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Carpinetti, Luiz C. R., Fernando C. A. Santos, and M. A. Gonçalves. "Human resources and total quality management: case studies in Brazilian companies." TQM Magazine 10, no. 2 (April 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544789810211416.
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Edwards, Paul, Margaret Collinson, and Chris Rees. "The Determinants of Employee Responses to Total Quality Management: Six Case Studies." Organization Studies 19, no. 3 (May 1998): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069801900304.
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Total quality management has been a central element in many efforts directed towards organizational change. Theories tend to fall into two extreme camps, which hold either that TQM transforms attitudes and behaviour or that it is nothing but a means to intensify work and tighten managerial control. More recent analysis is more balanced, but lacks quantitative data on employee responses and also neglects the varying contexts in which TQM exists. This study addresses these issues by taking six named organizations from different sectors of the UK economy and by blending qualitative interviewing with a survey of 280 employees. Findings show a wide acceptance of quality principles but (in contrast to the transformation view) little evidence of substantial empowerment of workers. Compared with the intensification view, growing work effort was not widely disliked, and, crucially, favourable views of quality were strongest, not weakest, where the monitoring of workers was most intense. Multivariate analysis supports the 'disciplined worker' thesis, that quality is most accepted where there is a controlled work environment. Case material indicates that the conditions for success in quality programmes are notably high job security and a co-operative relationship with trade unions.
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Smith, Alan D. "Leveraging concepts of Knowledge Management with Total Quality Management: case studies in the service sector." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 5, no. 6 (2009): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2009.024795.
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Smith, Alan D., and O. Felix Offodile. "Data Collection Automation and Total Quality Management: Case Studies in the Health-Service Industry." Health Marketing Quarterly 25, no. 3 (August 22, 2008): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07359680802081811.
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Alghamdi, Hossain Abdulrahman, Mohammed A. Alfarhan, Reda Samkari, and Syed Hamid Hasan. "Total Quality Management Organizations role and support of employees." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2013): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i3.700.
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Nowadays most of known organizations are obsessed with product and service quality since customer's orientation has been shifted from product & service price to its quality. Thus, most of the organizations are willing to adopt the TQM concept and processes in order to achieve their objectives, meet their customer's expectations and attain competitive advantage. TQM is a management philosophy that seeks to integrate all organizational functions to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives. In this paper we will highlight the organization role and the support of the employees to reach the maximum degree of the TQM. We will also describe some Asian TQM case studies in order to summarize the most important factors for successful TQM implementation.
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Owusu Kwateng, Kwame, and Justice Eric Darko. "Total quality management practices in aquaculture companies: a case from Ghana." TQM Journal 29, no. 4 (June 12, 2017): 624–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-03-2017-0027.
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Purpose Studies on managers’ awareness level of total quality management (TQM) in the aquaculture industry in Ghana are scarce, if existing at all. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the awareness level of managers in Ghana’s aquaculture industry about TQM practices and how it is applied in their operations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, simple random sampling technique was used to select 52 respondents from aquaculture companies in Ghana. The respondents were managers and supervisors who have better understanding of organizational operations and quality management issues. Managers and supervisors considered for the study include quality managers, operational/production managers, supervisors, and also top managers. Findings The findings from the study depict that respondents’ awareness level about TQM practices and concepts in the aquaculture industry are acceptable and they agree to the fact that TQM is a way of guaranteeing high-quality products and services. The institutions’ main areas of concentration are management leadership, continuous process management, and improvement. Again, the companies’ culture depicts more of a control measure than a prophylactic treatment. Practical implications The outcome of this paper will help in comprehending the TQM awareness in the aquaculture industry in Ghana. It will also highlight major areas that managers and supervisors in the industry need education on, in other to enhance their quality skills. Originality/value This research is among the first ever known attempts to assess the awareness of TQM concepts and practices in the aquaculture industry in Ghana. It will help improve the quality practices in the industry.
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Karageorgos, Christos, Athanasios Kriemadis, Antonios Travlos, and Dimitrios Kokaridas. "PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: THE CASE OF CYPRUS." International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v2i1.2627.
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The transition of TQM from the business field in education started in 1994 to strengthen the humanistic nature of education and improve quality service with the full participation of all involved. Cyprus recognized as a country with highly developed education services and qualitative characteristics that are easily identifiable. However, no studies are published yet concerning the implementation of TQM in Cyprus. The purpose is to examine the design and implementation of TQM at primary and secondary school settings in Cyprus and create a reference point of collecting all partial findings of TQM implementation in Cypriot education. A systematic recording of research included the design and implementation of TQM in education settings using ten electronic databases and keywords including education, TQM and the six factors determining the quality of TQM services. The research included peer-reviewed articles, doctoral theses, and conference abstracts during the last 20 years, leading to future TQM implementation conclusions. Cyprus nowadays focuses on the overall evaluation and implementation of TQM through innovation and quality improvement in education, differentiated and virtual teaching, adapted learning and inclusion of students with disabilities, and hiring new teaching staff that will implement a holistic approach of promoting TQM within school settings.
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Sharma, Sanjay, and Sachin Modgil. "Supply chain and total quality management framework design for business performance-case study evidence." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 28, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 905–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-10-2014-0104.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the importance of integration of supply chain management practices with total quality management (TQM) practices to augment business performance. The objective of paper is to focus on the two important dimensions, namely, supply chain and TQM of an organization with special reference to the concepts: exploration and exploitation. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 20 variables have been identified (independent variables) which impact business performance (dependent variable). Variables have been extracted into four categories with a combination of two orientations, i.e., exploitation and exploration, with respect to quality management and supply chain practices. Findings – Configurationally four different combinations concerning supply chain and TQM were identified in which an enterprise can operate. This is supported with the four different case studies. Practical implications – This study leads to some interesting practical implications for practicing managers as it offers a framework in which the supply chain and TQM practices can be implemented with respect to an organizational structure (mechanistic or organic structure), environmental conditions (uncertain environment and rapidly changing product life cycle) and identification of customer orientations (whether customer is price sensitive or customer makes buying decision on account of trust or relation to the product). Originality/value – The concept of supply chain exploitation and supply chain exploration with different orientations of quality management is not studied comprehensively before. This paper provides a background for establishing a framework of strategies for supply chain and quality practices, with respect to the exploitation and exploration scenario.
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Liamlaem, W., L. Benjawan, and C. Polprasert. "Sustainable wastewater management technology for tourism in Thailand: case and experimental studies." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.200.
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Abstract Thailand has adopted the concept of eco-tourism as a protocol to protect environmental resources. One of the key factors in enabling the achievement of this goal is the improvement of the quality of effluent from those homestays and resorts which still lack efficient on-site wastewater treatment. This research utilized case studies of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), planted mainly with the Indian shot (Canna indica L.), which were designed to treat wastewaters at three resorts located in Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province in central Thailand. The results showed that the treated effluent was of sufficient quality to meet the building effluent standards Type C, which require the concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and suspended solids (SS) to be less than 40, 40 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the first-order kinetic constants for the design and operation of SFCWs were determined. For treating wastewater containing organic substances, with no prior pre-treatment, the first-order kinetic constant of 0.24 1/d can be applied to predict effluent quality. For treating other types of domestic wastewater, a first-order kinetic constant in the range 0.40–0.45 1/d can be used when sizing and operating SFCWs. This research highlights the great potential of SFCWs as a sustainable wastewater management technology.
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Handfield, Robert, and Soumen Ghosh. "Creating a Quality Culture through Organizational Change: A Case Analysis." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200302.
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Previous works on the implementation of strategic objectives have neglected to consider the critical role of quality management. Beginning with the assumption that the role of quality is instrumental to the successful implementation of any form of generic strategy, a conceptual model of quality management is developed through a set of case studies with 13 North American and European Fortune 500 companies. The results suggest that firms that have experienced greater global competition in earlier years have implemented Total Quality Management (TQM) initiatives earlier, and their programs are subsequently more advanced. Firms with advanced TQM implementation have made significant infrastructural changes within their organizations, and have also embraced the principles of continuous improvement as a critical component of their corporate culture. Moreover, quality has developed into a cultural artifact with an associated language and history that provides an integrating mechanism linking a firm's value-adding activities.
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Ferdowsian, Mehran C. "Total business excellence – a new management model for operationalizing excellence." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 7 (August 1, 2016): 942–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-08-2014-0109.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and address the underlying causes of costly quality/ethical problems that have prevented companies to achieve and sustain excellence. More broadly, the study has leveraged data from multiple sources to determine root-cause issues and propose a new management model that enables leadership to prevent and effectively address quality/ethical problems by operationalizing excellence. For the purpose of this research, operationalization is defined in terms of developing a sustained culture of excellence and enabling a firm to systematically prevent, detect, and address costly problems in their daily operations. Design/methodology/approach – The study has defined the concept of excellence in terms of measurable results based on ten critical success factors: products, financials, stakeholders, employees, leadership, societal, operational, innovation, alignment, and ethical excellence. To identify and address the underlying causes, this study has used a spiral research model to develop and improve an assessment process for the consistent examination of three types of firms: national quality award recipients, successful and responsible Fortune-500 companies, and landmark ethical violators. Findings from case studies were then substantiated using results from current research studies and conclusions from over 20 years of international field work/experience. Findings – To operationalize excellence, this study found that organizations need to develop a foundation for two tightly coupled and inseparable variables: ethics, excellence. Case studies show when these two variables are inadequately planned, integrated, checked, and enforced across business operations, they cause serious and costly problems. This foundation enables a firm to maximize performance, the return on investment, and to sustain performance in each of these critical success factors (CSFs) using the following interconnected building blocks of excellence: grander purpose, measurable results, effective collaboration, leadership development, individual development, continuous alignment, continuous innovation, ethics management, and ethics foundation. Research limitations/implications – The application of the assessment instrument proved to be complex due to the difficulties of transforming conjecture into certainty using existing online corporate records (e.g. understanding true leadership intention). Findings of this study are applicable to any industry and type and size company. The building blocks of this new management model should not be developed and implemented in an isolated, standalone, or piecemeal manner; nor should they be forced onto an organization as a new program. For best results, each building block needs to be implemented as an interconnected component of a complete and total system of management and infused into the fabric of the culture as a normal part of the daily operations. Originality/value – Total business excellence is a proposed new management model for operationalizing excellence. This new model serves three major purposes. First, it enables an enterprise to responsibly deliver a continuous flow of innovative and competitive products as defined and measured by ten CSFs. Second, it enables management to prevent costly quality/ethical problems by developing a unified and responsible strategy for planning, execution, and quality. Most importantly, it provides a missing platform of opportunity where individuals can incrementally grow and develop as they add meaningful personal, professional, and societal value.
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Kalogiannidis, Stavros Ioannis. "The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices and Marketing on Performance of SMEs. A Case of Selected Manufacturing Industries, Greece." Business Management and Strategy 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v12i1.17995.
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Most global studies have to a greater extent underscored the importance of Total quality management practices and some marketing aspects concerning organizational performance. Most studies have focused on establishing the level to which TQM practices influence customer satisfaction and not the whole organization. There is also little evidence on how marketing practices influence organizational performance. This study therefore seeks to assess the impact of Total Quality management practices and marketing on organizational performance. Data was collected from a sample size of 289 respondents who were employees of the different manufacturing industries in Greece. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between study variables. The study findings confirmed the presence of a relationship between TQM practices and organizational performance. Similarly there was a positive relationship between marketing practices and organizational performance. The study concluded that the TQM practices and marketing are great influencers of quality hence should always be applied in organizations.
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Sivaram, N. M., S. R. Devadasan, R. Murugesh, S. Karthi, and C. G. Sreenivasa. "Synergising total productive maintenance elements with ISO 9001:2008 standard based quality management system." TQM Journal 26, no. 6 (October 7, 2014): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-08-2012-0059.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the integration of total productive maintenance (TPM) and ISO 9001 certification by contributing a model named as TPM 9001:2008. Design/methodology/approach – In the beginning of the paper, the origin, growth and capabilities of TPM and ISO 9001 certification in enabling the organizations to perform at world class level are appraised by citing research outcomes reported in literature arena. The information and knowledge thus gathered from literature arena are used to conceptualize TPM 9001:2008 model. Through this conceptualization, the eight TPM pillars are fitted into the five major clauses of ISO 9001:2008 standard. In order to illustrate this conceptualization, the contents of a sub-clause of TPM 9001:2008 model are presented and the rationale behind designating it is appraised. Findings – TPM 9001:2008 model brings out synergy from the two renowned world class strategies namely “TPM” and “ISO 9001 certification”. Practical implications – The paper points out that the practical validity of TPM 9001:2008 model shall be established by conducting real time case studies in various organizations. Originality/value – This paper presents a unique approach for integrating TPM elements with ISO 9001:2008 standard based quality management system, as a single framework benefiting the contemporary organizations.
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Tsani, Aulia Rabius, and Nurleli. "Analisis Penerapan Total Quality Management dan Komitmen Organisasi dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 1, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jra.v1i1.55.
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Abstract. At present the company is competing to survise in the business world, because today many companies want to maximize competitiveness through continuous improvement made by several companies that play a very important role in increasing the strength of competitiveness. Dakal global market product quality is also one of the most important elements for companies to be ableto compete. TQM is one form of company management practices that can suppress the quality paradigm witgin a company. Organizational Commitment is a force that binds individuals to take an action towards one or several goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of Total Quality Management in improving company performance and analysis of organizational commitment to company performance in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening. This research uses descriptive methods and case studies as well as using a quantitative approach carried out at LPKL PDAM Tirtawening, the sourch of the data used is the primary data sourch with data collection techniques namely questionnaire. Determination of respondents in filing out the research questionnaire was chosen based on the number of Managers or Section Heads of employees in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening as many as 25 respondents. Total Quality Management can improve company performance in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening.
Abstrak. Saat ini perusahaan sedang bersaing untuk bertahan dalam dunia bisnis, karena saat ini banyak perusahaan yang ingin memaksimalkan daya saing melalui perbaikan terus – menerus yang dilakukan oleh beberapa perusahaanyang memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kekuatan daya saing. Dakal pasar global kualitas produk juga menjadi salah satu elemen terpenting bagi perusahaan untuk dapat bersaing.TQM adalah salah satu bentuk praktek manajemen perusahaan yang bisa menekan paradigma kualitas dalam perusahaan. Komitmen Organisasi merupakan kekuatan yang mengikat individu untuk melakukan suatu aksi untuk menuju satu atau beberapa tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan Total Quality Management dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dan analisis komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerj perusahaan pada LPKL PDAM Tirtawening. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan studi kasus serta menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang dilksanakan di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening, sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu kusioner. Penentuan responden dalam mengisi kuesioner penelitian ini dipilih berdasarakan jumlah Manajer atau Kepala Bagian dar karyawan yang ada di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening sebanyak 25 orang responden. Total Quality Management dapat meningkat kinerja perusahaan dan komitmen organisasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening
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Kumar, Pankaj, J. Maiti, and Angappa Gunasekaran. "Impact of quality management systems on firm performance." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 1034–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-02-2017-0030.
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Purpose Within the operations management literature, quality management (QM) has been one of the most popular research areas over the last few decades. The impact of QM systems on firm performance has been the subject of constant interest and challenge among researchers. Last such review was done in 2002 based on QM-related articles published between 1994 and 1999 and these were primarily on Total Quality Management (TQM). In the last 18 years, a large number of empirical studies have been attempted to investigate QM system-performance relationships in different contexts, covering not only TQM but also other QM systems such as ISO 9001, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Lean Manufacturing, Theory of Constraints (TOC), and Six Sigma Continuous Improvement projects. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Based on an extensive review of 263 papers published in 17 reputed journals during the period 2000 to 2017, this paper shows the reflections of QM systems with respect to study of different QM systems, type of research designs being used, performance categories and metrics being used, and application of tools/techniques. Findings The literature review has revealed several gaps in research in the area of QM and calls for research on: empirical longitudinal case studies; implementation of multiple QM systems; identification of leading indicators of firm’s performance; standardization of performance measures; safety, environment and health-related performance measures; the differences in the QM systems on firm’s performance for manufacturing vs service organizations; application of QM systems in developing countries including Asian countries; and impact of ISO 9001 QM system on firm’s performance. Originality/value The literature reviews in the past had considered only the TQM-related articles published in reputed journals and did not cover other QM systems such as TPM, TOC, Toyota Production System, Six Sigma, ISO 9001 QMS, etc., which have also been widely used in many organizations, more so in the last 15 years.
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Hou, Kelu, Hui Yang, Zhikang Ye, Ying Wang, Lihong Liu, and Xiangli Cui. "Effectiveness of Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Management on Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 1 (November 12, 2017): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3sq0b.
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Objectives: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm whether patients benefit more from pharmacist-led anticoagulation management than other models. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and reference lists of yielded results conducted up to April 25, 2017. RCTs and observational cohort studies and case-control studies which compared the percentage of time within the target therapeutic range (TTR), the percentage of time within the expanded therapeutic range (TER), haemorrhage events, thrombosis events, mortality, patient satisfaction and/or medicine cost saving of pharmacist-led anticoagulation management with other models, and species were limited to humans. Two investigators evaluated methodology and extracted data from included studies independently. Data analysis were performed by STATA 12.0 software and quality of evidence assessment was performed by GRADEprofiler software. Results: 8 RCTs and 9 observational cohort studies with 9919 patients were included eventually with high quality and no publication bias. In RCTs pooled results, TTR (p=0.548 moderate-quality), TER (p=0.285, moderate-quality), total haemorrhage events (p=0.140, low-quality), minor haemorrhage events (p=0.162, low-quality), major haemorrhage events (p=0.237, low-quality), thrombosis events (p=0.615, low-quality) and mortality (p=0.876, low-quality) was not significant between two groups. In observational studies pooled results, TTR (p=0.000, low-quality) was significant higher in pharmacist-led management group and the risk of total haemorrhage events (p=0.000, moderate-quality), minor haemorrhage events (p=0.000, moderate-quality) and thrombosis events (p=0.000, moderate-quality) were significant lower in pharmacist-led management group. Patient satisfaction and medicine cost saving were descriptively reviewed. Conclusions: According to the grading of evidence, we concluded that the risk of total haemorrhage events, minor haemorrhage events and thrombosis events significantly decreased in pharmacist-led anticoagulation management group compared with other management models and no significant difference in TTR, TER, major haemorrhage events and mortality between two groups. Longer follow-up period RCT studies with large sample size should be done in the future to confirm effectiveness of pharmacist-led anticoagulation management model. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Bai, Hui, Wei Gao, Dong Wang, Yan Chen, Huanzhen Zhang, Yanxin Zhao, Kangping Zhao, Yunhai Sun, and Zhihua Sun. "Allocating total emission pollutant control based on water environmental carrying capacity: model establishment and case study." Water Policy 21, no. 6 (October 25, 2019): 1175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.031.
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Abstract The determination of the total amount of water pollutant emission in different regions is a difficult problem faced by managers and researchers. Previous studies mostly focused on operability and fairness with little attention paid to local water quality. In order to make total emission pollutant control (TEPC) truly serve the improvement of water quality, a water total emission pollutant allocation model was built based on water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) in this paper. This model was used to construct a water pollutant emission control allocation scheme for 28 cities in Henan Province, China. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction rates for these cities ranged from 16.8 to 38.6% and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) reduction rates ranged from 5.7 to 43.5% in 2020, which were different from the previous targets for these cities without considering their current status of water quality. The largest COD reduction rates for different types of point sources (industrial, urban, and large-scale livestock sources) were 35.4%, 39.0%, and 38.0%, respectively, and the largest NH3-N reduction rates were 62.2%, 42.5%, and 43.5%, respectively. This study solves the problem of long-term disconnection between TEPC and water quality improvement in China. The results can also be applied to implement the TEPC to improve water quality in other regions with a similar problem.
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Chege, Salome Wambui, and Shadrack Bett. "Total Quality Management Practices and Performance of Organizations in the Real Estate Industry, Case of Property Developers in Nairobi City County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. IV (July 5, 2019): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iiv.44.
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The real estate industry is one of the most important industries for the development and economy of a nation and therefore important that adequate measures are put in place to ensure quality in the sector. Most of the studies reviewed locally provide no conclusive evidence on whether TQM is linked to performance in the real estate industry in Kenya. This study sought to determine the effect of adoption of TQM practices on performance of firms within the real estate industry in Kenya .The specific objectives of the study were: to assess the extent to which customer orientation, top management commitment to quality, employees’ empowerment and continuous improvement focus effect on performance of real estate firms in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population for this study was senior management and customer service officers within real estate property developers companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 firms from the published list of Kenya Private Developers Association (KPDA). Questionnaires were employed as the instrument of data collection whereby both closed and open-ended questions were asked. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of TQM practices on performance. Data was presented in tables and interpretation was made based on research objectives. The organizational performance of the Real Estate Companies involved in the study was generally great. The extent to which customer orientation, top management commitment to quality, employees’ empowerment and continuous improvement has influenced the organizational performance of the Real Estate Companies was great. Pearson correlation coefficient showed there was a strong association between the organizational performance and customer orientation, top management commitment, employee empowerment and continuous improvement. Regression model established that 73.7% of the variation in organizational performance in real estate industry is explained by customer orientation, employee empowerment, top management commitment and continuous improvement leaving 26.3% unexplained. The study further recommended that the top management should ensure effective customer orientation process is carried out so as to ensure customers are satisfied with the products and services they receive. Top management should show more commitment to ensuring quality by channeling more resources on processes or activities focused towards ensuring delivery of high quality products and services. The management should empower their employees through frequent trainings on matters pertaining to quality as this will improve on their skills in ensuring delivery of quality products and services to customers. Organizations should always encourage efforts from their employees aimed at improving their products, services or processes.
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Moiz, Munim, Nick Smith, Toby O. Smith, Amit Chawla, Peter Thompson, and Andrew Metcalfe. "Clinical Outcomes After the Nonoperative Management of Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 232596711876627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118766275.
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Background: The first-line treatment for patellar dislocations is often nonoperative and consists of physical therapy and immobilization techniques, with various adjuncts employed. However, the outcomes of nonoperative therapy are poorly described, and there is a lack of quality evidence to define the optimal intervention. Purpose: To perform a comprehensive review of the literature and assess the quality of studies presenting patient outcomes from nonoperative interventions for patellar dislocations. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The MEDLINE, AMED, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched through July 2017 by 3 independent reviewers. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Study quality was assessed using the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials) criteria for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and case series. Results: A total of 25 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 12 randomized controlled trials, 7 cohort studies, and 6 case series, consisting of 1066 patients. Studies were grouped according to 4 broad categories of nonoperative interventions based on immobilization, weightbearing status, quadriceps exercise type, and alternative therapies. The most commonly used outcome measure was the Kujala score, and the pooled redislocation rate was 31%. Conclusion: This systematic review found that patient-reported outcomes consistently improved after all methods of treatment but did not return to normal. Redislocation rates were high and close to the redislocation rates reported in natural history studies. There is a lack of quality evidence to advocate the use of any particular nonoperative technique for the treatment of patellar dislocations.
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Cheema, Ejaz, Asraa Abbas, and Abdullah Al-Hamid. "Healthcare-related factors affecting the management of HIV infected patients: a systematic review of qualitative evidence." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 14 (November 19, 2019): 1350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419875357.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major health concern that is associated with high mortality and socioeconomic burden on both patients and healthcare authorities. This systematic review aimed to qualitatively explore the healthcare-related factors influencing the management of HIV in adult patients. Seven online databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PsycExtra, and International Pharmaceutical Abstract) were searched. Articles published in English language between September 2000 and September 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Quality assessment tool developed by the EPPI-Centre was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A cross-case thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 10. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The qualitative analysis identified four major themes influencing the management of HIV: awareness of healthcare professionals (HCPs), attitudes of HCPs, lack of healthcare infrastructure, and stigma associated with HIV. The findings of this review suggest that people living with HIV are at an increased risk of experiencing poor disease management due to various healthcare-related factors. HCPs and policy makers should acknowledge the presence of these factors with the aim of providing quality care to people living with HIV.
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Krajcsák, Zoltán. "Successes of quality management systems through self-evaluation and commitment in different organizational cultures." Management Decision 56, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 1467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2017-0870.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a theoretical framework that shows how the specialties of the organizational culture relate to the success of quality management systems’ (QMSs) application. In addition to these variables, the dependent variables of employees’ self-evaluation and some dimensions of commitment are also analyzed. Design/methodology/approach Unsuccessful organizational implementations of ISO 9000, total quality management (TQM) and Six Sigma are presented in case studies. These conclusions are utilized to retrieve individual and organizational barriers to the variables considered in each culture. Findings The characteristics of adhocracy determine self-efficacy and professional commitment. Through high levels of these variables, Six Sigma can be suggested for adhocracies. The clan culture is characterized by a high level of affective commitment and self-esteem, which support the TQM together with the internal focus dimension of the culture. The market culture is characterized by a high level of continuance commitment and neuroticism, which support ISO 9000 standards together with the control dimension of the culture. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the findings comes from the small sample size. The model presented is partly based on case studies; therefore, further research studies need to support or refute it. Practical implications In the practical use of the results, QMSs can be selected more targeted, reducing the risk of failing quality improvement strategies. Social implications Increasing and aligning quality and commitment in organizations supports the strengthening of individual and social well-being. Originality/value The study attempts to determine the most appropriate QMSs for organizational cultures in a complex way by analyzing the relationships between multiple organizational and individual variables.
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Doménech-Briz, Vicente, Rosario Gómez Romero, Isabel de Miguel-Montoya, Raúl Juárez-Vela, José Ramón Martínez-Riera, María Isabel Mármol-López, María Virtudes Verdeguer-Gómez, Álvaro Sánchez-Rodríguez, and Vicente Gea-Caballero. "Results of Nurse Case Management in Primary Heath Care: Bibliographic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 9541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249541.
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Background: The new characteristics of today’s population, together with the presence of chronic diseases in the elderly, require a new approach to care, promoting coordination between different levels of care. In this sense, we find the figure of the nurse case manager (NCM) in primary health care mainly responsible for ensuring continuity of care in complex patients with chronic diseases. Objective: to describe the role of the NCM in care management, determining its effectiveness in addressing chronic disease (health outcomes and quality of life) and its efficiency in the health system. Methods: Bibliographic review of scientific evidence on case management applied to nursing. Between March and April 2020 a bibliographic search was carried out in the Dialnet, Scielo, Scopus and Pubmed databases. Inclusion criteria: articles written in the last 5 years, which analyze how this nursing rol influences the care and health of patients. Results: A total of 16 articles were selected. The NCM reduced the use of the emergency department, hospital admissions, readmissions, and the duration of these in the patients studied. Conclusion: The NCM is effective and efficient for both patients and health institutions, and a common practice model is needed that includes standardized protocols and evidence-based practices.
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Malale, Kija, Jili Fu, William Nelson, Helena Marco Gemuhay, Xiuni Gan, and Zhechuan Mei. "Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): e17899. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17899.
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Background In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. Objective In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. Methods We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. Results A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. Conclusions The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
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Waduu, Dorotia Wandoe, and Maina Rugami. "Total Quality Management Practices and Performance of Commercial Banks in Kilifi Town, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.75.
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Any business entity aims at attaining high level of customer satisfaction. The entity always does this by providing quality goods and services. It is crucial that within a firm, all of its internal clients are fulfilled in ensuring that effective satisfaction of external clients is attained. TQM has been presently presented as the means of management that focus in improving an organization’s financial performance by attaining customer needs and quality of product provision. The research primary focused on examining the key impacts of TQM on management and financial performance of Kenya’s banks in Kilifi Town. The study’s objectives were based on establishing the impact of staff involvement, the management commitment, regular improvements and customer focus of the bank’s performance. The entire research was based on Deming’s theory of TQM and Porter’s theory of competitive advantage. In attaining the research objectives, the research utilized descriptive research technique and a population of 195 participants from 13 commercial banks in operation within the Town of Kilifi. A 30 percent sample was considered reflections of 59 participants. In getting information from the respondents the study utilized both structures and unstructured questionnaires that consisted of both open and closed ended questions. However, respondents had varying questions and had the opportunity to answer appropriately. SPSS (Version 22) stands out as one of the key analysis tool to be used in examine the quantitative data collected, and then the information was presented by the use of means, frequencies, percentages, standard deviations an means. The research utilized multiple regressions analysis in estimating the study model. The study’s gathered and analyzed data was presented by the use of tables, charts, graphs and frequencies meant to enhance the process of interoperations, provision of conclusions and recommendations. Theoretically, the research is expected to be of importance both to firms expected to use the information in enhancing quality products provisions and academicians expected to do researches on a similar or related topic.It was established that the selected TQM practices which included customer focus, top management commitment, continuous improvement and employee involvement significantly and positively influence the performance of commercial banks in Kilifi Town. The study concluded that the banks to a great extent embrace the four TQM practices in a bid to improve service provision, client attraction and retention and also improve organizational performance. It was further concluded that the banks embrace continuous process, procedures and system improvement to enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The study also concluded that the banks valued customers in a bid to enhance market share and customer base and also stay competitive in the market. The study further concluded that the top management was committed to enhancing service quality, employee participation and involvement in quality integration, stakeholder involvement, communication and collective decision making. The study recommends that the banks need to involve employees and stakeholder more in decision making and policy formulation to promote collective responsibility and performance. The study recommends that there is need for improved customer care to cater for all categories of clients and also embrace value addition to the clients. The study was conducted on only four TQM practices, there is need for further studies on other TQM practices.
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Nadarajah, Devika, and Sharifah Latifah Syed Abdul Kadir. "A review of the importance of business process management in achieving sustainable competitive advantage." TQM Journal 26, no. 5 (August 5, 2014): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-01-2013-0008.
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Purpose – In today's height of competition, business process management (BPM) is regarded as best practice management principle that can assist companies in sustaining competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to strengthen theory building of BPM in fostering sustainable competitive advantage based on dynamic capability theory. Design/methodology/approach – BPM owes its existence to total quality management (TQM) and business process reengineering and has gained importance as an enabler to coordinate the intricacies of the organisations. Past researches on BPM have been largely conceptual using case studies with scarce evidence for theory building. Findings – Based on the review of literature, the study of BPM can be studied based on dynamic capability theory. Originality/value – The outcome of this paper would add value to theory building for BPM.
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Sae-Huang, Morrakot, Anouk Borg, and Ciaran Scott Hill. "Systematic review of the nonsurgical management of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in childhood." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.6.peds20396.
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OBJECTIVEAtlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) is an acquired fixed abnormality of C1–2 joint rotation associated with torticollis in childhood. If the condition is left uncorrected, patients are at risk for developing C1–2 fusion with permanent limitation in the cervical range of movement, cosmetic deformity, and impact on quality of life. The management of AARF and the modality of nonsurgical treatment are poorly defined in both primary care and specialized care settings, and the optimal strategy is not clear. This systematic review aims to examine the available evidence to answer key questions relating to the nonsurgical management of AARF.METHODSA systematic review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Healthcare Management Information Consortium (HMIC), EMCare, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), British Nursing Index (BNI), and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED). Search criteria were created and checked independently among the authors. All articles with a radiological diagnosis of AARF and primary outcome data that met the study inclusion criteria were included and analyzed by the authors.RESULTSSearch results did not yield any level I evidence such as a meta-analysis or randomized controlled trial. The initial search yielded 724 articles, 228 of which were screened following application of the core exclusion criteria. A total of 37 studies met the full criteria for inclusion in this review, consisting of 4 prospective studies and 33 retrospective case reviews. No articles directly compared outcomes between modalities of nonsurgical management. Six studies compared the outcome of AARF based on duration of symptoms before initiation of treatment. Comparative analysis of studies was hindered by the wide variety of treatment modalities described and the heterogeneity of outcome data.CONCLUSIONSThe authors did not identify any level I evidence comparing different nonsurgical management approaches for AARF. There were few prospective studies, and most studies were uncontrolled, nonrandomized case series. Favorable outcomes were often reported regardless of treatment methods, with early treatment of AARF tending to yield better outcomes independent of the treatment modality. There is a lack of high-quality data, and further research is required to determine the optimal nonsurgical treatment strategy.
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Mansfield, Elise, Natasha Noble, Rob Sanson-Fisher, Danielle Mazza, and Jamie Bryant. "Primary Care Physicians’ Perceived Barriers to Optimal Dementia Care: A Systematic Review." Gerontologist 59, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): e697-e708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny067.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Primary care physicians (PCPs) have a key role in providing care for people with dementia and their carers, however, a range of barriers prevent them from delivering optimal care. We reviewed studies on PCPs’ perceptions of barriers to providing optimal dementia care, including their methodological quality, whether they focused on barriers related to diagnosis and/or management, and the patient-, provider-, and system-level barriers identified. Research Design and Methods Studies were included if they were quantitative studies published since 2006 which reported on PCPs’ perceptions of the barriers to providing dementia care. The methodological quality of identified studies was assessed using an adapted version of accepted rating criteria for quantitative studies. Data were extracted from studies which were rated as “moderate” or “strong” quality. Results A total of 20 studies were identified, 16 of which were rated as “moderate” or “strong” methodological quality. Patient-related barriers included a reluctance to acknowledge cognitive decline and patient nonadherence to management plans. Provider-related barriers included a lack of training and confidence. System-related barriers included a lack of time during consultations and lack of support services. Discussion and Implications This review highlights a range of barriers to dementia diagnosis and management from studies rated as being methodologically adequate. Future studies should also utilize theory-driven approaches to exploring a comprehensive range of barriers to optimal dementia care across the care trajectory.
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Prakash, Gyan. "Quality in higher education institutions: insights from the literature." TQM Journal 30, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the meaning and operationalisation of quality in the context of higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review is performed of 308 articles published in various peer-reviewed journals between 1999 and 2017. Findings The findings reveal that the quality constructs of student learning, engagement, service quality and satisfaction have received the greatest attention, followed by total quality management, quality assurance, benchmarking and accountability. The most popular approach is empirical, and surveys and single case studies are the most popular methods. Europe leads research on quality in HEIs, followed by North America and Asia. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting a comprehensive synthesis of articles addressing quality in HEIs. Practical implications Policymakers and academic administrators can use the findings of this study to conceptualise student satisfaction along the educational value chain. The operationalisation of quality constructs will help policymakers create teaching excellence. Originality/value This paper highlights the importance of quality in HEIs.
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Liew, Shamre, and Wan Zahari Wan. "Managing Agent Service Quality Performance Framework on Strata Housing Scheme Management." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 3 (April 30, 2014): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v3i3.3238.
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Issues pertaining to weaknesses of service delivery by Managing Agent (MA) in strata housing schemes gain a serious and continuous attention by many parties. In this context, the term Managing Agent refers to the Joint Management Body (JMB) and Management Corporation (MC) that can be found in a stratified residential property. Among other issues that consistently being highlighted include several aspects such as maintenance, complaints on property damages, security and residents welfares. Studies on Service Quality (SERVQUAL) had been conducted in most services industries including banking, retails, telecommunications, real estate agency, local authorities etc. Nevertheless, studies on service quality performance of strata housing schemes are still under-researched. Thus, this research seeks to study the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) performance delivered by Managing Agent in strata housing schemes. The main objective of the research study is to evaluate the residents expectation and perception towards the service quality performance delivered by the managing agents. The second objective is to reveal the gap between the residents expectation and perception towards the quality of service. This research study had selected 10 condominiums and apartments around Kuala Lumpur as its case study. As many as 30 questionnaire surveys were distributed to each of the selected condominium and apartment residents to reach a total of 300 respondents. It was recognized that there are five generic dimensions in the measurement of Service Quality (SERVQUAL) which are Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy and a total of 22 statements of expectation and 22 statements of perceptions were developed to measure the Managing Agents Service Quality on strata housing scheme management. In the research study, frequency Analysis was used to determine the mean score for each statement and subsequently identifying the Service Gap. The results show that the highest expectation of the residents is the Assurance dimension whereby the residents expect the employee of excellent Managing Agent have the knowledge to answer their inquiries. Meanwhile the highest perception is the Empathy dimension whereby the Managing Agent employees understand the residents specific needs. The analysis also reveals that the largest Service Gap was found in Assurance dimension followed by Reliability and Responsiveness dimensions. In conclusion, the research study managed to evaluate the highest expectation and perception of the residents in the strata housing scheme and also identifying Service Gaps between the residents expectation and perception towards service quality provided by the Managing Agent. The outcome has alerted the Managing Agents to take immediate corrective action to improve the quality of service to the residents in the strata housing schemes.
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TKACHENKO, Serhii, Olena POTYSHNIAK, and Yevheniia POLIAKOVA. "Target cost management to ensure product quality." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5/1 (May 26, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.5(1).4.
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Improving the quality of finished products, as well as its provision, associated with costs at all stages of the production process of finished products, in the pre-production and post-production periods. The cost of quality assurance at the stage of the production process occupies a special place in the total cost of quality. Difficulties in estimating the cost of product quality assurance are that there is no experience in determining the production costs of quality assurance of finished products and that the number of influencing factors that must be taken into account in the manufacture of final products of a given level of quality in mass production. Ensuring the quality of products requires significant costs, which over time, given the growing requirements for the quality of finished products, will grow, which determines the need to develop a mechanism to link quality management of finished products with normalized costs to ensure its quality. An article devoted to this little-studied problem and aims to outline theoretical, methodological and practical ways to manage the cost of quality, their coordination in terms of ensuring a given level of quality of finished products. The problem of coordinating (managing) the costs of quality is dictated by the need to include in the case all the reserves and opportunities to improve efficiency and quality, including the ability to correctly calculate, analyze, evaluate and compare costs and results. The purposes of the article, justifying the need for an interdependent system of quality management indicators, is in line with the objectives of resource conservation, a sharp increase in economic efficiency of the production process and improve the quality of products. The scientific problem understood the role as the costs inflicted rocker economic (economic) efficiency mode of operation of the quality management system of finished products, the algorithm definition, calculation methods, detection, calculation, forecasting and control(coordination) costs of product quality.
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Chahal, Hardeep. "Predicting Patient Loyalty and Service Quality Relationship: A Case Study of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 12, no. 4 (October 2008): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290801200405.
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Purpose: In an era of heightened competition to sustain patient loyalty, quality of interpersonal experiences with the staff, operational quality of hospital operations and overall satisfaction and quality of the healthcare services, in general are to be understood in-depth in both public as well as private organisations. The concept of service quality has led to the growing research on various concepts such as total quality management, market orientation, learning orientation, strategic orientation along with invigorating focus on the customer loyalty and relationship management. The outcomes of service quality (customer relationship management and loyalty), end means for the organisational success, are most significant performance measurement tools in the present competitive market. The present study is an effort in this regard to identify the factors in sustaining customer longevity. Till today few studies in the developing settings were conducted to understand the types of relationship that exists between patient-loyalty and service quality. This study analyses the suitability of customer loyalty concept in the government hospitals through using a case study of one of the biggest hospitals operating in India. Methodology and Tools Applied: The research work is the case study of Civil Hospital Ahmedabad. The data is collected from 205 indoor patients of four departments namely general medicine, orthopedic, pediatrics, obstetric and gynecology. Inter and intra relationship among the measures of service quality and patient loyalty were analysed by using relevant statistical tools to draw out inferences. Findings: Among the three patient loyalty components, using provider again for the same services is found to be more significant followed by using provider again for different services and recommending providers to others in relation to overall service quality as dependent variable, and beta values are figured out as 0.15, 0.12 and 0.09 respectively The 35% R Square value for the model service quality – patient loyalty model indicate weak predictive power of this model. However at the same juncture the study found that no significant difference in the patients' perceptions with respect to patient loyalty and quality and per se, may be concluded that both are identical measures. Alternatively the more satisfied the patients are with the quality of their interactions with staff, the more likely they are going to take treatments for similar and different medical problems and would recommend the provider to their relatives and friends.
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Kharub, Manjeet, Shah Limon, and Rajiv Kumar Sharma. "The application of quality tools in effective implementation of HACCP." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 1920–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2017-0236.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the quality tool’s impact on the effectiveness of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based food safety system and correlation studies between HACCP effectiveness and business performance in food and pharmaceutical industries. Design/methodology/approach A total of 116 survey responses of prominent food and pharmaceutical firms are used to fulfil the aim of this study. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to classify quality tools into a finite number of groups. Further, multiple regression methods are employed to investigate the correlation between HACCP effectiveness and firm’s performance indicators. Findings Quality tools are classified into three categories on the basis of their application by using the PCA method: quality tools for hazard identification, quality tools for hazard analysis (QTHA) and quality tools for hazard control. The regression analysis revealed that QTHA has a substantial impact on HACCP objectives (hazard identification, hazard assessment and hazard control). Additionally, the results suggest that the successful implementation of HACCP-based food safety system also delivers a direct influence on the operational and financial performance of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing body of HACCP knowledge by providing a framework supported by an empirical case study. The case study clustered quality tools into three broad categories related to their application of a HACCP project. Study results can guide and motivate managers to use quality tools with the aim of successful implantation of the HACCP-based food safety system, especially in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Meinert, Edward, Abrar Alturkistani, Kimberley A. Foley, David Brindley, and Josip Car. "Examining Cost Measurements in Production and Delivery of Three Case Studies Using E-Learning for Applied Health Sciences: Cross-Case Synthesis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): e13574. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13574.
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Background The World Health Report (2006) by the World Health Organization conveys that a significant increase is needed in global health care resourcing to meet the current and future demand for health professionals. Electronic learning (e-Learning) presents a possible opportunity to change and optimize training by providing a scalable means for instruction, thus reducing the costs for training health professionals and providing patient education. Research literature often suggests that a benefit of e-Learning is its cost-effectiveness compared with face-to-face instruction, yet there is limited evidence with respect to the comparison of design and production costs with other forms of instruction or the establishment of standards pertaining to budgeting for these costs. Objective To determine the potential cost favorability of e-Learning in contrast to other forms of learning, there must first be an understanding of the components and elements for building an e-Learning course. Without first taking this step, studies lack the essential financial accounting rigor for course planning and have an inconsistent basis for comparison. This study aimed to (1) establish standard ingredients for the cost of e-Learning course production and (2) determine the variance instructional design has on the production costs of e-Learning courses. Methods This study made use of a cross-case method among 3 case studies using mixed methods, including horizontal budget variance calculation and qualitative interpretation of responses from course designers for budget variance using total quality management themes. The different implementation-specific aspects of these cases were used to establish common principles in the composition of budgets in the production and delivery of an applied health professional e-Learning course. Results A total of 2 case studies reported significant negative budget variances caused by issues surrounding underreporting of personnel costs, inaccurate resource task estimation, lack of contingency planning, challenges in third-party resource management, and the need to update health-related materials that became outdated during course production. The third study reported a positive budget variance because of the cost efficiency derived from previous implementation, the strong working relationship of the course project team, and the use of iterative project management methods. Conclusions This research suggests that the delivery costs of an e-Learning course could be underestimated or underreported and identifies factors that could be used to better control budgets. Through consistent management of factors affecting the cost of course production, further research could be undertaken using standard economic evaluation methods to evaluate the advantages of using e-Learning.
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Pastra, Aspasia, Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos, Vasiliki Skintzi, Tafsir Johansson, and Nikola Samac. "Exploring trust in the boardroom: the case of Nordic region." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 27, no. 3/4 (June 2, 2021): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-11-2020-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the relationship between the trust of executives in their board, board effectiveness (board performance and strategic decision quality) and organizational performance (financial and operational performance). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 184 board members in the Nordic region, using cross-sectional research design. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the used scales, whereas correlational analysis and mediation analysis via PROCESS macro in SPSS were used for testing of the hypotheses. Findings Trust between board members is positively correlated with both dimensions of board effectiveness and both tested dimensions of organizational performance. Besides, trust between the board members positively affects both financial and operational performance (significant total effects in mediation analysis). However, trust had a direct effect only on financial performance, whereas it shows an indirect effect on operational performance through both mediators, board performance and strategic decision quality. Research limitations/implications Future research should investigate trust into the board using a longitudinal design, and expand the sample cross-culturally, and control for the influence of other interpersonal variables in board members. Practical implications The development of trust in work relationships serves as the foundation for the establishment of significant team and organizational benefits. Business leaders should take into consideration trust issues in business teams and cultivate a trust culture in their organizations. Social implications The findings advance theoretical, social and empirical understanding of trust of executives in their board and its effect on board performance, strategic decision quality and perceived performance. The development of trust in work relationships enhances team performance, networks with strategic partners, community and government, and serves as the foundation for the establishment of trust in the society. Originality/value This is one of the scarce studies that examines direct and indirect effects of trust in board and organizational outcomes.
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Pourmadadkar, Mahdad, Mohammad Ali Beheshtinia, and Kamran Ghods. "An integrated approach for healthcare services risk assessment and quality enhancement." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 9/10 (November 19, 2019): 1183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2018-0314.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrated approach using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM), mathematical modeling and quality function deployment (QFD) techniques, for risk assessment and service quality enhancement in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Design/methodology/approach First, the disruptions in the CABG process are identified and prioritized following FMEA instructions, using two MCDM techniques, called analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS. Consequently, several corrective activities are identified and weighted on the basis of QFD. Finally, a mathematical model is established to determine the most cost-effective activities for implementation. The approach is developed in a fuzzy environment to reflect the uncertainty and ambiguity of human reasoning. Findings Regarding the CABG process disruption, a total of 30 failure modes in four main categories were identified and prioritized. Moreover, eight corrective activities were devised and ranked according to their impact on the failure modes. Finally, considering a limited amount of budget, a sensitivity analysis on the mathematical model’s objective function indicated that using 30 percent of the total budget, required to implement all corrective activities, was enough to cover more than 70 percent of the effects of corrective activities on the failure modes. Originality/value This paper contributes to the quality risk assessment knowledge by introducing an integrated approach to evaluate and improve healthcare services quality. Also, the case study conducted on the CABG process has not been done by other related studies in the literature.
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Gorgoglione, Angela, Andrea Gioia, Vito Iacobellis, Alberto Ferruccio Piccinni, and Ezio Ranieri. "A Rationale for Pollutograph Evaluation in Ungauged Areas, Using Daily Rainfall Patterns: Case Studies of the Apulian Region in Southern Italy." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9327614.
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In the context of the implementation of sustainable water treatment technologies for soil pollution prevention, a methodology that try to overcome the lack of runoff quality data in Puglia (Southern Italy) is firstly tackled in this paper. It provides a tool to obtain total suspended solid (TSS) pollutographs in areas without availability of monitoring campaigns. The proposed procedure is based on the relationship between rainfall characteristics and pollutant wash-off. In particular, starting from the evaluation of the observed regional rainfall patterns by using a rainfall generator model, the storm water management model (SWMM) was applied on five case studies located in different climatic subareas. The quantity SWMM parameters were evaluated starting from the drainage network and catchments characteristics, while the quality parameters were obtained from results of a monitoring campaign conducted for quality model calibration and validation with reference to the pollutograph’s shape and the peak-time. The research yields a procedure useful to evaluate the first flush phenomenon in ungauged sites and, in particular, it provides interesting information for designing efficient and sustainable drainage systems for first flush treatment and diffuse pollution treatment.
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Amaliyah, Eli, and Sansuwito Tukimin. "The relationship between working environment and quality of nursing care: an integrative literature review." British Journal of Healthcare Management 27, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2020.0043.
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Background/Aims There is evidence that work environment is positively related to quality of care in different healthcare professions, but the nature of this relationship needs further exploration. This study aimed to synthesise the evidence about the relationship between work environment and quality of care in nursing. Methods An integrative literature search was conducted to identify articles and studies investigating work environment and quality of care in nursing. Studies that were published between January 2000 and February 2020 in PubMed and EBSCOhost databases were included in the review. Results A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis, of which four used an explicit theoretical framework to guide their research. Sample sizes were generally large. Work environmental was classified as consisting of physical, psychological, environmental and organisational factors. Most studies reported a direct positive correlation between work environment and quality of nursing care. Only one study found that work environment indirectly influenced quality of care through job satisfaction and burnout. Conclusions There is clear evidence that the quality of care delivered by nurses is influenced by the work environment. Particularly important factors were support from management and adequate staffing. To improve quality of care, healthcare leaders should focus on improving the work environment.
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Ready, Audrey, Alexander Knee, Vida Rastegar, and Mihaela Stefan. "The effectiveness of a non-physician provider-led palliative care intervention to improve outcomes in patients with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e24110-e24110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24110.
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e24110 Background: Palliative care (PC) improves symptom burden, patient and family distress and quality of life of patients with advanced illnesses. Previous evidence has shown that non-physician providers (NPP) can be effective in delivering care with minimal physician support. NPP-led PC interventions could potentially address gaps in the workforce and provide access to PC services. The overall objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of NPP-led PC interventions in the management of adults with cancer. Methods: We searched ten electronic databases up to October 2018 for randomized or cluster control trials that evaluated NPP-led interventions in both adults receiving end of life care for advanced malignancies and/or their caregivers. NPPs included nurses, advanced practitioners, social workers or case-worker. Interventions included symptom management, hospice care, advance care planning (ACP) or decision support. We recorded the following outcomes: quality of life, patient symptoms (anxiety, depression, pain or distress), satisfaction with care and ACP. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool version 2.0. Results: Overall 5,241 publications were screened, resulting in 207 publications that underwent full text review. 13 studies (n = 2,007 participants) included only patients with diagnoses of cancer and an additional 2 studies (n = 396 participants) focused on mixed diagnoses of advanced illness, including cancer. Only 2 studies focused on both caregivers and patients. A nurse was the lead provider in 13 studies, and an advance practitioner in 2 studies. The NPP-led interventions were mostly psychosocial with four also providing symptom management. Interventions mostly consisted of education, care coordination information and support. A total of 3 studies focused solely on ACP, while 2 additional studies addressed this as part of the planned intervention. Nine studies reported quality of life outcomes and seven studies reported on anxiety and depression. There was considerable heterogeneity among the studies with respect to the nature of the intervention and the diagnoses of the study participants. All but one of the studies examined had high risk of bias, mostly due to issues related to missing outcome data or measurement of the outcome. Conclusions: In the setting of changing models of population health care delivery, the results of this systematic review could provide evidence for implementation of non-physician-led palliative care services outside of clinical trials.
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Toftegaard, T. S., O. W. Bertelsen, and S. Wagner. "Introducing the Adherence Strategy Engineering Framework (ASEF)." Methods of Information in Medicine 52, no. 03 (2013): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me12-01-0027.
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SummaryBackground: Patients performing self-care in the unsupervised setting do not always adhere to the instructions they were initially provided with. As a consequence, a patient’s ability to successfully comply with the treatment plan cannot be verified by the treating healthcare professional, possibly resulting in reduced data quality and suboptimal treatment.Objectives: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Adherence Strategy Engineering Framework (ASEF) as a method for developing novel technology-based adherence strategies to assess and improve patient adherence levels in the unsupervised setting.Methods: Key concepts related to self-care and adherence were defined, discussed, and implemented as part of the ASEF framework.ASEF was applied to seven self-care case studies, and the perceived usefulness and feasibility of ASEF was evaluated in a questionnaire study by the case study participants. Finally, we reviewed the individual case studies usage of ASEF.Results: A range of central self-care concepts were defined and the ASEF methodological framework was introduced. ASEF was successfully used in seven case studies with a total of 25 participants. Of these, 16 provided answers in the questionnaire study reporting ASEF as useful and feasible. Case study reviews illustrated the potential of using context-aware technologies to support self-care in the unsupervised setting as well as ASEF’s ability to support this.Conclusion: Challenges associated with moving healthcare to the unsupervised setting can be overcome by applying novel context-aware technology using the ASEF method. This could lead to better treatment outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditures.
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Águeda, Ana F., Sara Monti, Raashid Ahmed Luqmani, Frank Buttgereit, Maria Cid, Bhaskar Dasgupta, Christian Dejaco, et al. "Management of Takayasu arteritis: a systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendation for the management of large vessel vasculitis." RMD Open 5, no. 2 (September 2019): e001020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001020.
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ObjectiveTo collect available evidence on management of large vessel vasculitis to inform the 2018 update of the EULAR management recommendations.MethodsTwo independent systematic literature reviews were performed, one on diagnosis and monitoring and the other on drugs and surgical treatments. Using a predefined PICO (population, intervention, comparator and outcome) strategy, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were accessed. Eligible papers were reviewed and results condensed into a summary of findings table. This paper reports the main results for Takayasu arteritis (TAK).ResultsA total of 287 articles were selected. Relevant heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Males appear to have more complications than females. The presence of major complications, older age, a progressive disease course and a weaker inflammatory response are associated with a more unfavourable prognosis. Evidence for details on the best disease monitoring scheme was not found. High-quality evidence to guide the treatment of TAK was not found. Glucocorticoids are widely accepted as first-line treatment. Conventional immunosuppressive drugs and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors were beneficial in case series and uncontrolled studies. Tocilizumab failed the primary endpoint (time to relapse) in a randomised controlled clinical trial; however, results still favoured tocilizumab over placebo. Vascular procedures may be required, and outcome is better when performed during inactive disease.ConclusionsEvidence to guide monitoring and treatment of patients with TAK is predominantly derived from observational studies with low level of evidence. Therefore, higher-quality studies are needed in the future.
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Turner, Anastasia, Linlu Zhao, Paul Gauthier, Suzan Chen, Darren M. Roffey, and Eugene K. Wai. "Management of cervical spine epidural abscess: a systematic review." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 6 (January 2019): 204993611986394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049936119863940.
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Background: Cervical spinal epidural abscess (CSEA) is a localized infection between the thecal sac and cervical spinal column which may result in neurological deficit and death if inadequately treated. Two treatment options exist: medical management and surgical intervention. Our objective was to analyze CSEA patient outcomes in order to determine the optimal method of treatment. Methods: An electronic literature search for relevant case series and retrospective reviews was conducted through June 2016. Data abstraction and study quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. A lack of available data led to a post hoc decision not to perform meta-analysis of the results; study findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: 927 studies were identified, of which 11 were included. Four studies were ranked as good quality, and seven ranked as fair quality. In total, data from 173 patients were included. Mean age was 55 years; 61.3% were male. Intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor for CSEA development. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly cultured pathogen. 140 patients underwent initial surgery, an additional 18 patients were surgically treated upon failure of medical management, and 15 patients were treated with antibiotics alone. Conclusion: The rates of medical management failure described in our review were much higher than those reported in the literature for thoracolumbar spinal epidural abscess patients, suggesting that CSEA patients may be at a greater risk for poor outcomes following nonoperative treatment. Thus, early surgery appears most viable for optimizing CSEA patient outcomes. Further research is needed in order to corroborate these recommendations.
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Suarez-Barraza, Manuel F., José-Á. Miguel-Davila, and C. Fabiola Vasquez-García. "Supply chain value stream mapping: a new tool of operation management." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 4 (April 4, 2016): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2014-0171.
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Purpose – The issue of the supply chain has been given much attention in recent decades, both in the academic arena as well as in the business world. It has become so important that organizations have begun to directly manage the supply chain, appointing specific managers to perform this function. New challenges now include a focus on supply to determine the right time and place for product delivery. Some authors indicate a close relationship between Total Quality Management and the supply chain regarding its philosophical and operational goals and perspectives. Lee (2004) goes even further by indicating that only organizations that devise agile, adaptable and aligned supply chains will be able to continue competing in today’s environment. Therefore, observing and measuring the supply chain at all times is critical for today’s organizations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a tool called Supply Chain Value Stream Mapping (SCVSM) in order to thoroughly understand competitive priorities of volume and delivery (On-time Delivery (OTD)) for any supply chain in organizations. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory case study was conducted. Two manufacturing company which have been established in Mexico with a robust supply chain for at least 20 years, were selected. The paper chronicles the implementation of SCVSM in both case studies. Three methods were used to gather data: direct observation; documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Findings – This paper proposes a new tool for operation management called SCVSM. Its development, refinement and applied in both case studies. The evidence shows that it is possible to apply the tool (SCVSM) to visualize the variables volume and OTD in supply chains. In consequence, this research has made a small empirical contribution to the theoretical field of supply chain quality management. Research limitations/implications – This paper has the same limitations as all other case-study-based research, including analysis subjectivity and questionable generalization of findings. There may well also be a theoretical gap in the geographic region because the paper only analyzes two companies established in Mexico. Practical implications – Derived to describe both case studies on how to apply the SCVSM tool it may prove to be of value to practitioners and managers involved in the field. Similarly, a section on managerial implications has also been included. Originality/value – The study contributes to the limited existing literature on the Supply Chain Quality Management and subsequently disseminates this information in order to provide impetus, guidance and support toward increasing the development companies in an attempt to move the Mexico manufacturing sector toward world class manufacturing performance.
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Petaloti, Stergiani, Zoe Roupa, Ekaterini Lambrinou, and Maria Noula. "The Impact of Nursing Management Programs on the Quality Of Life of Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, no. 06 (June 23, 2021): 5469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i06.07.
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Background: Νon-pharmacological management programs for patients with chronic disease severe Heart Failure (HF) syndrome which programs are managed by nurses with interventions that promote self-care, self-management, self-maintenance, empowerment, behavior modification, have shown encouraging results the reduction of re-admissions, hospitalization days and positive results such as the reduction of hospital costs of the provided health care the costs of the Health Care System.
The purpose of this Systematic Review (SR) is to examine all recent prospective studies that evaluate the impact of Non-Pharmacological Management Programs by Healthcare Professionals - Nurses in the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQofL) of HF Patients.
Material and Method: After searching for published studies in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Library a total of 30 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria in this review of which 6 systematic reviews, 15 randomized controlled trials, 4 randomized pilot studies, 2 experimental studies and 3 prospective studies.
Results: Nursing education and non-pharmacological management programs for patients with HF seem to be successful and effective in improving the self-care and autonomy of patients with HF but no correlation was observed with the improvement of HRQofL.
Conclusions: Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the results of Non-Pharmacological Nursing Management of patients with HF in relation to follow-up time in the sample homogeneity, intensity and type of program to identify the most effective interventions to improve quality of life.
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Shin, Ju Young, and Barbara Habermann. "Nursing Research in Parkinson’s Disease From 2006 to 2015." Clinical Nursing Research 26, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773816634912.
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Most people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) reside in their homes with their family members. Nurses are in a good position to partner with people with PD and their family members for better self-management of the disease and improved quality of life. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the state of the science of nursing research related to PD during the 10-year period, 2006 to 2015. A total of 27 studies were included in this review. Family caregiving was the most studied topic, followed by symptom management/medication adherence, quality of life, end-of-life/palliative care, and functional status/improving function. Recommendations for future studies in PD include (a) developing and testing interventions based on theoretical models in the areas of self-management, symptom management, and function improvement in people with PD and for caregivers caring for people with advanced stage PD, and (b) building programs of research with interprofessional teams.
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Costa, Élide Sbardellotto Mariano da, and Adriano Hyeda. "Chronic case management: Clinical governance with cost reductions." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, no. 3 (June 2016): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.03.231.
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SUMMARY Introduction: With increasing global impact of chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases (CDNCD), multidisciplinary chronic disease management care programs (CDMCP) come as a solution to improve the quality of patients care. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic prospective cohort study with data comparing a group of patients monitored by a CDMCP with subjects without CDMCP care, from 2010 to 2012. The patients monitored in this program were selected because they presented CDNCD with frequent hospitalization and/or emergency care in the year prior to study selection. Also, the patients could be referred to the program by their physicians and/or other programs such as HomeCare or family medicine. All costs related to the program were included and compared with the costs of users with the same epidemiological profile who opted for not participating in the CDMCP. Results: We analyzed data from 1,256 cases, including 639 (51%) men and 617 (49%) women. The mean age was 56.99 years and 73% were older than 50 years. There was a prevalence of 34% (428) cases with ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 17% (210) with neoplasms. The cases studied showed a reduction of 79% in the number of days of hospitalization compared with the cases without CDMCP monitoring. The average reduction of total costs (hospitalizations, emergency room visits and/or disease complications) was 31.94%, with average reduction of 8.36% in monthly costs. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary monitoring carried out by CDNCD patient management programs can reduce hospitalizations, emergency room visits and complications, positively impacting the costs with health care.
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Hong, Jae-Young, Kwang-Sup Song, Jae Hwan Cho, and Jae Hyup Lee. "An Updated Overview of Low Back Pain Management in Primary Care." Asian Spine Journal 11, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2017.11.4.653.
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<p>Currently, guidelines for lower back pain (LBP) treatment are needed. We reviewed the current guidelines and high-quality articles to confirm the LBP guidelines for the Korean Society of Spine Surgery. We searched available databases for high-quality articles in English on LBP published from 2000 to the present year. Literature searches using these guidelines included studies from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. We analyzed a total of 132 randomized clinical trials, 116 systematic reviews, 9 meta-analyses, and 4 clinical guideline reviews. We adopted the SIGN checklist for the assessment of article quality. Data were subsequently abstracted by a reviewer and verified. Many treatment options exist for LBP, with a variety of recommendation grades. We assessed the recommendation grade for general behavior, pharmacological therapy, psychological therapy, and specific exercises. This information should be helpful to physicians in the treatment of LBP patients.</p>
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Epstein, Nancy. "Frequency, recognition, and management of postoperative hematomas following anterior cervical spine surgery: A review." Surgical Neurology International 11 (October 21, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_669_2020.
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Background: We reviewed the frequency, recognition, and management of postoperative hematomas (HT) (i.e. retropharyngeal [RFH], wound [WH], and/or spinal epidural hematomas [SEH]) following anterior cervical discectomy/fusion (ACDF), anterior corpectomy fusion (ACF), and/or anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). Methods: Postoperative cervical hematomas following ACDF, ACF, and ACSS ranged from 0.4% to 1.2% in a series of 11 studies involving a total of 44, 030 patients. These included; 4 single case reports, 2 small case series (6 and 30 cases), 4 larger series (758–2375 for a total of 6729 patients), an a large NSQUIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program ) Database involving 37,261 ACDF patients. Results: Risk factors contributing to postoperative cervical hematomas included; DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), therpeutic heparin levels, longer operative times, multilevel surgery, ASA Scores of +/= 3, (American Society of Anesthesiologists), prone surgery, operative times > 4 hours, smoking, higher/lower body mass index (BMI), anemia, age >65, > medical comorbidities, and male gender. Notably, the use of drains did not prevent HT, and did not increase the infection, or reoperation rates. Conclusion: In our review of 11 studies focused on anterior cervical surgery, the incidence of postoperative hematomas ranged from 0.4 to 1.2%. Early recognition of these postoperative hemorrhages, and appropriate management (surgical/non-surgical) are critical to optimize recovery, and limit morbidity, and mortality.
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Addas, Abdullah, and Ahmad Maghrabi. "The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Air Quality—A Global Review." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810212.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a serious public health threat and has had a tremendous impact on all spheres of the environment. The air quality across the world improved because of COVID-19 lockdowns. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, large numbers of studies have been carried out on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the world, but no studies have been carried out on the systematic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality. This study aims to systematically assess the bibliographic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the globe. A total of 237 studies were identified after rigorous review, and 144 studies met the criteria for the review. The literature was surveyed from Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Google search engine. The results reveal that (i) most of the studies were carried out on Asia (about 65%), followed by Europe (18%), North America (6%), South America (5%), and Africa (3%); (ii) in the case of countries, the highest number of studies was performed on India (29%), followed by China (23%), the U.S. (5%), the UK (4%), and Italy; (iii) more than 60% of the studies included NO2 for study, followed by PM2.5 (about 50%), PM10, SO2, and CO; (iv) most of the studies were published by Science of the Total Environment (29%), followed by Aerosol and Air Quality Research (23%), Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (9%), and Environmental Pollution (5%); (v) the studies reveal that there were significant improvements in air quality during lockdowns in comparison with previous time periods. Thus, this diversified study conducted on the impact of lockdowns on air quality will surely assist in identifying any gaps, as it outlines the insights of the current scientific research.
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Shetty, Kunal R., Helen H. Soh, Chase Kahn, Rita Wang, Anisha Shetty, Chris Brook, and Jessica R. Levi. "Review and Analysis of Research Trends in Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 34, no. 3 (January 7, 2020): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419896240.
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Background Chronic sinusitis is a common otolaryngologic complaint with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. There is current debate and differences in quality of evidence regarding the best surgical management approach to pediatric chronic sinusitis. Objective To investigate changes in publishing trends over time in surgical management of pediatric chronic sinusitis. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in January 2019 using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, of all articles that included surgical treatments for pediatric chronic sinusitis. Publications were grouped into 3 time periods: pre-1998, 1999–2008, and 2009–2018. In addition, a subgroup of publications pertaining to endoscopic sinus surgery, balloon sinuplasty, and adenoidectomy were grouped into 2-year periods since 1988 to compare the number of publications on each topic and to examine overall trends. Results A total of 327 abstracts were included in the data collection and analysis. There was an overall significant increase in total number of publications ( P < .0001), total number of authors ( P = .001), and comparison studies ( P = .003) from pre-1989 to 2018. Relative number of prospective studies, systemic review, and case studies/expert opinions have not significantly increased over time when comparing decades ( P > .05). Among the surgery types, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has the most amount of publications regardless of year despite a statistically significant increase in publications pertaining to balloon sinuplasty in the pediatric literature from 1999–2008 to 2009–2018 ( P = .001). Conclusions Studies on pediatric chronic sinusitis have increased significantly during each of the last 2 decades with an increase in the concomitant number of authors and comparison studies. Although most publications are still Level C or D evidence, there has been a nonsignificant increase in Level A evidence in the past decade. Endoscopic sinus surgery still remains the most studied procedure despite the recent increase in publications on balloon sinuplasty.
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Xiang, Xinfeng, Lingzhong Kong, Huaiwei Sun, Xiaohui Lei, Ji Liang, and Yueqiang Li. "Recent Developments in the Application of Water Resource Dispatching Systems in China." Water 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010026.
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This paper addresses recent developments in the application of water Resource dispatching systems (WRDSs) in China. Through a survey of watershed managers and a literature analysis, it was found that water diversion projects should be the top priority of water resource management by considering the recovery construction of water diversion projects. Case studies of WRDSs in the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) and Pearl River Basin are discussed in this article. The results show that total water consumption management (WCM), water quality monitoring and management (WQMM), minimum discharge flow management (MDFM), and water dispatch management (WDM) modules should be considered in WRDSs. Finally, strategies and needs for resolving water resource management problems are discussed, along with other applications of WRDSs in China.