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Journal articles on the topic 'Total Suspended Particulate matter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Camiolo, Martina D., Ezequiel Cozzolino, Ana I. Dogliotti, Claudia G. Simionato, and Carlos A. Lasta. "An empirical remote sensing algorithm for retrieving total suspended matter in a large estuarine region." Scientia Marina 83, no. 1 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04847.22a.

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The Río de la Plata is a large, shallow estuary located at approximately 35°S and flowing into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It carries a high amount of nutrients and suspended particulate matter, both organic and inorganic, to the adjacent shelf waters and is considered among the most turbid estuarine systems in the world. Knowledge of the concentration and spatial and temporal variability of these materials is critical for any biological study in the Río de la Plata. In this work, the relationship between suspended particulate matter and turbidity is empirically established in order to derive suspended particulate matter maps from satellite data (MODIS-Aqua) for the Río de la Plata region. A strong correlation between suspended particulate matter and turbidity was found (Pearson correlation coefficient =0.91) and the linear regression (slope =0.76 and intercepts =12.78, R2=0.83) explained 83% of the variance. The validation of the empirical algorithm, using co-located and coincident satellite and in situ measurements, showed good results with a low mean absolute error (14.60%) and a small and positive bias (3.04%), indicating that the estimated suspended particulate matter values tend to slightly overestimate the field values.

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Chyc, Marek. "Air purifier – individual protection against indoor particulate matter." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 10, no. 1 (2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0663.

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The research work presents the findings of testing air purified using two commercial air purifiers available on the local market. Tests were carried out in the office and bedroom of a residential building. The results obtained show a high (75–93%) yield of air purification from particulate matter. Particulate matters fractions such as: PM1, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10 and total suspended particulates (TSP) were analysed by means professional dust meter. A very strong correlation of particulate matter (PM) contents were found in individual particle classes during equipment operation. Obtained results approve high efficiency of equipment operation in the total range of measured values. This study is one of the first in the topic of assessing the effectiveness of PM purification, taking into account various dust fractions. This study should be useful for individual customers and for public utilities during purchase decisions.

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Danciulescu, Valeriu, Andreea Cozea, Elena Bucur, Gheorghita Tanase, and Mihai Bratu. "Concentration versus number of particles in the assessment of air pollution with particulate matters." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 1 (2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2022.107.

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In this paper, an assessment study was performed regarding air pollution with particulate matters including submicron particles. The evaluation of the contamination level was performed at a textile production unit in Pascani, Romania, which produces polyester knitwear. In the study, automatic determinations of total suspended particulate matters (TSP), PM 10, PM 2.5, and PM 1 (particle with nominal diameter <10 µm, <2.5 µm, and <1 µm), and submicron particulate matters (0.25, 0.35, 0.50 and 0.70) were performed both outdoor, in the ambient air, and indoor (workplace) in the area of the knitting machines. The correlation between the mass concentrations of submicronic particles (µg/m 3) and the numerical concentrations (number of particles/m3) was studied, too, to establish the most appropriate expression of the air pollution level with particulate matter. The results of the performed tests showed a level of ambient air pollution with particulate matters that exceed the limit values in the case of PM 2.5 and PM 10, the total suspended particulates still falling within the limits established by law. Likewise, in the case of workplace air, the level of inhalable particulate matter (particles with nominal diameter <100 µm), the concentration is below the limit values. Regarding the way of expressing the concentration of air particles, in µg/m3 or in no. particles/m3 the tests indicated better representativeness of the pollution level if the concentration in µg m3 is expressed for the dimensional fractions with diameter ≥ 1 µm and in no. particles/m3 for particles with a diameter of ≤1 µm.

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Jerez, Sheryll B., Yuanhui Zhang, Joshua W. McClure, et al. "Comparison of Measured Total Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations Using Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance and a Total Suspended Particulate Sampler." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 56, no. 3 (2006): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464460.

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Ospina-Alvarez, Natalia, Pawel Burakiewicz, Monika Sadowska, and Beata Krasnodebska-Ostrega. "TlI and TlIII presence in suspended particulate matter: speciation analysis of thallium in wastewater." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2015): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14181.

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Environmental context Thallium occurs in the environment in two oxidation states, with TlIII being 1000-fold more toxic than TlI. We present a fractionation and speciation study of thallium in suspended particulate matter from highly polluted wastewater samples, and elucidate the dominant forms of thallium. Abstract Thallium (Tl) is a toxic element, whose toxicity is affected by its redox state. Compared with TlIII, TlI is thermodynamically more stable and less reactive; therefore in aquatic environments, dissolved thallium is mostly present as TlI. However, TlIII could be 1000 times more toxic than TlI. A combination of a fractionation and a speciation study carried out in highly polluted wastewater samples from a mining area in southern Poland in order to characterise chemical speciation of Tl in physically defined fractions is presented here. Total, particulate and dissolved thallium was determined. A leaching experiment based on forming TlIII complexed with diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid – a TlIII–DTPA complex – was performed in filters containing suspended particulate matter after single (0.45µm) and sequential filtration (15 + 0.45µm) of wastewater samples. This is the first speciation study of Tl carried out in suspended particulate matter. The results obtained indicate that the dominant form of Tl in suspended particulate matter is TlI, but TlIII could be found in suspended particulate matter fractions larger than 0.45µm.

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Ospina-Alvarez, N., P. Burakiewicz, M. Sadowska, and B. Krasnodebska-Ostrega. "TlI and TlIII presence in suspended particulate matter: speciation analysis of thallium in wastewater." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2015): 374–79. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14181.

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Thallium (Tl) is a toxic element, whose toxicity is affected by its redox state. Compared with TlIII, TlI is thermodynamically more stable and less reactive; therefore in aquatic environments, dissolved thallium is mostly present as TlI. However, TlIII could be 1000 times more toxic than TlI. A combination of a fractionation and a speciation study carried out in highly polluted wastewater samples from a mining area in southern Poland in order to characterise chemical speciation of Tl in physically defined fractions is presented here. Total, particulate and dissolved thallium was determined. A leaching experiment based on forming TlIII complexed with diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid – a TlIII–DTPA complex – was performed in filters containing suspended particulate matter after single (0.45 µm) and sequential filtration (15 + 0.45 µm) of wastewater samples. This is the first speciation study of Tl carried out in suspended particulate matter. The results obtained indicate that the dominant form of Tl in suspended particulate matter is TlI, but TlIII could be found in suspended particulate matter fractions larger than 0.45 µm.

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Schwartz, J. "Total suspended particulate matter and daily mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio." Environmental Health Perspectives 102, no. 2 (1994): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102186.

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Holländer, Werner. "Proposed performance criteria for samplers of total suspended particulate matter." Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 24, no. 1 (1990): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90453-t.

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Holländer, Werner. "Proposed performance criteria for samplers of total suspended particulate matter." Journal of Aerosol Science 20, no. 8 (1989): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90891-4.

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Yang, Siyuan, Bin Chen, and Brian Fath. "Trans-boundary total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) in urban ecosystems." Ecological Modelling 318 (December 2015): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.10.006.

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Lu, Mei Fang, Mei Chuan Huang, Kuang Hung Cheng, and Jim Jui Min Lin. "Size and Composition of Ambient Particulates in the Yueguangshan-Tunnel, Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2074.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particulates inside a tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the average concentration of PM2.5and PM2.5-10was 479 and 444 μg/m3respectively. The average mass-size distribution showed a trimodal distribution (25-30, 4.0-5.0, and 2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10were 25%, 40%, and 35% of the total suspended particulates. Because of the poor air ventilation inside the tunnel, the particulates accumulate inside the tunnel. The dominated species of PM2.5were EC (average concentration 122.91 μg/m3, 25.78%), OC (47.68 μg/m3, 10.53%), SO42-(37.42 μg/m3, 8.24%), and NO3-(35.01 μg/m3, 7.95%), and were EC ( 131.77 μg/m3, 29.87%), OC (53.74 μg/m3, 12.15%), SO42-(31.35 μg/m3, 7.11%), and NO3-(28.10 μg/m3, 6.42%) for PM2.5-10. Results from this study showed that the concentrations of coarse particulate matter and several metals are apparently dominated by re-suspended matter rather than emissions from vehicles, e.g., Al, Ca, and Fe. Therefore, ambient particulate matter is caused by not only vehicle exhaust emission but also dusty roads and traffic-generated dust.

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Mohammadpour, Gholamreza, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Pierre Larouche, and Martin A. Montes-Hugo. "Optical properties of size fractions of suspended particulate matter in littoral waters of Québec." Biogeosciences 14, no. 23 (2017): 5297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5297-2017.

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Abstract. Mass-specific absorption (ai∗(λ)) and scattering (bi∗(λ)) coefficients were derived for four size fractions (i = 0.2–0.4, 0.4–0.7, 0.7–10, and > 10 µm, λ = wavelength in nm) of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and with samples obtained from surface waters (i.e., 0–2 m depth) of the Saint Lawrence Estuary and Saguenay Fjord (SLE-SF) during June of 2013. For the visible–near-infrared spectral range (i.e., λ = 400–710 nm), mass-specific absorption coefficients of total SPM (i.e., particulates > 0.2 µm) (hereafter aSPM∗) had low values (e.g., < 0.01 m2 g−1 at λ = 440 nm) in areas of the lower estuary dominated by particle assemblages with relatively large mean grain size and high particulate organic carbon and chlorophyll a per unit of mass of SPM. Conversely, largest aSPM∗ values (i.e., > 0.05 m2 g−1 at λ = 440 nm) corresponded with locations of the upper estuary and SF where particulates were mineral-rich and/or their mean diameter was relatively small. The variability of two optical proxies (the spectral slope of particulate beam attenuation coefficient and the mass-specific particulate absorption coefficient, hereafter γ and Svis, respectively) with respect to changes in particle size distribution (PSD) and chemical composition was also examined. The slope of the PSD was correlated with bi∗(550) (Spearman rank correlation coefficient ρs up to 0.37) and ai∗(440) estimates (ρs up to 0.32) in a comparable way. Conversely, the contribution of particulate inorganic matter to total mass of SPM (FSPMPIM) had a stronger correlation with ai∗ coefficients at a wavelength of 440 nm (ρs up to 0.50). The magnitude of γ was positively related to FSPMi or the contribution of size fraction i to the total mass of SPM (ρs up to 0.53 for i = 0.2–0.4 µm). Also, the relation between γ and FSPMPIM variability was secondary (ρs = −0.34, P > 0.05). Lastly, the magnitude of Svis was inversely correlated with aSPM∗(440) (ρs = −0.55, P = 0.04) and FSPMPIM (ρs = −0.62, P = 0.018) in sampling locations with a larger marine influence (i.e., lower estuary).

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Shah, S. R., D. R. Griffith, V. Galy, A. P. McNichol, and T. I. Eglinton. "Prominent bacterial heterotrophy and sources of 13C-depleted fatty acids to the interior Canada Basin." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (2013): 6695–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6695-2013.

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Abstract. In recent decades, the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean has experienced rapidly decreasing summer sea ice coverage and freshening of surface waters. It is unclear how these changes translate to depth, particularly as our baseline understanding of organic carbon cycling in the deep basin is limited. In this study, we describe full-depth profiles of the abundance, distribution and carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from suspended particulate matter at a seasonally ice-free station and a semi-permanently ice-covered station. Fatty acids, along with suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), are more concentrated under ice cover than in ice-free waters. But this influence, apparent at 50 m depth, does not propagate downward below 150 m depth, likely due to the weak biological pump in the central Canada Basin. Branched fatty acids have δ13C values that are similar to suspended POC at all depths and are 13C-enriched compared to even-numbered saturated fatty acids at depths above 3000 m. These are likely to be produced in situ by heterotrophic bacteria incorporating organic carbon that is isotopically similar to total suspended POC. A source of saturated even-numbered fatty acids is also suggested below surface waters which could represent contributions from laterally advected organic carbon or from chemoautotrophic bacteria. At 3000 m depth and below, a greater relative abundance of long-chain (C20–24), branched and unsaturated fatty acids is consistent with a stronger influence of re-suspended sedimentary organic carbon on benthic particulate matter. At these deep depths, two individual fatty acids (C12 and iso-C17) are significantly depleted in 13C, allowing for the possibility that methane oxidizing bacteria contribute fatty acids, either directly to suspended particulate matter or to shallow sediments that are subsequently mobilized and incorporated into suspended particulate matter within the deep basin.

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Jawwad, Muhammad Abdus Salam, Achmad Rheiza Adibhaskara, and Restu Hikmah Ayu Murti. "Particulate matter dispersion patterns near Klotok landfill site." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1454, no. 1 (2025): 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1454/1/012026.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM) emissions around the Klotok Landfill Site in Kediri, Indonesia. Direct measurements of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 were conducted using air samplers at various locations surrounding the landfill. The collected data were then processed and visualized using Surfer software to generate spatial distribution maps. The measured concentrations did not exceed the ambient air quality standards set by Regulation No. 22 of 2021, the values were close to the regulatory limits. The concentration near the weighbridge area with high truck traffic and in the eastern region is likely influenced by prevailing winds. The generated maps provide valuable insights into the extent and patterns of PM dispersion, which can be utilized for future management and mitigation strategies to minimize the health risks associated with particulate matter exposure near the landfill.

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Fang, Guor-Cheng, Yuh-Shen Wu, Wen-Jhy Lee, Te-Yen Chou, and I.-Chen Lin. "Seasonal variation in concentration and metallic constituents of atmospheric particulates near the western coast of central Taiwan." Toxicology and Industrial Health 22, no. 5 (2006): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233706th262oa.

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In addition to determining the concentration and metallic constituents of particulate matter at Taichung Harbor in central Taiwan, this study attempts to characterize the mass, metallic elements, composition and concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP), fine particles and coarse particles. Statistical approaches, such as the Spearman tests, were also adopted to determine the seasonal variations of concentrations of these pollutants. Experimental results indicate that the mean TSP, fine particulate and coarse particulate concentrations in spring and winter are higher than in summer and autumn on the western coast of central Taiwan. Spearman statistical analysis of metallic elements Mn and Pb showed high concentration coefficients for fine and coarse particulates on the western coast of central Taiwan. The order of mean metallic concentrations in TSP, coarse particulates and fine particles was Fe-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr-Mn-Pb in TSP, Fe-Cu-Zn-Mg-Mn-Pb-Cr in coarse particulates and Fe-Cu-Mg-Pb-Zn-Mn-Cr in fine particulates.

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Sharavara, L. P., N. M. Dmytrukha, and I. M. Andrusyshyna. "Ultrafine industrial aerosol as an occupational risk factor for sintering industry workers." Modern medical technology 16, no. 4 (2024): 303–9. https://doi.org/10.14739/mmt.2024.4.311754.

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Aim. Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of suspended particulate matter of the ultrafine range present in the air of the working area of the sintering factory of a metallurgical plant. Materials and methods. The assessment and analysis of the physicochemical parameters of ultrafine particles were carried out in different areas of the sintering factory of the metallurgical plant. The parameters were measured using a portable scanning spectrometer Nanoscan 3910 (USA). The chemical composition of the suspended particulate matter was determined by the method of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (OES-IZP) using the device “Ortima 2100 DV” (PerkinElmer, USA). Results. It was estimated that the concentration of suspended particulate matter of ultrafine size in the main part of the sintering machine ranged from 3.02 × 104 to 3.12 × 104 per cm3, in the tail part of the sintering machine – from 5.09 × 104 to 7.59 × 104 per cm3, in the sintering machine control room No. 1 – from 2.06 × 104 to 2.38 × 104 per cm3, in the workers of the control group – from 1.43 × 104 to 1.73 × 104 per cm3. The quantitative concentration of suspended particulate matter by individual sizes at all workplaces of the sinter plant workers compared to workers of the control group had a significant difference. Values of the total surface area and surface volume of suspended particulate matter of the nano-sized range had their maximum in the tail part and near the head of the sintering machine, the lowest values were recorded around the control room and among the employees of the plant management department. The highest mass concentration of ultrafine particles was recorded in the tail part of the sintering machine (22.55 μg/m3 to 508.35 μg/m3), which is associated with a significant amount of suspended particulate matter of a larger size (≥115.5 nm). The chemical composition of the particles of the ultrafine range included aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, silicon, and phosphorus, which is explained by the specifics of the technological process, and the exceeding of the hygienic standard was observed for calcium, silicon and phosphorus. Conclusions. It was established that during the sintering of the agglomerate in the agglomeration compartment, many suspended particles of the ultrafine range are formed. They included aluminum, iron, manganese, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and calcium. Significantly higher values of the number, mass concentration, surface area and surface volume of suspended particulate matter were determined at the workplaces of sintering factory workers, which had a statistically significant difference compared to the workers of the control group.

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Shu-Lung, Kuo. "Characteristics of air pollution particulate matters in a Slag Dumping Plant in Taiwan." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 94, Jan 2017 (2017): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5604443.

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Department of Technology Management, The Open University of Kaohsiung, No. 436, Dar-Ye North Road, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan E-mail : singsuey@ms28.hinet.net Fax : 886-7-8150816 Manuscript received online 29 August 2016, accepted 18 September 2016 This paper reports the study of an air quality analysis conducted at an indoor slag dumping plant of a steel factory during hot slag treatment. An air quality analysis of the indoor dumping plant will be carried out prior to improving the operation environment. Samplers used for particulate matters are applied to collect suspended particulates and different analyses are implemented. The item analysis includes total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, dust amount, and diameter and element of suspended particulates. Sampling results and analysis indicate high concentration level of TSP, PM10, and dustfall during the slag treatment. Due to gravity, dust with larger diameter or heavier weight falls down easier, and therefore sampling site S2 at the center of the slag dumping plant has the most dense slag treatment activities and highest dust concentration. Distribution of suspended particulates indicates most particulate pollutants inside the plant are found to be coarse particles (>10 µm). SEM is used to identify the composition of 17 elements showing diversity of pollutants during hot slag treatment.

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Mi, Tie, and Xin Ming Yu. "Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) in Zhuankou Area of Wuhan." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2668.

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Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone (WEDZ) is situated to Zhuankou area, Wuhan. WEDZ is a national level development zone approved by the State Council of P.R.C. in April 1993. With nearly 20 years development history, WEDZ has grown into an important engine in economic development of Wuhan City. Meanwhile, atmospheric environment quality has become more and more worse, and paid on more and more attention. Great importance is attached to the identification of the sources of ambient particulates. The purpose of this study was to identify and estimate the contribution of major sources to atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter in Zhuankou area, Wuhan. In the study, the technique of factor analysis (FA) was employed to identify and quantify the major sources of atmospheric pollutant in Zhuankou area, Wuhan. The results indicate that the major sources of atmospheric pollutant in Zhuankou area are mainly construction and soil fugitive dust, coal-firing and motor vehicle.

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Agagliate, Jacopo, Rüdiger Röttgers, Kerstin Heymann, and David McKee. "Estimation of Suspended Matter, Organic Carbon, and Chlorophyll-a Concentrations from Particle Size and Refractive Index Distributions." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122676.

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Models of particle density and of organic carbon and chlorophyll-a intraparticle concentration were applied to particle size distributions and particle real refractive index distributions determined from flow cytometry measurements of natural seawater samples from a range of UK coastal waters. The models allowed for the estimation of suspended particulate matter, organic suspended matter, inorganic suspended matter, particulate organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a concentrations. These were then compared with independent measurements of each of these parameters. Particle density models were initially applied to a simple spherical model of particle volume, but generally overestimated independently measured values, sometimes by over two orders of magnitude. However, when the same density models were applied to a fractal model of particle volume, successful agreement was reached for suspended particulate matter and both inorganic and organic suspended matter values (RMS%E: 57.4%, 148.5%, and 83.1% respectively). Non-linear organic carbon and chlorophyll-a volume scaling models were also applied to a spherical model of particle volume, and after an optimization procedure achieved successful agreement with independent measurements of particulate organic carbon and chlorophyll-a concentrations (RMS%E: 45.6% and 51.8% respectively). Refractive index-based models of carbon and chlorophyll-a intraparticle concentration were similarly tested, and were also found to require a fractal model of particle volume to achieve successful agreement with independent measurements, producing RMS%E values of 50.2% and 45.2% respectively after an optimization procedure. It is further shown that the non-linear exponents of the volume scaling models are mathematically equivalent to the fractal dimensionality coefficients that link cell volume to mass concentration, reflecting the impact of non-uniform distribution of intracellular carbon within cells. Fractal models of particle volume are thus found to be essential to successful closure between results provided by models of particle mass, intraparticle carbon and chlorophyll content, and bulk measurements of suspended mass and total particulate carbon and chlorophyll when natural mixed particle populations are concerned. The results also further confirm the value of determining both size and refractive index distributions of natural particle populations using flow cytometry.

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Abdel-Salam, Mahmoud M. M. "Indoor Particulate Matter in Different Residential Areas of Alexandria City, Egypt." Indoor and Built Environment 21, no. 6 (2011): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x11422262.

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Particulate matter is one of the most important indoor air pollutants that could cause a number of adverse health effects. Quantification of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in homes in the city of Alexandria was carried out. In the present study, 15 of the 21 homes showed a higher average indoor TSP concentration than the outdoor sample, and the median indoor/outdoor ratio was 1.08. Moreover, the outdoor and the mean indoor TSP concentrations were found to correlate significantly. Concentrations of indoor particulate matter were found to be influenced by indoor sources and human activities as well as outdoor particles.

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Karue, J., A. M. Kinyua, and A. H. S. El-Busaidy. "Measured components in total suspended particulate matter in a Kenyan urban area." Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere 26, no. 4 (1992): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90057-y.

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Weyhenmeyer, GA, M. Meili, and DC Pierson. "A simple method to quantify sources of settling particles in lakes: Resuspension versus new sedimentation of material from planktonic production." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950223.

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A strong relationship (r > 0.99) between settling particulate inorganic matter (SPIM) and total settling particulate matter (SPM) was observed in 315 samples from sedimentation traps in two Swedish lakes, Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren. This relationship can be used to distinguish between different sources of SPM in pelagic systems when the inflow of allochthonous particulate matter is negligible. It is possible to quantify the proportion of material from planktonic production as well as from sediment resuspension in the flux of settling or suspended particulate matter. Furthermore, fluxes of resuspended organic particles can be quantified and distinguished from fluxes of planktonic organic particles. Although Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren are quite different with respect to trophic level, lake surface area and water depth, the estimated proportion of resuspended particles in sedimentation traps was similar in both lakes. Resuspended particulate matter ranged from 35% of the total settling particulate matter up to 99%, with annual means of 83-94%. Moreover, for both lakes it was estimated that, even in epilimnetic traps, only 2046% (annual means) of the total organic settling particulate matter was from planktonic production, whereas 54-80% (annual means) was from sediment resuspension. This is likely to have important consequences for fluxes of nutrients and contaminants.

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Shah, S. R., D. R. Griffith, V. Galy, A. P. McNichol, and T. I. Eglinton. "Prominent bacterial heterotrophy and sources of 13C-depleted fatty acids to the interior Canada Basin." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7065-2013.

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Abstract. In recent decades, the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean has experienced rapidly decreasing summer sea ice coverage and freshening of surface waters. It is unclear how these changes translate to deeper waters, particularly as our baseline understanding of organic carbon cycling in the deep basin is quite limited. In this study, we describe full-depth profiles of the abundance, distribution and carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from suspended particulate matter at a seasonally ice-free station and a semi-permanently ice-covered station. Fatty acids, along with suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), are more concentrated and 13C-enriched under ice cover than in ice-free waters. But this influence, apparent at 50 m depth, does not propagate downward below 150 m depth, likely due to the weak biological pump in the central Canada Basin. Branched fatty acids have δ13C values that are similar to suspended POC at all depths and are more 13C-enriched than even-numbered saturated fatty acids at depths above 3000 m. These are likely to be produced in situ by heterotrophic bacteria incorporating organic carbon that is isotopically similar to total suspended POC. Below surface waters, there is also the suggestion of a source of saturated even-numbered fatty acids which could represent contributions from laterally advected organic carbon and/or from chemoautotrophic bacteria. At 3000 m depth and below, a greater relative abundance of long-chain (C20–24), branched and unsaturated fatty acids is consistent with a stronger influence of re-suspended sedimentary organic carbon. At these deep depths, two individual fatty acids (C12 and iso-C17) are significantly depleted in 13C, allowing for the possibility that methane oxidizing bacteria contribute fatty acids, either directly to suspended particulate matter or to shallow sediments that are subsequently mobilized and incorporated into suspended particulate matter within the deep basin.

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Thai, Tinh, Ales Bernatik, and Petr Kučera. "Air Pollution Associated with Total Suspended Particulate and Particulate Matter in Cement Grinding Plant in Vietnam." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121707.

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Air pollution associated with suspended particles has become a significant concern in Vietnam recently. The study aimed to (1) investigate dust sources; (2) measure concentration levels of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), Particulate Matter (PM) fractions; (3) identify silica levels and the correlation with respirable particles at a cement grinding plant in Vietnam. A total of 312 samples (52 TSP, 160 PMs) at 13 processes were measured using the direct-reading dust meter. The silica composition was analyzed in a certified laboratory using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. SPSS version 26 for Window was used to analyze the data. The operations of the cement grinding plant created multiple dust sources from the jetty to the cement dispatch process. The TSP levels ranged 0.06–38.24 mg m−3, and 40.38% (n = 21) TSP samples exceeded the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for an 8-h working shift. Besides that, there was a wide range and significant concentration levels of PMs in the cement processes. The levels of PMs were PM1 (0.00–0.06 mg m−3), PM2.5 (0.01–0.83 mg m−3), PM4 (0.02–4.59 mg m−3), PM7 (0.03–16.94 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.04–26.85 mg m−3). The highest mean levels of PMs factions were measured at the pre-grinding process. The inefficient operation of the dust collector contributed a significant factor to the dust dispersion in this process. The silica’s mean (SD) composition in respirable dust was 20.4% (0.86) and was not significantly different amongst the processes. There was a significant correlation between the levels of respirable dust and silica exposure in the cement grinding plant (r = 0.99). The improvement of indoor air quality is needed to prevent health effects on cement workers.

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Megens, Luc, Johannes Van Der Plicht, and Jan W. De Leeuw. "Molecular, Radioactive and Stable Carbon Isotope Characterization of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter." Radiocarbon 40, no. 2 (1997): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018956.

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Organic matter in sediments and suspended matter is a complex mixture of constituents with different histories, sources and stabilities. To study these components in a suspended matter sample from the Ems-Dollard Estuary, we used combined molecular analysis with pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and stable and radioactive carbon isotope analyses of the bulk and separated chemical fractions. Carbohydrates and proteins, ca. 50% of the total organic carbon (TOC), are much younger than the bulk sample and have a somewhat higher δ13C value. Lipids and the final residue are considerably older and have lower δ13C values. The final residue, ca. 17% of the total carbon, consists mainly of aliphatic macromolecules that could be derived from algae or terrestrial plants. The δ13C value points to a marine origin.

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Wang, Jiaqi, Shizhen Zhao, Haoyu Jiang, et al. "Oxidative potential of solvent-extractable organic matter of ambient total suspended particulate in Bangkok, Thailand." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 24, no. 3 (2022): 400–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00414j.

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This study creatively combined the molecular markers with the source apportionment model, to identify and quantify sources contributing to the oxidative potential of particulate matter in Bangkok, skipping over the inherent mechanism.

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Hai Doan, Nguyen, Kiwao Kadokami, Vu Le Minh, and Hanh Thi Duong. "A preliminary investigation of occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in total suspended particulate matter in Ha Noi, Viet Nam." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 62, no. 3 (2024): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16481.

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Air pollution has become a serious environmental issue in Viet Nam, particularly in large cities. There is little information regarding the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in suspended particulate matter in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. The present study screened 163 PPCPs from 12 total suspended particulate matter (TSP) samples collected in Ha Noi using a novel analytical method, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight-Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra method (LC-QTOF-MS-SWATH). We identified and quantified 6 of the 163 PPCPs. All of the 6 PPCPs were detected for the first time in TSP. The total concentration ranged from 37.3 to 401.0 pg m-3 (median: 143 pg m-3). The number of PPCPs detected per sample ranged from 1 to 5 (median: 3), and their figure found was higher in the nighttime than that of the daytime.

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Wu, Yuh-Shen, Guor-Cheng Fang, Jum-Bo Lin, Jhih-Guang Lin, Shih-Han Huang, and Jui-Yeh Rau. "Atmospheric pollutants study of particles and metallic elements during high wind speed (wind speed >6 m/s) near Taiwan Strait around central Taiwan." Toxicology and Industrial Health 22, no. 1 (2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233706th239oa.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize metallic elements associated with atmospheric particulate matter in total suspended particulate (TSP), fine particles (particle matter with an aerodynamic diameter of B / 2.5 mm, PM2.5) and coarse particles (particle matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5-10 mm, PM2.5- 10), at high wind speed (wind speed-6 m/s) at Taichung Harbor (TH) and Wuci traffic (WT) in central Taiwan from March to December 2004. The correlation coefficient (R2) between TSP, coarse, fine particulate concentrations versus wind speed at the TH and WT sampling site during high wind speed (-6 m/s) are shown in this study. In addition, the correlation coefficients between TSP, coarse and fine particles of metallic species versus high wind speed were also observed. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient order was TSP-coarse-fine for particles at both sampling sites during high wind speed (-6 m/s) near central Taiwan. In addition, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mg for TSP, coarse and fine particulates were also analysed in this study.

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Gourdin, E., S. Huon, O. Evrard, et al. "Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos." Biogeosciences 12, no. 4 (2015): 1073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1073-2015.

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Abstract. The yields of the tropical rivers of Southeast Asia supply large quantities of carbon to the ocean. The origin and dynamics of particulate organic matter were studied in the Houay Xon River catchment located in northern Laos during the first erosive flood of the rainy season in May 2012. This cultivated catchment is equipped with three successive gauging stations draining areas ranging between 0.2 and 11.6 km2 on the main stem of the permanent stream, and two additional stations draining 0.6 ha hillslopes. In addition, the sequential monitoring of rainwater, overland flow and suspended organic matter compositions was conducted at the 1 m2 plot scale during a storm. The composition of particulate organic matter (total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations, δ13C and δ15N) was determined for suspended sediment, soil surface (top 2 cm) and soil subsurface (gullies and riverbanks) samples collected in the catchment (n = 57, 65 and 11, respectively). Hydrograph separation of event water was achieved using water electric conductivity and δ18O measurements for rainfall, overland flow and river water base flow (n = 9, 30 and 57, respectively). The composition of particulate organic matter indicates that upstream suspended sediments mainly originated from cultivated soils labelled by their C3 vegetation cover (upland rice, fallow vegetation and teak plantations). In contrast, channel banks characterized by C4 vegetation (Napier grass) supplied significant quantities of sediment to the river during the flood rising stage at the upstream station as well as in downstream river sections. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7%), sediment specific yield (433 kg ha−1), total organic carbon specific yield (8.3 kg C ha−1) and overland flow contribution (78–100%) were found downstream of reforested areas planted with teaks. Swamps located along the main stream acted as sediment filters and controlled the composition of suspended organic matter. Total organic carbon specific yields were particularly high because they occurred during the first erosive storm of the rainy season, just after the period of slash-and-burn operations in the catchment.

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Feng, Yinchang, Yonghua Xue, Xiaohua Chen, et al. "Source Apportionment of Ambient Total Suspended Particulates and Coarse Particulate Matter in Urban Areas of Jiaozuo, China." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 57, no. 5 (2007): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.5.561.

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Oey, J., RW Lau, and HJ Roethig. "Determination of Environmental Tobacco Smoke from a Second-Generation Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System and Conventional Cigarettes." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 23, no. 1 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0843.

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AbstractThis substudy of a randomized, controlled, forced switching, open-label, parallel-group clinical study in a total of 100 healthy adult male and female smokers compared environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) produced from smoking a second generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS), two conventional cigarettes, and no-smoking. Concentrations of air constituents including respirable suspended particulate matter (RSP), carbon monoxide (CO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and ETS markers including solanesol-related particulate matter (Sol-PM), ultraviolet absorbing particulate matter (UVPM), fluorescing particulate matter (FPM), nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) were measured in a ventilated, furnished conference room over a period of 2 hours on separate occasions. Except for TVOCs, concentrations of air constituents and ETS markers were reduced by 40% to more than 90% when adult smokers were smoking the EHCSS as compared to smoking conventional cigarettes. CO and most ETS marker concentrations were in the same range as no-smoking.

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Subramaniam, Neelamani, Mane Al-Sudairawi, Ali Al-Dousari, and Noor Al-Dousari. "Probability distribution and extreme value analysis of total suspended particulate matter in Kuwait." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, no. 12 (2015): 11329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2008-z.

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Lin, Chi-Wen, Ju-Fang Yeh, and Tsang-Chih Kao. "Source characterization of total suspended particulate matter near a riverbed in Central Taiwan." Journal of Hazardous Materials 157, no. 2-3 (2008): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.015.

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Kanbour, Fouad I., Abdul Messih N. Kitto, Shetha Yassein, Faiza A. Al-Taie, and Asma Ali. "Elemental analysis of total suspended particulate matter in the ambient air of Baghdad." Environment International 11, no. 5 (1985): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(85)90229-6.

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Kang, Shichang, Chaoliu Li, Feiyue Wang, Qianggong Zhang, and Zhiyuan Cong. "Total suspended particulate matter and toxic elements indoors during cooking with yak dung." Atmospheric Environment 43, no. 27 (2009): 4243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.015.

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Gonçalves, Cátia, Bernardino R. Figueiredo, Célia A. Alves, et al. "Chemical characterisation of total suspended particulate matter from a remote area in Amazonia." Atmospheric Research 182 (December 2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.07.027.

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Jia, Lin, Xiaoyi Zhou, and Qingjie Wang. "Effects of Agricultural Machinery Operations on PM2.5, PM10 and TSP in Farmland under Different Tillage Patterns." Agriculture 13, no. 5 (2023): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13050930.

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Agricultural machinery can improve agricultural productivity and promote agricultural scale operation. However, machinery operations lead to increased dust in farmland and affect the atmospheric environment; thus, they have been increasingly emphasized. In this study, the effects of agricultural machinery operations in wheat cultivation were investigated regarding the emissions of three kinds of particulate matters, namely fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TSP), from farmland in Beijing. The results showed that the total dust emission from the traditional tillage mode, including straw crushing, rotary tilling and sowing, was 3.990 g per hectare, which was larger than that of the conservation tillage mode including only no-tillage sowing (0.407 g per hectare). The total dust emission for one hectare of farmland under the two modes was 3.415 g, 0.497 g, 0.407 g and 0.078 g for straw shredding, rotary tillage, no-tillage sowing and conventional sowing, respectively. The values of PM2.5/PM10 and PM2.5/TSP decreased in each tillage section after each agricultural machinery operation, while the values of PM10/TSP were basically unchanged, indicating that particulate matter emissions from farmland due to agricultural machinery operations are mainly PM10 and TSP. The dust concentration generated by agricultural machinery increased with an increase in the speed of the machinery operation, provided that the quality of the operation was guaranteed. This study provides guidance for reducing dust emissions from mechanized operations, improving air quality and decreasing health hazards to operators of agricultural machinery.

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Schettini, Carlos Augusto França, and Luiz Bruner de Miranda. "Circulation and suspended particulate matter transport in a tidally dominated estuary: caravelas estuary, Bahia, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, no. 1 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000100001.

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The circulation and transport of suspended particulate matter in the Caravelas Estuary are assessed. Nearly-synoptic hourly hydrographic, current (ADCP velocity and volume transport) and suspended particulate matter data were collected during a full semidiurnal spring tide, on the two transects Boca do Tomba and Barra Velha and on longitudinal sections at low and high tide. On the first transect the peak ebb currents (-1.5 ms-1) were almost twice as strong as those of the wider and shallow Barra Velha inlet (-0.80 ms-1) and the peak flood currents were 0.75 and 0.60 ms-1, respectively. Due to the strong tidal currents both inlets had weak vertical salinity stratification and were classified with the Stratification-circulation Diagram as Type 2a (partially mixed-weakly stratified) and Type 1a (well mixed). Volume transports were very close, ranging from -3,500 to 3,100 m³s-1 at the ebb and flood, respectively, with a residual -630 m³s-1. The concentration of the suspended particulate matter was closely related to the tidal variation and decreased landwards from 50 mg.L-1 at the estuary mouth, to 10 mg.L-1 at distances of 9 and 16 km for the low and high tide experiments, respectively. The total residual SPM transport was out of the estuary at rates of -18 tons per tidal cycle.

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Jung, Hojin. "The Impact of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter on Consumer Expenditures." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051855.

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Airborne particulate matter suspended from industrial facilities, power plants, and automobiles is detrimental to health. Growing concerns about the increasing level of airborne particulate matter have led many industrialized nations to advocate for the transformation of the energy market and investment in sustainable energy products. At the other end, consumers have made individual adjustments and attempted to reduce the exposure to the particulate matter. In this paper, we focus on the effect of ambient air pollution on consumer expenditures based on scanner panel data on consumers’ debit and credit card transactions. A series of empirical analyses found robust evidence that the increased level of particulate matter led to considerable disruption in total consumer expenditures with significant heterogeneity across categories. Our findings suggest that consumers alter their spending behaviors in an attempt to reduce the risk of exposures to particulate matter. Such an estimated effect of air pollution is qualitatively different from those of other macroeconomic factors and provides important guidance for policy interventions and practical decisions aimed at sustaining economic growth.

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Chy, Sopannha, Srean Aun, Leakhena Hang, et al. "Determination of Particulate Matters and Total Suspended Particles emitted from Incense Burning." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1199, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1199/1/012019.

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Abstract Incense burning is an important ceremonial ritual in Buddhism. It is well recognized that incense smoke has negative health effects, which may be caused by the emission of submicron particles, including ultrafine and nanoparticles. Hence, in this study, the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and total suspended particles (TSP) emitted from incense burning were determined from 4 incense stick brands. The experiment was conducted in a room with a volume of approximately 146m3 using two instruments: an HV sampler and a Nano Sampler. The highest TSPs concentration from long sticks and short sticks were S1 (319.03 μg/m3) and N2 (439.75 μg/m3), respectively. High mass concentration was found in the ultrafine particle range for S2 (112.27 μg/m3) and N2 (117.30 μg/m3). In contrast, S1 and N1 exhibited high concentrations in the coarse particle mode at 79.28 μg/m3 and 86.75 μg/m3, respectively. Out of the 4 incense brands, N2 appeared to have the highest concentration in almost every particle range compared to the other 3 brands. Incense should be burned in a well-ventilated setting and try not to stay in the same place as the altar to reduce the risk of incense smoke exposure.

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Kolm, Hedda Elisabeth. "INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN WASHOUTS ON THE COAST OF PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL." Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/bjast.v20n2.7843.

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Reduction in precipitation, and consequently fresh water, can affect the food loop and the time necessary for an increase in nutrients and contaminants in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. The combined effect of human development and reduction in river flow can degrade water quality, negatively affecting the fishery and human health. The objective of the present research was the study of the water quality (temperature, salinity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, humic substances, suspended particulate material, particulate organic matter, chlorophyll-a, total coliforms and Escherichia coli), of two washouts (Barranco and Olho d’Água) located in the municipality of Pontal do Paraná (Pontal do Paraná, Brazil), comparing them in periods of lower and higher rainfall. The results showed that during the rainy period, there was an increase in nitrite, suspended particulate material, particulate organic matter, and a decrease in nitrate and chlorophyll-a in the two washouts. An increase in phosphate, ammonium and humic substances were only observed in Barranco; whereas an increase in dissolved oxygen and E. coli were only observed in Olho d’Água. These results showed that larger quantities of nutrients are exported to the adjacent continental shelf in high rainfall periods.

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Onat, Burcu, and Ülkü Alver Şahin. "An assessment of particulate mercury and arsenic concentrations in size-fractioned total suspended particulate matter in urban areas." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 7, no. 2 (2013): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-013-0223-x.

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Shinya, M., K. Funasaka, K. Katahira, M. Ishikawa, and S. Matsui. "Lead isotope ratios in urban road runoff." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (2006): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.052.

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Lead isotopic analyses of road runoff and airborne particulate matter have been carried out to elucidate sources of lead pollution at urban and suburban sites. While lead is often observed in road runoff in suspended form, suspended particle size had no relation to the lead isotopic distribution, as a result of comparison between runoff samples with total suspended solids and those with minute particles passed through a 75 μm sieve. Lead isotope ratios in airborne particulate matter in urban areas fell within a wider range than those in road runoff. Since there was little difference of the ratios between a heavy traffic-flow site and residential sites, airborne lead derived from vehicle exhaust was found to make little contribution to the contamination of road runoff. On the other hand, the ratios in road runoff at a suburban site showed the same range as those at an urban site. Lead in road runoff was therefore suggested to be produced on site by traffic related substances, such as tire wear, other than vehicle exhaust.

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Al-Zubaidi, Hussein A. M., and Ahmed Samir Naje. "Air Pollution Levels by Re-suspended and Airborne Dust Due to Traffic Movement at the Main High Traffic Crossroads of Hilla City, Iraq." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 9 (2018): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v26i9.1756.

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This research includes a monitoring and an evaluation of the air pollution levels generated by the re-suspended and airborne dust due to traffic movement at the main busy crossroads of Hilla City, Nader Crossroad and Al-Thowra Crossroad, Iraq. The re-suspended dust is one of the most important contributors towards overall atmospheric pollution, especially when the roads are unpaved or under maintenance with high traffic load such as Nader Crossroad, which was under maintenance to construct a bridge on it. The concentrations of the total suspended particulate matters were determined at the two locations using portable air sampler during traffic rush hour on sunny moderated weekdays for four months, December 2011, February 2012, April 2012, and May 2012. The results have confirmed the contribution of the unpaved roads in air pollution. The results showed that the average TSP levels at Nader Crossroad was higher than the average TSP levels at Al-Thowra Crossroad during the total period of the study in which the minimum TSP level at Nader Crossroad was 5676.67 μg/m3, which was higher than the maximum TSP level at Al-Thowra Crossroad, 4096.41 μg/m3. In addition, the re-suspended dust concentrations that were measured in this study and ranged from 426.06 to 9348.95 μg/m3 are much higher than the American Environmental Protection Agency acceptable limits of national ambient air quality standards for the particulate matter.

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SELLA, S., A. NEVES, J. MOREIRA, and E. SILVAFILHO. "Biogenic vanadium in total suspended particulate matter from Cabo Frio upwelling region, Southeast, Brazil." Atmospheric Environment 40, no. 32 (2006): 6181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.058.

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Galachyants, Agnia, Irina Tomberg, Elena Sukhanova, et al. "Bacterioneuston in Lake Baikal: Abundance, Spatial and Temporal Distribution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112587.

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An aquatic surface microlayer covers more than 70% of the world’s surface. Our knowledge about the biology of the surface microlayer of Lake Baikal, the most ancient lake on Earth with a surface area of 31,500 km2, is still scarce. The total bacterial abundance, the number of cultured heterotrophic temporal bacteria, and the spatial distribution of bacteria in the surface microlayer and underlying waters of Lake Baikal were studied. For the first time, the chemical composition of the surface microlayer of Lake Baikal was determined. There were significant differences and a direct relationship between the total bacterial abundance in the surface microlayer and underlying waters of Lake Baikal, as well as between the number of cultured heterotrophic bacteria in studied water layers in the period of summer stratification. In the surface microlayer, the share of cultured heterotrophic bacteria was higher than in the underlying waters. The surface microlayer was characterized by enrichment with PO43−, total organic carbon and suspended particulate matter compared to underlying waters. A direct relationship was found between the number of bacteria in the surface microlayer and environmental factors, including temperature, total organic carbon and suspended particulate matter concentration.

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Gourdin, E., S. Huon, O. Evrard, et al. "Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 6 (2014): 9341–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-9341-2014.

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Abstract. Tropical rivers of Southeast Asia are characterized by high specific carbon yields and supplies to the ocean. The origin and dynamics of particulate organic matter were studied in the Houay Xon River catchment located in northern Laos during the first erosive flood of the rainy season in May 2012. The partly cultivated catchment is equipped with three successive gauging stations draining areas ranging between 0.2 and 11.6 km2 on the main stem of the permanent stream, and two additional stations draining 0.6 ha hillslopes. In addition, the sequential monitoring of rainwater, overland flow and suspended organic matter compositions was realized at 1 m2 plot scale during a single storm. The composition of particulate organic matter (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, δ13C and δ15N) was determined for suspended sediment, soil surface and subsurface samples collected in the catchment (n = 57, 65 and 11 respectively). Hydrograph separation of event water was conducted using water electric conductivity and δ18O data measured for rainfall, overland flow and river water base flow (n = 9, 30 and 57, respectively). The composition of particulate organic matter indicates that upstream suspended sediments were mainly derived from cultivated soils labelled by their C3 vegetation cover (upland rice, fallow vegetation and teak plantations) but that collapsed riverbanks, characterized by C4 vegetation occurrence (Napier grass), significantly contributed to sediment yields during water level rise and at the downstream station. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7%), sediment specific yield (433 kg ha−1), total organic carbon specific yield (8.3 kg C ha−1) and overland flow contribution (78–100%) were found for the reforested areas covered by teak plantations. Total organic carbon specific yields were up to 2.6-fold higher (at downstream station) than the annual ones calculated 10 years earlier, before the expansion of teak plantations in the catchment. They may be attributed both to the sampling period at the onset of the rainy season (following field clearing by slash and burn) and to the impact of land use change during the past decade.

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Kumar, Raj, Jitendra K. Nagar, Harsh Kumar, et al. "Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Function of Children in Ashok Vihar, Delhi: An Exposure-Response Study." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 20, no. 1 (2008): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539507308248.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of indoor air pollution on respiratory function of children (aged 7-15 years). The study took place at Ashok Vihar, an urban locality in the northwest part of Delhi during the summer months of June and July 2004. The team did house visits. The questionnaire, administered at the house itself, asked about the history of smoking in the family, type of cooking fuel used, duration of cooking, ventilation and lighting at the cooking place, and other confounders. In total, 441 children (59% male, 41% female) between ages 7 and 15 years were considered for the study, and a detailed profile was collected. Clinical examination with special reference to respiratory system was done. Pulmonary function tests/peak expiratory flow rates of each child were measured. Indoor air pollutant (suspended particulate matter, SO2, NO2) was measured, and the effect of these pollutants on the children's respiratory function was analyzed. The respiratory health profile suggests that children had cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, wheezing, common cold, and throat congestion. Indoor SO2 , NO2, and suspended particulate matter levels were high in houses where there was a family history of smoking. SO2 level was significantly high according to occupancy per room. NO2 and suspended particulate matter levels were significantly high in houses where children had respiratory problems. It is concluded that indoor air pollution had an association with respiratory function of children.

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Ronquillo-Lomeli, Guillermo, Gilberto Herrera-Ruiz, José Ríos-Moreno, Irving Ramirez-Maya, and Mario Trejo-Perea. "Total Suspended Particle Emissions Modelling in an Industrial Boiler." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113097.

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Particulate matter emission into the atmosphere is a massive-scale problem. Fossil fuel combustion is an important source of this kind of pollution. The knowledge of total suspended particle (TSP) emissions is the first step for TSP control. The formation of TSP emissions is poorly understood; therefore new approaches for TSP emissions source modelling are required. TSP modelling is a multi-variable non-linear problem that would only require basic information on boiler operation. This work reports the development of a non-linear model for TSP emissions estimation from an industrial boiler based on a one-layer neural network. Expansion polynomial basic functions combined with an orthogonal least-square and model structure selection approach were used for modelling. The model required five independent boiler variables for TSP emissions estimation. Data from the data acquisition system of a 350 MW industrial boiler were used for model development and validation. The results show that polynomial expansion basic functions are an excellent approach to solve modelling problems related to complex non-linear systems in the industry.

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Lacerda, Luiz D., Wanderley R. Bastos, and Marcelo D. Almeida. "The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 1 (2012): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012000100007.

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Changes in hydrochemistry and Hg distribution in the Madeira River from Porto Velho to the confluence with the Amazon River were studied in two cruises in 1997 and 2002. Water conductivity was similar in both periods, but the pH was significantly higher in 2002, in particular along the middle reaches of the river. Total suspended matter concentrations also increased from 1997 to 2002 along the same river portion, which is a result of forest conversion to other land uses, in particular pastures and agriculture accelerated during the interval between the cruises. Dissolved Hg concentrations were similar along the river in both cruises, but particulate Hg concentrations increased significantly along the middle portion of the river, although the suspended matter from 2002 was relatively poorer in Hg compared to that from 1997. Since particulate Hg represents more than 90% of the total Hg present in the river water, there was a significant increase in the total Hg transport in the Madeira River. Although gold mining has nearly ceased to exist in the region, the remobilization of Hg from forest soils through conversion to other land uses is responsible for maintaining relatively high Hg content in the Madeira River environment.

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