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Bolan, Peter. "Film-induced tourism : motivation, authenticity and displacement." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551562.
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Films or movies provide us with a window into other places that broaden our knowledge and can fuel our desire to travel. What has become known as film-induced tourism has begun to gather momentum as an area of both academic research and industry interest. However, the phenomenon is wide-ranging and according to Beeton (2005), still a largely untapped and little-understood field of tourism research. Much of the literature to date has focused on the promotional aspects and the impacts of the phenomenon with little research into the motivations of the film-induced tourists themselves. Further, films are not always shot in the place where they are portraying on screen. This has become a common occurrence and it is not unusual for a film to be made in a completely different country from that it portrays. This form of displacement creates issues of authenticity and implications as to where the tourist influenced by such a film will choose to visit. This aspect in film tourism has been mentioned briefly by authors such as Beeton (2005), Hudson and Ritchie (2006) and Shandley et al. (2006) but they have not conducted investigations themselves and to date there have been no in-depth research studies into this aspect of the phenomenon. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate what the author has termed displacement theory within the larger phenomenon of film-induced tourism and to present a clearer understanding of the inherent implications and opportunities for economic development this may bring. Within this the author sought to examine film influence on tourist motivation, tourist views on displacement and authenticity as well as industry opinion on these matters. An interpretivistic research approach was taken utilizing the power of the internet and harnessing the use of specially created blogs to collect qualitative data. The approach was designed to extract data in depth with a select set of bloggers rather than at a superficial level across a wider number of respondents through quantitative survey work. This was then followed up by semi-structured interviews with respective tourism and film organizations throughout the UK and Ireland. Findings reveal that these issues do matter to tourists and that there are three distinct markets in existence which comprise three distinct tourist types in relation to film- induced tourism. This has enabled the author to develop a model of displacement (the first such model in this field of study) which conveys the motivational factors at play on the tourist and what is happening when displacement in film tourism occurs in relation to the three distinct markets. This is then utilized to make key recommendations as to how industry can maximize future potential from film-induced tourism, especially when displacement occurs. The thesis has covered new ground in its contribution to knowledge through addressing a gap in the film-induced tourism literature and providing new theories culminating in a newly developed model to represent what is occurring. Further contribution has been made through the use of innovative methodologies. In this case the use of specially designed blogs to gather qualitative data for the research.
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Lastrapes, Lauren. "Casa Samba: Identity, Authenticity, and Tourism in New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1456.
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ABSTRACT
Casa Samba is a cultural organization and samba school that has been operating in New Orleans’ performance scene since 1986. The group has been run by an American couple, Curtis and Carol Pierre, since its inception. Their son, Bomani Pierre, has been raised in the Afro-Brazilian drumming and dance practices that Casa Samba teaches and performs. Life histories of the group’s founding family are the basis of this qualitative case study. Using the details of individual lives and the context that these details provide, this dissertation seeks answers to two key questions: How and why does an American couple run a samba school? How does Casa Samba’s presence in New Orleans shape its practices?
As Carol and Curtis described their early lives and young adulthoods, it became apparent that each of them was seeking a way to remake their identities. The terrain for analyzing this search became personal authenticity, and I examine how each of the adult Pierres is on a quest for personal authenticity that begins early in their lives and continues through their creation and maintenance of Casa Samba. But the sense of personal authenticity that underwrites the Pierres’ construction of Casa Samba comes into contact with another form of authenticity, one that is external, evaluative, and also the root of New Orleans’ tourism economy. Thus, further questions arose regarding Casa Samba’s location in New Orleans and its cultural landscape. How does the tourist industry shape what is “authentic”? How is Casa Samba an “authentic” New Orleans cultural organization? In what ways is it an “authentic” representative of Brazilian carnival?
In the end, authenticity may be too narrow a concept from which to understand the totality of who the Pierre family is and what Casa Samba is. For this reason, this research examines Casa Samba as a utopian project, a site of cultural belonging, and an Afrocentric venture. I propose that Curtis and Carol Pierre have drawn on their knowledge of what is valuable, meaningful, and important—that is, authentic—to produce a cultural organization that reflects their sensibilities to the fullest extent possible.
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Hodgson, Renata. "Perceptions of authenticity Aboriginal cultural tourism in the Northern Territory /." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32902.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.<br>A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Management, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Hodgson, Renata. "Perceptions of authenticity : Aboriginal cultural tourism in the Northern Territory." Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32902.
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Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in Indigenous cultures globally. In Australia, the recognition that Aboriginal art and culture represents a distinct component of Australian identity has resulted in increased promotion of Aboriginal cultures and heritage sites as unique tourist attractions, mainly since the 1990s.
Research indicates that there is a significant international interest in Australian Indigenous cultures. In particular, it has been suggested that tourists want to experience ‘real’ Aboriginal culture and that they desire ‘authentic and genuine’ Aboriginal cultural experiences. Despite the fact that the concept of authenticity remains important to the different stakeholder groups of Aboriginal tourism, including tourists, tour operators and promoters as well as State/Territorial Governments, limited understanding exists as to what ‘authentic’ Aboriginal culture and, in particular, ‘authentic’ Aboriginal tourism experiences constitute in the minds of these stakeholders. Whilst an abundance of research exists that has addressed the issue of authenticity in different tourism settings, the majority of studies have treated the concept of authenticity as something given and have used quantitative tools to analyse the authentic-inauthentic binary. However, research utilising such methods has failed to uncover the different perspectives and meanings respondents may hold of the notion of authenticity. Notably, the perceptions of authenticity in Indigenous tourism have received little attention. The few existing studies on authenticity in Indigenous tourism settings have given emphasis to differing agendas, and have therefore provided only a piecemeal understanding of how authenticity is perceived and interpreted by the different stakeholders of Indigenous tourism. More importantly, research on Aboriginal hosts’ perceptions of authenticity is virtually non-existent. Yet, clarification of how tourists and hosts perceive authenticity in Aboriginal tourism is essential when addressing issues of accreditation and branding as well as key marketing objectives that aim to promote ‘authentic’ Aboriginal tourism experiences.
This study seeks to address the gaps within the tourism literature surrounding authenticity in Aboriginal tourism. The aim is to understand the concept of authenticity in Aboriginal tourism from a stakeholder perspective. The study is guided by two main research questions: What are the perceptions of authenticity of tourists as well as tour providers and their employees? and Are theoretical perspectives of the notion of authenticity shared by those stakeholders? More specifically, this study investigated five important issues: 1) tourists’ perceptions of authenticity at three different Aboriginal cultural tours; 2) the perceptions of three Aboriginal cultural tour operators and their employees in regard to authenticity; 3) whether there were any discrepancies and/or similarities between the perceptions of tour operators/employees and tourists about what constitutes an authentic Aboriginal tourism experience; 4) whether any of the different theoretical perspectives of authenticity were shared by tourists and tour operators/employees; and 5) whether a conceptual framework could be developed that provides an overview of salient elements explaining the formation of perceptions of authenticity within Aboriginal cultural tourism experiences.
In order to examine the research questions a qualitative research methodology grounded in the constructivist paradigm was adopted. This paradigm was chosen as it reflects the exploratory nature of the research and allows for flexibility throughout the research process. This study utilised qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method together with participant observation. Data was collected from 92 interviews, consisting of 72 tourists and 20 employees, within three Aboriginal cultural tour companies in the Northern Territory. The three different Aboriginal cultural tours chosen for the purpose of this study were: Tiwi Tours at Bathurst Island, Manyallaluk Aboriginal Cultural Tours near Katherine and Anangu Tours at the Uluru-Kata-Tjuta National Park. The results of this research revealed that respondents hold multiple constructions of the notion of authenticity. In general, however, most respondents associated an authentic Aboriginal cultural tour experience with a genuine experience which does not feel contrived, staged or ‘plastic’. In particular, the study found that respondents’ perceptions of authenticity can be grouped into four elements. The first element consisted of the background and role of the Aboriginal tour guide, which was found to be a major factor influencing respondents’ perceptions on whether the tour was offering an authentic experience. The second element is characterised by the tourists’ search for ‘real’ and ‘genuine’ Aboriginal people. Here, respondents equated authenticity with the opportunity to visit a ‘real’ Aboriginal working community and to be able to experience Aboriginal people in an everyday setting. Respondents were found to hold preconceived notions and images in their minds as to who ‘real’ Aboriginal people are and what their ‘authentic’ lifestyle should involve. In addition, the majority of respondents defined authentic Aboriginal culture as the contemporary culture of Aboriginal people. Consequently, an authentic Aboriginal cultural tour experience was conceived in terms of gaining an insight into the contemporary lifestyle of Aboriginal people.
The third element that contributed to the experience of authenticity is associated with having the opportunity to see and/or purchase authentic Aboriginal arts and crafts. Respondents perceived a product as authentic if it conformed to specific criteria, such as reflecting uniqueness and originality and being handmade by a local artist.
Verification of authenticity was also generated by the shopping experience itself, for example meeting the artist and watching how the craft is produced. Finally, the fourth element in the construction of authenticity is related to tourists’ perceptions of the dance performance. Some respondents recognised this as a contrived experience that lacked ‘traditional’ authenticity, while some respondents wanted to see an authentically contrived or staged cultural performance as this was regarded as an occasion for entertainment and enjoyment. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that respondents generally referred to the authenticity of toured objects (object authenticity) when describing their perceptions of an authentic experience. The majority of tourists and employees employed a constructivist approach within their conceptualisation of the notion of authenticity. Only a small number of tourists appeared to hold attitudes similar to the objectivist and postmodern perspectives.
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Robinson, Peter D. "Prosuming visuality, authenticity and urban exploration within tourist experiences." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620348.
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This PhD by publication draws on a range of publications from the last five years. These books, papers and chapters explore tourist motivation and experiences in a range of contemporary contexts. The body of work moves from mainstream discussion around sustainability and slow tourism in the tourist decision making process to the use of visual media to explore, understand and co-create tourist spaces, investigating related tourist subcultures and counter-cultural destinations. In particular the work focuses on Urban Exploration and, later, on cold war sites. My papers consider both tourist decision making in relation to planned visits, and the subsequent publication of images of places which have been visited. The work considers authenticity and visuality as components of the dissatisfaction with modern tourism, and the experiences it offers, I argue that this dissatisfaction is driving tourists to understand, engage with and experience tourist sites in new ways, seeking liminality and embodiment within the tourist experience. The study will develop this analysis through four key areas: A clarification of the role of tourism within advanced societies and as a multidisciplinary field of research. An evaluation of authenticity, visuality and urban exploration A critical review of tourist consumption, prosumption and co-creation A review of the methodologies adopted through the papers submitted for this PhD by publication to explore the mixed-method approaches to data collection and the centrality of visual methodologies and discourses in understanding tourism and tourism geography. An exploration of the role of real and virtual experiences in deconstructing and reconstructing urban tourist experiences to evaluate the factors which influence and inform tourist decision making.
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Ivanovic, Milena. "Exploring the authenticity of the tourist experience in culture heritage tourism in South Africa / Milena Ivanovic." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7606.
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The research question addressed by this dissertation is: How is the tourist experience
formed and what constitutes the authenticity of the tourist experience for two market
segments (motivated and not motivated by learning) of tourists visiting (political) cultural
heritage sites in South Africa. The study explores the correlation between three types of
authenticity, namely objective, constructed and existential on two independent tourist
samples, motivated and not motivated by learning.
This research was initiated for three reasons. The first reason forms part of the research
problem; South African cultural experiences received the lowest ratings from the
international tourists despite the fact that culture and heritage play a role in reimaging
South Africa from Big 5 destination into ‘It’s possible’ and ‘Leave ordinary behind’. It was
suspected that not all types of cultural heritage products justify such a low ratings,
especially not the political cultural heritage sites South Africa is famous for. The second
reason emerged from the academic literature on authenticity theories and calls from the
influential group of postmodernist scholars to declare the objective authenticity obsolete
and replace it with the existential authenticity. The argument that; the hyperreal nature of
the postmodern experience and its detachment from reality makes the authenticity of the
site redundant, seemed inapt for cultural heritage sites exclusively dependent on their
historical and authentic values. The third reason was the inability of the postmodern
paradigm to explain the new tourism phenomenon driven by the tourists search for selfdevelopment
through authentic experiences. The new emerging paradigm, transmodernity
seemed to offer better theoretical framework in explaining the omnivorouessness of
tourists’ consumption and the authentic nature of tourist experiences.
The correlational character of the research question required a descriptive correlational
design and quantitative methodology. The selected research instrument for primary data
collection is a self–administered questionnaire. The sampling strategy is a non–probability
sampling, and the sampling method is a convenience or accidental sample. The data was
collected from November 2010 to February 2011 at the Constitutional Hill National
Heritage Site in Johannesburg. The final sample (436) consists of 254 foreign and 182
domestic tourists.
The questionnaire was designed to identify the variables pertinent to each type of
authenticity of tourists experience and of the resultant tourist experience. The data
analysis provided very interesting results. Firstly, the results of crosstabulation proved that
more than half (56%) of the tourists expressed strong agreement that the Constitution Hill
provided them with authentic experience, hence a proof that political heritage sites are not
responsible for the overall low experiential ratings of the country’s culture and heritage.
Secondly, the results of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient proved that objective
authenticity as an independent variable have strong positive correlation with constructed
and existential authenticity hence a proof that objective authenticity cannot be declared
obsolete and replaced with existential authenticity. Finally, the results of the t–test proved
that motivation for learning and place of birth do not play an important role in how tourist
evaluate and experience the authenticity of the site pointing to the omnivorous nature of
tourist consumption. In line with the transmodern paradigm, motivation for learning plays a
critical role in triggering the transformative, authentic experience distinctive of the
existential authenticity. The results of the study also showed that 32% of tourists are in
fact the purposeful, New Age, transmodern Cultural Creatives. Proposed theoretical
model of authenticity of tourists experience presents a theoretical platform for future
research studies.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Tetley, Sarah. "Visitor attitudes to authenticity at a literary tourist destination." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3465/.
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Cultural tourism is assuming ever greater significance, and this study examines one particular form of this tourism whose main resource is the literary work of authors. Literary tourist destinations are places visited because of their associations with books or other literary outputs and with their authors. Such destinations are becoming increasingly popular as visitor attractions. This research examines the visitors to one well-known literary tourist destination. It examines the motivations, experiences and attitudes of the visitors as they relate to the authenticity of the destination. Although literary tourism is a significant part of both the cultural and tourism industries, it is very largely under-researched. Most concentrates on the historical emergence of literary tourist destinations. The present examination uses a case study of tourists visiting the literary tourism area of Haworth, West Yorkshire, England which was home to the literary Bronte family. The nature of the links specifically between literature, authenticity and tourism remain under-researched, with little sustained attention given to questions surrounding the authenticity of literary tourist destinations. Hence, the case study investigates visitor attitudes to the character of authenticity at the destination. Authenticity is evaluated explicitly as a social construct, and the research also questions how tourists respond to the signs or markers of literary connections. In this way, the research adds to the understanding of literary tourist destinations, visitor attitudes to authenticity, and their perceptions of, and responses to, signs as markers of authenticity. The case study is based on a social survey which comprises three different semi-structured questionnaires. While these surveys shared standard questions on motivations and authenticity, each had a distinct focus, which facilitated the assessment of visitor attitudes to a wide range of potential tourism products in the literary tourist destination. This research adds to methodological sophistication in tourism research by its innovative use of visual stimuli as a projection technique, with this method rarely being used in tourism studies. Verbal stimuli were less likely to be appropriate to explore the signs that visitors use as markers of authenticity. Consequently, photographs including key potential signs were used as a stimulus to gain insights into visitor responses. The results indicate that the literary tourist destination of Haworth attracts a broad range of visitor types, and that the different types of visitors differed in their motivations and experiences. It was found that different visitors were motivated to visit Haworth by the desire to learn and by the desire to have fun to varying degrees. Such motivations affected the extent to which they were concerned about the authenticity of the various aspects of the literary tourism product. In a similar vein, the empirical data suggests that visitors varied in the extent to which they considered their experience of the destination had been authentic, and differences also emerged between the features of the literary place that visitors used as markers of authenticity or of inauthenticity.
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Offeh, Francis. "Heritage tourism in the Ashanti Kingdom Ghana: Authenticity, commodification and tradition." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528530.
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Lawrance, Robert A. "Defining and protecting cultural and heritage tourism authenticity in rural Nova Scotia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ39674.pdf.
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Sathe, Nikhil Anand. "Authenticity and the critique of the tourism industry in postwar Austrian literature." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054693119.
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Pirolli, Bryan. "Pluralité et extension du journalisme de voyage : nouveaux acteurs, nouvelles pratiques, nouvelles attentes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA169/document.
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L’industrie du tourisme a beaucoup évolué et continue de se transformer sous l’effet du numérique, mais aussi sous l’effet des changements sociaux et économiques. L’information destinée aux voyageurs, auparavant produite par les seuls professionnels du métier – les journalistes de voyage – s’est diversifiée. De nouveaux acteurs, comme les blogueurs et les commentateurs des sites de recommandation, sont devenus des sources d’information importantes pour les voyageurs. Nos travaux de recherche se proposent d’explorer les pratiques des auteurs en ligne ainsi que la réception et l’interprétation de leurs écrits par les voyageurs. Des entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de journalistes, blogueurs et commentateurs producteurs d’informations autour de Paris, éclairent leurs méthodes et pratiques et leur niveau d’adoption ou de rejet des codes traditionnels du journalisme. Dans un second temps, une autre série d’entretiens avec des voyageurs nous ont permis de mettre en évidence les jugements émis par ces « consommateurs » sur les contenus trouvés en ligne. En considérant les motivations de ces internautes, surtout l’aspiration à vivre des expériences « authentiques », les chercheurs peuvent mieux comprendre ce que les voyageurs apprécient. Les résultats suggèrent que les productions des journalistes de voyage, blogueurs et contributeurs participent chacune à leur manière à alimenter l’internaute en information lorsqu’il organise son voyage. Quant aux « consommateurs » de ces articles ou commentaires sur une destination, ils apprécient trouver une variété d’informations. Ces travaux permettent de formuler une conclusion générale au sujet du journaliste de voyage professionnel, dont les écrits ne sont qu’un fragment parmi toute la production d’informations touristiques, à laquelle contribuent également des non-professionnels. Le journalisme de voyage s’avère être un processus riche, au sein duquel différents types d’acteurs évoluent, pour répondre aux besoins des voyageurs-internautes<br>The travel industry has evolved over the past decades, including social and technological changes that allow more people than ever to cross the globe. Travel journalists working for established media are no longer the sole gatekeepers of information relating to a destination. New authors, including bloggers and commentators on recommendation sites, have become major sources of information for travelers. This project seeks to explore both the practices of these online authors as well as the reception and interpretations of their work by travelers. Qualitative interviews with a sample of journalists, bloggers, and forum contributors in Paris help shed light on how these individuals adhere to notions considered “journalistic” as defined by traditional manuals. The goal is to explore and elaborate a definition of the travel journalist as opposed to non-professional authors. Secondly, through interviews with travelers who plan their trips online, the research aims to understand how consumers prioritize and value the content they find on the internet, especially looking at motivations linked to the idea of discovering authentic experiences abroad. Findings suggest that travel journalists, bloggers, and forum contributors all participate uniquely to the travel planning process, providing different elements. On the reception end, travelers consume many sources during their travel planning, and actively seek various websites and publications for different reasons. The overall conclusion is that travel journalists are just one important yet specific part of the larger process of travel journalism that acts interdependently with non-professional sources to respond to the online traveler’s needs
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Joubert, Elize. "The relativity of authenticity: Notions of authenticity in the Cape Winelands cultural landscape and the impact of wine tourism on cultural heritage." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21538.
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This study explores various notions of authenticity in tourism experience and seeks to establish if these notions are compatible with the concept of authenticity in conservation of the built environment. Three wine farms in the Cape Winelands cultural landscape, a proposed serial World Heritage Site, have been studied. The study suggests that object-related or material authenticity is being replaced with alternative notions of authenticity in tourism and that the toured object, for the purpose of winelands tourism in the Western Cape during this period, no longer needs to be authentic.
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Marchaza, Lauren M. "Selling authenticity the role of Zuni Knifewings and Rainbow gods in tourism of the American Southwest /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180626964.
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Sansom, Jane A. "Contested authenticity, identity and the performance of the Anastenaria /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs2289.pdf.
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Andermo, Ani. "Revealing Georgia's Tourism Potential." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24355.
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Although Georgia has experienced dramatic increases in the number of visitors over the past decade Swedish travellers are absent in the arrival statistics. Visitors from Eastern Europeans account for the majority of the increase in arrivals. This thesis attempts to understand what is missing in order for Swedish tourists to discover Georgia as a destination. This is done by interviewing Swedish tour operators and surveying Swedish visitors to Georgia. The results are analyzed in the framework of Leiper’s theory of destination competitiveness. A SWOT analysis is also used to structure the analysis, and the thesis suggests some benchmark measures that could be used to implement a systematic effort to improve the destination. The thesis concludes that Georgia indeed has a strong attractiveness on Swedish tourists, but that the main problems are connected with low awareness and lack of convenient transportation options. It is argued that these problems can be solved through improved marketing and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the thesis highlights the need for Georgian destination managers to make choices today in order to shape the image of the country in the future. Georgia has a challenge to strengthen the authenticity that many travellers associate with the country, but is in a position to modernize by preserving traditions. Finally, it is argued that the results from this study are generalizable to include preferences of travellers from Western Europe in general, and therefore the study points to some significant opportunities available to Georgia.
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Kim, Hyounggon. "Serious leisure, participation and experience in tourism: authenticity and ritual in a renaissance festival." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1562.
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This study examined the Texas Renaissance Festival as perceived and experienced by (serious) visitors for whom this was a form of regular, repeated and highly meaningful participation. Specifically, the focus was to gain understanding of the notion of serious leisure as defined by Stebbins, in the context of festivals, and to understand the meanings associated with festival participation. Following a qualitative (constructivism paradigm) research frame, the data were collected through participant observation and 37 in-depth interviews for highly committed tourists to the Texas Renaissance Festival. The collected data were analyzed through Grounded Theory techniques specified by Glaser (1978).
In regard to the characteristics of participation, the results indicated that their continuous participation in the Texas Renaissance Festival displays qualities of serious leisure: 1) identification; 2) long-term career; 3) unique ethos; 4) significant personal effort; 5) perseverance; and 6) durable personal benefits. As they become more seriously involved in the festival participation, they tend to be a part of a well-integrated subculture of which prominent values include personal freedom, hedonism, and anti-materialism. The experiences constructed through the serious festival participation were reminiscent of tourism existential authenticity specified by Wang (1999) as two levels: intrapersonal authenticity (gaining ones true self) and interpersonal authenticity (gaining true human relationship). A search of such authentic experiences at the festival seems to be partly driven by the perceived alienation in everyday life.
When these aspects were examined from an interpretive and meaning-based approach, attending the festival in a serious manner is not just a simple matter of escaping from the reality (e.g., alienation) of everyday life, but is an active quest for an alternative to their lives at home as many indicated. Thus, the serious participation in a tourism activity such as the Texas Renaissance Festival could be best understood as a dynamic process of attaining existential state of Being in response to diverse sociocultural conditions. Several significant theoretical propositions were made based on the results derived from this study. Additionally, marketing and management implications associated with staging tourism events and festivals were discussed.
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Annie, Jakobsson. "Is This the Real Deal? : Authenticity for a True Heritage Experience." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100201.
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This paper aims to explore and understand how locals and tourists perceive authenticity on a truly authentic heritage site. The empirical study was conducted with a sample of Scandinavians and South Africans that had or had not visited the heritage site in Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. The result indicated a correlation between authenticity and heritage experience. The most interesting finding was however when heritage was positioned somewhere else but the individuals' home countries. These findings provide insight into the ways tourists and locals perceive authenticity and the demand for heritage tourism and true authenticity, which highlights the importance of authenticity in tourism destinations.
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Elf, Donaldson Evelina. "Visitor Perceptions of Authenticity and Commodification in Easter Island Cultural Heritage Tourism : Pride and Empowerment of the Rapanui." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412194.
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This study sought to analyze tourist perceptions of cultural heritage tourism on Easter Island, more specifically, how they perceived and valued the concept of ‘authenticity’ in representations of local Rapanui culture. By analyzing and categorizing trends found in Trip Advisor reviews left for 6 tourism businesses on the island (3 traditional performance venues and 3 guided tour companies), this primary research question was further broken down to assess 1) what factors in particular render an experience valuable and authentic to the tourist, 2) how tourists perceive indigenous Rapanui’s relationship to their own culture in the context of cultural tourism, and 3) if they perceive the industry as exploiting or empowering the Rapanui people. Ultimately the study uncovered the tendency for tourists to look to the transmitters of culture themselves (i.e. local performers, guides, company owners) when assessing the value and authenticity of their cultural experience, taking into account the transmitter’s indigenous heritage, cultural pride, knowledgeability, and openness and eagerness to share their culture with visitors (evident by the perceived passion with which they performed, or the personal storytelling and friendship evident in the guide-guest relationship). In addition to constructing value and authenticity, these qualities left visitors with the impression that local Rapanui are empowered by the industry and have agency over the manner in which their culture is showcased. The tourist’s search for meaning was also an important finding, as the majority either appreciated direct explanations about island culture and history, or created their own meaning when none was provided. While the scope of this study was limited to Easter Island, it has implications that may be applied to other destinations with indigenous, cultural tourism, as it very much speaks to the value that tourists place on cultural pride and preservation, community-based grassroots tourism, a desire for meaning and explanation, and consideration for the tourist’s own impact on the destination.
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Chhabra, Deepak. "Heritage tourism : an analysis of perceived authenticity and economic impact of the Scottish Highland Games in North Carolina /." VIEW WEB VERSION VIEW RELATED WEB ITEM, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-54361415410121341/etd.pdf.
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Bailey, Chelsea. "Exploring narrative transportation in a literary heritage tourism context : the role and influence of authenticity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103279/.
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The primary focus of this thesis is the development of narrative transportation theory. Narrative transportation has been acknowledged as the immersive experience associated with reading for pleasure. This was later extended to include re-enactments (Escales, 2004), media (Green, Brock and Kaufman, 2004), education (Moyer-Guse, 2008), video games (Baranowski et al., 2008) and social media (Van Laer and De Ruyter, 2010). This discussion, whilst interesting, has failed to explore the full depth of application of the theory. As such, this thesis seeks to explore the conceptual breadth of the concept and offers support for an extension of the current conceptualisation. Insights from the well-developed field of authenticity will be used to enhance the discussion on and understanding of narrative transportation. Whilst there has been much discussion on the conceptualisation of authenticity (Pearce and Moscardo, 1985; Handler and Saxton, 1988; Bruner, 1994; Selwyn, 1996a, 1996b; Wang, 1999), there has been less exploration into visitor perceptions of authenticity and how the form of authenticity influences the visitor experience. The thesis seeks to explore narrative transportation and its conceptual breadth of application by investigating the motivations for visiting literary heritage sites and the interactions that occur amongst visitors. Specifically, the research focuses on the antecedents affecting participation, the resulting impact on engagement and the post-experience evaluation. The research adopts a case-study approach and utilises access at two literary attractions. One of these, Shakespeare’s Birthplace, is internationally known; the other, Sarehole Mill, is associated with J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. The findings are informed by a two-year period of data collection, including an archival search, a document analysis, semi-structured interviews and small focus groups. The findings offer a full understanding of the variables that affect engagement and participation at literary heritage sites amongst a range of participants. The primary contributions of this study are to the development of narrative transportation theory. Narrative-transportation theory has been reconceptualised as cyclical – not linear, as previously suggested – and new elements have been identified, including a post-narrative-transportation effect. Several insights into the supporting theory of authenticity have also emerged; namely, elected authenticity, the role of costumed guides as a tangible hybrid, and a new perspective on the relationship between alienation and the search for the authentic. The development of the dual longitudinal focus-group approach offers a new development and dimension for discussion within the methodology literature. The relevance of these findings extends beyond the literary heritage setting to the wider tourism industry and service sector, where brand stories, identities and engagement with consumers are crucial.
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Xie, Philip Feifan. "Authenticating Cultural Tourism: Folk Villages in Hainan, China." Thesis, Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, 2001. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/fxie2001.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo, 2001.<br>"A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Planning". Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfiche format.
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Pihl, Lina. "Drömmen om The West : Bildanalys av företaget Swansons kataloger från 2002 och 2009." Thesis, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2522.
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<p>This study has been about the representation of the Swedish tourism company Swanson’s. They do trips in US and every year they do a brochure with many pictures. The objective of my study is to look how pictures help to constructs places. Its often problem with pictures because sometimes they are constructs. In this way when people look at pictures they think the destination looks like the pictures. In the brochures I want to see what it is for pictures and through that see what kind of representation Swanson’s give of US. I have done both a quantitative and a qualitative research. For do a quantitative research I count all pictures in the both brochures and place them in 25 categories. To get a comprehensive picture of the result I interview a representing from Swanson’s. I analyzed some pictures too in the both brochures, together with the academic benchmarks. The conclusion of the study is that Swanson’s gives an American feeling from the pictures and a spirit from the Wild West. Many of the pictures are pictures of cowboys, native Indians and big, magnificent nature pictures. Other pictures are things that represent US, for example the Statue of Liberty. The tourist can be fooled, because they maybe think that US are like all the pictures in Swanson’s brochures. The authenticity is important for the representation in this way. The authenticity disappears sometimes, because we all know that Indians and cowboy don’t walk on the street today in US. Today we know through TV and internet that native Indians doesn’t exist in theirs genuine clothes and in this way we can accept Swanson’s pictures and dream away.</p>
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Yang, Kaihan. "Spatial-existential authenticity and the production of heterotopia : the case of second homes in China." Thesis, University of Derby, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622898.
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China has achieved extraordinary economic growth since its profound social, political and economic reformation in 1978. Housing and tourism are two manifestations of such growth. However, problems related to the development of housing and tourism have become increasingly severe: environmentally sound rural areas are now the battlefield for the ostensible economic advancement of both sectors; the supposedly beneficial local communities in such areas end up as the sufferers of worsened living conditions; the policymakers, who are self-claimed leaders of the development in benefits of the local communities, are de facto heavily dependent upon the sales of land for tax generation. Under such circumstances, second homes - the intersection between tourism and housing - have emerged as a hot topic for industry participants, researchers and policymakers. The existing body of knowledge, in what is largely Western dominated second homes research, suggests that the key theories, assumptions and conclusions cannot be adapted to explain the development model in China. This is because of China’s unique scale, patterns, and dynamics of economic and socio-political linkages. This research therefore theorises second homes in China based on key space and tourism concepts. This thesis conceptualises second homes on an actual site in China named The Aqua, which is a tourism cluster intentionally constructed around the idea of second homes. The thesis examines the actor groups that are involved in the making of The Aqua, as well as their practice, representation and experience with it. Also, in order to uncover the potential impacts of the Aqua, this research investigates how justice is recognised and practiced between different actor groups. The outcomes of this research include: 1) a new model that visualises the power relations between different actor groups that are involved in the making of the Aqua, 2) a new theory building on Foucault’s heterotopia to help explain why the Aqua was produced as the representation of the imagined Western township, 3) new terms of apotopia and limbotopia as dismissive narratives to unwanted circumstances of tourism place-making, 4) a fresh perspective to examine the potential impacts of second homes through the lens of justice, instead of the traditional dualistic thinking of second homes as the curse or the blessing.
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Fälton, Emelie. "Food and Sustainable Tourism : A study of authenticity and organic food in a customer supply perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för historie-, turism- och medievetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104832.
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The tourism industry has a large impact on the environment’s health and tourists’ behaviours as well as consumption attitudes have an important role. Tourists’ food decisions and engagements in sustainable food could encourage the tourism operators to improve their environmental burdens. This essay investigates the experience of organic food as a part of the sustainable development within the tourism industry. A dualistic authenticity framework has been applied and a method to measure and analyse perceived authenticity has been drawn from the literature. Questionnaires were handed out to the guests and the staff at two Swedish hotels. The results revealed that there are several dimensions in the meeting between the customers and the operators that arrange food experiences in touristic contexts. There is an interest for the question of organic food as a part of the environmental sustainable development, both relative to the contemporary tourism industry and for the future convention to a more sustainable development in the tourism industry. The results presented that organic food is experienced as a central concept that could be a part of and have an important role for the future sustainable development within the tourism industry. An important part of this is the importance to be aware of the meeting between the customers and the operators. Sweden has a potential to accomplish a more sustainable tourism industry in the future, but more research and educations with focus on the subject needs to be made.
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Marchaza, Lauren Marie. "Selling Authenticity: The Role of Zuni Knifewings and Rainbow Gods in Tourism of the American Southwest." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180626964.
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Sjöstrand, Johan. "Cultivating authenticity : Perceptions of Zanzibari culture and history within the heritage management of Stone Town." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-105277.
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The aim of this thesis is to acquire a deeper understanding of the relationship betweenheritage management, the tourism industry and perceptions of authenticity in the worldheritage site of Stone Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania. This is a case study within the field ofheritage studies with a focus on planning and the production of authenticity. In this study Iintend to shed light on the ideas and perceptions on authenticity that shapes the conservationand promotion of the world heritage of Stone Town. Furthermore I wish to examine how thetourists in Stone Town interact and relates to this imagery. This study contains number ofqualitative interviews with planners, heritage officials, policy-makers and tourists in StoneTown who gives their perspective on culture, history and perceptions on authenticity. Theconcept of authenticity will be discussed using a constructivistic approach in order to revealinherent power relations within Zanzibari interpretations on authenticity. One of the keyfindings in this study is that the focus on historic cosmopolitanism, which is seen as a majorpart of the Zanzibari heritage, is believed to be threatened by new influences from heritagetourism and immigration from East Africa. This results in a exclusionary policy-making andnarrow perspectives on Zanzibari culture.
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Rowland, Monica. "Menendez versus Mickey : a study of heritage tourism in Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001618.
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Miranda, Maureira Teresa. "Living with tourism : Perspectives of Indigenous communities in Québec, Canada." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247422.
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This study focuses on the transformation process and reshaping of Indigenous tourism in Québec, Canada, using an ethnographic approach and methods. The central aim is to understand how Indigenous communities are affected by the development of Indigenous tourism and how they deal with this development. Three concepts are elaborated upon: resilience, performance of authenticity and representation of territory. The present study aims to show that these concepts are interconnected and crucial to the discussion of sustainable development. In this study it is important to not merely view Indigenous peoples as people affected by tourism but primarily as individuals who are involved in shaping Indigenous tourism in their communities. This work discusses a process in which society, communities and the Indigenous tourism industry are changing and transforming. I have shown how the dimensions of sustainable development can interact with place-specific conditions and are of importance for the Indigenous communities in Québec.
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MAGRIN, FEDERICO. "A value, a choice, a motivational force: the quest for authenticity in tourism through the lens of sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/331441.
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La ricerca dell'autenticità negli studi sul turismo è stata una delle questioni più interessanti e controverse per molti studiosi di diverse discipline. A partire dalla diffusione del turismo di massa, nei primi anni 60, passando per le trasformazioni del turismo avvenute nel corso degli ultimi decenni e gli importanti cambiamenti che hanno caratterizzato il mondo contemporaneo, l'attenzione per ciò che è autentico per il turista è stata oggetto di grande attenzione. Gli studi si sono sviluppati al fine di comprendere il comportamento dei turisti, le motivazioni dietro le loro scelte, e la relazione tra turisti e loro esperienze di viaggio.
Il discorso sociologico sull'autenticità è stato iniziato da Dean MacCannell all'interno di un quadro più ampio riguardante il rapporto tra turismo e modernità, ma negli anni è diventato più sofisticato con l’adozione di chiavi di lettura differenti: l'esperienza dell’autenticità e l'autenticità di un luogo, l'autenticità della conoscenza e l'autenticità delle sensazioni. Il discorso sull'autenticità è sempre stato strettamente legato alla dimensione della cultura, dell'incontro delle culture, dello scambio culturale e del rispetto della diversità. Inoltre, l'autenticità è diventata una qualità, e la sua espressione, artificiosa o naturale, continua ad essere un discorso aperto, che riguarda, tra gli altri, la sostenibilità e il turismo sostenibile.
Recentemente la sostenibilità è emersa come un obiettivo primario nel processo decisionale relativo al turismo. Gli attori del settore turistico, compresi i turisti e le comunità locali, sono ora molto più consapevoli dell'importanza della sostenibilità nel turismo rispetto al passato. Varie istituzioni, tra cui l'UNWTO, hanno dichiarato che il turismo deve diventare uno strumento efficace per lo sviluppo sostenibile per il raggiungimento degli SDGs.
Così, diventa cruciale chiarire come il concetto di autenticità, che ancora rappresenta una spinta significativa nelle scelte turistiche, si stia trasformando e stia penetrando nelle definizioni e pratiche del turismo sostenibile, con implicazioni tanto per le comunità ospitanti, quanto per i turisti e per l'industria del turismo.
Partendo da una ricerca bibliografica e dall'analisi delle convergenze tra i due termini, l'obiettivo dello studio è quello di guardare, oggi, all'autenticità e alla sua ricerca attraverso le lenti della sostenibilità, con un focus sulle implicazioni per le comunità ospitanti e per l'industria del turismo.
Prendendo in considerazione gli obiettivi della ricerca la sfida è stata quella di scegliere un metodo che permettesse di raccogliere le riflessioni degli esperti sull’oggetto di studio. Inoltr, la particolare situazione dovuta all'epidemia ha compromesso la possibilità di pianificare una ricerca sul campo e di spostarsi da un paese all'altro per raccogliere opinioni attraverso metodologie qualitative che richiedono una profonda interrelazione con i partecipanti allo studio.
Come risultato di questa situazione, in relazione all'obiettivo della ricerca e ai fattori esogeni, è stata identificata una metodologia qualitativa appropriata, il metodo Delphi.
La ricerca Delphi ha inteso esplorare la relazione tra autenticità e sostenibilità negli studi sul turismo; fornire gli elementi per osservare e delineare il concetto di autenticità attraverso la lente della sostenibilità; indagare se la ricerca di autenticità favorisce o impatta negativamente sulla sostenibilità; e guardare alle implicazioni per gli attori del turismo.
Alla fine, si propone un'interpretazione di questa relazione che guarda alla ricerca di autenticità come una ricerca di sostenibilità, valorizzando il ruolo del turismo verso il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di sostenibilità e verso pratiche per lo sviluppo sostenibile.<br>The quest for authenticity in tourism studies has been on of the most interesting and controversial issue for many scholars from different disciplines. Starting from the diffusion of mass tourism, in the early 60s, passing through tourism transformations that occurred over the decades, alongside the important changes that have characterized the contemporary world, the attention for what is authentic for tourist has been highly investigated. This attention was taken in order to understand the behaviours of tourists, the motivational forces behind their choices and the relation between tourists and their travel experiences.
The sociological discourse of authenticity was initiated by Dean MacCannell within a broader framework regarding the relationship between tourism and modernity but over the years became more sophisticated with the introduction of some distinctions: the experience of authenticity and the authenticity of a place, the authenticity of knowledge and the authenticity of feeling. The discourse on authenticity has always been strictly connected with the dimension of culture, meeting cultures, cultural exchange and respect of diversity. Moreover, authenticity became a quality, and its expression, contrived or natural, continues to be an open discourse, that concerns, among others, sustainability and sustainable tourism.
Recently sustainability has emerged as a primary goal in tourism-related decision-making. Stakeholders in the tourism sector, including tourists and host communities, are now considerably more aware of the importance of sustainability in tourism than they were in the past. Institutions, as UNWTO, have declared that tourism has to become an effective tool for sustainable development for SDGs achievement.
Thus, it becomes crucial to clarify how the concept of authenticity, which is still a significant drive in tourism, is being transformed and is penetrating in sustainable tourism definitions and practices, both for hosts, for tourists, and for tourism industry.
Starting from this literature review and the analysis of the convergences among the two terms, the aim of the research is to look, nowadays, at authenticity and its quest with the lens of sustainability, with a focus on the implications both for host community and tourism industry.
Taking into consideration the objectives of the research and given the opportunity to apply a qualitative methodology, the challenge has been to choose a method that allows us to bring together the reflections of experts on the topic of the research. Beyond this, the peculiar situation due the pandemic outbreak has compromised the opportunity to plan a field research and to move from one country to another in order to gather opinions by means of qualitative methodologies that need a deep interrelation with the participants of the study.
As a result of this situation, in relation to the aim of the research and of exogenous factors, an appropriate qualitative methodology has been identified, the Delphi method.
The Delphi research has intended to explore the relation between authenticity and sustainability in tourism studies; to provide the elements to observe and outline the concept of authenticity through the lens of sustainability; to investigate if the quest for authenticity contribute or detract from sustainability; and the implications for tourism actors.
Finally it is proposed an interpretation of this relationship that looks at the quest for authenticity as a quest for sustainability, enhancing the role of tourism towards the achievement of sustainable objectives and sustainable development.
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Hong, Ellen. "Understanding the Antecedents of Perceived Authenticity to Predict Cultural Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: The Case of Cambodia’s Angkor Wat." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1620270040944891.
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Andersson, Emma, and Therese Oscarsson. "Upplev som en filmturist : En inventering av svenska filmturisters motivationer som ligger till grund för besök på filmdestinationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100306.
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This paper is an inventory of the general motivations of Swedish film tourists. The paper is based on a quantitative research survey to gain insight from Swedish film tourists in the matter of what it is in movies that are motivating them to travel. The motivations behind film tourists visiting film destinations in a qualitative perspective, are storytelling, authenticity, film tourists gaze and fandom. By travelling to film destinations tourists takes part of magical tourism experiences. The paper has a deductive view point to the subject of film tourists and the results from the survey are collected from communities on Facebook called Harry Potter-fans in Sweden, Star Wars Sweden and The lord of the ring-fans in Sweden. The result from the survey shows that Swedish film tourists from these communities are motivated by the terms of storytelling, authenticity, film tourists gaze and fandom and that they are all experiencing something extraordinary when they travel because of movies. The motivations are also the foundation and the general aspect of travelling to film destinations, which either push or pull the film tourists towards the film destinations.
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Havelková, Libuše. "Cestovní ruch a kulturní dědictví UNESCO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72169.
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The aim of my diploma work is to evaluate the positives and negatives of the inclusion of tourist attractions, especially municipalities and their attractiveness to the UNESCO list, with examples from the Czech Republic, possibly also abroad. Our country is very rich in historical monuments. The most important of them are inscribed on the UNESCO list. After the Velvet Revolution tourism sharply increased, which resulted in not only the positives, but also negatives. Many dangers of unregulated tourism appeared. Management of tourist destinations must suppress the negative impacts of tourism on attractions and to ensure their sustainable development. I demonstrate this at the towns Telč and Český Krumlov.
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Persson, Martina, and Rashid Yakhyaev. "Autenticitet inom backpacking : En studie som undersöker autenticitet och hedonism inom backpacking." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38687.
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Denna studie undersöker autenticitet och hedonism inom backpacking. Postmodernismen har lett till en homogenisering gällandede destinationer som backpackers besöker och aktiviteter de utför. Autentiska upplevelser blir således svårare att hitta samt urskilja på grund av den rådande massturismen. Denna studie mäter svenska backpackers uppfattningar och beteenden gällande autenticitet, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som besvaras av 203 respondenter. Datainsamlingen presenteras i form av tabeller samt beskrivande text och analyseras med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk som innefattar autenticitet, backpacking, hedonism samt välmående. Resultatet visar att svenska backpackers uppfattningar samt beteende har störst koppling till existentiell autenticitet och att den hedonistiska njutningen är en del av den moderna backpackern.<br>This study explores authenticity and hedonism in backpacking. Postmodernism has led to a homogenization in regards to the destinations that backpackers visit and the activities they perform. Authentic experiences are thus much more difficult to find and discern due to the prevailing mass tourism. This study measures Swedish backpacker's perceptions and behaviors regarding authenticity, using a questionnaire survey that is answered by 203 participants. Data collection is presented in the form of tables and descriptive text that is analyzed using a theoretical framework which includes authenticity, backpacking, hedonism and well-being. The result shows that Swedish backpacker's perceptions and behaviors are most closely linked to existential authenticity and that hedonistic enjoyment is part of the modern backpacker.
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Le, Anh thu. "Le Vietnam : une destination touristique kitsch ? Exemple de la station climatique : Dalat." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG1200.
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En 1995, l’administration américaine sous la présidence Clinton a officiellement levé les blocages dans les échanges avec le Vietnam. A partir de ce repère important, le pays est devenu la nouvelle destination ayant attiré les touristes étrangers pour le découvrir. La beauté des paysages divers, l’art culinaire et l’hospitalité de la communauté locale étaient des points d’intérêt qui ont permis au Vietnam de développer le tourisme. Plus de deux décennies venant de passer, en observant ces activités touristiques actuelles du pays, nous constatons que les trois atouts ci-dessus ne demeurent plus aussi authentiques ni sincères qu’ils ne l’étaient au début. Ils sont artificialisés, mélangés et exotisés pour répondre aux demandes des touristes, notamment des touristes domestiques.Ce contexte nous a poussé à mener ce travail de recherche pour essayer de comprendre comment, pourquoi et de quelle(s) manière(s) le Kitsch a pu imprégner petit à petit la vie quotidienne et l’esprit des Vietnamiens. A présent, il devient un phénomène social amplifié par les médias et les réseaux sociaux. L’emploi du Kitsch est considéré comme un des moyens soft que la gouvernance communiste utilise pour réparer les dégâts causés par les décennies de guerres. Cependant, à long terme, sera-t-il toujours un outil aussi efficace dans la mise en tourisme de la destination Vietnam en général, et de la station climatique de Dalat – notre étude de cas – en particulier ?<br>In 1995, the American administration under B. Clinton officially ended trade embargoand removed the economic blockage with Vietnam. As of this major key point, the countrybecame a new destination to discover, attracting tourists worldwide. The beauty of its diverselandscapes, the culinary art and the hospitality of the local community were the mainadvantages that helped Vietnam to develop its tourism sector. More than two decades later,when observing the current tourism activities of the country, we realize that the abovementioned three are no longer as authentic as they were at the beginning. They are artificialized,mixed and “exotized” to meet the diverse demands of domestic tourists.This context urged us to conduct the present research attempting to understand how,why and in which way(s) the Kitsch was able to gradually immerse in the daily life and in theminds of Vietnamese people. It currently becomes a social phenomenon amplified by the mediaand the social networks. The use of Kitsch is considered as a soft remedy that the Communistgovernance applies to relieve the damage caused during the decades of wars. However, on thelong term, will it still be an effective tool in the tourism development of the destination Vietnamin general, and of the climatic health resort of Dalat – our case study – in particular?
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Han, Feng. "The Chinese view of nature : tourism in China's scenic and historic interest areas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16480/1/Feng_Han_Thesis.pdf.
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Tourism has greatly increased world wide in recent decades, especially in China.
Nature-dominated Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, representative of the Chinese philosophy of the 'oneness of nature and human beings', are the most popular tourism destinations in China. Tourism impacts in these areas have been receiving the attention of heritage landscape conservation. Management actions have largely been determined with an emphasis on natural values. This thesis maintains that values relating to nature are socially and culturally constructed, and that they dynamically change through history. By investigating the social and cultural structures underpinning values related to nature, a macro-history method has been applied to explore the traditional Chinese View of nature from traditional Chinese philosophies and landscape cultures. An instrumental case study method has been applied to explore the contemporary Chinese values of nature. The relationships between traditional values and contemporary values have been identified. It was found that the traditional Chinese values still have a profound influence today, although many aspects have been distorted. Historic high culture in natural areas has been replaced by mass tourism culture and Western values. The research also found that today's values are more socially and politically contested. It has been revealed that there are deep social, cultural, economic and political roots underlying heritage conservation management actions. Changing and contested values have been interpreted from these perspectives. The values inherent in the Chinese View of nature, such as holistic philosophical perspectives, sophisticated Chinese landscape languages, and evolving living landscapes, have been identified. The contributions of these values to relevant theories of environmental philosophy, cultural landscape, national park tourism and heritage conservation have been identified by this research. The implications for multi-cultural dialogues in heritage landscape conservation have been addressed.
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Han, Feng. "The Chinese view of nature : tourism in China's scenic and historic interest areas." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16480/.
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Tourism has greatly increased world wide in recent decades, especially in China. Nature-dominated Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, representative of the Chinese philosophy of the 'oneness of nature and human beings', are the most popular tourism destinations in China. Tourism impacts in these areas have been receiving the attention of heritage landscape conservation. Management actions have largely been determined with an emphasis on natural values. This thesis maintains that values relating to nature are socially and culturally constructed, and that they dynamically change through history. By investigating the social and cultural structures underpinning values related to nature, a macro-history method has been applied to explore the traditional Chinese View of nature from traditional Chinese philosophies and landscape cultures. An instrumental case study method has been applied to explore the contemporary Chinese values of nature. The relationships between traditional values and contemporary values have been identified. It was found that the traditional Chinese values still have a profound influence today, although many aspects have been distorted. Historic high culture in natural areas has been replaced by mass tourism culture and Western values. The research also found that today's values are more socially and politically contested. It has been revealed that there are deep social, cultural, economic and political roots underlying heritage conservation management actions. Changing and contested values have been interpreted from these perspectives. The values inherent in the Chinese View of nature, such as holistic philosophical perspectives, sophisticated Chinese landscape languages, and evolving living landscapes, have been identified. The contributions of these values to relevant theories of environmental philosophy, cultural landscape, national park tourism and heritage conservation have been identified by this research. The implications for multi-cultural dialogues in heritage landscape conservation have been addressed.
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Buchmann, Anne-Kristina. "In the footsteps of the fellowship : understanding the expectations and experiences of Lord of the rings tourists on guided tours in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/145.
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This study seeks to gain an insight into the experiences Lord of the Rings tourists have on guided tours in New Zealand and the role of the tour guide(s) in that experience. The study examines motivations, expectations, actual experience and its evaluation and the role of the tour leader and guides. By drawing primarily on the results of qualitative research that examined the experience of film tourists and other people involved in the film tourism industry over a span of three years, I identified underlying motivations involved in the production and consumption of film tourism. The study found that pre-tour images of Lord of the Rings and its publicity surrounding the making of the films play a significant role in the formation of film tourists' expectations. The emotional relationship towards the films and the novel by J.R.R. Tolkien had motivated film tourists to seek a meaningful and sincere experience. Furthermore, the film and its making as discussed on the DVDs, further publicised myths like the authenticity of the film production itself and the experience of great meaning for one's personal life. Consequently, the study found that most film tourists put a high significance on the sincerity of the relationships within the tour community and with the tour leader and guide(s). The film location visit itself was experienced as highly rewarding but was significantly enhanced by the presence of the tour community ('fellowship'), reenactments and the physical presence on site. This embodiment was crucial for the overall experience as it further authenticated the location visit but also the journey itself as a worthy and spiritual endeavour. It was shown that the New Zealand image of 'green', 'clean' and 'exotic otherness' has been reinforced by multiple media portraits and matches many aspects of the Middle-earth image. All film tourists judged the use of New Zealand for the portrayal of Middle-earth as 'authentic' even if they knew about J.R.R. Tolkien's British background. Furthermore, they judged their film tourism experience as authentic even though the locations were used in a fictional setting. Thus the notions of object authenticity was explored and replaced with the concepts of existential authenticity and sincerity to shift the focus towards the active process of negotiation of authenticity in the tourism experience. To understand tourists' behaviour and motivation, notions of 'spirituality' and 'pilgrimage' were also employed. The study tourists undertook a meaningful and spiritually significant journey that was enhanced through the experience of embodiment and community which suggested parallels between the religious pilgrim and the secular film tourist. Both are on a meaningful journey to distant places and follow scripted guidelines while also creating their own experience. Embodiment played an important role. Furthermore, film tourists sought the community of other believers and were willing to 'follow in the footsteps' of film stars and crew when choosing which film locations and eateries to visit as they sought places that had attained an 'aura'.
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Nguyen, Thi Hong Lam. "Cultural sustainability and resilience in the context of tourism : A case study of Hue, Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445256.
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Cultural heritage confronts the notion of change, both in the development process and in the tourism context. In the tourism context, as being used as a unique selling point, it is unavoidable that cultural heritage facing commercialisation and commodification, or even vulgarisation due to being forced to change to meet the market demand and tourists’ expectations. Hence, the question is, if changing is inevitable, what are the potential risks that cultural heritage might face in the tourism context, and how to maintain its significance, which are attractions for tourists in the first place? The overall aim of the study was to use the notion of change as a lens to investigate the concept of authenticity as well as the relation between sustainability and resilience in culture. The study's objectives approached based on a qualitative method, with semi-structured interviews focusing on the perspective of the cultural heritage community – a group of people who work closely with cultural heritage - local community, practitioners, researchers, authorised agency, and tourism stakeholders. Concerning cultural heritage's interpretation based on its existing definition, the intertwined and interdependent relationship between the tangible and intangible aspects of cultural heritage was investigated. An authentication process was introduced. Resilience thinking in culture was given as proposals. In this study, a case study in Hue, Vietnam with two examples – Nhã nhạc (the court music) and áo dài (long dress or tunic) were examined regarding the notion of change in relation to the concept of authenticity, sustainability and resilience.
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Truong, Thi Lan Huong. "Quelle place pour la typicité locale et l'authenticité dans l'expérience touristique : le cas de Dalat, station de montagne au Vietnam Exploiting local distinctiveness in tourism product development: the case of Dalat, Vietnam Destination distinctiveness: Concept, measurement, and impact on tourist satisfaction Integrating destination’s distinctiveness into local suppliers’ touristic offer La place des espaces ruraux périphériques dans la construction par et pour le tourisme de l’identité de la région de Dalat (Vietnam)." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1189.
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La ressource territoriale, parce qu'elle permet de réactiver l'identité locale, et constitue un objet d'action locale, peut être considérée comme un construit social qui participe à la reconstruction et à la spécification de la destination touristique, qui ajoute de la valeur et contribue à des expériences mémorables pour les touristes. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre le rôle et la place que jouent la typicité locale et l’authenticité dans les expériences des touristes. Cette thèse présente la particularité de se situer au croisement de la géographie du tourisme, de la sociologie compréhensive et de l’économie territoriale.Le recours à l'approche pluridisciplinaire favorise un regard croisé sur la typicité locale et l’authenticité et sur leur place dans le cadre d’un processus de construction de l’identité territoriale auquel participent différents acteurs du tourisme. Les expériences touristiques seront envisagées des deux côtés : côté de l’offre et côté de la demande.Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse a éclairci le concept de typicité locale (local distinctiveness) en analysant ses relations avec l’authenticité et l’identité locale ou territoriale dans la logique du développement territorial en lien avec le tourisme. Cette étude propose aussi un cadre conceptuel de la notion d’expérience touristique globale de la destination en comparant les points de vue de l’offre et de la demande. Un cadre d’analyse de la gouvernance territoriale autour de la construction identitaire basée sur la typicité locale apporte une perspective de valorisation de la ressource territoriale spécifique en tourisme. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette thèse propose une échelle de mesure sous forme d’une grille d’identification avec des méthodes standardisées pour repérer, identifier et évaluer les caractères et attributs potentiellement typiques d’une destination qui s’ajoute à la littérature croissante consacrée aux attributs des destinations touristiques.L’application empirique se fait à travers une étude de cas en profondeur de la ville de Dalat, station de montagne de la partie méridionale du Vietnam, fondée dès l’époque coloniale, en mobilisant différentes sources de données. Elle montre le rôle et la place de la typicité locale et de l’authenticité dans les expériences touristiques de destination. Le fait d’analyser les différentes stratégies de valorisation de la typicité locale dans le processus de construction identitaire reposant sur la préservation et l'intensification des éléments physiques, la diversification des activités humaines (y compris touristiques) et la construction de l’image, à travers différentes période de développement de la ville, apporte des évidences empiriques pour le modèle conceptuel proposé concernant la gouvernance territoriale<br>The territorial resource, by reactivating the local identity, and constituting the local action object, can be considered as a social construct that participates in the reconstruction and the specification of the destination which adds value and contributes to memorable tourism experience. The aim of this thesis is to understand the role and the place that local distinctiveness and authenticity play in the tourist experience. This thesis presents the peculiarity of being at the crossroads of the geography of tourism, of comprehensive sociology and of the territorial economy. The use of the multidisciplinary approach favors a cross-examination of local distinctiveness and authenticity and their place in the process of constructing territorial identity with the participation of various tourism stakeholders. Tourism experiences will be considered from both sides: supply side and demand side.Concerning theoretical insights, this thesis has clarified the concept of local distinctiveness by analyzing its relationship with authenticity and local or territorial identity in the logic of territorial development in relation to tourism. In addition, this study provides a conceptual framework of the notion of the destination's overall tourism experience by comparing the supply and demand perspectives. A framework of territorial governance analysis around the construction of identity based on the local distinctiveness brings a perspective of valorization of the specific territorial resource in tourism.Methodologically, this thesis proposes a measurement scale in the form of an identification grid with standardized methods to identify, identify and evaluate potential typical characters of a destination in order to figure out the most unique and distinctive attributes, which adds to the growing literature devoted to destination attributes.The empirical application through an in-depth case study of Dalat city, a mountain resort in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, founded in the colonial era, by mobilizing different data sources, has shown the role and the place of local distinctiveness and authenticity in destination tourist experiences. The analysis of the different strategies of valorization of the local distinctiveness in the process of construction of identity through the preservation and the intensification of the physical elements, the diversification of the human activities (including tourism) and the construction of the destination image through different historical periods of the city provides empirical evidences for the proposed conceptual framework concerning the territorial governance
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Hellsten, Rebecka, and Maria Cylvén. "Bilden av Sápmi : Hur framställning av kultur inom turism kan påverka en ursprungsbefolknings identitet och autenticitet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36758.
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I denna uppsats ville vi undersöka hur den samiska kulturen representeras inom turism I Sverige. Vi utgick från fyra relevanta teman; dessa var autenticitet, identitet, makt och turism. Frågeställningarna var: Hur framställs den samiska kulturen i turismsammanhang i Sápmi? Hur påverkas den samiska identiteten av hur kulturen framställs inom turismnäringen? Hur mycket får samerna själva vara med och bestämma när det kommer till hur kulturen framställs inom turismnäringen? Vi började med att se över den samiska befolkningens historia. Det är viktigt att förstå hur de har behandlats förr för att kunna förstå varför saker och ting är som de är idag. Teorierna som användes i denna studie hanterar frågor om kulturell representation inom turism, vad det gör med människors identitet samt vad som verkligen menad med autentisk representation. En del teorier är också knutna till maktrelationer, vilket uttrycks i ämnen som handlar om ”Vi” kontra ”Dem”. Dessa teorier utgör en lins som ger en djupare och bredare förståelse av de problem som lyfts och kontextualiseras i den empiriska delen av uppsatsen. Vi samlade in vårt empiriska data genom intervjuer med människor involverade i turismindustrin. Vi gjorde även en kompletterande strukturerad observation genom att besöka några samiska utställningar och museum. En viktig slutsats som vi kom fram till är att den samiska befolkningen vill och måste bli mer involverade i hur de representeras av turismindustrin. Samisk turism kan bli en stor inkomstkälla för samerna men de behöver mer statlig finansiering. Förståelsen för kulturen är idag relativt liten, delvis på grund av att industrier som turism ofta använder en stereotypisk bild när de framhäver samer. Mycket kan därför fortfarande göras när det kommer till kulturell representation.
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Rebelo, Marta Isabel da Silva Guerreiro. "Análise exploratória dos turistas estrangeiros : o caso dos pastéis de Belém." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11548.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus<br>A importância crescente da globalização faz com que a preservação dos valores culturais seja crítica na determinação da competitividade dos lugares turísticos.
A Antiga Confeitaria de Belém em Lisboa é um símbolo regional de incontestável valor e os pastéis de Belém são, não só uma insígnia regional, mas um doce reconhecido mundialmente.
A presente dissertação explora as motivações e intenções comportamentais dos turistas estrangeiros pelo doce mais conceituado da região de Lisboa, sugerindo o seu impacto na procura turística. Esta dissertação foi baseada numa análise exploratória com recurso a um inquérito elaborado para alcançar os objetivos da investigação. Este inquérito foi realizado a turistas estrangeiros dos cinco continentes que visitaram as instalações da Antiga Confeitaria de Belém. A análise exploratória na sua essência propõe-se avaliar a importância da autenticidade da doçaria regional na satisfação dos turistas estrangeiros.
Os resultados mostram que os turistas estrangeiros preferem produtos típicos quando visitam um local em vez de produtos e marcas internacionais.
Tais resultados foram interpretados com base na literatura do Comportamento do Consumidor, presente em artigos científicos, livros e outros trabalhos de investigação. Também se utilizou como suporte informação relativa aos pastéis de Belém, assim como dados estatísticos relacionados com o turismo.
Tendo em conta a natureza exploratória deste trabalho, os resultados alavancam novas propostas que se espera poderem alimentar futuras investigações.<br>The increasing importance of globalization makes the preservation of the cultural values critical to establish the competitiveness of a tourism destination.
The Antiga Confeitaria de Belém in Lisbon is a regional symbol of incontestable value and the pastéis de Belém are, not only a regional ensign, but a sweet known worldwide.
The present dissertation explores the behavioral motivations and intentions of the foreign tourists for the most renowned sweet of Lisbon region, suggesting its impact in the touristic demand. This dissertation was based on an exploratory analysis from an investigation with a survey designed to achieve the aims of the research and applied to tourists of five continents that visited the Antiga Confeitaria de Belém facilities. The exploratory analysis in its essence proposes to evaluate the authenticity importance of the regional sweets in foreign tourist's satisfaction.
The results show that foreign tourists prefer typical products when they visit a place instead of international products and brands.
Such results were interpreted based on Consumer Behavior literature present in scientific articles, books and other research works. This study was also supported by information about pastéis de Belém, as well statistical data related with tourism.
Considering the exploratory nature of this work, the results leverage new proposals that are expected to nurture future investigations.
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Apchain, Thomas. "« Favela Tours » : la production des altérités touristiques dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB084.
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Cette thèse porte sur le développement de pratiques touristiques des favelas à Rio de Janeiro. À partir d'une enquête ethnographique menée de 2012 à 2017, elle analyse une intensification sans précédent du flux touristique dans ces espaces autrefois attentivement évités par les voyageurs. Devenus de plus en plus courant lors des années 2010, les « favela-tours » divisent. Pour les uns, ils sont le signe d'un tourisme voyeur, transgressant de plus en plus les limites éthiques de la mobilité de loisir. Pour les autres, la visibilité touristique nouvelle des favelas est une prise de conscience et représente un levier pour la reconnaissance culturelle globale d'une catégorie urbaine alors que le stigmate historique reste localement stable. Ces questions, trop souvent, se posent en principe et non en pratique. Cette thèse tente d'établir les tenants et les aboutissants d'un phénomène qui consiste en une inversion symbolique du rapport à la marginalité et à la pauvreté urbaine dont les espaces passent ainsi, par le tourisme, d'un symbole angoissant à l'incarnation d'une altérité authentique. Sans nier pour autant les rapports de forces qui structurent la pratique, elle se fonde sur une vision du tourisme comme générateur d'une situation coconstruite. Mais comment expliquer l'essor des « favela-tours » et qui en est à l'origine ? La réponse est complexe et demande de s'intéresser à un ensemble d'acteurs. Les touristes, évidemment, conjurent dans les favelas, où ils retrouvent une altérité préservée, le rétrécissement d'un monde où ils croisent leurs doubles en permanence. Les guides, qu'ils soient habitants de la favela ou intermédiaires autoproclamés, ne sont pas moins à l'origine de l'attraction des touristes pour la favela. Entrepreneurs de génie ou de circonstance, ils ont su convertir la marginalité en authenticité, valeur centrale de ce tourisme de l'autre. C'est sans oublier que, loin derrière ceux qui se rencontrent dans les favelas, plane l'ombre d'un certain nombre d'acteurs politiques. Dans le contexte de la réception d'événements globaux , l'enjeu des favelas, et de leur visibilité touristique, s'impose aussi à l'État et sa politique de « pacification ». Il est évident qu'à la question des responsables du développement des favela-tours, il n'y ait d'autre réponse que la reconnaissance d'une situation négociée en permanence à travers laquelle chacun, mais sans posséder les mêmes armes, gère les modalités de sa propre globalisation. En effet, plutôt que de considérer que le tourisme et les autres forces à l’œuvre dans cette situation spécifique n'offrent réellement une opportunité de globalisation à la favela, il semble que celle-ci se trouve avant tout transformée en un « bien d'altérité » et un support de globalisation sur lequel chacun déploie ses propres stratégies. En restant centrée sur les « favela-tours », cette thèse analyse d'abord la co-construction de nouvelles représentations, globalisées, de la favela comme catégorie urbaine singulière. Dans cette perspective, elle se situe dans une anthropologie du tourisme qui montre son impact sur la constitution moderne de l'altérité. Enfin, le tourisme dans les favelas nous renseigne peut-être davantage sur un certain état du monde globalisé. Si, pendant longtemps, la conscience et l'expérience du monde sont restées l'affaire de peu, la globalisation s'impose désormais au plus grand nombre selon des modalités variées : comme nécessité, comme obligation subie, comme opportunité, comme désir, comme expérience ou comme fantasme... Autour de la manière dont la catégorie favela est travaillée par l'ensemble des acteurs qui composent cette thèse (touristes, expatriés, étudiants en échange universitaire, habitants, guides, décisionnaires politiques, activistes, journalistes et ethnologues), et avec une focale particulière sur le phénomène touristique, il s'agit de contribuer à l'analyse anthologique des conséquences culturelles de la globalisation<br>This research focusses on the development of tourism in some of Rio de Janeiro's favelas. Based upon an ethnography realized from 2012 to 2017, this dissertation analyses the intensification of tourism activity in those urban spaces that used to be carefully avoided by travellers. As "favela-tours" have become more and more common during the decade of 2010s, they have perpetually raised contrasted opinions. For some, "favela-tours" are the ultimate sign of a voyeuristic tourism that is transgressing ethical frontiers. For others, the new touristic visibility is perceived as an increased awareness and should be considered as a tool for the global cultural recognition of an urban category that is still equally stigmatized at a local scale. This dissertation tries to establish the whys and wherefores of what is to be considered as a phenomenon that reverses globally based relations to favelas from a situation where those spaces used to be a source of anxiety and fear, to one where they now positively embody an authentic alterity. Without neglecting the inequalities that structure the development of the activities, this thesis is rooted in a vision of tourism as generating a negotiated situation. But how could we explain the rise of favela-tours and who could be considered as its main instigators? The answer is complex and demands that we evaluate the role of various actors. Tourists, obviously, seem to use favelas to retrieve a well-preserved alterity and, therefore, cast the spell of a world that seems to shrink and where travellers are always finding images of their own selves. The guides, who can be from the favelas or complete outsiders, are equally responsible of the touristic attractiveness of favelas. It is through their mediation that marginality can be converted to authenticity, that central value of tourism when based on the discovery of alterity. In addition, several political actors must be mentioned. In the context of the organization of numerous mega-events in the city of Rio de Janeiro, favelas also became a political issue and the politic of "pacification" instigated by the federal government must deal with this new global exposure brought by tourism. Therefore, it is obvious that we should emphasize on the negotiated dimension of the situation. Within that situation, it seems that everyone (unequally armed) tries to handle the modality of its own globalization. Rather than considering tourism (and the other forces in play) as a genuine opportunity of globalization for favelas, it seems more accurate to consider that favelas are converted as an "alterity good" and a support over which everyone rolls out their own strategies. While remaining focused on the "favela-tours", this dissertation analyses the co-construction of new and globalized representations of favelas as an urban category. In this perspective, this research is situated within the field of the anthropology of tourism that shows its impact on the modern constitution of alterity. Then, tourism in favelas might be useful to give us information on a specific state of our globalized world. If, for a long time, consciousness and experience of the world has been the matter of a minority, globalization is now something that concern most of us under various modalities: as a necessity, as an obligation, chosen or not, as a desire or a worry, as an experience or a fantasy... Through the way the category favela is affected by each and every one of the various actors that appear in this dissertation and by focusing specifically on tourism, this research aims to contribute to the anthropological analysis of the cultural consequences of globalization
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ATZENI, MARCELLO. "L'autenticità nelle destinazioni turistiche: definizione di un modello consumer-based per la misurazione e lo studio del livello di autenticità percepita di una destinazione turistica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266756.
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This thesis aims to contribute to the scientific debate on the field of authenticity in tourism. In
particular, this research defines and validates a consumer-based model for the study and
measurement of the level of authenticity perceived by tourists of a tourist destination. Findings are
relevant both from a theoretical and a managerial point of view. On the one hand, it contributes to
the debate aimed at defining and measuring the authenticity in tourism. On the other hand, this
study provides an important instrument for tour operators, policy makers and destination marketers.
Indeed, they may use the model for market segmentation and customer profiling to gain useful
information for monitoring and maximizing marketing policies based on authenticity.
In addition, findings may be used to plan and carry out internal marketing actions to sensitize
tourist operators about the importance that the different dimensions of authenticity may have on
tourists' choice behaviour and evaluation.
This thesis has been structured on three chapters, corresponding to three scientific papers
connected to each other.
In particular, the first chapter explores the meaning of authenticity in tourist destinations through
the use of a qualitative approach. Specifically, the study defines the concept of authenticity in a
tourist destination through the analysis of 22 in-depth interviews conducted by the laddering
technique on a sample of 22 tourists during their holidays in Sardinia. The results show that it is
possible to define the concept of authenticity in a tourist destination since the concrete and abstract
attributes perceived to be more relevant for tourists. Further, findings show that is possible to close
off a restricted set of attributes that tourists associate to a destination they perceive as authentic, the
consequences and benefits related to them, proving the existence of a link between attributes,
experience, feelings and positive emotions arising from travel experiences in places perceived as
authentic. The theoretical and managerial implications were drawn based on the study findings, and
recommendations for future researchers were made.
The second chapter aims to develop and validate a set of measurement scales to assess the level
of authenticity perceived by tourists of a tourist destination. The development and validation
process is based on a mixed method approach (exploratory sequential design). A series of studies
suggests that the scale exhibits internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and nomological
validity. Overall, the scales appear to be conceptually sound and psychometrically valid. The work
helps to deepen the knowledge on authenticity in tourist destinations, providing a useful tool to
support destination marketing strategies and policies.
The third and final chapter is focused on the development of a extended model for the study of
authenticity in tourist destinations. Specifically, the study propose a consumer-based model in
which authenticity is a key mediating construct between cultural motivation, attitude, satisfaction
and loyalty. The model is empirically examined by means of a survey conducted on a sample of 524
tourists interviewed at the end of their holidays in Sardegna, one of the most important tourist
destinations of the Mediterranean sea. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation
modelling were performed using LISREL 8.8. Findings indicate that motivation and attitude are
important antecedents of the authenticity, which in turn influences loyalty and, in part, satisfaction.
The managerial and theoretical implications, limitations and recommendations for future
researchers were made.
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ZHANG, TING. "Deciphering urban scenic area in China and Italy among HTC system." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972555.
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Šteflová, Lucie. "Bezpečnost jako významný faktor rozvoje cestovního ruchu v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81618.
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The main objective of this diploma thesis is to analyse the tourism safety situation and the CzechTourism hypothesis: "Czech Republic is a safe destination" for a visit. It is focused on tourism safety and security questions and its main forms, various international safety analysis and reports with emphasis on the situation in Czech Republic. The study of CzechTourism is analysed by means of a direct survey among foreigners and its results lead to the potential development of tourism safety situation in Czech Republic. Finally, the evolution of a situation in Czech Republic is observed according to the different tourism and peace indicators and the direct dependence "safe country / number of arrivals" is investigated.
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Sheedy, Erin. "Performing the Canadian "Mosaic": Juliette Gauthier, Florence Glenn, and the CPR Festivals of Quebec City." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31826.
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The Quebec City festivals of 1927 and 1928 represent a unique instance of close collaboration between prominent figures in Canadian musical and cultural history, John Murray Gibbon and Marius Barbeau. Based on Anglocentric concerns for a unique Canadian identity and corresponding school of composition, the festivals served as points of contact between many artists and performers, including Juliette Gauthier and Florence Glenn. An analysis of specific performances at the CPR festivals and over the course of Glenn and Gauthier’s respective careers showcase how racialized attitudes towards Indigenous populations, and the static conceptualization of French-Canadian folk culture were navigated to perform “Canadian folksong.”
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Topínková, Anita. "Noc ve mlýně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232420.
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Loisy, Marine. "La place des habitants dans le tourisme : ethnographie d’une forme de résistance sur le territoire parisien." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0157.
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Depuis quelques années, certaines destinations européennes font face à l’apparition de mouvements contestataires dénonçant les nuisances liées au tourisme. Progressivement, ce phénomène a, en partie, conduit à une mise en lumière des habitants sur les scènes touristiques. Cette thèse examine le cas de la métropole parisienne, qui figure comme une des destinations phares du tourisme mondial. En mettant en perspective l’analyse de ces évolutions et l’émergence d’un tourisme dit « participatif » dans la capitale et dans les départements de proche banlieue, elle examine les places occupées et les rôles joués par les habitants dans l’échiquier touristique parisien. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique multi-située sur le territoire métropolitain, cette recherche s’appuie, notamment, sur l’observation participante et l’entretien semi-directif auprès d’habitants, de professionnels, et de représentants institutionnels et politiques. L’analyse des stratégies d’adaptation des résidents permanents à la présence touristique révèle, ainsi, des formes de protestation contre certaines nuisances, des signes d’accommodation dans leur quotidien et la proposition d’activités et de services tournés vers une quête d’authenticité. Ainsi, ce travail propose d’analyser les manifestations habitantes en miroir des rejets observés dans d’autres villes, comme à Barcelone ou à Venise, et met en lumière un processus de touristification de l’ordinaire. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse dresse un état des lieux du tourisme sur le territoire parisien, entre une destination perçue comme « éternelle » et la naissance de pratiques de résistance habitante. Elle permet de croiser l’examen des situations de cohabitation conflictuelle vécues par les Parisiens et la dimension des enjeux politiques. Elle s’intéresse aussi aux pratiques de participation des habitants, dont l’investissement repose, en partie, sur des choix individuels et sur les stratégies d’acteurs professionnels. Dans un second temps, l’analyse se penche plus particulièrement sur la balade guidée amateur comme dispositif propice à l’observation des interactions entre le visiteur et le visité. L’hypothèse exposée dans cette recherche consiste à examiner la participation habitante dans sa globalité, et cette pratique de balade en particulier, comme des formes de résistance à un tourisme « classique ». Finalement, relevant d’une anthropologie contemporaine des phénomènes touristiques, cette recherche concentre son attention sur les habitants en tant qu’acteurs engagés dans l’accueil, l’orientation, l’hébergement ou le guidage. Elle se penche ainsi sur les images que les visités façonnent de « l’autre de l’Autre », c’est-à-dire d’eux-mêmes<br>In recent years, some European destinations have faced the emergence of protest movements denouncing the nuisances associated with tourism. Gradually, this phenomenon has, in part, brought inhabitants to the forefront of the tourist scene. This thesis examines the case of the Parisian metropolis, which is one of the leading destinations of world tourism. By putting into perspective the analysis of these developments and the emergence of so-called “participatory” tourism in the capital and in the inner suburbs, it examines the places occupied and the roles played by the inhabitants in the Parisian tourist scene. Based on a multi-site ethnographic survey of the metropolitan area, this research is based, in particular, on participant observation and semi-directive interviews with residents, professionals, and institutional and political representatives. The analysis of permanent residents’ adaptation strategies to the tourist presence thus reveals forms of protest against certain nuisances, signs of accommodation in their daily lives and the proposal of activities and services geared towards a quest for authenticity. Thus, this work proposes to analyse the inhabiting manifestations as a mirror of the rejections observed in other cities, such as Barcelona or Venice, and highlights the process of touristification of ordinary places. First, this thesis presents an overview of tourism in Paris, between a destination perceived as “eternal” and the emergence of inhabitant resistance practices. This allows for a cross-examination of conflictual cohabitation situations experienced by Parisians with the dimension of political issues. It also looks at the participation practices of residents, whose investment is based, in part, on individual choices and the strategies of professional actors. In a second step, the analysis focuses more particularly on the amateur guided tour as a device conducive to the observation of interactions between the visitor and the visited. The hypothesis presented in this research consists of an examination of inhabitant participation as a whole, and this practice of walking in particular, as forms of resistance to “classic” tourism. Finally, as part of a contemporary anthropology of tourism phenomena, this research focuses its attention on the inhabitants as actors involved in reception, orientation, accommodation or guidance. In this way, it looks at the images that the visitors form of the “other of the Other”, that is, of themselves
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Maior-Barron, Denise Cristina Ioana. "Petit Trianon and Marie Antoinette : representation, interpretation, perception." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3930.
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This interdisciplinary thesis belongs to Marie Antoinette studies. The contemporary dissonant commodification of the controversial historical character of the last Queen of France, detected at her former home, Petit Trianon, drives the course of the thesis research. Considering the complexity and controversy of the subject, the thesis seeks to make a contribution to extant scholarship by clarifying important modern history issues through a fresh approach: by using art history as an indicator in assessing the historical truth of the narrative of Petit Trianon, the residence identified as home to the last Queen of France. The thesis examines Petit Trianon and Marie Antoinette in the context of four major narratives - the historical, cinematic, architectural and heritage narratives - relevant to the contemporary heritage interpretation of Petit Trianon as well as its visitor perceptions. In addition to sourcing evidence for the arguments originating in art history information, the thesis relies on the data collection provided by a tailor-made survey for the topic, placing the results in the wider context of a hermeneutical interpretation of data found in either history or contemporary popular culture. The array of Marie Antoinette’s images detected by the analysis charts the commodification of this historical character at Petit Trianon: its production and consumption. It is through the assessment of this commodification that the present thesis reveals the misconceptions surrounding the historical character best known as Marie Antoinette. The thesis argues that the true role of the last Queen of France was successfully obscured through juxtaposition with her perception by the French collective memory. In other words, the perception of Marie Antoinette had subverted historical truth. Furthermore, the commodification of her historical character is perpetuated in an endless chain of representations fuelled by postmodern consumerism.
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Wickens, Eugenia. "Tourists' voices : a sociological analysis of tourists' experiences in Chalkidiki, Northern Greece." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325437.
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