Relevant bibliographies by topics / Totala institutioner

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Totala institutioner'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Friis Thing, Ida, and Viola Marie Skovgaard. "Tilpasningsstrategier på Sexologisk Klinik – En undersøgelse af transkønnede klienters forhandling af identitet." Dansk Sociologi 28, no. 3 (October 15, 2017): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v28i3.5642.

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Denne artikel præsenterer resultaterne fra 9 kvalitative interviews med transpersoner, der enten er eller har været i behandling på den offentlige institution Sexologisk Klinik på Rigshospitalet i København. I Danmark har de to offentlige institutioner Sexologisk Klinik og Sexologisk Center Aalborg monopol på behandling af transpersoner. Klienter der ønsker hormonel eller kropsmodificerende behandling må således gennemgå et udredningsforløb på en af disse institutioner. Artiklen viser, hvordan identiteten transseksuel kan siges at udgøre en institutionel identitet på Sexologisk Klinik, som klienterne aktivt udfordrer, følger eller indretter sig strategisk efter. I artiklen analyserer vi, ved hjælp af Goffmans teoriapparat fra hans analyse om den totale institution, hvordan klienterne gør brug af tilpasningsstrategier i et forsøg på at håndtere de institutionelle identiteter, de tilbydes. Vi viser, at klienterne i udpræget grad anvender, hvad Goffman betegner som en koloniserende tilpasningsstrategi på klinikken og således bestræber sig på at få mest ud af institutionens muligheder ved at omstrukturere deres livshistorier, så de passer til institutionens kriterier for godkendelse til behandling. I analysen benyttes en kombination af symbolsk interaktionisme og socialkonstruktivisme til at undersøge den relationelle karakter af reproduktionen af den institutionelle identitet transseksuel. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Ida Friis Thing and Viola Marie Skovgaard: Strategies ofadaptation at a sexology clinic: a study of transgenderclients’ negotiation of identity This article presents the results from nine qualitative interviews with transgender clients concerning their experiences with a public healthcare sexology clinic. At this institution transgender clients apply for approval to receive hormonal treatment and body modifying surgery. The article analyses the social process of clientisation in encounters between clients and mental health professionals, which involve the construction of the institutional identity transsexual, that is, some conditions for how the clients might perceive and present themselves. We employ Goffman’s theoretical concepts from his analysis of the total institution to describe how clients adapt to this process of clientisation by making use of a variety of strategies. Some clients are continuingly resisting the institution and the mental health professionals, while other clients adapt fully to the institutional ideology of therapy. However most clients take advantage of possibilities within the institution by creating narratives that correspond with the institutional criteria for the diagnosis transsexual. We employ a combination of the symbolic interactionist and the social constructivist approaches to emphasize the relational character of the reproduction of the institutional identity transsexual. Keywords: Clientisation, Adaptation Strategies, Goffman, Institutional Identities, transgender
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Fajfrić, Željko. "Court as 'total institution'." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, no. 9 (1996): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9606214f.

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Author thinks that the administration of justice crisis is not only connected with the administration of justice but with the whole society which is approaching "total institution". He pleas for an independent judicary which will be free from any existence problems, political and provincial pressures and bureaucracy ideology.
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Jain, Anil. "Delayed Total Correction in Tetrology of Fallot: Institutional Experience." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.6220.3.

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Rödler, Peter. "Totale Institution." Behindertenpädagogik 59, no. 4 (November 2020): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0341-7301-2020-4-345.

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Krajnčan, Mitja, and Boštjan Bajželj. "Institutional Work in Total Institutions and the Perspective of the Persons that Have Lived in Residential Treatment Institutions." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 4, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v4i1.p38-45.

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Institutional work includes all kinds of psychosocial assistance that offers, to people that need them, living environments and immediate environments adapted to their age, problems, disorders, and state. The diversity and dilemmas of institutional work represent the central theoretical discourse that the authors are researching in the explanations of the total institution, the exact answers regarding the help the youth that involuntarily find themselves in such institutions receive. The continued development of the discourse logically proceeds into deinstitutionalisation. Semi-structured interviews of adults that have spent their youth in such institutions represent the empirical part of the research. Extreme psychosocial pressures make the youth deviate away from goal orientation and the purpose of the institutions’ operations. So, additionally, the authors have gathered a collection of good and bad experiences to bring attention to the many imperfections that should not be self-evident. The key problems that people that have stayed in such institutions a decade ago would like to give light to are the non-existence of logic and specific learning and practical competences that would benefit them in the life outside of the institution. They also stressed the lack of using the quality relations that had been established in the institution as support in post-treatment.
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Malacrida*, Claudia. "Discipline and dehumanization in a total institution: institutional survivors’ descriptions of Time‐Out Rooms." Disability & Society 20, no. 5 (August 2005): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687590500156238.

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Dr.P.RAJALAKSHMI, Dr P. RAJALAKSHMI. "A Study on Total Quality Management in Brand Building of Engineering Institutions." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/236.

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Frolov, D. P. "Transplantation of economic institutions: An extended (post-institutional) theory." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-9-69-108.

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Most of research on institutional transplantation is based on a set of general methodological principles and theoretical positions, which in total might be termed the “classical theory”. Despite its persuasiveness and wide currency (including outside the economic discourse), the classical theory of institutional transplantation has many built-in methodological limitations. It has a pronouncedly one-sided character, is based on reductionist approaches, and has problems with a systemic explanation of transplant processes in the modern economy. The article presents an interdisciplinary research program for the extended theory of institutional transplantation. The extended theory proposes to pay special attention to bottomup transplants, as well as the role of institution-based communities — heterogeneous networks of internal and external actors of transplanted institutions. Adaptation of a transplanted institution to the new environment is viewed more as an active transformation of the environment by actors (institutional niche construction). The deviations from foreign prototypes arising in transplanted institutions are interpreted as adaptive refunctionalizations rather than transplant failures. Special emphasis is placed on the interactive communication field in which transplanted institutions develop. As a result of transplantation, it is proposed to consider not the dichotomy of successful adaptation and rejection of a new institution, but the emergence of institutional assemblage — a complex system of borrowed and local institutions based on irreducible institutional logics.
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Ljubicic, Milana. "Identity and total institution." Sociologija 57, no. 2 (2015): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1502231l.

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This paper analyses a psychiatric institution resident?s identity (self)- construction processes. Our quest was grounded on constructivist theoretical paradigm that sees identity as a manner a person defines oneself in accordance with offered social repertoire. In other words, the total institution milieu offers limited range of identities to its residents. On the other hand, the latter are not just passive subjects that identity is imposed upon. They are able to use a number of adjustment mechanisms to the knowledge about themselves - ranging from symbolic escape to open resistance against the imposed image about them; to obedience, and we were interested to understand the (supposed) complex dynamic of identity (re)-building in, so-called, special or forensic patients. In order to understand this process and attempting to discover, besides the manifest also the latent layer of the story about self, the local, or personal, identity understanding was examined.
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Finzen, Asmus. "Von gestern bis heute: Totale Institutionen." Familiendynamik 44, no. 03 (July 2019): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21706/fd-44-3-180.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Andersson, Tobias, and Rasmus Bergmark. "Värnplikten som en socialiseringsprocess : En undersökning av hur identitet formas, upprätthålls och förändras." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256252.

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Denna uppsats syfte var att studera värnplikten som en socialiseringsprocess där social identitet skapas. Uppsatsen bygger på två frågeställningar som berör syftet närmare: Hur förhåller sig personer som nyligen gjort värnplikten till det militära i förhållande till sitt civila liv innan värnplikten? Hur förhåller sig personer som nyligen gjort värnplikten till sitt nuvarande civila liv i förhållande till det militära liv de lämnat? Undersökningen baseras på en kvalitativ intervjustudie med hermeneutik som tolkningsgrund. Urvalet består av tio informanter som gjort värnplikten. I intervjuerna speglade informanterna sina upplevelser från och tankar om värnplikten. I en fördjupad analys har detta sedan analyserats utifrån teori med utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktivism (Berger och Luckmann, Goffman, Jenkins). Empirin mynnade ut i följande slutsatser: Socialiseringsprocessen i värnplikten har karaktären av en primär socialisation, likt den första socialisation vi genomgår; något som är möjligt genom Försvarsmaktens totala institutionella drag. I socialisationen uppstod motsättningar mellan det civila och det militära, som grundas i legitimerandet av den senare institutionen. Efter socialisationen upplevde informanterna att värnplikten hade haft en positiv effekt på dem, i relation till hur de var tidigare. Detta kan förstås som att en ny social identitet etablerats, vilken legitimeras genom de skillnader som finns i relation till det tidigare civila livet och till dem som inte har gjort värnplikten. Värnplikten har därmed en förenande effekt på dess medlemmar samtidigt som den skapar motsättningar till dem utanför.
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Stefansdotter, Åse. "Frihetsberövad i häkte." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för socialpedagogik och sociologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9991.

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Bakgrund: Att bli frihetsberövad är en av de mest ingripande åtgärder som en stat kan utöva över den enskilde i ett modernt västerländskt samhälle. Sverige har under flera år fått kritik från både FN:s och EU:s tortyr kommittéer för det sätt personer som är häktade misstänkta för brott isoleras i häkte genom att åklagare ofta ålägger restriktioner som förhindrar den intagna att ha kontakt med anhöriga eller andra intagna. Personalen utgör den dagliga mänskliga kontakten för en intagen och blir således en viktig del av den intagnes tid på häktet. Det har länge varit känt att isolering har negativa effekter på en människa och att psykiatriska effekter av isolering kan ge bestående men. Lagstiftningen som reglerar häkten säger att de som arbetar i häkte skall visa särskild förståelse för de svårigheter som kan vara förenade med ett frihetsberövande och Kriminalvården har en vision att minska skadeverkningarna av isolering genom isoleringsbrytande åtgärder. Kriminalvårdens statistik från 2015 visar att endast 25 % av de som är häktade med restriktioner nås av dessa åtgärder. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur personer som varit häktade med restriktioner upplever kriminalvårdarnas stödjande respektive kontrollerande roll. Hur de som arbetar inom kriminalvården ser på sina arbetsuppgifter och de olika rollerna som de innefattar är ett tangerande område som studien också söker ökad kunskap om. Metod: Då syftet med studien och forskningsfrågorna söker ökad kunskap om subjektiva upplevelser av stödjande respektive kontrollerande roller i häktesmiljön har kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer använts. Resultat: Sammantaget var det små saker som upplevdes som betydelsefulla och stödjande av personer som varit häktade med restriktioner, dvs. intagna. Ofta genom handlingar som uttryckte omtanke och respekt från kriminalvårdarnas sida. Kriminalvårdarna i studien delade upplevelsen av att små saker spelar stor roll för en person som är häktad med restriktioner. Totaliteten och frekvensen av säkerhetsrutiner upplevdes som kontrollerande av tidigare intagna snarare än förekomsten av dem. Upplevelser av att känna sig som ett objekt och känslor av total maktlöshet var återkommande i intervjuerna med personer som varit häktade med restriktioner. Ökat säkerhetsfokus inom kriminalvården märktes av intagna och isoleringsbrytande åtgärder tenderar att bli en säkerhetsfråga för kriminalvårdare om personal behövs till annat. Vad det finns för resurser att tillgå för att bryta isolering skiljer sig från häkte till häkte och från dag till dag. Frivillighetsorganisationer, andlig- och sjukvård fyller här en viktig funktion. Under tiden som häktad med restriktioner såg tidigare intagna på kriminalvårdares arbetsuppgifter i första hand som de dagliga rutiner som är associerade med måltider, dusch och promenad. Dessa dagliga rutiner upplevdes av tidigare häktade som präglade av olika säkerhetsrutiner, något som kriminalvårdarna i studien bekräftade. Kriminalvårdarna upplevde inte generellt det som problematisk att inneha både en stödjande och en kontrollerande roll. Personer som varit häktade med restriktioner upplevde detta som mer problematiskt.
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Johansson, Maria. "Uppfostran till medborgare i en total institution. En etnografisk studie om regelsystem på en institution för vård av unga." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2309.

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Uppsatsen handlar om regelsystem i en institution för vård av unga. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge en ökad förståelse för och få kunskap om behandling samt skolverksamhet på en institution för ungdomar med fokus på regelsystem, regelöverträdelser och personalens bemötande av dessa. Uppsatsen är etnografisk och resultatet bygger på en två veckor lång observationsperiod på en institution för vård av unga. Teorin bygger på Goffmans bok Totala institutioner- fyra essäer om anstaltslivets sociala villkor. Goffman menar att en total institution kännetecknas av inneslutande tendenser, dessa har jag försökt att applicera på resultatet. I resultatet visas till exempel att institutionen Skogbys regelsystem är centrala i verksamheten och att regelöverträdelserna beivras med hjälp av utebliven belöning.

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Mottaghi, Leila. "Dam knäckt av kung : En kvalitativ studie om varför misshandlade kvinnor stannar kvar hos männen som slår." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167985.

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"Dam knäckt av kung" handlar om varför en misshandlad kvinna stannar kvar hos mannen som slår. Det kan ofta vara svårt att förstå och för att ge en bättre bild av detta har jag intervjuat tre kvinnor som har upplevt misshandel av mannen de levt med. Jag har även tittat på olika teorier om till exempel hur en identitet skapas och hur en social verklighet kan förändras under speciella situationer, såsom under misshandelsförhållanden. Bland dessa teorier finns Berger & Luckmann´s (1971) teori om socialisation och internalisering av någon annans synsätt, Goffman´s (1983) totala institutioner och E.Lundgrens (2004) normaliseringsprocess. Jag analyserar mina intervjuer och teorier för att bättre förstå varför kvinnan stannar. En man som misshandlar har ofta total kontroll över kvinnan han slår. Den kontrollen får han genom att successivt bryta ner kvinnan. För att kunna bryta ner henne använder han sig av olika metoder. Det är allt ifrån att isolera kvinnan och få henne att bryta med familj och vänner. Han kan använda sig av våld och hot så att kvinnan inte ska våga gå ifrån honom och han kan förnedra och kränka kvinnan så att hon tillslut inte har kvar bilden av den hon en gång var. Han sänker henne så lågt att hon till slut tar över mannens syn och tror på de hemska orden han säger om henne. Oftast är det en kombination av metoder vilket gör det ännu svårare för kvinnan. Då mannen har isolerat kvinnan har hon inget socialt nätverk kvar, vilket också är en viktig del i att klara av ett lämnande. Tillslut har isoleringen, våldet och kontrollen blivit vardag för kvinnan och normaliseringen är ett faktum. Mannens kontroll är total. Informanterna är kvinnor som har varit med om detta och jag tolkar här deras upplevelser och känslor när det gäller kvinnomisshandel. Många tror att de aldrig skulle hamna i en situation där den de älskar slår dem. Men forskning visar att det kan hända vilken kvinna som helst, det finns inga kriterier för att bli en misshandlad kvinna!
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Ranhagen, Sylvia, and Nina Bergius. "Hur påverkas individen av anstaltsvistelser och ett tidigare kriminellt leverne?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-21395.

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Detta är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att genom intervjuer med tidigare kriminella vuxna undersöka deras upplevelser av vilken påverkan anstaltsvistelser och ett tidigare kriminellt leverne har gällande socialt umgänge och identitet. Vi utförde intervjuer med fyra individer med nu ordnad tillvaro. Frågorna ställdes utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide som baserades på uppsatsens syfte, tidigare forskning, och teori. Även om anstaltsvistelserna upplevts påtvingade och konstlade har respondenterna i varierande grad kunnat påverka sin tillvaro och det sociala umgänget. Det har funnits ett stort avståndstagande mellan intagna och anstaltspersonal. Vid frigivning har respondenterna upplevt ångest och vissa har fått anpassningssvårigheter till ett liv i frihet. Självbilden har utvecklats genom social interaktion med nära anhöriga. Vårt resultat visar även att respondenterna har blivit ofördelaktigt bemötta av myndigheter, arbetsgivare och enskilda individer.
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Hultgren, Peter. "Misstänkt – på förhand dömd? : En diskursanalys av två textmaterial från det svenska rättsväsendet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103769.

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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka, med diskursanalys som metod, hur den som är misstänkt för brott konstrueras och vilka maktdiskurser som kan exponeras i två textmaterial utgivna av det svenska rättsväsendet. Det huvudsakliga empiriska materialet är rapporten Häktningstider och restriktioner och det andra textmaterialet som används av Kriminalvården och som finns tillgängligt för häktade är, Information till häktade. Teorier som används utöver diskursanalys och Michel Foucault, är Erving Goffmans teori om totala institutioner. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att ”den misstänkte” konstrueras i de två textmaterialen, i stor grad som mer än bara misstänkt, utan i flera hänseenden som implicit skyldig, trots att denna bara är misstänkt för brott. Vidare exponeras inom ”häktesdiskursen” en diskrepans mellan två teman: utredning och humanitet. Maktdiskursen eller maktutövandet förekommer i utredningstemat. Det är detta tema som legitimeras i störst utsträckning, på bekostnad av humanitetstemat. Dessa resultat visar på att det Svenska rättsväsendet har en förtryckande funktion mot den som sitter frihetsberövad, misstänkt för brott. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskning omfattande både häkte och anstalt som tar upp ämnen som psykisk ohälsa och antiterroristmetoder.
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Frick, Nina, and Pia Andersson. "Institutionsskada : Ett led i social kontroll och stigmatisering?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-440.

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Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer. Vi har använt oss av en hermeneutisk ansats vid tolkning av intervjuerna. Syftet med studien har varit att förklara hur personalens stämpling och utövning av social kontroll på ungdomar som vistats på institution ökar riskerna för institutionsskada. Vi har relaterat institutionsskada till fem stycken faktorer som påverkar ungdomens möjligheter att bryta sig in i samhället. Vid analys av vår empiri har vi använt oss av tre olika teorier. Dels Goffmans teorier om totala institutioner och stigmatisering och dels Beckers teori om stämpling. Slutsatsen vi har kommit fram till är att personalen främst stämplar ungdomen gällande ansvarsfaktorn och att detta ökar riskerna för att en ungdom blir institutionsskadad. Vidare kan den sociala kontrollen öka riskerna för institutionsskada om personalen kränker en ungdom och när personalen, i och med den sociala kontrollen, missbrukar sin makt.

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Henriksson, Johanna. "På olika villkor : En intervjustudie om häktades och kriminalvårdares upplevelser av häktet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9244.

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Different Perspectives is a study of detainees' and guards' experiences of the remand prison. The result of the study shows that the remand prison brings forth the individuals anxiety, stress and fear. The individual detained in remand prison have a great need for contact with their families, but also with the guards. In the remand prison there is always a great level of control and always some kind of power practised. It is the guards who have the power and the competences to make the individuals detained in remand prison follow the rules and do what they have been told. The society possesses biases and a great curiosity about remand prisons and the people being there. This can lead to stigmatization among both the detained individuals as well as the guards.

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Åström, Jennie. "Fångarna, fängelset och motståndet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8956.

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Den här uppsatsen behandlar kriminalvården utifrån fångarnas perspektiv som den skildras i tidningen Kåkbladet, som är skriven av fångar i Sverige och som även i första hand riktar sig till fångar. De intagna skribenternas upplevelser av kriminalvården läggs fram genom en diskursanalys av Kåkbladet. Analysen visar hur fångarna framställer sig själva och den personal som dagligen arbetar med dem i fängelset samt vilken bild fångarna målar upp av kriminalvården som institution. Livet i fängelset skildras i texterna som präglat av kontroll och fångarna förmedlar en upplevd maktlöshet inför sin situation. I samband med denna upplevelse skapas i texterna strategier för motmakt där fångarna genom gemensamt motstånd gör anspråk på att sätta sig upp mot kontrollen. Uppsatsen utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt synsätt där den verklighet som framställs i Kåkbladet ses som en konstruktion av talet. Goffmans teori om totala institutioner används tillsammans med annan forskning om fängelset och totala institutioner som ett teoretiskt ramverk för att fördjupa förståelsen av analysresultatet.

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Johansson, Frida. "Ingen vill hamna snett - EN TEXTANALYS AV TVÅNGSVÅRDADE UNGDOMARS LIVSERFARENHETER." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24501.

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Varje år kommer ungefär 1100 ungdomar till Statens institutionsstyrelse när de frivilliga insatserna för vård och behandling inte ansetts varit tillräckliga. En placering på en låst enhet inom SiS förutsätter ett beslut om vård enligt LVU §§3 eller 6 och/eller har dömts till LSU. Sedan 2003 ger SiS årligen ut en bok, där placerade ungdomar får möjlighet att skriva en valfri text där många unga väljer att skriva om tiden på institutionen eller hur de hamnade där. Denna uppsats är en textanalys av ungdomarnas egna texter i syfte att belysa hur tvångsvårdade unga beskriver sina livserfarenheter och sin upplevelse av tillvaron på en institution. Den här uppsatsen belyser hur ungdomarna uppfattar sin situation med hjälp av Goffmans teori om stigma och totala institutionen, samt med hjälp av Bowlby och Ainsworth anknytningsteori. De unga upplever att de saknar makt över sina liv, de upplever att de saknar egen kontroll, samtidigt som de är utlämnade åt sig själva. Det börjar oftast med fel umgänge som kan leda till en start med droger eller kriminella handlingar. Det är vanligt förekommande att ungdomarna blir sexuellt utnyttjade redan i tidig barndom, i vissa fall av en närstående. Många av ungdomarna har hunnit uppleva mycket i en tidig ålder. En familj med bristande tillsyn eller mycket föräldrakonflikter är en riskfaktor. Det är vanligt förekommande att samhället ser de unga som en risk för både omgivningen och för sig själva. Studien är viktig för socialt arbete eftersom det är många olika aktörer som är delaktiga i ungdomarnas liv när de placeras på ett särskilt ungdomshem. Det är viktigt för socialt arbete att man aldrig glömmer hur svårt det kan vara för barnet som är i situationen att eventuellt tas ifrån sin familj och placeras på en institution.
Each year, about 1,100 young people come to the State Institution Board when the voluntary efforts for care and treatment have not been successful. A placement on a locked unit within SiS requires a decision on care according to LVU or LSU. Since 2003, SiS has published a book, where placed youths have the opportunity to write a text about things that is important for them to share, for example about their time at the institution or how they ended up inside. The essay is a text analysis of young people´s own texts with the aim of illustrating how forced young people describe their life experiences and their experience of being inside an institution. This essay illustrates how young people perceive their situation with the help of Goffman's theory of stigma and the overall institution, and with the help of Bowlby and Ainsworth attachment theory. The youths feel that they lack control over their lives, they feel that they lack self-control, at the same time that they are left to themselves. It usually starts with interacting with the wrong people and may lead to drug addiction and criminal behavior. It is common for young people to be sexually abused as early as childhood, in some cases by a close relative. Many of the youths have had to experience a lot at an early age. A family with inadequate supervision or a lot of parental conflicts is a risk factor. It is common for society to see young people as a risk to both themselves and the surroundings. The study is important for social work because there are many different actors who are involved in young people’s lives when they are placed in a Juvenile institution. It is important for social work that you never forget how difficult it can be for the child who is in the situation to possibly be taken away from his or her family and placed inside an institution.
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Books on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Severino, Sergio. Dalle istituzioni totali ai "nonluoghi": Una digressione teorico-metodologica da Erving Goffman alla "surmodernità" di Marc Augé. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2008.

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Dalle istituzioni totali ai "nonluoghi": Una digressione teorico-metodologica da Erving Goffman alla "surmodernità" di Marc Augé. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2008.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8.

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Total institutions and reinvented identities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Scott, Susie. Total Institutions and Reinvented Identities. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348608.

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Erving Goffman et les institutions totales. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2001.

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Total St Gall: Medieval monastery as a disciplinary institution. Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2010.

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ACUCA, Seminar (1997 Surabaya Indonesia). Total quality management of institutions for higher education in Asia. [Surabaya: Petra-Christian University, 1997.

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Angelo, Devananda, ed. Total surrender. Ann Arbor, Mich: Servant Publications, 1985.

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Bennett, Addison C. Improving management performance in health care institutions: A total systems approach. [Chicago, IL]: American Hospital Pub., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Scott, Susie. "Virtual Institutions." In Total Institutions and Reinvented Identities, 207–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348608_9.

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Scott, Susie. "Reinventive Institutions." In Total Institutions and Reinvented Identities, 30–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348608_3.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Gefangenen-Portraits." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 159–97. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_4.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Rechtsschutz in der totalen Institution." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 9–33. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_1.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Quantitative Aspekte des gerichtlichen Rechtschutzes." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 35–61. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_2.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Anstaltsstrategien." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 63–157. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_3.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Rechtspolitische Folgerungen." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 199–206. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_5.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Literaturverzeichnis." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 207–10. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_6.

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Feest, Johannes, Wolfgang Lesting, and Peter Selling. "Anhang zur Implementationsbefragung." In Totale Institution und Rechtsschutz, 211–52. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90405-8_7.

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Bernstein, Jenna, Joshua Rozell, and Joseph Bosco. "Choosing Institutional Metrics." In Rapid Recovery in Total Joint Arthroplasty, 329–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41223-4_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Cankurt, Ezgi. "Evaluation of the Decisions of the Ombudsman Institution According to Human Rights." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02334.

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Alternative solutions have come to the fore in recent years. In our country, the new Ombudsman Institution is; Upon the operation and complaint of the administration, it is responsible for examining and conducting all kinds of actions and operations of the administration and its attitudes and behaviors within the understanding of justice based on human rights, in terms of compliance with law and equity, and to make recommendations to the administration. Therefore, it offers alternative solutions for these issues. In the first part, general information about the functioning of the Ombudsman Institution and the application standards will be given. In observing the decisions of the institution, reference is made to international conventions for examination. Because of this reason, in the second part, the decisions given by the ombudsman institutions will be evaluated for compliance with international conventions and the constitution. Recommendations made by the Agency also help to increase the total quality of public institutions. The decisions of the Ombudsman institution should be made in accordance with the international conventions and the constitution. Because without reference to human rights, there will be problems in terms of binding decisions. Therefore, facilitator methods should be followed in terms of application criteria.
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Roman, Angela, and Valentina-Diana Rusu. "MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY. A CROSS-COUNTRY EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.03.

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Our paper aims to investigate how the changes in macroeconomic conditions and the quality of insti-tutions affect the level of entrepreneurial activity in 18 European Union countries, over the period 2002–2016. Using panel-data estimation techniques, we alternatively analyzed the effects of some macroeconomic and institutional framework related factors (in particular, the quality of institutions) on entrepreneurial activity level, proxied by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate, nascent entrepreneurship rate, and new business ownership rate. The results of our empirical analysis show that the economic situation of EU countries and the quality of institutions (reflected in our study through competitiveness, economic freedom, and governance quality) have a significant effect on early-stage entrepreneurs and for some variables the sign of the relationship depends on the age of the business. Our findings may be of interest to policy makers in developing effective policies contributing to enhancing the entrepreneurial capacity in different countries.
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Abubakar, Nusrat-Jahan, Emmanuel Freeman, and Kennedy Fosu Oppong. "Modeling Total Quality Management Framework for Higher Education Institutions in Ghana." In 2019 International Conference on Computing, Computational Modelling and Applications (ICCMA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccma.2019.00021.

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Tresnasari, Della, Rahmat Nurcahyo, and F. Farizal. "Evaluating Critical Success Factors in Total Quality Management Implementation in Education Institutions." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics Engineering and Social Science, InCEESS 2020, 17-18 July, Bekasi, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-7-2020.2303046.

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Nogueiro, Teresa, Margarida Saraiva, and Fátima Jorge. "HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS - THE SYNERGIES BETWEEN TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.2274.

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Echempati, Raghu. "Teaching the Concept of Total Design." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0125.

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Abstract When the engineering students graduate and are about to enter the “real world of engineering” — be it an engineering industry (as a coop or as an engineer), or return to an educational institution for further studies, they must appreciate and possibly be already familiar with the concept of “Total Design of the Mechanical System”. This means that the students be given excellent training before they graduate, to fulfil the current and the future needs of an industry. This paper presents the methodology adopted by the author based on his own experience as a consultant to an industry, in teaching 2 different design courses at the Michigan Technological University. The feedback obtained (from time to time) from the student alumni has been a totally rewarding experience.
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Sharma, Manoj, and Alpana Sharma. "Truth of evidence collection, follow up and patient retrieval systems for gynaecological cancer patients: An Indian survey." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685351.

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Introduction: The Evidence Based Medicine in oncological sciences is founded on many factors. Pathetic state of patient retrieval system and follow up are some of the inherent problems faced in developing countries. The absence of follow up seems to affect the patient survival, intervention in case of predictive recurrence, and it also fails to fortifies authenticity of research and survival data. Paper outlines histrionics, evolved/recommended methodologies, nationwide survey with regards to authenticity of Evidence Based Practices in Oncological research. It opens the facts sheet of awareness, practice of follow-up and obstacles faced in India institutions. Relevant for obstetricians adopting Gynec Oncology. Aims and Objective: (1) To Evaluate the Evidence based practice of Gynec Oncology, (2) To evaluate the effectiveness of follow up methodologies, (3) Compliance of institutions and oncologist with regards to follow-up of Gynec cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The follow up methodology propagated; 1–6 address system (IARC 3 Address System), 2-Postcarding, 3-SMS/Telephony, 4-Door to door patient retrieval, 5-Family Physician referrals/feedback, 6-Software Alert on follow up defaulters in the Hospital Based Cancer Registry. etc. A stock taking was started 10 years back with repeated circulars on dates of “The National Cancer Calendar” (one date every months) that were sent to some 10,000 E-mail address of personnel/institutions connected with oncological sciences. Over five years 150 postgraduate examinees and 50 faculty in various institutions were interviewed on their 1 - Practicing Evidence Based Gynec Oncology and 2 - Understanding of Follow up/patient retrieval system practices in Gynec cancers. As an inspector of a major medical accreditation institution 50 institutions were inspected and existence of their follow up methodologies were evaluated. 100 post graduate dissertations reviewed, were studied with regards to status of follow up in the study carried out or the existence of follow-up system in the institution. Undergraduate students and their text books were searched if they are educated about follow up and necessity of patient retrieval system and its significance in Medical sciences. Faculty/Specialist of Obs and Gyn departments were interviewed for the same. Observations and Results: Response to circulars on follow up in cancer patients was cold shouldered, 95 percent of examinee PG students did not know how to follow up the cancer patients, out which as many as 90 percent of their institutions did not have any follow up system in order. 99 percent of dissertation did not show any effort from the side of candidate for patient retrieval system in order to fortify the research data. Only 20 percent institutions had infrastructure and significant effort (including door to door retrieval) on following up the patients that are treated there. Non of the undergraduate text books had guidelines or teaching in follow up so were total blankness of concept of follow up with undergraduate students. The awareness of Evidence based practice of Gynec oncology in most of the faculty of Obs and Gyne Departments was abysmal and “Not Necessary or Not possible” issue. Conclusion: Death and prolongation of survival both in curable and not so curable gynec cancers is directly related to Patient retrieval through follow up that generates evidence on Indian patients. In order to improve the survival and timely therapeutic intervention, follow up has to be strengthen at under graduate and post graduate medical teaching. This also applies for the authenticity of oncological research data that is produced in large numbers in developing countries. This is especially significant in the large poor socio economic gynec cancer patient population with poor literacy levels and far off homes from cancer treatment centres.
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Kumar Shetty, Pradeep, and L. Lewlyn R. Rodrigues. "Total Productive Maintenance of a Diesel power generating unit of a institution campus." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electrical Technology (ICMET). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmet.2010.5598493.

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Chovancová, Petra. "Total Factor Productivity in the EU – Direct and Indirect Impact of Labor Market Institutions." In Hradec Economic Days 2020, edited by Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2020-01-030.

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Bahari Yaakub, Kamarul, and Norsamsinar Samsudin. "The Development Of Measurement Instruments For Total Quality Management Practices In Higher Education Institution." In Proceedings of the 8th UPI-UPSI International Conference 2018 (UPI-UPSI 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/upiupsi-18.2019.20.

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Reports on the topic "Totala institutioner"

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Tennant, David. Business Surveys on the Impact of COVID-19 on Jamaican Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003251.

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The datasets come from two surveys of Jamaican businesses conducted between May and June 2020. Two sets of self-administered surveys were conducted using Survey Monkey. A very small sample of financial institutions was surveyed to gain perspective on the challenges facing financiers as a result of the pandemic, and their efforts to respond to such challenges. Nine financial institutions completed this survey, and the results were used to complement the information derived from the second and major survey. The second survey targeted non-financial businesses operating in Jamaica. The sample of firms was selected from a list of all registered Jamaican firms, obtained from the Companies Office of Jamaica. A stratified random sample was used based on firm type, region, and sector. Some firms may have also participated in the study through contact made by their respective affiliations, which were approached to endorse the study and encourage their members to engage. A total of 390 firms completed the second survey. A significant degree of representation was achieved across size, type and age of business, sector and location of operation. Good gender representation was also achieved.
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Yépez, Ariel, Luis San Vicente Portes, and Santiago Guerrero. Productivity and Energy Intensity in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003219.

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Within an industrial setting, what would ones conjecture be about the relation between Energy Intensity (EI) and productivity? Could higher Energy use be associated to more capital intensive processes, and thus higher output (per worker)? Or Ceteris paribus, are productivity indicators inversely associated with energy intensity? So that more productive firms or industries tend also to be more energy efficient. The nature of this question is multifold as there are historical, geographical, institutional, developmental, and policy variables that jointly affect industrial development as well as a nations energy supply. This study seeks to assess the relationship between these variables in the industrial sector of four Latin American countries. Under alternative measures of productivity, namely, average labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP), we find a statistically negative relationship between productivity and Energy intensity.
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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera, and Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.

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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.
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Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism: 2020 Annual Report. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003200.

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2020 was an unprecedented year for everyone, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. MICI experienced this reality first-hand and was dedicated to reducing the disruptions in the operation of the mechanism due to the new circumstances, particularly in case management and accessibility. In numbers, MICIs complaint portfolio remained stable in 2020, with minimal variations compared to previous years. The Mechanism handled 21 complaints in total (two and three complaints less than in 2019 and 2018, respectively), 10 of which were new cases received in 2020. This report presents the management of each of these cases, as well as the main results in promoting access, learning and institutional strengthening.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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