Journal articles: 'Total reducing sugars (TRS)'

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Marulanda Cardona, Victor Fernando, Itzayana Gonzalez Avila, Alexandra Lopez Vanegas, and Juan Rodríguez Buitrago. "Assessment of reducing sugars production from agro-industrial wastes by batch and semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.267.

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Reducing sugars produced from agro-industrial wastes by means of hydrolysis represent a promising alternative of chemicals and energy. Yet, large scale production still struggles with several factors involving process complexity, sugars degradation, corrosion, enzyme recyclability, and economic feasibility. More recently, sub and supercritical water hydrolysis has been reported for the production of reducing sugars as a readily available alternative to acid and enzymatic biomass hydrolysis. Accordingly, in this work, the results of batch and semicontinuous lab scale subcritical water hydrolysis experiments of agro-industrial wastes of pea pot and corn stover are discussed. Experiments were carried in the temperature range 250 to 300 °C, pressures up to 3650 psi, residence times up to 30 minutes in batch mode operation, or water flowrates up to 12 mL/min in semicontinuous mode operation. Produced sugars were assessed in the effluent of each experimental run by means of dinitrosalicilic acid method (DNS). A maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 21.8% was measured for batch pea pot subcritical water hydrolysis experiments at 300°C, 15 minutes, 3650 psi, and 1:6 biomass to water mass ratio. Semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis of corn stover showed a maximum TRS accumulated yield of 19% at 290 °C, 1500 psi, and water flowrate of 9 mL/min. The results showed the feasibility of producing reducing sugars from agro-industrial wastes currently discarded through subcritical hydrolysis.

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Ren, Hongwei, Ruiquan Gong, Meiyu Li, Yize Liu, Hongyu Zhu, Can Wang, and Erhong Duan. "Natural deep eutectic solvents efficient catalytic conversion of cellulose to total reducing sugars (TRS)." Journal of Molecular Liquids 312 (August 2020): 113282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113282.

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VIANA, RONALDO DA SILVA, EDIVALDO DOMINGUES VELINI, LUCAS APARECIDO MANZANI LISBOA, ANA CAROLINA NUNES DOMINGUES ASSUMPÇÃO, and PAULO ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO FIGUEIREDO. "APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL RIPENERS MIXTURES THE TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 3 (September 2017): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n301rc.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of applying mixtures of chemical ripeners on the technological quality and agricultural productivity of sugarcane. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks arranged in split- split-plots with four blocks, the main plots being constituted by sugarcane varieties SP803280 and SP801842. The subplots consisted of the application of the following products with their respective mixtures: control - absence of ripener; Sulfometrom methyl + glyphosate; ethephon + glyphosate; glyphosate and compounds of organic carboxylic radicals + glyphosate. The sub-subplots were composed of evaluation times: 0; 15 and 30 days after applying the products. Samples from each plot were collected manually and sent to the laboratory for the determination of soluble Brix solids (% broth); Sucrose content in the broth - Pol (% broth); Reducing sugars (RS%); Total reducing sugars (TRS%); Fiber (%); Purity (%); Humidity (%) and Total recoverable sugar TRS (kg t-1). The plots were fully harvested and the stems were taken for weighing and for characteristics determination: Yield per hectare (TCH) and Yield of sugar per hectare (TAH). The SP803280 variety was more responsive to the use of mixtures of chemical ripeners. For the technological characteristics, sulfometurom methyl (0.02 kg ha-1) + glyphosate (0.15 L ha-1) presented the best results from 15 days after application. Mixtures of chemical ripeners did not increase the yields of stalks and sugar per area.

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Zhou, Yang, Miao Yang, Dongshen Tong, Haiyan Yang, and Kai Fang. "Eco-Friendly Ca-Montmorillonite Grafted by Non-Acidic Ionic Liquid Used as A Solid Acid Catalyst in Cellulose Hydrolysis to Reducing Sugars." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091832.

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An effective and friendly method was developed for the production of reducing sugars (RS) from the hydrolysis of cellulose over the solid catalyst of Ca-montmorillonite (Mt) grafted by non-acidic ionic liquid (Mt-IL) in water. The effect of mass ratio, water dosage, reaction temperature, and time were investigated in a batch reactor. Raw Mt showed only a 7.9% total reducing sugars (TRS) yield for the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose in water. As the Mt was grafted by -SO3H and IL, the TRS yield greatly increased under the same reaction conditions. The highest TRS yield of 35.7% was obtained on the catalyst of Mt grafted by non-acidic IL at 200 °C with the mass ratio of catalyst to cellulose of 0.2 for 120 min. The high TRS yield for Mt-IL should be attributed to the synergistic effect of the dissolution of cellulose by IL and the exposed metal ions on the layer with water. Although the yield of TRS on Mt-IL decreased gradually with recycling runs, the decrease after the first run was not very serious compared to the fresh catalyst. This work provides a promising strategy for efficient cellulose hydrolysis into fine chemicals by Mt with non-acidic IL.

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Garcia, Débora Branquinho, Gisele Cristina Ravaneli, Leonardo Lucas Madaleno, Miguel Angelo Mutton, and Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton. "Damages of spittlebug on sugarcane quality and fermentation process." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 5 (October 2010): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000500009.

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The quality of the raw material defines the industrial potential production. The harvest of raw sugarcane promoted a favorable environment for the increase of Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) pest that affects the plant development. This research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of M. fimbriolata on sugarcane quality and fermentation process. For the technological analysis, four damage levels and two evaluation periods were evaluated, while four fermentation cycles and two evaluation periods were tested for microbiological analysis, with three replications. The determined parameters were Brix (soluble solids), Pol (apparent sucrose), Purity, reducing sugars (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), Total Acidity, pH and Total Phenolic Compounds in juice. In the fermentation process cellular viability analysis, yeast sprout and bacterial concentration were carried out. The wine was submitted to alcohol content, TRRS (total residual reducing sugars) and fermentation efficiency. The treatment with 60% of damage steams exhibited the lowest averages of Brix, Pol, Purity and TRS of the juice. An increase of the RS% of the juice and content of total phenolic compounds was observed. The cellular and sprouts viability were reduced with the increase in the damages caused by M. fimbriolata. The fermentation process exhibited larger quantities of contaminators. With the damages, the wine TRRS quantity was superior and, consequently there was a decrease of the alcoholic content and fermentation efficiency. The damages caused by M. fimbriolata affected the quality of the raw material, compromising the fermentative process, and increase the production of phenolic compounds and contaminators.

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Schweinberger, Cristiane M., Jorge O. Trierweiler, and Luciane F. Trierweiler. "A SIMPLE EQUATION FOR TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS (TRS) ESTIMATION ON SWEET POTATO AND ETHANOL YIELD POTENTIAL." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 36, no. 1 (March 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170404.

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Nogueira, Danielle Pires, Lorena Costa Vasconcelos, Gabriel Luis Castiglioni, Fernanda Ferreira Freitas, and Araceli Aparecida Seolatto. "Comparative study of the efficiency of pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide in pineapple bagasse in different granulometries submitted to acid and enzymatic saccharification." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e4921019902. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.9902.

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This work had the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide of pineapple bagasse in order to obtain fermentable sugars by applying acid and enzymatic hydrolysis to said residue. Four experimental designs were applied to study the best conditions for the pre-treatment. Total reducing sugars (TRS) concentration was the response and hydrogen peroxide concentration, time and temperature were the independent variables. The studies were conducted using pineapple bagasse with particle sizes of 20 mesh and 48 mesh. Acid saccharification, with 2.9% sulfuric acid (v/v), following the pre-treatment, yielded TRS concentrations that reached 0.094 g of TRS/g of raw bagasse for 20 mesh and 0.101 g of TRS/g of raw bagasse for 48 mesh. The enzymatic saccharification, with 9 FPU/g cellulase and 2% (m/v) of bagasse, reached 0.063 g of TRS/g of raw bagasse for both particle sizes. The peroxide concentration showed a significant influence, the use of high concentrations reduced the TRS output in both hydrolysis. With the results found in this work, it is possible to infer the feasibility of applying pineapple bagasse as a lignocellulosic raw material.

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Souza, Renan Silva e., Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella, Vander Fillipe de Souza, and Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães Parrella. "Maturation curves of sweet sorghum genotypes." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 1 (February 2016): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542016000100004.

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ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stands out as a complementary crop to sugarcane Saccharum spp. for the production of ethanol, since it has juicy stems with directly fermentable sugars. Due to this fact, there is a need for the analysis of sweet sorghum properties in order to meet the agro-industry demand. This work aimed to develop and study the maturation curves of seven sweet sorghum cultivars in ten harvest dates. The results showed a significant difference between cultivars and harvest dates for all parameters analysed (p≤0.01). Regarding the sugar content, the cultivars BRS508, XBWS80147 and CMSX629 showed the highest means for the total reducing sugars (TRS) and recoverable sugar (RS). In the production of ethanol per tonne of biomass (EP), the cultivars BRS508 and CMSX629 presented the best results.

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Hassan, Nursia, Tan Li Wen, Nur Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar, and Ani Idris. "Ionic solution pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce sugars." BioResources 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 1816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1816-1824.

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Ferric (III) chloride, when prepared as an ionic solution, was used to pretreat oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) before undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis to convert into value-added products. The pretreatment was assisted with microwave irradiation to improve the degradation of recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic materials with minimum time. The effects of salt concentration, temperature, and duration of pretreatment on the chemical composition of OPEFB and total reducing sugar (TRS) yield were investigated. The results revealed that the best pretreatment occurred at pretreatment time of 10 min, 100 °C, and ferric chloride concentration of 10 w/v%. The TRS yield achieved using the pretreated OPEFB was approximately 0.485 g/g, which was three times higher than the non-pretreated OPEFB, which was only 0.154 g/g. Thus, the ionic solution pretreatment method is a promising alternative for replacing other pretreatment methods.

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Pires-Nogueira, Danielle, Paula Rubia Ferreira-Rosa, Araceli Aparecida Seolatto, Carlos Alberto Galeano-Suarez, and Fernanda Ferreira-Freitas. "Saccharification of Orange Bagasse Pre-treated with Calcium Hydroxide using an enzymatic blendDiluted Hydrochloric Acid." Revista ION 32, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/10.18273/revion.v32n1-2019007.

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Enzymatic and dilute acid processes were applied to study the orange bagasse hydrolysis. The moisture, ashes, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, of the orange peels, were quantified. The xylanase and cellulase enzymes activities were quantified, as well as their optimum pH and temperatures. The pre dried orange peel biomass was pre-treated with calcium hydroxide, at preestablished conditions. The hydrolysis followed a central composite factorial 2³ design. The cellulase activity was 28.05x10-6 FPU (Filter Paper Units)/m3, the optimum pH was 4.8 and the temperature was 60°C. The results for xylanase were an activity of 199.58x10-3 U/Kg, pH 5.2, and temperature 50°C. The acid hydrolysis TRS (total reducing sugars) values varied from (9.328±0.68 mg)*10-3 TRS per Kg of biomass to (30.15±0.31)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the temperature and the least the time. The enzymatic hydrolysis TRS values varied from (77.33±3.82)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass to (99.66±0.62)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the concentration of cellulase and the least the xylanase concentration

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Pires Nogueira, Danielle, Paula Rubia Ferreira Rosa, Araceli Aparecida Seolatto, Carlos Alberto Galeano Suarez, and Fernanda Ferreira Freitas. "Saccharification of Orange Bagasse Pre-treated with Calcium Hydroxide using an enzymatic blend Diluted Hydrochloric Acid." Revista ION 32, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revion.v32n1-2018007.

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Enzymatic and dilute acid processes were applied to study the orange bagasse hydrolysis. The moisture, ashes, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, of the orange peels, were quantified. The xylanase and cellulase enzymes activities were quantified, as well as their optimum pH and temperatures. The pre dried orange peel biomass was pre-treated with calcium hydroxide, at preestablished conditions. The hydrolysis followed a central composite factorial 2³ design. The cellulase activity was 28.05x10-6 FPU (Filter Paper Units)/m3, the optimum pH was 4.8 and the temperature was 60°C. The results for xylanase were an activity of 199.58x10-3 U/Kg, pH 5.2, and temperature 50°C. The acid hydrolysis TRS (total reducing sugars) values varied from (9.328±0.68 mg)*10-3 TRS per Kg of biomass to (30.15±0.31)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the temperature and the least the time. The enzymatic hydrolysis TRS values varied from (77.33±3.82)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass to (99.66±0.62)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the concentration of cellulase and the least the xylanase concentration.

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Pires Nogueira, Danielle, Paula Rubia Ferreira Rosa, Araceli Aparecida Seolatto, Carlos Alberto Galeano Suarez, and Fernanda Ferreira Freitas. "Saccharification of Orange Bagasse Pre-treated with Calcium Hydroxide using an enzymatic blend Diluted Hydrochloric Acid." Revista ION 32, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revion.v32n1-2019007.

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Enzymatic and dilute acid processes were applied to study the orange bagasse hydrolysis. The moisture, ashes, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, of the orange peels, were quantified. The xylanase and cellulase enzymes activities were quantified, as well as their optimum pH and temperatures. The pre dried orange peel biomass was pre-treated with calcium hydroxide, at preestablished conditions. The hydrolysis followed a central composite factorial 2³ design. The cellulase activity was 28.05x10-6 FPU (Filter Paper Units)/m3, the optimum pH was 4.8 and the temperature was 60°C. The results for xylanase were an activity of 199.58x10-3 U/Kg, pH 5.2, and temperature 50°C. The acid hydrolysis TRS (total reducing sugars) values varied from (9.328±0.68 mg)*10-3 TRS per Kg of biomass to (30.15±0.31)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the temperature and the least the time. The enzymatic hydrolysis TRS values varied from (77.33±3.82)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass to (99.66±0.62)*10-3 mg TRS per Kg biomass, the most significant factor was the concentration of cellulase and the least the xylanase concentration.

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Ma, Hai Yun, Zhi Ping Zhao, and Peng Lu. "Cellulose Hydrolysis by Acidic Ionic Liquids Enhanced with Microwave Heating." Advanced Materials Research 1145 (March 2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1145.75.

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The hydrolysis of cellulose into platform compounds and chemicals fuels has gained much attention to relieve the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. The filter paper (FP) cellulose with average degree of polymerization (DP) of 1000-1300 was dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) firstly. And then acidic ionic liquids (ILs), ([(CH2)3SO3HVIm]HSO4) as the catalyst was applied to hydrolyze the FP cellulose by microwave heating. Compared with the oil bath heating method, microwave heating could effectively increase the total reducing sugars (TRS) yield about 10.7%. When the ratio of ILs catalyst to FP (w/w) was 0.167, and the ratio of deionized water to FP (w/w) was 0.833, the TRS yield was up to 60.8% within 20 min at 100°C.

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Saher, Saliha, Haris Saleem, Azmat Mehmood Asim, Maliha Uroos, and Nawshad Muhammad. "Pyridinium based ionic liquid: A pretreatment solvent and reaction medium for catalytic conversion of cellulose to total reducing sugars (TRS)." Journal of Molecular Liquids 272 (December 2018): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.099.

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Andrade, Maria Gabriela de Oliveira, Ronaldo da Silva Viana, Vanessa Dias Rezende Trindade, Marco Eustáquio de Sá, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, and Maria Julia Betiolo Troleis. "Saccharin sorghum submitted to application of phosphorus and ethephon." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (June 5, 2020): e689974677. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4677.

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Saccharin sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a promising energy crop due to the storage of fermentable sugars in the stems, which are easily converted into ethanol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the application of phosphorus and Ethephon on the development, productivity of sorghum and technological quality of saccharin sorghum. The experiment was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm, located in Selviria-MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 5x4 double factorial design, with five doses of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg ha-1 P2O5) and four doses of Ethephon (0, 330, 660, 1,320 mL ha-1) with four replicates. The variables analyzed were: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, stand at 15 and 60 days after Ethephon application (D.A.A), fresh and dry biomass volume and yield. In addition, the following technological variables were evaluated: soluble solids content (BRIX%); sucrose content (POL%); reducing sugars (RS%); total reducing sugars (TRS%); fiber (%); purity (%) and humidity. The doses of P2O5 did not influence the productivity, but increased the stem diameter. Ethephon doses did not influence the yield of sorghum, but improved the technological quality of the extracted juice.

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Nehring, Victor, Rayssa Silva Menezes, Lucas Henrique Pereira Silva, Jacqueline Roberta Tamashiro Berguerand Xavier, Fabio Friol Guedes de Paiva, and Angela Mitie Otta Kinoshita. "INFLUÊNCIA DA INCORPORAÇÃO DE VINHAÇA NAS PROPRIEDADES DE COMPÓSITOS CIMENTÍCIOS NO ESTADO FRESCO." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 12, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2020.v12.n2.e317.

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Tension and compression stresses are introduced in the concrete when Portland Cement are used in large volumes, inducing pathologies such as micro-cracks related to sudden changes in temperature. Sucrose is used as a cement hydration retarding additive and produce good results. In this sense, vinasse is a source of sucrose still little explored. Vinasse is a by-product of the sugar and alcohol industry, produced in large volumes, making it very attractive in this application. This study investigates the influence of vinasse on hydration in cement pastes. The total reducing sugars (TRS) and total soluble sugars (AST) as well as the sucrose present in vinasse was determined through Fehling method. The amount of 25%, 50% and 100% of vinasse were used to substitute water in cement pastes composition. The consistency, initial and final setting time and thermal variation during hydration of pastes were. The results show that the lower amount of substitution (25%) leads to an increase in the initial and final setting time, while larger amounts did not cause the same benefits. The calorimetry test confirmed the results obtained by the setting time test, showing less heat of hydration of the paste with 25% substitution of water for vinasse.

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Bhattacharyya, Saurav, Siddhartha Datta, and Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. "Sonication Boost the Total Reducing Sugar (TRS) Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse After Dilute Acid Hydrolysis." Waste and Biomass Valorization 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2011): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-011-9078-2.

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Antit, Yousra, Inmaculada Olivares, Moktar Hamdi, and Sebastián Sánchez. "Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass from Date Palm of Phoenix dactylifera L. into Ethanol Production." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071887.

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Cellulosic fibers from date palm are among the most promising lignocellulose feedstock for biorefinery purposes. The world production is between 1.9 and 2.4 million t/year. Initially, a pretreatment with dilute-sulphuric acid of these fibers was performed using a response surface methodology, with temperature and process time as factors. The aim is to produce bioethanol from young and old fibers from date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. Optimal thermochemical pretreatment conditions for both fibers palms were 220 °C in hydrothermal conditions (without acid); in these conditions pretreated young fibers presented a maximum content in holocelluloses of 45.18% and old fibers 61.97%. Subsequently, during the enzymatic hydrolysis a maximum yield of total reducing sugars (TRS) was reached, 46.32 g/100 g for pretreated dry young fibers and 48.54 g/100 g for pretreated dry old fibers. After enzymatic saccharification, hydrolysates were fermented by Pachysolen tannophilus (ATCC 32691) to ethanol, reaching yields (YE/TRS) of 37.94 g ethanol/100 g of TRS for young fibers and 35.84 g ethanol/100 g of TRS for old fibers. Globally, considering the full process, in the fermentation of the hydrolysates, a yield (YE) of 10.64 g ethanol/100 g of dry young fibers and 10.88 g ethanol/100 g of dry old fibers was reached.

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Portero-Barahona, Patricia, Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga, Jesús Martín-Gil, and Pablo Martín-Ramos. "Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis Enhancement by Microwave-Assisted Sulfolane Pretreatment." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091703.

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Sugarcane bagasse is the major by-product of the sugarcane industry and, due to its abundant availability, it has been extensively studied for lignocellulosic bioconversion in the production of bioethanol and other value-added commercial products. In the study presented herein, a combined pretreatment using sulfolane, TiO2 and alkali microwave irradiation (MW-A) was assessed for the dissolution of lignin prior to enzymatic saccharification of holocellulose. Total reducing sugars (TRS) and saccharinic acid yields were investigated. The increase in NaOH concentration up to 5% and in temperature from 120 °C to 140 °C were found to have a positive influence on both yields. While increasing the reaction time from 5 to 60 min only led to an increase in TRS yield <2%, a reaction time of 30 min almost doubled the saccharinic acids production. TRS yields and saccharinic acid production were approximately 5% and 33% higher when the sulfolane-TiO2 reaction medium was used, as compared to MW-A in water, reaching up to 64.8% and 15.24 g/L of saccharinic acids, respectively. The proposed MW-A pretreatment may hold promise for industrial applications, given the good TRS yields obtained, and the associated enzyme and time/energy savings. The use of sulfolane-TiO2 reaction medium is encouraged if saccharinic acids are to be recovered too.

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Bhattacharyya, Saurav, Sudip Chakraborty, Siddhartha Datta, Enrico Drioli, and Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. "Production of total reducing sugar (TRS) from acid hydrolysed potato peels by sonication and its optimization." Environmental Technology 34, no. 9 (May 2013): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.733965.

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Imaizumi, Vitor Massami, Luciana Trevisan Brunelli, Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori, and Waldemar Gastoni Venturini Filho. "ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E ENERGÉTICA DE ÁGUA DE COCO IN NATURA E INDUSTRIALIZADA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 31, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2016v31n3p298-304.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar físico-quimicamente águas de coco in natura e industrializadas comercializadas em território brasileiro e determinar o valor energético das bebidas industrializadas, para compará-los com os declarados nos rótulos dos produtos. Foram realizadas análises de açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares redutores totais (ART), açúcares não redutores (ANR), sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, Ratio (SS/AT) e turbidez. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas foram comparados com os do Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade da água de coco. O valor calórico das bebidas foi calculado a partir da sua composição centesimal. As águas de coco industrializadas apresentaram maiores teores de SS, AR, ART, ANR e turbidez, e menor de pH, em relação às bebidas in natura. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as bebidas nos resultados de Ratio, cinzas e AT. Das 17 marcas analisadas, duas estão com seus valores de pH em desacordo com o estabelecido pela lei brasileira e apenas uma revelou inconformidade entre as informações de seu rótulo e os resultados das análises energéticas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cocus nucifera L., bebida não alcoólica, análise físico-química, valor calórico, padrão de identidade e qualidade. PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC ANALISYS OF FRESH AND INDUSTRIALIZED COCONUT WATERABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to physicochemically characterize fresh and industrialized coconut water sold in Brazil and determine the energy values of industrialized beverages, to compare them with the information on product labels. Analysis of reducing sugar (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), not reducing sugars (NRS), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, ratio (SS/TA) and turbidity were made. The results of physicochemical analyzes were compared with the Identity and Quality Standard of coconut water. The calorie content of the drinks was calculated from its chemical composition. The industrialized coconut water had higher values for soluble solids contents, RS, TRS, NRS and turbidity, and lower levels in pH, for fresh beverages. There was no significant difference in the results of ratio analysis, ash and TA. From 17 brands analyzed, two have their pH values in disagreement with the established by Brazilian law and only one revealed disagreement between label information and the results of the proximate analysis.KEYWORDS: Cocus nucifera L., non-alcoholic beverage, physicochemical analysis, caloric value, identity and quality standard.

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Dlangamandla, Nkosikho, Seteno Ntwampe, Justine Angadam, Elie Itoba-Tombo, Boredi Chidi, and Lukhanyo Mekuto. "Integrated Hydrolysis of Mixed Agro-Waste for a Second Generation Biorefinery Using Nepenthes mirabilis Pod Digestive Fluids." Processes 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020064.

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To sustainably operate a biorefinery with a low cost input in a commercial setting, the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass must be undertaken in a manner which will impart environmental tolerance while reducing fermenter inhibitors from the delignification process. The challenge lies with the highly recalcitrant lignin structure, which limits the conversion of the holocelluloses to fermentable total reducing sugars (TRS). Due to these challenges, sustainable and innovative methods to pre-treat biomass must be developed for delignocellulolytic operations. Herein, Nepenthes mirabilis digestive fluids shown to have ligninolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities were used as an enzyme cocktail to hydrolyse mixed agro-waste constituted by Citrus sinensis (orange), Malus domestica (apple) peels, cobs from Zea mays (maize) and Quercus robur (oak) yard waste. The digestive fluids contained carboxylesterases (529.41 ± 30.50 U/L), β-glucosidases (251.94 ± 11.48 U/L) and xylanases (36.09 ± 18.04 U/L), constituting an enzymatic cocktail with significant potential for the reduction in total residual phenolic compounds (TRPCs), while being appropriate for holocellulose hydrolysis. Furthermore, the maximum TRS obtainable was 310 ± 5.19 mg/L within 168 h, while the TRPCs were reduced from 6.25 ± 0.18 to 4.26 ± 0.09 mg/L, which was lower than that observed when conventional methods were used. Overall, N. mirabilis digestive fluids demonstrated an ability to support biocatalytic processes with minimised cellulases hydrolysis interference. Therefore, the digestive enzymes in N. mirabilis pods can be used in an integrated system for feedstock hydrolysis in a second generation biorefinery.

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Timung, Robinson, Narendra Naik Deshavath, Vaibhav V. Goud, and Venkata V. Dasu. "Effect of Subsequent Dilute Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reducing Sugar Production from Sugarcane Bagasse and Spent Citronella Biomass." Journal of Energy 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8506214.

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This work was aimed at investigating the effect of process parameters on dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of spent citronella biomass (after citronella oil extraction) and sugarcane bagasse on total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. In acid pretreatment, the parameters studied were acid concentration, temperature, and time. At the optimized condition (0.1 M H2SO4, 120°C, and 120 min), maximum TRS obtained was 452.27 mg·g−1and 487.50 mg·g−1for bagasse and citronella, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass usingTrichoderma reesei26291 showed maximum TRS yield of 226.99 mg·g−1for citronella and 282.85 mg·g−1for bagasse at 10 FPU, 50°C, and 48 hr. The maximum crystallinity index (CI) of bagasse and citronella after acid pretreatment obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis was 64.41% and 56.18%, respectively. Decreased CI after enzymatic hydrolysis process to 37.28% and 34.16% for bagasse and citronella, respectively, revealed effective conversion of crystalline cellulose to glucose. SEM analysis of the untreated and treated biomass revealed significant hydrolysis of holocellulose and disruption of lignin.

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Santos Júnior, Luís Carlos Oliveira dos, Iuri Heberle, Ana Carolina Moura de Sena Aquino, José Vladimir Oliveira, Deise Helena Baggio Ribeiro, João de Deus Medeiros, and Edna Regina Amante. "High-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide uses to inactivate Escherichia coli in pumpkin puree." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): e6510413853. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13853.

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Coli ATCC 25922 inactivation was studied to determine the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) process on pumpkin puree. Experiments were performed using a batch HPCD system at three conditions of pressure (7.5 MPa, 17.5 MPa and 27.5 MPa) at 32 °C. Afterwards, at the best experimental condition (27.5 MPa – 275 bar), a kinetic was performed to assess inactivation of microorganisms over time (from 1 to 8 h). The physicochemical characteristics (pH, total soluble solids – TSS, titratable acidity – TA, total carotenoids, total reducing sugars – TRS, moisture and optical microscopy) of the pumpkin puree were also evaluated. HPCD with acidification increases bacterial efficacy of treatments, as well as significant changes in physicochemical parameters. HPCD treatment reduced the microbial load moderately in all experiments, by a maximum of approximately 3.17 log cycles in 8 h of process at 27.5 MPa (275 bar). Optical microscopy showed no difference in cell wall, just in starch which was expected by cooking.

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Bolade, D. O., G. R. E. E. Ana, S. A. Lateef, and A. A. Sokan-Adeaga. "Exploration of the Bioethanol Yield of Single and Multi-Substrate Biomass from Cassava Processing Wastes." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.305.

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Cassava processing generates large quantities of wastes which contribute significantly to environmental pollution. These wastes are abundant and inexpensive feedstock for bioethanol production that are available all year round in every region in Nigeria. Despite their wide availability, optimal generation of bioethanol from these wastes has not been achieved. This study explored the bioethanol yielding potential of single and multi-substrates biomass from cassava processing wastes. Physicochemical characterization of the cassava processing wastes viz: cassava peels (Cp), cassava pulp (Cpu) and cassava wastewater (Cw) revealed the followings: low pH, cyanide, high total organic carbon and organic matter; low total nitrogen and phosphorus content. Among the single substrates, cassava peels (Cp) gave the highest glucose yield (GY), (48.04 mg/g) and total reducing sugars (TRS), (103.44 mg/g) respectively; while the combination of cassava peel, pulp (Cpu) and wastewater (Cw) (CpCpuCw) gave the highest GY (61.67±0.03mg/g) and TRS (111.36±0.04mg/g) among the multi-substrates. The ethanol yield obtained from the substrates at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours of fermentation were: Cp (337.5m3/kg, 354.0m3/kg and 348.6m3/kg), Cpu (249.4m3/kg, 270.6m3/kg and 264.6m3/kg), Cw (86.2m3/kg, 109.2m3/kg and 109.0m3/kg), CpCpu (352.3m3/kg, 386.9m3/kg and 381.5m3/kg), CpCw(339.0m3/kg, 370.6m3/kg and 359.4m3/kg), CpuCw (267.9m3/kg, 279.5m3/kg and 271.2m3/kg), and CpCpuCw (408.7m3/kg, 427.5m3/kg and 410.6m3/kg) respectively. The study revealed that the combination of the three wastes (CpCpuCw) produced the highest GY/TRS and yield of bioethanol among the substrates, while the maximum ethanol yield was obtained at 48 hours of fermentation. Hence bioethanol production from multi-substrates biomass of cassava processing wastes should be fully explored.

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Ademakinwa, Adedeji Nelson, Mayowa Oladele Agunbiade, and Femi Kayode Agboola. "Trilepisium madagascariense fruit-wastes as cheap feedstock for bioethanol production." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 63, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2019.1.45-50.

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Trilepisium madagascariense fruits are carbohydrate-rich and this study directly fermented the fruit wastes into bioethanol without the need for nutrient supplementation. The total reducing sugar (TRS) present in the mesocarp and seed of T. madagascariense fruit wastes (Tmfw) was fermented to bioethanol using Aureobasidium pullulans. Bioethanol production by A. pullulans was also optimized using Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The TRS in the mesocarp and seed of Tmfw were 11.2 ± 0.8 and 17.1 ± 1.2 g/L, respectively and further hydrolysis with cellulase resulted in increased TRS indicating the presence of cellulose. Pre-optimization, the bioethanol yield (Yps) and volumetric productivity (Qp) obtained from the fermentation of the seed by A. pullulans were 0.57 ± 0.03 g/g and 0.21 ± 0.02 g/L-1h-1, respectively. The optimum conditions for maximum bioethanol production were pH (5.95), time (24 h) and substrate concentration (5 g/L) resulting in Yps, Qp of 0.66 ± 0.06 g/g and 0.27 + 0.01 g/L-1h-1, respectively after model validation. Tmfw served as a suitable, cheap, non-toxic and readily available substrate especially in Nigeria to produce bioethanol while A. pullulans is a fungus that might be utilized for large-scale industrial bioethanol production.

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Yuan, Bo, Ying Wang, Ying Chao Ji, and Qiu Hong Wang. "The Formation of Plasma Acid at Atmospheric Pressure and its Application in Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1626.

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In this paper, plasma acid was obtained by treating distilled water with dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in order to hydrolyze cellulose. The acidity of plasma acid was studied through a single factor experiment. A plasma acid with pH value of 1.42 was obtained and used to hydrolyze microcrystalline cellulose at 80°C for 60min. Under this condition, the integrated optical density (IOD) of the hydrolysis sample was 0.589. Based on standard glucose curve, the total reducing sugar (TRS) was calculated to be 53.75mg and the TRS yield was 53.75%. The filtrate was evaporated to get the solid hydrolysis sample to be analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the sample mainly consisted of glucose, which proved that microcrystalline cellulose could be hydrolyzed by plasma acid. Therefore, it could be concluded that it was an environmentally friendly and economical method to hydrolyze the microcrystalline cellulose by plasma acid.

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Jayanty, Sastry S., Esam Emragi, and David G. Holm. "The Effect of Field Heat Reduction Methods on Fresh and Processing Qualities of Red and Russet Potato Cultivars." SDRP Journal of Food Science & Technology 6, no. 2 (2021): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jfst.6.2.ra.10747.

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The effect of three field heat reduction methods, including temperature lowering stepwise (TLS), temperature lowering gradually (TLG), and temperature lowering immediately (TLI), after harvesting on the quality of Russet Norkotah 3 and red skin numbered line CO 07102-1R potatoes were investigated. The tubers were analyzed at harvest (0 time), when they reached 3 °C, and after 6 months of storage at 3 °C for physiological weight loss, firmness, wound healing, total phenolics content, reducing sugars, and color of french fries. The results indicated that weight and firmness losses were lower under the TLS reduction method after 6 months of storage than TLG and TLI methods. The weight loss in TLS is 12%, TLG 14% and TLI 17% in CO 07102-1R whereas Russet Norkotah TLS is 4%, TLG 6%, and TLI 8% respectively. Wound healing was more effective using the TLS reduction method, especially in Russet Norkotah 3. French fry color was lighter at harvest (USDA grade 0), while there were no differences in the color of French fries prepared from tubers stored under the TLS and TLG methods (both had USDA grade 2). French fries were darker for tubers from the TLI method (USDA grade 4). The total phenolic content and reducing sugars were significantly increased in the TLI field heat reduction method. Keywords: Potato, Storage management, Wound healing, Weight loss, French fry

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Kristiani, Anis, Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring, Yosi Aristiawan, Fauzan Aulia, Luthfiana Nurul Hidayati, and Haznan Abimanyu. "Catalytic Performance of Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Hydrolysis of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.6.209-215.

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Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products, such as chemicals and fuels, has attracted global interest. One of lignocellulosic biomass, palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB), has major content of cellulose (30-40%), which is highly potential to be a raw material for fermentable sugar production. In this research, a series of sulfonated carbon catalysts with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 10-30 v/v%) solutions have been successfully prepared and applied for a single stage of heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis over microcrystalline cellulose and EFB under moderate temperature condition and ambient pressure. The catalysts’ physical and chemical properties were characterized by using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. The characterization results showed that sulfonated carbon had relatively similar physical properties with the parent of active carbon. The hydrolysis activity of sulfonated carbon catalysts gave various Total Reducing Sugar (TRS). The effects of sulfate loading amount in catalyst samples and various ionic liquids were investigated. The hydrolysis of pure microcrystalline cellulose powder (Avicel) using 30%-sulfonated carbon (30-SC) catalyst in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid at 150°C yielded the highest TRS of 16.11%. Subsequently, the catalyst of 30-SC was also tested for hydrolysis of EFB and produced the highest TRS of 40.76% in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid at 150°C for 4 h. The obtained results highlight the potential of sulfonated carbon catalysts for hydrolysis of EFB into fermentable sugar as an intermediate product for ethanol production.

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ALMEIDA MOREIRA, BRUNO RAFAEL, RONALDO SILVA VIANA, GUSTAVO PAVAN MATEUS, and MATHEUS LUIS OLIVEIRA CUNHA. "TECHNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SWEET SORGHUM JUICE cv. CMSXS-646 SUBMITTED TO CHEMICAL RIPENERS APPLICATION AND SAMPLING PERIODS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 3 (December 21, 2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p420-430.

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ABSTRACT - There is a little information about sweet sorghum crop behavior under chemical ripeners spraying management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the technological profile of sweet sorghum (cv. CMSXS-646) juice under spraying of plant growth regulators and sampling periods. A randomized complete block experimental factorial design was used, with an additional control treatment (arrangement 2x2+1), corresponding to two chemical ripeners with three-doses for each product, glyphosate (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 l c.p. ha-1) and methyl-sulfumeturon (10, 20, and 30 g c.p. ha-1), two sampling periods (15 and 30-days after spraying - DAS) and one control treatment (water spraying). After crop harvest, stalks were milled using a hydraulic press and the derived juice was assessed for total soluble solids (°Brix), apparent sucrose (POL), purity (PRT), reducing sugars (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), fibers (FIB) and recoverable theoretical sugars (RTS). The dataset was subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher, Tukey, Pearson and multiple linear regression statistical tests (p<0.05). There was an interaction between causes of variation for almost all assessed characteristics except to RTS, only affected by the sampling period. As conclusion, it is possible to grow sweet sorghum (cv. CMSXS-646) till thirty-days after spraying of chemical ripeners, treated by glyphosate 0.4 l c.p. ha-1 or sulfumeturon-methyl 10 g c.p. ha-1, because these doses caused feedstock with high °Brix, POL, total reducing sugars, purity levels.Keywords: Sorghum spp., phytorregulators, plant growth regulators, glyphosate, sulfumeturon-methyl. PERFIL TECNOLÓGICO DE CALDO DE SORGO SACARINO (cv. CMSXS-646) SUBMETIDO À APLICAÇÃO DE MATURADORES QUÍMICOS E ÉPOCAS DE AMOSTRAGEMRESUMO – Há poucas informações sobre o comportamento da cultura do sorgo sacarino sob manejo de aplicação de maturadores químicos. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil tecnológico de caldo de sorgo sacarino cv. CMSXS-646 submetido à aplicação de maturadores químicos e períodos de amostragem. Aplicou-se o delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema de fatorial (2x2+1), correspondente a dois maturadores químicos com três dosagens - glifosato (0,2; 0,4 e 0,8 l p.c. ha-1) e sulfumeturon-metil (10, 20 e 30 g p.c. ha-1); dois períodos de amostragem (15 e 30 dias após aplicação - DAA); e um tratamento controle (aplicação de água). Após a colheita, destinaram-se colmos à moagem, realizada em prensa hidráulica, para extração de caldo; avaliaram-se sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), sacarose aparente (POL), pureza (PRT), açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares redutores totais (ART), fibras (FIB) e açúcares teóricos recuperáveis (ATR). Ao conjunto de dados, aplicaram-se testes estatísticos, Shapiro- Wilk, Fisher, Tukey, Pearson e regressão múltipla, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Houve interação entre as causas de variação para quase todas as características, exceto ATR, influenciado, somente, pelo período de amostragem. Concluiu-se que a aplicação dos maturadores químicos glifosato 0,4 l c.p. ha-1 e sulfumeturon-metil 10 g p.c. ha-1 apresentou um incremento na qualidade da matéria-prima com alto teor de °Brix, POL, açúcares redutores totais e níveis de pureza trinta dias após a pulverização dos maturadores.Palavras-chave: Sorghum spp., fitorreguladores, reguladores de crescimento vegetal,

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Kristiani, Anis, Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring, Haznan Abimanyu, and Fauzan Aulia. "HIDROLISIS LIGNOSELULOSA PELEPAH DAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN KATALIS ZIRKONIA TERSULFATASI." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v15i2.112.

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Lignocellulosic biomass which are frond and empty fruit bunches (EFB) is second generation raw material for ethanol production. Lignocellulose usage is expected to create a green process. Utilization of lignocellulose materials into ethanol involved four main processes, i.e pretreatment, hydrolysis/sacharification, fermentation, distillation and dehydration ethanol that was product. This research aims to optimize hydrolysis process of EFB and frond by using sulfated zirconia catalyst characterized its physical and chemical properties as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic hydrolysis process conducted at 160 DCfor 3 hours gave the highest TRS (Total Reducing Sugar) which is 17,51 % for EFB while for frondfor 2 hours which is 19,23 % .Keyword: Hydrolysis, solid acid catalyst, lignocellulose, frond, EFB, sulfated zirconia

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Rasid, Nurul Suhada Abdur, Amnani Shamjuddin, and Nor Aishah Saidina Amin. "Chemical and Structural Changes of Ozonated Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in a Ribbon-Mixer Reactor." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10506.383-395.

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Agricultural wastes especially empty fruit bunch (EFB) are abundantly available to be utilized as a feedstock for biochemical synthesis or biofuel production. The components of the waste include lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulose, the polymer of glucose, is the active component for producing bio-based chemicals. However, it is difficult to isolate cellulose since lignin, the most outer layer in the waste is recalcitrant. Therefore, the agricultural wastes need to be pre-treated prior to downstream processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozone pretreatment on lignin degradation and total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. EFB was pre-treated using ozone gas in a ribbon-mixer reactor. The chemical and structural changes of ozonated EFB were analysed. The highest delignification obtained were 95.7 wt.% and TRS yield was enhanced to 84.9% at a moisture content of 40 wt.% with 60 g/m3 ozone concentration within one hour of reaction time. Both NMR and FTIR spectra conferred major peaks inferring higher lignin degradation could be achieved using ozonolysis. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Hassan, Nursia, Nur Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar, and Ani Idris. "Strategy to enhance the sugar production using recyclable inorganic salt for pre-treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 4912–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.4912-4931.

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Inorganic salts were used for the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) to enhance the delignification and saccharification yield of OPEFB. The sequential pretreatment of OPEFB using sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4.12H2O) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) proved to be an effective approach. OPEFB was delignified by 58.8%, producing a maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 0.97 g/g under optimum pretreatment conditions of 15% Na3PO4.12H2O, 60 min (30 min/stage) pretreatment time, 10% solid to liquid ratio, and pretreatment temperature of 121 °C. In addition, structural and morphological analysis of the pretreated OPEFB using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X- ray diffraction (X-RD) revealed major structural changes, such as the generation of porous structure, which allows for better enzyme accessibility. Moreover, recycle experiments showed encouraging findings, as the spent pretreatment liquid with pH adjustment can be recycled efficiently for at least 5 times without a substantial decrease in its effectiveness.

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Başkan, Kevser Sözgen, Esma Tütem, Esin Akyüz, Seda Özen, and Reşat Apak. "Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay based on cupric reduction." Talanta 147 (January 2016): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.049.

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G Rajesh and B Vidya Vardhini. "Studies on the role of homobrassinolide on the metabolites in turmeric leaves." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 1, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2021.1.3.0022.

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The effect of homobrassinolide (HBL) sprayed in four different concentrations viz., viz., 0.5µM, 1.0µM, 2.0µM, and 3.0µM on the metabolites viz., chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrate fractions (reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and starch) and soluble proteins present in turmeric plants grown in the semi-arid tropics of Nizamabad was studied. The soil of Nizamabad is known to posses high concentrations of salt and the place is usually a semi-arid tropical area where the crops are prone to drought and salt stresses and foliar application of HBL is to ameliorate these stresses and improve the metabolites of turmeric plant. All the four concentrations of HBL played a very positive role in ameliorating the saline stress and enhanced the metabolite contents viz., chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrate fractions (reducing sugars, total sugars, total sugars and starch), and soluble proteins in turmeric plants. HBL at 3.0μM was found most effective in increasing chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrates and soluble proteins compared to the other treatments as well as control plants.

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SATYANARAYANA, Botcha, Prattipati Subhashini DEVI, and Atluru ARUNDATHI. "Biochemical Changes During Seed Germination of Sterculia urens Roxb." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 3 (August 25, 2011): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336116.

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The present study describes biochemical changes taking place during seed germination of Sterculia urens. The levels of proteins, total amino acids, reducing sugars, total soluble sugars and lipids were studied during various stages of seed germination (0-15 days). Total protein content was decreased in cotyledons during seed germination while free amino acid content increased to its maximum extent by 9th day of germination and reverse trend thereafter. The levels of reducing sugars and total soluble sugars increased till 6th day of germination and decreased thereafter. The lipid content was high at initial stages of germination (0-6 days) but gradually decreased by 15th day of germination.

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Oliveira, T. A., C. A. Paiva, A. C. Silva, L. V. Nascimento, R. H. L. Leite, and E. M. M. Aroucha. "Postharvest Quality of Tommy Atkins Mangoes Coated With Cassava Starch and Chitosan-Based Coatings." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 11 (October 15, 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n11p401.

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This study aimed to evaluate postharvest quality of Tommy Atkins mangoes treated with starch cassava and chitosan based coatings. Mango fruits were collected at physiological maturity. After cleaning, weighing and identification, fruits were submitted to the respective treatments and stored for 35 days in the Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, with weekly evaluations under refrigeration 13±1 ºC and 90±5% RH. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme with four treatments: control, cassava starch (CS), chitosan (CH), and cassava starch/chitosan (CS/CH) at a concentration of 2%, and six storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) with four replications. Fruits were evaluated in: appearance, weight loss, external color: luminosity and ΔE, pulp firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, starch, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using SISVAR software and compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. It was observed a reduction in appearance, pulp firmness, titratable acidity, starch and reducing sugars and increase in weight loss, luminosity, ΔE, soluble solids, total soluble sugars and non-reducing sugars during storage. CS/CH coated fruits reported higher notes of appearance, lower weight loss and maintained color. Quality of physicochemical attributes: soluble solids, starch, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were strongly retarded.

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Luo, Hui Bo, Da Di Wang, Yi Wang, Yong Wang, and Cai Hong Wang. "The Change Rules of Physiochemical Indexes of Luzhou-Flavor Daqu Based on Continuous Flow Chemical Analyzer." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.761.

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The continuous flow chemical analyzer was applied for the determination of the content of total acid, reducing sugars and free amino acids of Luzhou-flavor Daqu in the whole making process including fermentation and storage period. The result showed that the total acid, reducing sugars and free amino acids had a dramatic change in the period of Daqu fermentation and had a higher level with a small fluctuation in the prophase of Daqu storage. In the late phase of Daqu storage, the total acid and reducing sugars decreased considerably and tend to be stable finally, while the free amino acid was still maintained at a high level. The total acid and reducing sugar had a significant positive correlation (the correlation coefficient of total acid and reducing sugar content was 0.946,P<0.01), and both of them had no correlation with the content of free amino acid.

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Cadet, Frédéric, Christine Robert, and Bernard Offmann. "Simultaneous Determination of Sugars by Multivariate Analysis Applied to Mid-Infrared Spectra of Biological Samples." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 3 (March 1997): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971940224.

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We have investigated the use of principal component analysis (PCA) to describe and assess mid-infrared spectral data obtained from complex biological samples containing sucrose, fructose, and glucose. The correlation coefficients between spectral data and chemical values of each variable (sucrose, glucose, fructose, total sugars, and reducing sugars) showed that in each case, axes 1, 3, 4, and 5 had the highest values. These values also indicated which axes each variable was mostly correlated with. The results also showed that the samples were distributed according to their sucrose concentrations (or total sugars) along a concentration gradient in the projection plan formed between axes 1 and 3. No clear discrimination according to concentration was observed with other factorial maps. Prediction equations that linked sucrose, fructose, glucose, total sugar, and reducing sugars concentrations to the spectral data were established by regression on the principal component. Very high correlation coefficients values between the first 10 axes and the chemical values were obtained (between 0.9757 and 0.998). From such aqueous biological samples containing a ternary mixture of sucrose, fructose, and glucose, it was possible to (1) identify the characteristic IR bands of these different sugars (and their combination: reducing sugars/total sugars) and (2) to specifically measure their concentrations with a relatively good accuracy.

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Santos, Mirelle Nayana de Sousa, Ana Maria Mapeli, and Márcia Martins Tolentino. "Carbohydrate metabolism in floral structures of Lilium pumilum in different development stages." Ciência Rural 46, no. 7 (April 19, 2016): 1142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140956.

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ABSTRACT: Lilium pumilum is a species that stands out in floriculture for presenting orange inflorescences that attract the consumer. This study thus aimed at characterizing the carbohydrate metabolism of floral structures of L. pumilum in different development stages. For this purpose, carbohydrate levels (total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and starch), at different floral stages (E0 - bud with no color; E1 - bud at early coloring; E2 - orange bud; E3 - open flower; E4 - senescent flower) were quantified after extraction with ethanol. Lilium pumilum flowers showed high energy potential during floral opening and senescence; total soluble sugars were the main carbohydrates present in the species, reducing with the floral development, and the same occurred with the non-reducing sugar and starch contents. The reducing-sugar content increased with the floral stages. Therefore, this species presents great mobilization of compounds, which are utilized in the production of energy that is employed in floral opening.

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Lamarre, Michel, and Suzanne Payette. "Influence de la fertilisation azotée sur la production du tabac à cigarette au Québec." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-046.

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The effect of nitrogen applications on flue-cured tobacco production and chemical composition have been observed for 5 yr. The nitrogen applications resulted in an increase of yield, gross return, total alkaloids and total nitrogen and a decrease of quality index, maturity index, reducing sugars and ratio of reducing sugars:total alkaloids. The use of 30–45 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, depending on soil type and the cultivar, produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, yield, quality, gross return, total alkaloids, total N, reducing sugars

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Thakur, Meenakshi, and B. S. Sohal. "Effect of elicitors on physiomorphological and biochemical parameters of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and rapeseed (B. napus)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.373.

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The present investigation was aimed to assess the effect of different concentrations of elicitors viz., salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) on physiomorphological and biochemical parameters of Brassica juncea and B. napus cultivars. The field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Four different treatments of elicitors and a fungicide treatment were given to 10 week old plants up to four consecutive weeks. Content of total soluble protein, free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars ofleaves of both B. juncea and B. napus were evaluated after each spray. The content of total soluble protein increased, whereas the contents of free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars decreased in all the treatments after each spray. Among all the treatments, the combinations of elicitors, i.e., BTH (3 ppm) + SA (33 ppm) and BTH (7 ppm) + SA (17 ppm) exhibited maximum contents of total soluble protein, free amino acids, total sugars and reducing sugars than control in both the cultivars. These treatments were more pronounced in increasing plant height, internodal distance and number of pods per plant in both the cultivars. Our results suggest that the combinations of elicitors act synergistically to promote growth and metabolic activities in B. juncea and B. napus cultivars leading to the induction and regulation of disease resistance.

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Amezcua-Allieri, Myriam A., Teresa Sánchez Durán, and Jorge Aburto. "Study of Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Material to Obtain Fermentable Sugars." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5680105.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis using a factorial experimental design (23) in order to obtain fermentable sugars from cellulose-based material (CBM) usually used as pet litter. In assessing chemical hydrolysis, we studied the effect of temperature, in addition to H2SO4 concentration and reaction time, on the production of total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble lignin, carbohydrate profile, furfural (F), and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). We performed a response surface analysis and found that, at 100°C, 1% acid concentration, and 60 min reaction time, the yields of 0.0033 g reducing sugar/g biomass and 0.0852 g total sugars/g biomass were obtained. Under the above conditions, F is not generated, while HMF is generated in such a concentration that does not inhibit fermentation. We pretreated the CBM with H2SO4, NaOH, CaO, or ozonolysis, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis from the pretreated biomass, using an enzymatic cocktail. Results showed that CBM with acid was susceptible to enzymatic attack, obtaining a concentration of 0.1570 g reducing sugars/g biomass and 0.3798 g total sugars/g biomass. We concluded that acid pretreatment was the best to obtain fermentable sugars from CBM.

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Pereira, Gerlândia da S., Francisca L. de C. Machado, and José M. C. da Costa. "Quality of ‘Valencia Delta’ orange after degreening and coating with wax." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 10 (October 2016): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n10p936-940.

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ABSTRACT In this study, oranges of the cultivar ‘Valencia Delta’ were degreened, coated with carnaúba-based wax and stored under refrigeration. The influence of the application of exogenous ethylene and coating was observed on physical and physico-chemical properties of the fruits. After the application of the treatments, the fruits were refrigerated (7 ± 2 oC) for a period of 35 days. The analyzed variables included weight loss, peel color, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, total polyphenols and total chlorophyll of the peel. The coated fruits showed significant reduction in weight loss when compared with the uncoated fruits, which lost about 3.0% of moisture at the end of the experiment. Significant reduction in the values of hue angle, accompanied by sharp deterioration in chlorophyll contents, suggested that the applied ethylene concentration was efficient in reducing green peel color. The contents of total polyphenols, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars increased while ascorbic acid decreased. The application of the coating, after degreening, was fundamental in maintaining the quality of the ‘Valencia Delta’ orange during storage.

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Steen, S., and N. Benkeblia. "VARIATION OF REDUCING AND TOTAL SUGARS DURING GROWTH OF ONION TISSUES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1047 (August 2014): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1047.3.

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Ahmed, Ishfaq, Mati Ullah Khan, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Shermat Ullah Ullah, Arsalan Khan, and Suraiya Jamal. "Development and Quality Evaluation of Banana Mushroom Blended Jam." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 60, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.60.1.2017.11.18.

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The effect of various blends of banana (B) and mushroom (M) as well as storage time on theoverall quality characteristics of jam at ambient temperature were studied for three months of storageperiod. All the treatments were analysed for physicochemical properties (total soluble solids (°Brix), pH,reducing sugars (%), non-reducing sugars (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) and percent acidity) and sensoryproperties (taste, colour, texture and overall acceptability). Significant (P < 0.05) increase were examinedin total soluble solids (67.94-69.78 °brix), percent acidity (0.71-0.87%) and reducing sugars (18.17-29.33%)during the storage period. While, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in pH (3.45 to 3.26), non reducing sugars(44.90-30.83%), ascorbic acid (7.81 to 5.52 mg/100 g), colour (7.34 to 4.84), taste (7.27 to 4.51), texture(7.06 to 4.60) and overall acceptability (7.17 to 4.69) were observed. Physicochemical and sensory analysesshowed that jam prepared from BM6 (400 g banana + 600 g mushroom + 1kg sugar + 2 g citric acid) wasof good quality attributes among the treatments.

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Kucharska, Karolina, Rafał Łukajtis, Edyta Słupek, Hubert Cieśliński, Piotr Rybarczyk, and Marian Kamiński. "Hydrogen Production from Energy Poplar Preceded by MEA Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113029.

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The need to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass prior to dark fermentation results primarily from the composition of lignocellulose because lignin hinders the processing of hard wood towards useful products. Hence, in this work a two-step approach for the pre-treatment of energy poplar, including alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification followed by fermentation has been studied. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the alkaline catalyst and diatomite immobilized bed enzymes were used during saccharification. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to determine the optimal alkaline pre-treatment conditions resulting in the highest values of both total released sugars (TRS) yield and degree of lignin removal. Three variable parameters (temperature, MEA concentration, time) were selected to optimize the alkaline pre-treatment conditions. The research was carried out using the Box-Behnken design. Additionally, the possibility of the re-use of both alkaline as well as enzymatic reagents was investigated. Obtained hydrolysates were subjected to dark fermentation in batch reactors performed by Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 with a final result of 22.99 mL H2/g energy poplar (0.6 mol H2/mol TRS).

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Godoy, Rossana Catie Bueno de, Nina Waszczynskj, Fernanda Alves Santana, Sebastião de Oliveira e. Silva, Luciana Alves de Oliveira, and Guilherme Godoy dos Santos. "Physico-chemical characterization of banana varieties resistant to black leaf streak disease for industrial purposes." Ciência Rural 46, no. 9 (June 7, 2016): 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150905.

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ABSTRACT: Cultivated bananas have very low genetic diversity making them vulnerable to diseases such as black-Sigatoka leaf spot. However, the decision to adopt a new banana variety needs to be based on a robust evaluation of agronomical and physical-chemical characteristics. Here, we characterize new banana varieties resistant to black-Sigatoka leaf spot and compare them to the most widely used traditional variety (Grand Naine). Each variety was evaluated for a range of physic-chemical attributes associated with industrial processing and flavor: pH, TTA, TSS/TTA, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, humidity, total solids and yield. The Thap Maeo variety had the highest potential as a substitute for the Grand Naine variety, having higher levels of total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars and humidity. The Caipira and FHIA 2 varieties also performed well in comparison with the Grand Naine variety. Cluster analysis indicated that the Grand Naine variety was closely associated with varieties from the Gross Michel subgroup (Bucaneiro, Ambrosia and Calipso) and the Caipira variety, all of which come from the same AAA genomic group. It was concluded that several of the new resistant varieties could potentially substitute the traditional variety in areas affected by black-Sigatoka leaf spot disease.

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Seif El-Yazal, M. A., Samir A. Seif El-Yazal, Mohamed E. Morsi, and Mostafa M. Rady. "Onion Extract Application Effects on Flowering Behavior and Yield, and a few Chemical Constituents of Shoots throughout Dormancy Break in "Anna" Apple Trees." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 7 (August 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.7.1.

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Metabolic changes in water content, total carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars, anthocyanin, total free amino acids, proline and total indoles in shoots of "Anna" apple (Malus sylvestris, Mill) trees were investigated during dormancy and bud break under the effect of foliar application of four onion extract rates (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Flowering percentage and fruit yield characteristics (i.e., fruit-set, number of fruits tree-1 and fruit yield tree-1) were increased, while number of days recorded to reach full bloom were reduced with the application of both onion extract rates (15 or 20%). In addition, contents of total carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars, anthocyanin, total free amino acids, proline and total indoles in shoots were significantly increased in floral buds, particularly during bud break. In contrast, the content of free phenols was reduced. The best results were obtained from the rate of onion extract at the level of 20% followed by 15% that could be recommended for early and high percentage of flowering and increased yield by regulating the metabolism of amino acids, including proline and indoles in apple floral buds.

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Krystyna, Zarzecka, and Gugała Marek. "The effect of herbicides and biostimulants on sugars content in potato tubers." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 2 (February 6, 2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2018-pse.

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The objective of the present work was to determine changes in total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose content in potato tubers under conditions involving an application of biostimulants and herbicides. Research material included table potato tubers obtained in a three-year field experiment. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replicates. The factors were as follows: factor I – three table potato cultivars (Bartek, Gawin and Honorata), factor II – five methods of biostimulant and herbicide application (1. control – without biostimulants or herbicides; 2. Harrier 295 ZC (linuron + chlomazon); 3. Harrier 295 ZC (linuron + chlomazon) and growth regulator Kelpak®SL; 4. Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin); 5. Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin) and growth regulator Asahi®SL. Variance analysis demonstrated that total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose content were affected by the biostimulants and herbicides applied as well as cultivars and weather conditions. Compared with control, a significant increase in total sugars followed an application of Sencor 70 WG as well as Sencor 70 WG and the growth regulator Asahi®SL whereas reducing sugars and sucrose content significantly increased after Sencor 70 WG and the growth regulator Asahi®SL were applied.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Total reducing sugars (TRS)'

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