj Marsh, South of Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.531-538.

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Um-Al-Naaj region in Al-Hawiezah Marsh, Southern Iraq was chosen to study the environmental variations of some water characteristics during 2008, seasonally. The results showed clear seasonal changes in values of some environmental variables (temperature, depth, light penetration, turbidity, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, reactive phosphate, reactive nitrite, and reactive nitrate), while there were no clear seasonal changes in electrical conductivity and salinity values. In addition, high nutrients concentrations and light penetration were noted. Statistical analysis showed sign

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SHAHZAMANIAN, M. A., and H. YAVARY. "LOW TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE PENETRATION DEPTH IN SUPERCONDUCTOR MgB2 IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF IMPURITIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 03 (2004): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204023866.

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The large variety of the measured magnetic penetration depth is interpreted by using two microscopic gap models. We calculate the penetration depth of superconductor MgB 2 in low temperatures by using two gap and an anisotropic s-wave gap models. In the two gap model we consider that the total penetration depth is a weighted sum of the contribution from σ- and π-bands and the interaction between these two bands is ignored. The effect of impurities on the σ-band is less than that π-band and there are tremendous modifications of the temperature dependence of the penetration depth for π-band.

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