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Klein, Andrew G., Stephen T. Sweet, Terry L. Wade, José L. Sericano, and Mahlon C. Kennicutt. "Spatial patterns of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the terrestrial environment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 24, no. 5 (2012): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000429.
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AbstractFossil fuels are used throughout the United States Antarctic Program. Accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons are the leading source of environmental contamination. Since 1999 McMurdo Station has been the site of the most extensive environmental monitoring programme in Antarctica. Nearly 2500 surface soil samples were collected from 1999–2007 to determine the spatial “footprint” of petroleum hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured using a high-resolution capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection. Three distinct TPH patterns were detected: low molecular weight gasoline/JP5/AN8, residual weathered petroleum and an unresolved complex mixture of high molecular weight material. Overall TPH concentrations were low with 38% of the samples having TPH concentrations below 30 ppm and 58% below 100 ppm. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above 30 ppm are largely confined to the central portions of the station, along roads and in other areas where elevated TPH would be expected. Peripheral areas typically have TPH concentrations below 15 ppm. Areas of elevated TPH concentrations are patchy and of limited spatial extent, seldom extending over distances of 100 m. This environmental monitoring programme is ongoing and can serve as an example to other Antarctic programmes concerned with monitoring environmental impacts.
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Jiménez, Oscar Pindado, Rosa M. Pérez Pastor, and Olga Escolano Segovia. "An analytical method for quantifying petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in soils, and its associated uncertainties." Anal. Methods 6, no. 15 (2014): 5527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00097h.
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Sasmita, Aryo, Amalia Syakinah, and Ulfatun Nisa. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BIOCHAR TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON (TPH) PADA TANAH TERCEMAR MINYAK BUMI." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (2021): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.12.
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Hydrocarbons are compounds produced as a result of the activities of the petroleum industry, which can pollute the soil and waters. Due to the amount of waste, biochar from agricultural waste could potentially be used as a soil amendment agent for hydrocarbon contamination. The high lignocellulose in oil palm shells and empty bunches makes them potential raw materials for biochar. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of biochar application on petroleum-contaminated soil to reduce Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) levels. In this study, the dosage of biochar was added to the soil contaminated with petroleum with a variation of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w) and control without the addition of biochar. The parameters analyzed were TPH levels by gravimetric method every week for four weeks. The results showed that the addition of biochar had an effect on the degradation of TPH. The greater the dose of biochar used, the higher the percentage of TPH degradation. The highest decrease in TPH levels occurred at the addition of biochar dose by 7%, where the empty shell was 60.65%, and empty bunches was 54.1% which was greater than without the addition of biochar by 32.79%.
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Lim, Sung-Jin, Jin-Hyo Kim, Geun-Hyoung Choi, Yu-bin Kwon, Doo-Ho Kim, and Byung-Jun Park. "Germination Rate and Radicle Growth Inhibition in Crops by Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)." Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 32, no. 4 (2013): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2013.32.4.273.
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Sayed, Khalid, Lavania Baloo, Shamsudeen Temitope Yekeen, Mubarak Usman Kankia, and Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba. "Determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Concentration in Coastal Seawater of Teluk Batik Beach, Perak, Malaysia." Key Engineering Materials 888 (June 9, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.888.119.
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The study aims to determine Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) status in seawater from Teluk Batik beach seawater. In July 2018, fishing vessel sunk two nautical miles off Pematang Damar Laut, a coastal village within the town of George Town, Penang Malaysia, which also impacted the coastline of Perak State. Approximately six tons of diesel and hundreds of liters of fuel oil drifted from the Penang sea to the Perak coast. On further subsequent wave action the TPH concentrations in seawater fluctuated over time. In the coastal water of Teluk Batik Beach, Perak, Malaysia, grab samples were taken from surface seawater for determining the TPH concentrations in November and December 2019. The TPH in seawater was determined by the extractable solvent (Hexane) and the additional petroleum hydrocarbons by the Infrared (IR) method. The values of TPH ranged from 91 to 503 mg/L. Compared to the standards in Malaysian waters, the TPH levels found in this study were high, indicating serious pollution of TPH in the area under study.
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Cho, Kanghee, Eunji Myung, Hyunsoo Kim, Oyunbileg Purev, Cheonyoung Park, and Nagchoul Choi. "Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil through Microwave Irradiation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (2020): 5952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165952.
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In this study, we investigated the removal mechanism of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from soil by microwave heating. TPH contaminated soil was investigated to determine the desorption behavior of five carbon number-based fractions of TPH. The applied operating microwave power density influenced the final temperature that was reached during heating. For low operating power density applications, microwave effectiveness was limited due to the soil’s dielectric properties, which exhibited a direct relationship with temperature variation. Soil particle distribution could be attributed to permeability, which significantly influenced the evaporation of contaminated soil during the microwave treatment. The results indicate that the activation energy was correlated with the influence of particle size. The removal efficiency of the coarse soil reached 91.1% at 15 min, whereas that of fine soil was low. A total of 30 min had passed, and a removal efficiency of 71.2% was found for the fine soil. Residual TPH concentration was decreased when irradiation time was increased with a removal rate dependent on soil temperature variation. The surface functional groups of the contaminated soil were influenced by microwave irradiation, and changes in the hydrocarbon fraction affected contaminant removal.
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Makkiya, Nisreen Mazin, and Israa Abdul wahab Al-baldawi. "Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Al-Daura Refinery Wastewater by Rhizobacteria." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 1 (2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.01.02.
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Due to the deliberate disposal of industrial waste, a great amount of petroleum hydrocarbons pollute the soil and aquatic environments. Bioremediation that depends on the microorganisms in the removal of pollutants is more efficient and cost-effective technology. In this study, five rhizobacteria were isolated from Phragmites australis roots and exposed to real wastewater from Al-Daura refinery with 70 mg/L total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration. The five selected rhizobacteria were examined in a biodegradation test for seven days to remove TPH. The results showed that 80% TPH degradation as the maximum value by Sphingomonas Paucimobilis as identified with Vitek® 2 Compact (France).
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Song, Xue Ying, Ru Jing Liang, Yu Shuang Li, Xin Xin Li, and Xiao Jun Hu. "Composting Study of Petroleum Contaminated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.67.
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Composting has been shown to be an effective bioremediation technique for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In this research, the major objective of this research was to find the appropriate mix ratio of organic amendments for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons during diesel oil contaminated soil composting. The spent mushroom was added as an amendment for supplementing organic matter for composting of contaminated soil. The volumn ratios of contaminated soil to organic amendments were 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1. Target contaminant of this research was diesel oil, which was spiked at 16240 mg/kg sample on a dry weight basis. The degradation of diesel oil was significantly enhanced by the addition of these organic amendments relative to straight soil control. Degradation rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were the greatest at the ratio of 1:1 of contaminated soil to organic amendments on the volumn ratio. The abiotic loss of TPH was only about 6.83% of initial TPH.
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Mostafa, Aya A., Ahmad K. Hegazy, Nermen H. Mohamed, et al. "Potentiality of Azolla pinnata R. Br. for Phytoremediation of Polluted Freshwater with Crude Petroleum Oil." Separations 8, no. 4 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8040039.
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The pollution of freshwater resources with crude petroleum oil is a major environmental issue in oil-producing countries. As a result, the remediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems using eco-friendly and cost-effective technology is receiving increased global attention. In this study, the ability of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to remediate petroleum-polluted freshwater was assessed. The remediation potentiality was determined by evaluating the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (TPH%) and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. TPH% was estimated gravimetrically, and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic fractions were measured using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results reveal that A. pinnata has the potential to phytoremediate freshwater polluted with low levels (up to 0.5 g/L) of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). After seven days of phytoremediation, the degradation rate of total PHs was 92% in the planted treatment compared with 38% in the unplanted positive control. The highest breakdown of PHs for the normal paraffinic saturated hydrocarbon fraction occurred in the presence of A. pinnata combined with Anabena azollaea (A-A), which showed a moderate degradation capacity toward total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicate that A. pinnata effectively removed C18, a saturated PH, and acenaphthene (Ace), an aromatic PH. Therefore, this study suggests that A. pinnata is a useful tool for the remediation of freshwaters contaminated with low pollution levels of crude oil.
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Eriksson, Mikael, Jong-Ok Ka, and William W. Mohn. "Effects of Low Temperature and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Arctic Tundra Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (2001): 5107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5107-5112.2001.
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ABSTRACT Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was monitored in microcosms with diesel fuel-contaminated Arctic tundra soil incubated for 48 days at low temperatures (−5, 0, and 7°C). An additional treatment was incubation for alternating 24-h periods at 7 and −5°C. Hydrocarbons were biodegraded at or above 0°C, and freeze-thaw cycles may have actually stimulated hydrocarbon biodegradation. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal over 48 days in the 7, 0, and 7 and −5°C treatments, respectively, was 450, 300, and 600 μg/g of soil. No TPH removal was observed at −5°C. Total carbon dioxide production suggested that TPH removal was due to biological mineralization. Bacterial metabolic activity, indicated by RNA/DNA ratios, was higher in the middle of the experiment (day 21) than at the start, in agreement with measured hydrocarbon removal and carbon dioxide production activities. The total numbers of culturable heterotrophs and of hydrocarbon degraders did not change significantly over the 48 days of incubation in any of the treatments. At the end of the experiment, bacterial community structure, evaluated by ribosomal intergenic spacer length analysis, was very similar in all of the treatments but the alternating 7 and −5°C treatment.
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Baptista, Sandro José, Magali Christe Cammarota, and Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire. "Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, spe (2005): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000400031.
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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.
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Alimzhanova, M. B., M. B. Abilev, M. M. Kuandykova, B. N. Kenessov, and D. K. Kamysbayev. "Rapid Screening Method for the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 14, no. 2 (2012): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj112.
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Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in water is an important tool for monitoring of contamination due to oil spills or leaking storage tanks. In this study, a screening method for the quantification of total petroleum hydrocarbons in water based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is presented. Extraction of hydrocarbons from water samples were conducted by SPME fiber coating placed into the headspace above water. Petroleum hydrocarbons were desorbed from the fiber coating in the injection port of gas chromatograph. The effect of the following parameters affecting the distribution of the analytes between three phases on the response of TPH were studied: SPME fiber coating type and dimensions, extraction temperature, extraction time and pH. The optimized method uses 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating, extraction time 600 s, extraction temperature 80 °C, without addition of salt at basic pH. The developed method was successfully applied for detection of total petroleum hydrocarbons in water taken from Koschagyl oil fields and Koschagyl village.
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Basim, Yalda, Ghasemali Mohebali, Sahand Jorfi, et al. "Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils using indigenous bacterial consortium." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 7, no. 2 (2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2020.15.
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Background: Biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds is a great environmental concern due to their toxic nature and ubiquitous occurrence. In this study, biodegradation potential of oily soils was investigated in an oil field using indigenous bacterial consortium. Methods: The bacterial strains present in the contaminated and non-contaminated soils were identified via DNA extraction using 16S rDNA gene sequencing during six months. Furthermore, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were removed from oil-contaminated soils. The TPH values were determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: The bacterial consortium identified in oil-contaminated soils (case) belonged to the families Halomonadaceae (91.5%) and Bacillaceae (8.5%), which was significantly different from those identified in non-contaminated soils (control) belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae (84.6%), Paenibacillaceae (6%), and Bacillaceae (9.4%). It was revealed that the diversity of bacterial strains was less in oil-contaminated soils and varied significantly between case and control samples. Indigenous bacterial consortium was used in oil-contaminated soils without need for amplification of heterogeneous bacteria and the results showed that the identified bacterial strains could be introduced as a sufficient consortium for biodegradation of oil-contaminated soils with similar texture, which is one of the innovative aspects of this research. Conclusion: An oil-contaminated soil sample with TPH concentration of 1640 mg/kg was subjected to bioremediation during 6 months using indigenous bacterial consortium and a TPH removal efficiency of 28.1% was obtained.
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Jain, Pankaj Kumar. "TREATMENT PETROLEUM OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL BY INOCULATION OF DIFFERENT BACTERIAL STRAINS." Bacterial Empire 2, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2019.2.1.1-5.
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Petroleum oil contains a large number of poly cyclic hydrocarbons (PAH's) that are toxic to living beings. The complete degradation of petroleum oil required a population of microorganisms in the soil. In the present investigation petroleum oil contaminated soil samples were incubated with four bacterial strains (Mycobacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae) to study the bioremediation efficacy. The soil samples were analyzed for soil reaction (pH), soil moisture content, soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (P), total petroleum hydrocarbon content (TPH), total bacterial count (TBC) and total petroleum degrading bacteria at the interval of 0 days (initial), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks prior and after treatment by bacteria. Values obtained reveals that there was a clear modulating effect of bacteria on above determinations. Maximum decrements in TPH (86%), soil pH (18.2%) and SOC (40%) were recorded in Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated samples.
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Gofar, Nuni. "Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Decomposing Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.39-45.
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The research was done to obtain the isolates of soil borne fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere which were capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. The soil samples were collected from South Sumatra mangrove forest which was contaminated by petroleum. The isolates obtained were selected based on their ability to survive, to grow and to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in medium containing petroleum residue. There were 3 isolates of soil borne hydrocarbonoclastic fungi which were able to degrade petroleum in vitro. The 3 isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigates, A. parasiticus, and Chrysonilia sitophila. C. sitophila was the best isolate to decrease total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from medium containing 5-20% petroleum residue.Keywords: Hydrocarbonoclastic fungi, hydrocarbon compounds, mangrove rhizosphere
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Mykhailova, Larysa, Tomas Fischer, and Valentina Iurchenko. "DEPOSITION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS WITH SEDIMENT TRAPPED IN SNOW IN ROADSIDE AREAS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 22, no. 3 (2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2014.889698.
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Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) deposition rates were determined along various roads using the natural snow cover as deposition trap. Daily deposition rates decreased with distance from the roads, which coincided with long-term TPH accumulation in roadside soils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) of the snow meltwater sediment revealed occurrence of carbon-rich plaques, which were identified as hydrocarbons using FTIR-microscopy. GC-MS revealed that the compounds extracted from the sediment consisted of an unresolved complex hydrocarbon mixture (UCM). Individual n-alkanes could not be resolved in the sediment extract, whereas TPHs extracted from soils contained a series of n-alkanes peaking at C25-C27. The proportion of UCM compounds from TPHs decreased with distance from road. We conclude that high-boiling hydrocarbons bind to coarse mineral dust and/or to splash water and vehicle spray, which preferentially deposit within a 10 m roadside strip.
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Mykhailova, Larysa, Thomas Fischer, and Valentina Iurchenko. "Distribution and Fractional Composition of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Roadside Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/938703.
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Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations and their fractional composition (medium fraction: n-alkane chain-length C15 to C27, heavy fraction: >C27) were determined at distances from 1 to 60 m from roads and at soil depths from 0.5 to 15 cm. The traffic intensities were up to 25000 vehicles per day. Soil TPH concentrations were highest within 15 m distance (665 and 3198 mg kg−1at the windward and leeward sides, resp.), followed by a rapid drop to background values beyond (196 and 115 mg kg−1in 60 m distance at the windward and leeward sides, resp.). The data variability was lowest at distances of 1 m and highest within tree plantations at distances of 15 m from the road. The TPH concentrations decreased with depth but were significantly higher than the background at all depths investigated. A principal component analysis revealed a positive relation between the medium-to-heavy fraction ratio and soil depth. A fractional differentiation of hydrocarbons with distance from road was not observed. It was concluded that the assessment of the potential of hydrocarbons to translocate, accumulate, or degrade in soil necessitates their subdivision into fractions based on their physicochemical and metabolic properties.
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Yogaswara, Deny, and Khozanah Khozanah. "Spatial Distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in Sediment of Sumba Sea, Nusa Tenggara Timur." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2018.v3i2.193.
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Sumba Sea is an Indo-Australian tectonic plate transition zone that has a huge biodiversities resources and also behalf of an international shipping lane zone from southern of Indonesia to Australia and New Zealand, and as the return. In addition, Sumba Sea is also a kind of outer boundary of Indonesia, that is necessary to do basic environmental monitoring as the authorities in the management of outer sea zone. Indonesia does not have representative environmental quality database including the pollution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). This study purposes to determine the partial distribution and concentration of TPH in sediments in Sumba Sea, East Nusa Tenggara. The research was conducted in August 2016 using Research Vessel of Baruna Jaya VIII. Samples were collected using a box core, preserved in amber glass jar bottle and stored at 4°C for further analysis in the laboratory. In the laboratory, sediment samples were extracted using dichloromethane and n-hexane for three times extraction. Furthermore, samples were evaporated before added by tetrachloroethylene solvent. Samples were measured with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) at wavelength 2850-2950 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed that the pollution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in the Sumba Sea was detected at all sampling station based on identified of hydrocarbon functional groups. The partial distribution of TPH is evenly distributed and covered all stations on low concentrations. The highest concentration of TPH was detected at station 10 as 4.348 ppm
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Rauckyte, Teresa, Sławomir Żak, Zenon Pawlak, and Adekunle Oloyede. "DETERMINATION OF OIL AND GREASE, TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND VOLATILE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 3 (2010): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.19.
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This paper describes a case study of petroleum‐contaminated soil/sediment samples which were analyzed using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), volatile aromatic com‐pounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene by GC‐MS, and oil and grease (O/G) con‐tent by sonication in hexane. The ratio of (TPH) / (O/G) shows that the hydrocarbon fraction is between 7% and 87%. The content of volatile organic fraction BTEX accounts for only a small proportion of total TPH, and the ratio of (BTEX) / (TPH) ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. It should be stressed that the use of TPH methods as against gas chromatography must be done with care because the potential risk posed by BTEX compounds may not be adequately addressed. Santrauka Aprašomi nafta užterštu dirvožemio bei dumblo pavyzdžiai, kuriuose duju chromatografijos būdu GC‐FIDnustatytas bendrasis naftos angliavandeniliu kiekis (TPH), o GC‐MS – lakieji aromatiniai junginiai: benzenas, toluenas, etilbenzenas ir ksilenai (BTEX) bei naftalenas. Sonifikacijos n‐heksane būdu nustatytas alieju ir riebalu (O/G) kiekis. TPH ir O/G santykis rodo, kad angliavandeniliu frakcijos yra nuo 7% iki 87%. Lakioji organine frakcija (BTEX) sudaro palyginti maža bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) dali, o BTEX ir TPH santykis svyruoja nuo 0,1% iki 0,6%. Ypač vertetu atkreipti demesi i bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) nustatyma duju chromatografijos būdu, nes galimas lakiosios organines frakcijos (BTEX) pavojingumas gali būti nepakankamai ivertintas. Peзюме Описаны образцы почвы и седимента, в которых способом хроматографии газа GC-FID определено общее количество нефтяных углеводородов (TPH), при помощи GC-MS установлены летучие ароматические соединения: бензол, толуол, этилобензол, ксилолы (BTEX) и нафталин. Способом сонификации в н-гексане определено количество масел и жиров (O/G). Отношение (TPH) / (O/G) свидетельствует о том, что в них содержится от 7% до 87% фракции углеводородов. Летучие ароматические соединения составляют относительно небольшую часть cyммарных нефтяных углеводородов, а отношение (BTEX) / (TPH) колеблется в пределах 0,1–0,6%. Особое внимание следует обратить на определение общего количества нефтяных углеводородов (TPH) способом хроматографии газа в связи с тем, что может быть не полноcтью оценена возможная опасность летучих ароматических соединений (BTEX).
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Handrianto, Prasetyo. "MIKROORGANISME PENDEGRADASI TPH (TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON) SEBAGAI AGEN BIOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR MINYAK BUMI (Review Article)." Jurnal SainHealth 2, no. 2 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/jsh.v2i2.287.35-42.
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Exploitation and exploration activities will produce sewage sludge and crude oil spills that cause pollution to the environment and upgrading to the environment, biology and soil chemistry. Monitoring of oil pollution conditions on the soil can be done by detection of all hydrocarbon components, or what is called the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). According to its components, this total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) can be classified into 3 points, aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic. One of the biological efforts that can be used to overcome petroleum pollution is by using bioremediation technology. There are several methods in bioremediation, one of which is the biostimulation method, where the growth of the original hydrocarbon decomposers is stimulated by adding nutrients, oxygen, pH optimization and temperature. Hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms have characteristic not possessed by other microorganisms, namely their ability to excrete hydroxylase enzymes, which are hydrocarbon oxidizing enzymes, so that these bacteria can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. Biodegradation can be formed if there is a structural transformation so that cahnges in molecular integrity occur. This process is a series of enzymatic or biochemical reaction that require ideal environmental conditions with the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. Something that need to be known before remediation are pollutants (organic or inorganic), degraded/ not, dangerous/ not, how many pollutants pollute the soil, the ratio of carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and phophorus (P), soil type, soil conditions (wet dry), and how long pollutants have been deposited in these locations
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Ololade, Issac, Labunmi Lajide, and Isiaka Amoo. "Spatial trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments." Open Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2009): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0086-4.
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AbstractSeasonal changes in petroleum hydrocarbons in water and streambed sediment from selected oil-related areas of Ondo State, Nigeria have been examined using gravimetric and infrared methods. The highest and lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations (TPH) in water (sediments in brackets) gravimetrically were 3.49 mg L−1 (199.3) mg kg−1 and 0.003 mg L−1 (81.0) mg kg−1 while the concentrations found by IR were 24.0 mg L−1 (135.0 mg kg−1) and 14.0 mg L−1 (33.0 mg kg−1) respectively. The two seasons were positively correlated (α = 0.01) by both methods. The TPH level was well correlated with the sediment organic carbon (OC) during both seasons. The characteristic carbonyl (C=O) vibrations at 1650 cm−1 and 1700 cm−1 indicate oxidation of the oil residue. The study recommends further investigation into the type of organics present to evaluate their toxicity and appropriate remediation.
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Salam, Mir Md Abdus, Muhammad Mohsin, Fahad Rasheed, Muhammad Ramzan, Zikria Zafar, and Pertti Pulkkinen. "Assessment of European and hybrid aspen clones efficiency based on height growth and removal percentage of petroleum hydrocarbons—a field trial." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 36 (2020): 45555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10453-4.
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AbstractSoils polluted by organic or inorganic pollutants are an emerging global environmental issue due to their toxic effects. A phytoremediation experiment was conducted to evaluate the extraction potential of three European aspen clones (R2, R3, and R4) and seven hybrid aspen clones (14, 27, 34, 134, 172, 191, and 291) grown in soils polluted with hydrocarbons (includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)). Height growth, plant survival rates, and .hydrocarbon removal efficiencies were investigated over a 4-year period at a site in Somerharju, Luumaki Finland, to assess the remediation potential of the clones. Hydrocarbon content in the soil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that hybrid aspen clones 14 and 34 and European aspen clone R3 achieved greater height growth (171, 171, and 114 cm, respectively) than the other clones in the study. Further, the greatest removals of PAH (90% at depth 10–50 cm) and (86% at depth 5–10 cm) were observed in plot G15 planted with clone R2. Furthermore, the greatest TPH removal rate at 5–10 cm depth (C22–C40, 97%; C10–C40, 96%; and C10–C21, 90%) was observed in plot 117 with clone 134. However, other clones demonstrated an ability to grow in soils with elevated levels of TPH and PAH, which indicates their tolerance to hydrocarbons and their potential capacity for phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils. Our study suggests that European aspen and hybrid aspen clones could be used for the remediation of soils polluted with PAH and TPH.
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Yang, Bo Ming, Chih Ming Kao, Chiu Wen Chen, Wen Pei Sung, and Rao Y. Surampalli. "Application of In Situ Chemical Oxidation for the Remediation of TPH-Contaminated Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.196.
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Soils at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites are contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study, laboratory bench-scale experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of applying in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) on the treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Three different oxidation processes including Fenton’s oxidation, persulfate oxidation, and permanganate oxidation were evaluated with initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of approximately 3,920 mg/kg. The major control factors were oxidant species (hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, permanganate) and soil to liquid volume ratios (1 to 3). The oxidant concentration was 5 wt.%. Ferrous iron was used as the catalyst during the Fenton’s oxidation and persulfate oxidation processes, and the oxidant to ferrous iron molar ratio was 1 to 0.1. Among these three oxidation processes, contaminated soils treated by permanganate oxidation had the highest TPH removal efficiency (94% of TPH removal) during 360 min of operation. Approximately 75 and 61% of TPH removal was observed in batch experiments applying Fenton’s oxidation and persulfate oxidation, respectively. Due to the consumption of ferrous iron (used as the catalytic chemical) in the early stage during the operational period, both persulfate and Fenton’s oxidation processes had less TPH removal efficiencies. Frequent supplement of catalyst is required when persulfate and Fenton’s oxidation is applied for field application. Results from this study indicate that the ISCO scheme is a feasible technology for the treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils within a short treatment period. The experimental results can be used for a scale-up system for practical application.
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McIntosh, Patrick, Cristian P. Schulthess, Yulia A. Kuzovkina, and Karl Guillard. "Bioremediation and phytoremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) under various conditions." International Journal of Phytoremediation 19, no. 8 (2017): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1284753.
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Mrayyan, Bassam, and Mohammad Battikhi. "Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in Jordanian petroleum sludge." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 2 (2004): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2004.005511.
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Zhang, Wen Jing, Yu Ling Zhang, and Huan Chi Jin. "Mechanism of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater Remediated by Scoria." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.72.
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Scoria which is a kind of natural light bone material was selected as the reaction media of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in this study. The aim is to investigate the scoria’s adsorption kinetics, adsorption isothermal model and reaction mechanism during the process of its purification to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. Parallel batch tests showed that the removal efficiency of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) was 87.91% when the experiment time to 90 min. The adsorption of scoria to TPH was well fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm, with the kinetic formula t/Qt=2.3082t+20.692 and the isothermal equation 1/Qe=6.5644/Ce+0.0007, respectively. It was also shown that the apparent maximum adsorption capacity of scoria was 1.7g/g. Analysis results from SEM, IR, XRD and other methods indicated that scoria’s composition and its material structure were closely related to the remediation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. However, it was not only physical adsorption but also chemical adsorption happened during scoria’s adsorption process. The results could provide a reliable reaction medium for PRB technology which used in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater remediation.
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Boopathy, Sinduja, Merline Sheela Appavoo, and Ilamathi Radhakrishnan. "Sunflower seed husk combined with poultry droppings to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated soil." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 5 (2020): 200361–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.361.
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To remediate crude oil-contaminated soil, poultry droppings and sunflower seed husk were incorporated at various concentrations. Initially, the pH, moisture content, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen content, and bacterial population of soil, poultry droppings, and sunflower seed husk were determined. The initial bacterial population was 35 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony forming units/g soil (dry weight basis). The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content in crude oil-contaminated soil was 7,048.4 mg/kg, in which 857.9 mg/kg accounted for eicosane. Naphthalene and acenaphthalene were the two polyhydroxy aromatic hydrocarbons present in soil at low concentrations. After the amendment, the pH, moisture content, microbial population, and TPH content of soil were determined on days 20, 40, and 60. The TPH concentration was considerably decreased in the treatment T4 wherein 250 g of soil was mixed with 125 g of poultry droppings and 125 g of sunflower seed husk. The indigenous bacterial population was also increased tremendously. The dehydrogenase enzyme activity was increased in the amended soil (T4: 0.74 ± 0.06 μg TPF/g/h). After the treatment of soil, the germination percentage and vigour index of maize, lady’s finger and tomato seeds were enhanced.
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Lim, Young-Kwan, Jeong-Min Kim, Jong-Ryeol Kim, Min-Jeong Kwon, Kyoung-Heum Lee, and Seong-Hyun Ryu. "Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Domestic Distribution Petroleum." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 27, no. 5 (2016): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1065.
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Kaplan, Christopher W., and Christopher L. Kitts. "Bacterial Succession in a Petroleum Land Treatment Unit." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (2004): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1777-1786.2004.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial community dynamics were investigated in a land treatment unit (LTU) established at a site contaminated with highly weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in the C10 to C32 range. The treatment plot, 3,000 cubic yards of soil, was supplemented with nutrients and monitored weekly for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), soil water content, nutrient levels, and aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts. Weekly soil samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to monitor bacterial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation. TPH degradation was rapid during the first 3 weeks and slowed for the remainder of the 24-week project. A sharp increase in plate counts was reported during the first 3 weeks, indicating an increase in biomass associated with petroleum degradation. Principal components analysis of TRF patterns revealed a series of sample clusters describing bacterial succession during the study. The largest shifts in bacterial community structure began as the TPH degradation rate slowed and the bacterial cell counts decreased. For the purpose of analyzing bacterial dynamics, phylotypes were generated by associating TRFs from three enzyme digests with 16S rRNA gene clones. Two phylotypes associated with Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were dominant in TRF patterns from samples during rapid TPH degradation. After the TPH degradation rate slowed, four other phylotypes gained dominance in the community while Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas phylotypes decreased in abundance. These data suggest that specific phylotypes of bacteria were associated with the different phases of petroleum degradation in the LTU.
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Vane, C. H., S. R. Chenery, I. Harrison, A. W. Kim, V. Moss-Hayes, and D. G. Jones. "Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb, 207/206 Pb, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1938 (2011): 1085–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0298.
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The sediment concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Pb and 207/206 Pb isotope ratios were measured in seven cores from the middle Clyde estuary (Scotland, UK) with an aim of tracking the late Anthropocene. Concentrations of TPHs ranged from 34 to 4386 mg kg −1 , total PAHs from 19 to 16 163 μ g kg −1 and total PCBs between less than 4.3 to 1217 μ g kg −1 . Inventories, distributions and isomeric ratios of the organic pollutants were used to reconstruct pollutant histories. Pre-Industrial Revolution and modern non-polluted sediments were characterized by low TPH and PAH values as well as high relative abundance of biogenic-sourced phenanthrene and naphthalene. The increasing industrialization of the Clyde gave rise to elevated PAH concentrations and PAH isomeric ratios characteristic of both grass/wood/coal and petroleum and combustion (specifically petroleum combustion). Overall, PAHs had the longest history of any of the organic contaminants. Increasing TPH concentrations and a concomitant decline in PAHs mirrored the lessening of coal use and increasing reliance on petroleum fuels from about the 1950s. Thereafter, declining hydrocarbon pollution was followed by the onset (1950s), peak (1965–1977) and decline (post-1980s) in total PCB concentrations. Lead concentrations ranged from 6 to 631 mg kg −1 , while 207/206 Pb isotope ratios spanned 0.838–0.876, indicative of various proportions of ‘background’, British ore/coal and Broken Hill type petrol/industrial lead. A chronology was established using published Pb isotope data for aerosol-derived Pb and applied to the cores.
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Sayed, Khalid, Lavania Baloo, and Naresh Kumar Sharma. "Bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation in Water with Floating Oil Spill Containment Booms as Bioreactor Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052226.
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A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.
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M. Ali, Nuhad, Sarra A.M. Saad, and Elamin A. Elamin. "Mobility of total petroleum hydrocarbons in Shambat soil in Sudan." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (2014): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-11-2013-0045.
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Purpose – A laboratory experiment was conducted in the soil laboratory in the Department of Environment and Environmental Pollution, Environment and Natural Resources Research Institute, National Centre for Research. The purpose of this paper is to study the movement of crude oil through soil column. Design/methodology/approach – Polyvinyl chloride columns were filled with Shambat soil, amended with three concentrations of light crude oil (0.16, 0.32, and 1.28 ppm), obtained from Petrodar Oil Company. Soil samples were taken from 5 and 10 cm depths after two, 14 and 28 days from crude oil addition. At each sampling date, the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons measured. Findings – The results obtained indicated that high by significant differences among the different concentrations, different depths and different sampling durations. Moreover, the downward mobility of petroleum hydrocarbons decreased with increasing crude oil concentration. Originality/value – Results of the experiment revealed the importance of studying the fate and mobility of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils in order to facilitate a proper reclamation practice specially in oil polluted sites.
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Suzdalev, Sergej, and Saulius Gulbinskas. "Total petroleum hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Lithuanian coastal area of the Baltic Sea." Baltica 27, special (2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.12.
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Operation of large oil import/export terminals and intensive shipping activities together with input of hazardous substances from terrestrial runoff and constantly developing cities makes the Lithuanian part of the Baltic Sea especially sensitive to contamination with oil products. The paper presents an overview of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) distribution in surface sediments at the Lithuanian near shore and within the Klaipėda State Seaport area – transitional marine-lagoon system. The study is based on the results of examination of surface sediment samples carried out in 2010–2012. The variations of TPH content in bottom sediments are explained by differences in grain size and the genesis of the investigated sediments as well as the degree of organic material decomposition. Extreme values obtained in the Klaipėda Strait area indicate presence of additional TPH contamination sources possibly of anthropogenic origin.
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Lv, Hang, Guang Yu Lin, Xiao Si Su, Ming Yao Liu, and Nai Wang. "Assessment Monitored Natural Attenuation Rate in a Petroleum Contaminated Shallow Aquifer." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2223.
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Contamination of groundwater and soil by petroleum hydrocarbons is a widespread environmental problem. In order to quantify the potential of natural attenuation of groundwater at a petroleum contaminated site. The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations of 11 rounds were collected during the 1 year monitoring period, and the mass flux technique is used to calculate the attenuation rates. The calculated attenuation rates are between 0.0046-0.0064d-1, which indicating the time to achieve the remediation goal for the contamination site is possible within 3 years by natural attenuation alone.
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Tang, J. C., R. G. Wang, X. W. Niu, M. Wang, H. R. Chu, and Q. X. Zhou. "Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors." Biogeosciences 7, no. 12 (2010): 3961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3961-2010.
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Abstract. Pilot experiments were conducted to analyse the effect of different environmental factors on the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Different plant species (cotton, ryegrass, tall fescue and alfalfa), the addition of fertilizer, different concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil, bioaugmentation with effective microbial agents (EMA) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and remediation time were tested as influencing factors during the bioremediation process of TPH. The results show that the remediation process can be enhanced by different plant species. The order of effectiveness of the plants was the following: tall fescue > ryegrass > alfalfa > cotton. The degradation rate of TPH increased with increased fertilizer addition, and a moderate urea level of 20 g N (Nitrogen)/m2 was best for both plant growth and TPH remediation. A high TPH content is toxic to plant growth and inhibits the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that a 5% TPH content gave the best degradation in soil planted with ryegrass. Bioaugmentation with different bacteria and PGPR yielded the following results for TPH degradation: cotton+EMA+PGPR > cotton+EMA > cotton+PGPR > cotton > control. Rapid degradation of TPH was found at the initial period of remediation caused by the activity of microorganisms. A continuous increase of degradation rate was found during the 30–90 days period followed by a slow increase during the 90–150 days period. These results suggest that rhizoremediation can be enhanced with the proper control of different influencing factors that affect both plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere environment.
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Saremnia, Betsabe, Akbar Esmaeili, and Mahmoud-Reza Sohrabi. "Removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons from oil refinery waste using granulated NaA zeolite nanoparticles modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 2 (2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0390.
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Petroleum pollution is a common problem in industrial areas to such an extent that it poses a global threat. The wastes of oil refineries contain a wide variety of hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from the Behregan oil refinery, Bushehr, Iran, by granulated nanozeolite NaA particles (NaA-ZNPs) modified with cationic surfactants. Synthesized NaA-ZNPs with a silica source extracted from Hordeum vulgare were granulated by an alginate granulation method and were modified by the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The CTAB-modified granulated NaA-ZNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory. Adsorption of TPH was studied using both a batch process and a continuous-flow process in a fixed-bed column. The effect of various parameters, including time, pH, adsorbent dosage, flow rate, and column height, were investigated and the results were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy. The efficiency of the CTAB-modified granulated NaA-ZNPs was evaluated with one-way analysis of variance software SPSS 21. The highest TPH removal efficiency for batch processing (92.3%) was achieved at an adsorbent dosage 0.5 mg, pH = 7, and 20 min of contact time; the highest TPH removal efficiency for continuous processing (87.4%) was achieved at 15 cm column height and a 17.26 mL/min flow rate. The results indicated the potential of CTAB-modified granulated NaA-ZNPs for absorbing TPH in treating oil refinery waste.
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N, Oyibo. "Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon by Molecularly Identified Bacteria Isolated From an Oilfield Wastewater in Nigeria." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000164.
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Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon is a complex process that depends on the nature and on the amount of the hydrocarbon present. Many microbial organisms have been shown to possess the capacity to biodegrade various components of hydrocarbon. Hence this study was aimed at assessing the potential of bacterial species isolated from oilfield wastewater to biodegrade total petroleum hydrocarbon in crude oil. Oilfield wastewater was collected from an onshore oil production platform. Standard procedures were observed during collection and microbiological analysis of wastewater samples. Bacteria isolated were identified using conventional and molecular methods. The biodegradation set up was done using six conical flasks containing basal medium of mineral salt broth and crude oil as the source of energy for growth. Bacteria isolated were identified as Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Myroides odaratimimus and Lysinibacillus species. Flasks of experimental set ups were inoculated with 1ml of individual isolate and mixed culture except the control. The biodegradation of TPH were periodically monitored for 35 days using Gas Chromatography (GC). Total viable counts (CFU/ML) obtained during the experiment ranged from 0-1.8×105, 1.65×105 - 3.2×106, 1.90×106 -1.28×107, 1.52×106 – 8.9×106, 1.13×106 – 1.48×107, 3.4×106 – 2.19×107 in control, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Myroides odaratimimus, Lysinibacillus species and the mixed culture treatment options respectively. The initial concentration of TPH at day 1 was 3241.47mg/l. At the end of the experiment (day 35), control, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Myroides odaratimimus, Lysinibacillus speccies and the mixed culture treatment options recorded final concentration of 2823.33, 363.72, 383.44, 284.55, 472.70 and 212.21mg/l respectively. Highest percentage removal of 93.5% was observed in the mixed culture while the least of 12.9% was observed in the control; individual species showed significant reduction in TPH with different capability. Results showed that bacteria isolated from oilfield wastewater have the ability to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and can be used in the clean-up of crude oil contaminated area.
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Hamoudi-Belarbi, Latifa, Safia Hamoudi, Khaled Belkacemi, L’Hadi Nouri, Leila Bendifallah, and Mohamed Khodja. "Bioremediation of Polluted Soil Sites with Crude Oil Hydrocarbons Using Carrot Peel Waste." Environments 5, no. 11 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5110124.
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The biostimulation potentials of carrot peel waste and carob kibbles for bioremediation of crude petroleum-oil polluted soil were investigated. Temperature, pH, moisture, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and changes in microbial counts during 45 days were monitored when 4 mL of carrot peel waste or carob kibbles media were added to 200 g of crude oil polluted soil samples. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to compare hydrocarbon present in the crude oil polluted soil and in pure fuel, composition of crude oil polluted soil was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the TPH was measured by distillation using distiller mud. The results showed that, at the end of experiments, the concentration of TPH decreased in crude oil polluted soil containing carrot peel waste with a percentage of 27 ± 1.90% followed by crude oil polluted soil containing carob kibbles (34 ± 1.80%) and in the unamended control soil (36 ± 1.27%), respectively. The log [Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g] of total heterotrophic bacteria in the crude oil polluted soil increased from 10.46 ± 0.91 to 13.26 ± 0.84 for carrot peel waste, from 11.01 ± 0.56 to 11.99 ± 0.77 for carob kibbles and from 8.18 ± 0.39 to 8.84 ± 0.84 for control, respectively. Such results demonstrated that carrot peel could be used to enhance activities of the microbial hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria during bioremediation of crude petroleum-oil polluted soil.
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Bulatovic, Sandra, Nenad Maric, Tatjana Solevic-Knudsen, et al. "Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons applied at a site in Belgrade (Serbia)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 8 (2020): 1067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc191023003b.
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Due to their extensive use, petroleum hydrocarbons are among the most common groundwater contaminants. Compared to the traditional methods of physical pumping of contamination from the aquifer and subsequent treatment (i.e., pump and treat), bioremediation is an economically cost-effective technology. The aim of this remediation approach is to transform biologically contaminants, most often by microbiological activity, into non-toxic compounds. More precisely, it is an active remediation process that involves biostimulation (increase of aquifer oxygenation, addition of nutrients) and/or bioaugmentation (injection of a concentrated and specialized population of microorganisms). Using both biostimulation and bioaugmentation, enhanced in situ groundwater bioremediation was applied at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Belgrade. The bioremediation treatment, applied over twelve months, was highly efficient in reducing the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) to acceptable levels. The concentration of TPH in the piezometer P-5 was reduced by 98.55 %, in the piezometer P-6 by 98.30 % and in the piezometer P-7 by 98.09 %. These results provided strong evidence on the potential of this remediation approach to overcome site-limiting factors and enhance microbiological activity in order to reduce groundwater contamination.
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Steliga, Teresa, Katarzyna Wojtowicz, Piotr Kapusta, and Joanna Brzeszcz. "Assessment of Biodegradation Efficiency of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in Soil Using Three Individual Bacterial Strains and Their Mixed Culture." Molecules 25, no. 3 (2020): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030709.
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Biodegradation is one of the most effective and profitable methods for the elimination of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from the environment. In this study, aerobic degradation of the mentioned pollutants by bacterial strains Mycolicibacterium frederiksbergense IN53, Rhodococcus erythropolis IN129, and Rhodococcus sp. IN306 and mixed culture M1 developed based on those strains at 1:1:1 ratio was analyzed. The effectiveness of individual strains and of the mixed culture was assessed based on carried out respirometric tests and chromatographic analyses. The Rhodococcus sp. IN306 turned out most effective in terms of 18 PCB congeners biodegradation (54.4%). The biodegradation index was decreasing with an increasing number of chlorine atoms in a molecule. Instead, the Mycolicobacterium frederiksbergense IN53 was the best TPH degrader (37.2%). In a sterile soil, contaminated with PCBs and TPH, the highest biodegradation effectiveness was obtained using inoculation with mixed culture M1, which allowed to reduce both the PCBs (51.8%) and TPH (34.6%) content. The PCBs and TPH biodegradation capacity of the defined mixed culture M1 was verified ex-situ with prism method in a non-sterile soil polluted with aged petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and spent transformer oil (PCBs). After inoculation with mixed culture M1, the PCBs were reduced during 6 months by 84.5% and TPH by 70.8% as well as soil toxicity was decreased.
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Labianca, Claudia, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Picardi, Francesco Todaro, and Michele Notarnicola. "Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site by Soil Vapor Extraction: A Full-Scale Case Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124261.
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Spills, leaks, and other environmental aspects associated with petroleum products cause hazards to human health and ecosystems. Chemicals involved are total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), solvents, pesticides, and other heavy metals. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is one of the main in-situ technologies currently employed for the remediation of groundwater and vadose zone contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The performance of an SVE remediation system was examined for a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with attention to remediation targets and final performance. The study assessed: (1) the efficiency of a full-scale remediation system and (2) the influence of parameters affecting the treatment system effectiveness. Results showed how VOC concentration in soil was highly reduced after four year treatment with a global effectiveness of 73%. Some soil samples did not reach the environmental threshold limits and, therefore, an extension of the remediation period was required. The soil texture, humidity, permeability, and the category of considered pollutants were found to influence the amount of total extracted VOCs.
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Margesin, R., D. Labb�, F. Schinner, C. W. Greer, and L. G. Whyte. "Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbial Populations in Contaminated and Pristine Alpine Soils." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (2003): 3085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3085-3092.2003.
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ABSTRACT Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold environments, including Alpine soils, is a result of indigenous cold-adapted microorganisms able to degrade these contaminants. In the present study, the prevalence of seven genotypes involved in the degradation of n-alkanes (Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkB; Acinetobacter spp. alkM; Rhodococcus spp. alkB1, and Rhodococcus spp. alkB2), aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida xylE), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida ndoB and Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 nidA) was determined in 12 oil-contaminated (428 to 30,644 mg of total petroleum hydrocarbons [TPH]/kg of soil) and 8 pristine Alpine soils from Tyrol (Austria) by PCR hybridization analyses of total soil community DNA, using oligonucleotide primers and DNA probes specific for each genotype. The soils investigated were also analyzed for various physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, and statistical correlations between all parameters were determined. Genotypes containing genes from gram-negative bacteria (P. putida alkB, xylE, and ndoB and Acinetobacter alkM) were detected to a significantly higher percentage in the contaminated (50 to 75%) than in the pristine (0 to 12.5%) soils, indicating that these organisms had been enriched in soils following contamination. There was a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the level of contamination and the number of genotypes containing genes from P. putida and Acinetobacter sp. but no significant correlation between the TPH content and the number of genotypes containing genes from gram-positive bacteria (Rhodococcus alkB1 and alkB2 and Mycobacterium nidA). These genotypes were detected at a high frequency in both contaminated (41.7 to 75%) and pristine (37.5 to 50%) soils, indicating that they are already present in substantial numbers before a contamination event. No correlation was found between the prevalence of hydrocarbon-degradative genotypes and biological activities (respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, lipase activity) or numbers of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading soil microorganisms; there also was no correlation between the numbers of hydrocarbon degraders and the contamination level. The measured biological activities showed significant positive correlation with each other, with the organic matter content, and partially with the TPH content and a significant negative correlation with the soil dry-mass content (P < 0.05 to 0.001).
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Arias Trinidad, Alfredo, María Del Carmen Rivera Cruz, Antonio Roldán Garrigós, Lorenzo Armando Aceves Navarro, Roberto Quintero-Lizaola, and Javier Hernández Guzmán. "Uso de Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) en la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con petróleo fresco e intemperizado." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1 (2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.22967.
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The oil industry has generated chronic oil spills and their accumulation in wetlands of the state of Tabasco, in Southeastern Mexico. Waterlogging is a factor that limits the use of remediation technologies because of its high cost and low levels of oil degradation. However, Leersia hexandra is a grass that grows in these contaminated areas with weathered oil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria density, plant biomass production and phytoremediation of L. hexandra in contaminated soil. For this, two experiments in plastic tunnel were performed with fresh (E1) and weathered petroleum (E2) under waterlogging experimental conditions. The E1 was based on eight doses: 6 000, 10 000, 30 000, 60 000, 90 000, 120 000, 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 dry basis (d. b.) of total petroleum hydrocarbons fresh (TPH-F), and the E2, that evaluated five doses: 14 173, 28 400, 50 598, 75 492 and 112 142 mg. kg-1 d. b. of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathered (TPH-W); a control treatment with 2 607 mg.kg-1 d. b. was used. Each experiment, with eight replicates per treatment, evaluated after three and six months: a) microbial density of total free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) of Azospirillum (AZP) and Azotobacter group (AZT), for viable count in serial plate; b) dry matter production (DMP), quantified gravimetrically as dry weight of L. hexandra; and c) the decontamination percentage of hydrocarbons (PDH) by Soxhlet extraction. In soil with TPH-F, the NFB, AZP y AZT populations were stimulated five times more than the control both at the three and six months; however, concentrations of 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 d. b. inhibited the bacterial density between 70 and 89 %. Likewise, in soil with TPH-W, the FNB, AZP and AZT inhibitions were 90 %, with the exception of the 14 173 mg.kg-1 d. b. treatment, which stimulated the NFB and AZT in 2 and 0.10 times more than the control, respectively. The DMP was continued at the six months in the experiments, with values of 63 and 89 g in fresh and weathered petroleum, respectively; had no significant differences with the control (p≤0.05). The PDH reached values of 66 to 87 % both TPH-F and TPH-W at six months, respectively. These results demonstrated the ability the L. hexandra rhizosphere to stimulate the high NFB density, vegetal biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils (with fresh and weathered petroleum), in a tropical waterlogging environment.
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Khatibi, Shahrzad, and Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini. "Assessment of Certain Plant Species degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (2018): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.01017.
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Biological techniques, especially phytoremediation, have long been recognized as cost-effective and environment friendly to eliminate pollutants from soil. This article is based on a study conducted to assess the capability of alfalfa, ryegrass and white clover to remove total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from soil. The presence of petroleum contamination significantly decreased germination percentage and rate along with biomass of alfalfa and white clover compared to uncontaminated soil. With regards to ryegrass, there was no significant difference in seed germination percentage and biomass, although the presence of petroleum decreased seed germination rate. The results indicated that these plants had effect on TPHs remediation; and removal of TPH from soil was directly related to density levels and time. Therefore, alfalfa and ryegrass in their highest density levels reduced the maximum concentration of TPHs at the end of the experiment by almost 64.41% and 60.36%, respectively, whereas only slight changes were observed in non-vegetated soil.
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Lambert, P., M. Fingas, and M. Goldthorp. "An evaluation of field total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) systems." Journal of Hazardous Materials 83, no. 1-2 (2001): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00328-9.
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Masu, Smaranda, Luminita Cojocariu, Eugenia Grecu, et al. "Lolium Perenne - A Phytoremediation Option in Case of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polluted Soils." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 5 (2018): 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.5.6270.
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Rehabilitation of polluted soils with petroleum products requires a re-vegetation strategy to obtain a green mass cover that can quickly and efficiently cover the polluted soil. For the gradual recovery of the destroyed soil, it was necessary: 1. adequate soil treatments with fertilizer i.e. sewage sludge and fly ash as amendment, 2. plant species selection, 3. agronomical works in accordance with geographical position and climatic conditions. Fertilizers and fly ash create conditions for plant installation, by nutrients insurance. Our experiment was conducted in pots with 91.73�11.12 [gKg-1 D.M (dry matter)] total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) polluted soil, fertilised with sewage sludge and fly ash 60 [tha-1] derived from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal power plants. The selected plant species for bio-remediation is Lolium perenne. The selected plant species Lolium perenne is installed on 50-90% of the land surface giving 8 successive crops of grass in the warm season. The TPH reductions of polluted and treated soil were 38.4-56.3 [%]. The biomass did not bioaccumulate chromium at the detection limit. The amounts of cadmium, lead and zink bioaccumulated in the aerial parts were below acceptable limits. The obtained biomass can be used as animal feed or for bedding in shelters. The soil remediation efficiencies of 91.73 � 11.12 [gKg-1 D.M] were directly proportional to the amount of fly ash used.
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Micle, Valer, and Ioana Monica Sur. "Experimental Investigation of a Pilot-Scale Concerning Ex-Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soils." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158165.
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The soil samples were taken from the site of a former oil products depot from an industrial area (Romania). The soil samples taken were analyzed from a physical and chemical point of view: texture, pH, soil micronutrient content, metals concentration and petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (PHCs). The soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH (4280 mg kg−1) was disposed in the form of a pile (L × W × H: 3000 × 1400 × 500 mm). Experiments on a pilot-scale were conducted over 12 weeks at constant pH (7.5–8), temperature (22–32 °C), nutrient contents C/N/P ratio 100/10/1, soil aeration time (8 h/day) and moisture (30%). Samples were taken every two weeks for the monitoring of the TPH and the microorganisms content. During the experiment, microorganisms were added (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) every two weeks. Results of the analyses regarding the concentration of PHCs were revealed a linear decrease of the concentration of PHCs after only two weeks of treatment. This decrease in concentration was also achieved in the following weeks. Following the analysis performed on the model at the pilot scale regarding the depollution process, it can be concluded that a soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons can be efficiently depolluted by performing an aeration of 8 h/day, adding microorganisms Pseudomonas and Bacillus to ensure the conditions for increasing in the total number of germs (colony forming units–CFU) from 151 × 105 to 213 × 107 CFU g−1 soil, after 12 weeks of soil treatment—the depollution efficiency achieved is 83%.
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ÇİFTÇİ TÜRETKEN, Pelin Saliha, Gülşen ALTUĞ, and Esra Billur BALCIOĞLU. "Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Levels in the Surface Water of Lake Sapanca, Turkey." Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 4, no. 3 (2019): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35229/jaes.572803.
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Primeia, Sandia, Chihiro Inoue, and Mei-Fang Chien. "Potential of Biosurfactants’ Production on Degrading Heavy Oil by Bacterial Consortia Obtained from Tsunami-Induced Oil-Spilled Beach Areas in Miyagi, Japan." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080577.
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Bioremediation is one of the promising environment-friendly approaches to eliminate oil contamination. However, heavy oil is known to degrade slowly due to its hydrophobicity. Therefore, microorganisms capable of producing biosurfactants are gaining substantial interest because of their potential to alter hydrocarbon properties and thereby speed up the degradation process. In this study, six bacterial consortia were obtained from the oil-spilled beach areas in Miyagi, Japan, and all of which exhibited high potential in degrading heavy oil measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The polymerase chain reaction—denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that the diverse microbial community in each consortium changed with subculture and became stable with a few effective microorganisms after 15 generations. The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation ability of the consortia obtained from a former gas station (C1: 81%) and oil refinery company (C6: 79%) was higher than that of the consortia obtained from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (C3: 67%, and C5: 73%), indicating that bacteria present in C1 and C6 were historically exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons. Moreover, it was intriguing that the consortium C4, also obtained from WWTP, exhibited high TPH degradation ability (77%). The NGS results revealed that two bacteria, Achromobacter sp. and Ochrobactrum sp., occupied more than 99% of the consortium C4, while no Pseudomonas sp. was found in C4, though this bacterium was observed in other consortia and is also known to be a potential candidate for TPH degradation as reported by previous studies. In addition, the consortium C4 showed high biosurfactant-producing ability among the studied consortia. To date, no study has reported the TPH degradation by the combination of Achromobacter sp. and Ochrobactrum sp.; therefore, the consortium C4 provided an excellent opportunity to study the interaction of and biosurfactant production by these two bacteria during TPH degradation.
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Sun, Xiao Nan, An Ping Liu, Wen Ting Sun, and Shu Chang Jin. "Study of Migration of Different Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Components in Soil." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.198.
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This paper is about the migration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination, which concludes the migration rule of the TPH contamination through designing indoor soil column leaching experiment. Through researching the migration concentration of different components of TPH, experiment concludes that different components have different relative transfer abilities in typical soil, and the transfer ability has an inverse relation to the molecular weight and the ring numbers of aromatic hydrocarbon. The purpose of this research is to provide guidance to nonproliferation and remediation of the petroleum contamination.