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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism and Economic Development'
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1
Ngenzi, Kome Yves. "Perceived barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as a tourist destination." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2121.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.Tourism is regarded as the fastest growing industry in the world. Africa was identified at the World Investment Conference in Geneva (WAIPA, 2005) as one of the continents with a significant potential for developing tourism. Located in sub-Saharan Africa, Rwanda is a low income, landlocked and densely populated country in Africa. Tourism provides the best alternative for economic development to Rwanda which does not have mineral resources unlike most African countries. The development of tourism can contribute a lot to this country through reduction of the level of poverty, creation of job opportunities as well as contributing to the national income. However, the tourism industry in Rwanda is still in its early stages due to the 1994 war. Most of the parks re-opened in 1998/1999, and still concentrate on low volume of tourists. Until now Rwanda is not recognised among the known tourist destinations in Africa; it is believed to be a less developed place for tourists. This study presents barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as perceived by domestic and international tourists as well as workers in the tourism sector of Rwanda. The study was conducted in the four provinces of Rwanda and the capital city, Kigali. A quantitative design using two cross-sectional questionnaires was utilised to establish the opinions of the participants. A sample of 426 participants, including 68 international tourists, 182 domestic tourists as well as 176 workers in the tourism sector was selected to participate in the study.
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Sharpley, Richard A. J. "'Sustainable tourism development' : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268010.
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O'Malley, Jeffrey Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Thai tourism development policy and socio-economic change." Ottawa, 1987.
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Chan, Fung-lin. "Tourism in Shenzhen : an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017743.
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Joseph, Brian A. "Tourism and economic development in the Caribbean comparative advantage deferred /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313917941&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Feng, Xianghong. "Economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in Fenghuang County, China." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/x_feng_062608.pdf.
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Dunn, Alison Mary. "Museum visitors, tourism and local economic development in greater Glasgow." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249870.
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Jamhawi, Monther M. Al-Dahash. "Conservation and tourism : Jordan's post eighteenth century architectural heritage." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247796.
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Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. "Tourism development in transition economies : an evaluation of the development of tourism at a Black sea coastal destination during political and socio-economic transition." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/18828/.
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The present research addresses a gap in the academic literature on the transformation and development of coastal destinations in the transition economy of Bulgaria. It takes further the tradition in tourism studies that calls for the incorporation of the contextual change in the process of destination development. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, and in what ways, the nature of the socio-economic and political transition has influenced the processes of tourism development of a coastal tourism destination in the period 1989-2009 and if the tourism stakeholders have incorporated and implemented the principles of sustainability in the transformation and operation of the tourism sector, with the associated questions of why, why not, and how. In order to answer the research questions, a case study research was undertaken in the Varna-Balchik destination on Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast, which allowed the study of the whole spectrum of developmental processes in the period of transition. Data for the research was collected using a multi-method research approach with a combination of secondary data and primary data gathered using qualitative research techniques including a series of stakeholder interviews and observation. The semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with decision-makers, involved in tourism development in the destination studied at some time over the studied period (1989-2009), from the stakeholder groups at a local, regional and national level. This research employed the path-dependent path-creative approach to analyse the nature of transformation and conceptualise the forces which impact on tourism development on Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast. The research findings indicated that sustainability did not fit well into the rapidly changing CEE transition context. In spite of the increasing empowerment of the local communities and their attempts to achieve balanced development by implementing integrated and long-term planning, the primary data revealed growing concerns over the ineffectiveness of policy-making, the increasing urbanisation of the coastal strip and the competitiveness of Bulgaria‟s North Black Sea coast tourism offer. An analytical framework was developed based on the research findings to explain the specific development path(s) of the destination studied. It took into account the political (politicising), psychological (mentalities), institutional dimensions of transition (property rights, social networks and local empowerment), the role of the state (reduced state intervention) and the individual (human capital). Some of these themes (politicising and mentalities in particular) have been largely absent from previous research on tourism in transition and from the wider tourism studies.
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Sharpe, Marie F. "Tourism in Peru the missing strategy for economic and social development." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FSharpe_Marie.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Kent Eaton. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78). Also available in print.
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Connelly, Greg. "Tourism, economic development and governance : the case of Liverpool 1974-2000." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400392.
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Urban tourism has never been more important, nor the issues it confronts more complex. The aim of this study is to examine the tourism policy process within the context of governance structures and economic restructuring in Liverpool. The thesis argues that to research developments which are creating 'new' forms of urban tourism there is a need to develop a governance perspective through a 'middle-order' theoretical framework, applying key concepts from theories of urban entrepreneurialism proposed by Harvey (1989) and especially, Jessop (1997, 1998) in order to understand the dynamics of local change. The analytical framework was used to review the history of tourism development in Liverpool tracing the origins of tourism organisation since the county of Merseyside was created in 1974. In the period since, the thesis identifies three distinct phases of tourism policy which reflect a response to the legacy of the industrial past and which are indicative of the shift from government to governance. The first phase (1974-1986) represents the beginnings of a tourism industry in Liverpool, signalling a shift from government to governance. The major introduction of tourism to the local economy, in this period, emanated from the establishment of the Merseyside County Council's Tourism Development Office in 1978 and the success of three main Merseyside Development Corporation's initiatives in the early 1980s. These two organisations were the first to initiate policies which encouraged new tourist attractions and thus demonstrated the tourism potential of the city. However, it is the argument of the thesis that the realisation that tourism could make a significant contribution to urban regeneration, in this period, stemmed from a mixture of good reasoning, default and opportunism. The second phase (1986-1994) represents the repositioning of tourism policy on the urban agenda. The response was a proliferation of new agents of governance, and the shift towards public-private partnerships gathered pace as the city increasingly attempted to compete for visitors, investment, jobs and the regeneration of its physical infrastructure. The thesis argues that during this period a space emerged which fitted most comfortably with unlocking resources from higher levels of government and espousing a pro-growth tourism agenda. The final phase (1994-2000) emerged with the introduction of EU Objective 1 structural funds. The thesis argues that this new supranational tier of policy intervention complicated the governance picture in Liverpool as intervention was now taking place at local, regional, national and supranational levels. With so many new influences and bureaucracies involved contests and tensions emerged between different tiers of governance with regard to the effective working of tourism programmes. Nevertheless, the drive to prioritise entrepreneurship and the pursuit of the new intensified as did the range of new tourism policy initiatives and delivery mechanisms. The thesis concludes with reflections on the theoretical approach and empirical findings, a number of policy recommendations and proposals for future research.
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McVeigh, Colleen. "Tourism and development in highland Sardinia : an economic and socio-cultural impact study of tourism in Baunei." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56625.
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Tourism is being promoted as an economic development strategy world-wide. It is seen as particularly suitable for creating employment in areas which lack alternative development options. This study examines the economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism on Baunei, a community located on the eastern coast of Sardinia. The research shows that the type of tourism found in Baunei (i.e. locally controlled and small-scale) is providing benefits to local people without causing significant economic disruption or social conflict. The fact that residents are actively seeking to develop tourism in their area is perhaps the best indication that tourism is not acting as a disruptive force in Baunei.
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Xu, Chen. "The impact of tourism foreign direct investment on economic development : an illustration by development of a tourism satellite account for Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110287/.
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The impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic development has been examined extensively in the academic literature. The positive effects of FDI generally hold if the host economies have sufficient level of development to absorb the benefits of FDI. However, the contribution of tourism FDI to economic development is largely unknown because of measurement difficulties in tourism FDI, data paucity and the relatively small scale of tourism FDI compared to total FDI flows. Host countries where tourism is one of the main or the only main income generating sector(s) often have a low level of development and rely heavily on tourism FDI. The low level of development in tourism intensive destinations makes the measurement of tourism impacts more difficult because there is often a high level of leakages from the tourism FDI in such economies. Therefore, then development of a clear and robust way of measuring the tourism FDI impact at such destinations has become important and necessary. This thesis uses the example of Wales, a relatively less developed region of the UK, to illustrate how the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) can be altered in form to reveal the contribution of tourism FDI on economic development in terms of output,gross value added (overall and per worker) and employment. The non-regionally owned tourism businesses supply over half of tourism products/services and create more GVA in total than regionally owned businesses. Employees in the non-regionally owned businesses also have much higher productivity. This study additionally shows the factors (such as quality of labour, household income level, leakages) that are considered important for economic development can be better accounted and understood by appending a Tourism Social Accounting Matrix (TSAM) to a TSA, with additional benefits for more comprehensive economic development impact analysis and further modelling.
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Van, Zyl Shireen Rosemary. "A critical assessment of responsible tourism practices: a case study of Stormsriver adventures." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4954.
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The research problem was based on the private sector implementation of Responsible Tourism, since 1996, perceived to be slow and challenging (Frey & George, 2010: 107). The South Africa Government proposed Responsible Tourism as the guiding principle for sustainable tourism development (Goodwin, 2011: 138). The problem is compounded by shortcomings identified in the nature of the research conducted about tourism and communities and the methodologies used. Tourism-Community relationships Theory was applied as the conceptual framework of the study. This theory advocates a holistic approach when conducting research about the impacts of tourism, encompassing community perspectives, attitudes, reactions and considerations for the future development and control of tourism (Pearce, Moscardo & Ross, 1996: 2). The insights gained contributed an emic understanding of the keyinformants’ perspectives imparted in their own language. This study is located in the Interpretevist paradigm, underpinned by Constructivist philosophy. Meaning is created through the reality of key-informants, their perspectives and the interaction of individuals in a community (Cresswell, 2014: 8). The Instrumental Case Study Approach (Stake, 1995) contributed an etic perspective in terms of the researcher’s interpretations. The single, qualitative case was applied to gain deeper insights about the phenomenon of Responsible tourism. The case investigated was Stormsriver Adventures (SRA), an eco-adventure tourism business in the Tsitsikamma tourism destination in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. SRA is reputed to be business best practice in its implementation of Responsible Tourism. Data triangulation was established through multiple methods of data collection, namely in-depth interviews with key-informants, documentation sourced from them and researcher observation. Data analysis methods, namely direct interpretation, categorical aggregation, pattern seeking and naturalistic generalisations (Stake, 1995), were used. The member checking process assisted with establishing data triangulation as keyinformants corroborated or dispelled the researcher’s interpretation of data. Findings were structured according to within-case themes, namely SRA’s perspective of its Responsible Tourism practices, the community’s perspective of SRA’s Responsible Tourism practices and perspectives about the future development and control of tourism. The study contributes new theoretical insights through applying the inductive approach to selected findings. Findings indicate that the perspectives of the community are divided. SRA keyinformants conveyed positive economic, social and environmental impacts of SRA’s Responsible Tourism practices. Key-informants not directly linked to SRA raised negative economic impacts and questioned the accuracy of SRA’s marketing messages. Within-case conclusions are that it is not the responsibility of one tourism business that practices Responsible Tourism to achieve sustainability within the tourism destination. To this end it is recommended that SRA and the community find common ground and that the misunderstandings that exist, be addressed. The study concludes that in order to achieve successful Responsible Tourism- Community Relationships, a holistically and integrated approach is required. To this end the recommendations made provide an implementation framework within the context of a tourism destination. The study adds value to the field knowledge about the implementation of Responsible Tourism by the private sector in South Africa and also contributes new knowledge to the field of tourism in terms of the particular methodology used.
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Kohanek, Ann L. "A comparison of economic development projects that utilize arts and cultural tourism." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006kohaneka.pdf.
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Rurangwa, Mugisha. "An analysis of tourism economic development in the Northern Province of Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1578.
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Thesis (MTech(Tourism and Hospitality Management))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011For many developing countries such as Rwanda, tourism has been viewed as one of the most lucrative industries to diversify the economy, create jobs and enhance the general welfare of people living in dire poverty. This research focused on tourism economic development in the Northern Province of Rwanda. This study also considered documentary and empirical research by examining existing literature. The survey used three types of questionnaires as the data collection method. Questionnaires considered views of tourists in the Northern Province of Rwanda; tourism business owners/managers in the Northern Province, and the Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation in the Northern Province. Data collected was presented, analysed and interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18 (SPSS). Findings revealed that tourism does contribute to economic development in the Northern Province. Results reveal that the number of tourists in the Northern Province is increasing; tourism businesses are also increasing thus creating jobs for local people. Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation in the Northern Province is involved in five projects that promoted job creation and improved the lives of local people in the province. Findings revealed that the Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation and tourism business employ 75% employees that are originally from the Northern Province. The study further suggests the diversification in tourism products and services, recommends the promotion of domestic tourism and the consumption of local products.
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Biondi, Joann. "International tourism and socio-economic development in the Caribbean : are they compatible?" FIU Digital Commons, 1986. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1681.
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Plagued with poverty, the countries of the Caribbean have grappled for years with numerous development models. As in many Third World countries, tourism has been used as an economic development strategy. Criticisms of the tourism industry have frequently been severe. So much that during the formation of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, the tourism industry was intentionally avoided and other industries favored.
One of the most critical questions asked of tourism is whether or not the economic gains of the industry are worth the detrimental social, political and environmental effects on the host country. It is the objective of this thesis to examine the relationship between international tourism and socio-economic development in the Caribbean, and to determine whether or not the deficiencies of the industry prevent it from being a beneficial development tool.
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Mathebula, Benjamin Magezi. "Contribution of tourism to economic development in the BaPhalaborwa area in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1050.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Literature has shown that tourism provides benefits such as revenue generation, employment, regional development and economic prosperity to destination communities. The tourism industry is a highly labour intensive industry; hence it is a valuable source of employment. It employs a large number of people and provides a wide range of jobs, which extend from the unskilled to the highly specialised. Tourism industry plays an important role in the Ba-Phalaborwa Municipal economy and it has the potential to address the socio-economic challenges facing the Ba-Phalaborwa municipal area. The study recommends, based on its findings, the importance of tourism development in building the economy of Ba-Phalaborwa. Firstly, the municipality should consider establishing a municipal entity as per the provisions of the Municipal Finance Management Act, which will be responsible for tourism in the area. Secondly, a clear marketing strategy for all special events, including the marula festival, in the area should be developed in consultation with all the stakeholders. Thirdly, the infrastructure, such as streets, electricity and sanitation, in the area should be upgraded to meet the future demand and expansion of the tourism industry.
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Qongo, Siyabonga Christopher. "Assessing the contribution of rural tourism to local economic development as a strategy for poverty alleviation: a case study on the Ukhahlamba district –Senqu municipality in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4477.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Tourism is one of the many external forces influencing the direction and options for local economic development. A truly legitimate and practical discussion on tourism development must take place in and with the communities that are being influenced by tourist industry development. The tourism sector is the fourth largest generator of foreign exchange in South Africa and lies third, after manufacturing (24.4%) and mining and quarrying (8.6%), in its contribution to the economy, at 8.2%, but poverty and unemployment still persist, especially in rural areas. In line with the conceptual and theoretical framework derived from both demand and supply factors, this research was conducted to explore and develop a conceptual framework to examine how prices are established in local markets for tourism andassess the level of community participation in the tourism business ventures at Senqu Local Municipality in South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied throughout the study. The views of the community on their socio- economic conditions and their willingness to participate in tourism business ventures were also sought. The findings of the study lead to the conclusion that the socio-economic living conditions of the community of SLM are very poor and that empowerment and participation of the community could be an answer to alleviation thereof and provide a contribution to local economic development.
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Mochechela, Maria Mologade. "The socio-economic impact of tourism on communities around the Pilanesberg National Park, North West Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/913.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2010The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of tourism on communities around the tourist destinations and tourist attractions, with specific reference to the Pilanesberg National Park and the specific impact it has on the communities around it. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used and 252 respondents responded positively by filling in questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with the Pilanesberg National Park management. The research findings reveal that the communities around the Pilanesberg National Park, specifically Mogwase, Moruleng, Ledig and Mabele-a-pudi are benefiting from the National Park through employment. Findings also indicate that the National Park is contributing positively towards the local economy of the area and the development of the communities. At the same time, however, the research findings indicate that the national park is impacting negatively on the local communities by contributing to the increasing cost of services.
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Chan, Fung-lin, and 陳鳳蓮. "Tourism in Shenzhen: an evaluation of its dynamic development and its socio-economic significance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953372.
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Gumede, Thembinkosi Keith. "Heritage Tourism as a strategy for the local economic development in the vicinity of the KwaBulawayo and the Ondini Cultural Centres." University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1628.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2016The aim of the study was to find out how heritage tourism can be used as a strategy for local economic development. The study was conducted at KwaBulawayo (Eshowe) and at Ondini (Ulundi) Cultural Centres and their surroundings. The study asserts that heritage tourism is embedded and can be explained within a shift from industrial to post-industrial mode of production and consumption, where aspects of society, such as heritage and culture are packaged for tourism consumption. The shift from industrial to post-industrial society and the associated packaging and consumption of heritage in the form of tourism forms the main theory of the study. This shift took place in the late 1970s when global economic system which was predicated on industrialisation and manufacturing experienced problems which were recessionary. Out of the recessionary problems, a new system of production called post-industrialisation or post-Fordism or post-modernity emerged. Post- industrialisation came with new processes of production and consumption. With regards to consumption, consumerism became a feature of the new economy. Consumerism meant that aspects of the society, such as heritage and culture had to be packaged for the tourist consumption and revenue generation. The study employed the exploratory mixed methodology, which suggests that the study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. With analysis and interpretation of data, content analysis was used to analyse the interviews while, SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse quantitative data. The population of the study was comprised of the KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Official(s), Zululand and King Cetshwayo District Municipalities’ Tourism Officers, KwaBulawayo and Ondini Cultural Centres’ Site Managers, Tribal Authorities and community members of the KwaBulawayo and the Ondini Cultural Centres. The study conducted face-to-face interviews and a sample of thirty seven respondents was drawn from the tourism officials and communities. The study found that the role players, i.e. officials and community members, understand the study sites in terms of culture, history and tradition, which suggests that they have not moved beyond the use value of the heritage sites. The findings revealed that the community is well aware of the heritage sites, that is, the cases of this study. However, the study established that the majority of communities did not know how long the heritage sites have been in operation. With regards to the running of the study sites, based on the Provincial and District Officials’ responses, the results showed that the power to manage them is decentralised to the District and Local Levels. The findings showed that the marketing of the heritage sites is not satisfactory. However, the on-line marketing (e.g. Internet, Facebook) was found to be predominant. The general observation of the study showed that the branding of the heritage sites revolves around King Shaka and King Cetshwayo. The communities of the study areas embrace heritage tourism sites and are regarded as the most important role players in heritage tourism of the study areas. The study found that heritage tourism has been used as a strategy for the local economic development of the study areas. The findings presented that attributes, such as artefacts and infrastructure, e.g. roads, stimulate heritage tourism of the study areas. The study observed that the tourists’ turnout to the heritage sites is inadequate. The study, therefore, recommends that the heritage tourism sites, in collaboration with all stakeholders, need to find alternative strategies to improve heritage tourism in the study areas e.g. involving tourism operators in their tourism processes. This could assist the heritage sites to generate sufficient revenue to employ more locals and assist the emerging local entrepreneurs with funding to strengthen their business ventures. The study recommends that the heritage sites need to engage ordinary community members and the local business people, especially those in the hospitality business in the tourism development processes. This could strengthen positive relationship between community members and the heritage tourism sites. The study further recommends that the key role players in heritage tourism of the study areas need to focus more on the exchange value than on the use value of the heritage sites. In the end, the study recommends further research, which will focus on the basic policy and/or a principle that could address community engagement to ensure a collective and/or beneficial participation in the entire tourism industry.
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Ricardo, Gilberto. "Sustainable tourism development: A case study of Bazaruto Island in Inhambane, Mozambique." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Sustainable tourism development strategies are regarded as suitable for developed countries, while pro-poor tourism strategies are seen as suitable approaches for underdeveloped countries. Both approaches stress the importance of local community-based or collaborative tourism management. The goal of these strategies is for local communities to achieve a more equitable share of benefits accruing from tourism development. This study dealt with the problem of which policy changes need to be brought about to ensure sustainable tourism development on Bazaruto Island. From an economic perspective, one would wish to examine the economic returns to tourism, ensuring that as many of the benefits as possible stay within Mozambique while some accrue to local community members. In addition, from an ecological perspective, it would be necessary to ensure that much of the pristine environment is retained. The local community would wish to ensure significant participation in preserving and promoting its culture as part of the development of tourism.
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Ntonzima, Lulamile. "Tourism as a catalyst for local economic development in the Transkei Wild Coast." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1689.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Doctor Technologiae
in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the
Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe study investigated tourism as a catalyst to local economic development of the Transkei Wild Coast. The Transkei Wild Coast is an area which stretches from the Kei River mouth south of East London, to Durban South Coast, with seven local municipalities located in the area. These local municipalities are Mquma, Mbhashe, King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Port St Johns, Ngquza Hill and Mbizana. Infrastructure and partnership models were identified as key to the development and growth of the tourism industry in the Transkei Wild Coast. It was found that the status of infrastructure and partnerships is lacking and delivers little or no economic benefits and advances in the Transkei Wild Coast. Factors contributing to the poor performance of tourism-led local economic development by the local municipalities in the Transkei Wild Coast include poor roads, poor communication, lack of infrastructure, erratic electricity supply, and poor quality of water supply. Partnerships both at strategic and implementation levels lack commitment, role clarification and acceptable beneficiation metrics to all involved stakeholders. Infrastructure and partnerships are explained as basic and key necessities in developing a successful tourism industry in the Transkei Wild Coast. The study argues that local municipalities need support to grow the tourism industry to become a key contributor to the local economic development strategy. The Transkei Wild Coast has a wealth of natural resources, culture and history to offer tourists to this area. Local economic viability of the Transkei Wild Coast will improve, which inevitably will lead to an improved standard of living of the host communities. Growth of the tourism industry will lead to growth and development of related industries/businesses. The findings revealed that the majority of Transkei Wild Coast inhabitants support investment in the tourism industry. Prioritisation of tourism as a catalyst to local economic development in the Transkei Wild Coast will unlock other potential economic sectors in the area. For this to succeed, it is imperative that capital infrastructure is improved and credible and beneficial partnerships are created and maintained. Recommendations are proposed to fulfil the State-led mandate for socioeconomic development and advancement at local municipal level in South Africa generally and the Transkei Wild Coast in particular.
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Mlondleni, Mzuyanda. "Tourism potential as a tool for local economic development in Mnquma Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3095.
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This research study aims to investigate what is there on offer for tourists in Mnquma Local Municipality, such as products (arts and craft, accommodation establishments and places of interests), their readiness for tourist consumption (state, accessibility), tourism routes and the understanding of communities on tourism and what can be derived from it to improve their livelihoods. This in turn will establish whether the tourism sector can be used as a tool for local economic development in the municipality. In the end, this study will make recommendations on what needs to be done in the municipality for the tourism sector to be more effective for the local communities and the municipality. The researcher has conducted a qualitative research study through the use of structured questionnaires as the data collection tool, in order to obtain information from specific population members of the concerned local municipality on tourism and LED issues. The study has been conducted from twenty three accommodation establishments in Mnquma Local Municipality. During the data collection period, the researcher discovered that these accommodation establishments are facing a number of challenges ranging from poor accessibility and signage for which the study is expected to address these in the recommendations. The study will include a purposive sample of tourism businesses in the hospitality sector in Mnquma Local Municipality. From the purposive sample, the researcher opted for total population sampling which is a type of purposive sampling technique where the researcher chooses to examine the entire population. At the end, researcher recommends that the municipality needs to address the infrastructural challenges such as roads (for accessibility to tourist sites), electricity and health centers to be able to support tourism economic activities. It also needs to ensure on the continuous hosting of events to address the seasonal nature of tourism and to market the municipality as an event destination. The researcher also recommended the establishment of partnerships with sector departments and parastatals such as SEDA, DTI, ECPTA, TEP etc. Lastly, being such a rural municipality with a rich history, culture and heritage, it is recommended that the municipality must prioritise tourism as a tool for Local Economic Development to better the lives of its population and to improve its economy.
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Adu-Ampong, Emmanuel Akwasi. "Governing tourism-led local economic development planning : an interactive tourism governance perspective on the Elmina 2015 Strategy in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16815/.
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Tourism is expanding in many developing countries, in contexts where states struggle to effectively manage local economic development processes. This thesis aims to bridge a gap between the literature on the tourism-poverty nexus and scholarship pertaining to the politics and governance of local development planning, by examining how governing interactions shape the planning and use of tourism for local economic development and poverty reduction. A key contribution of this thesis is the development of an interactive tourism governance framework built on the three key concepts of stakeholder governance capacity, institutional thickness and political cycles. The research is framed as an embedded case study of the Elmina 2015 Strategy in Ghana. A mainly qualitative research approach was adopted involving interviews, observations and documentary analysis. The Elmina 2015 Strategy sought to leverage tourism as a catalyst for local economic development and poverty reduction through an integrated planning approach led by the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem Municipal Assembly (KEEA). The thesis identified that the Elmina 2015 Strategy was insufficiently embedded within existing institutional structures. Through a process-tracing analysis, it was found that cycles of national elections and local government politics resulted in the loss of institutional memory and knowledge at the KEEA. This constrained the governing capacity of the KEEA in steering project implementation. This thesis shows that the state and the internal power dynamics between key players within it remain crucial in setting and implementing policy agendas. The thesis therefore seeks to make a contribution towards debates on the significance of the state in tourism governance and argues that the state ought to be brought back into any conceptualisation of tourism governance, especially as it relates to the governing of tourism-led local economic development. As local governments take a more active role in tourism development planning, the issue of their capacity needs to be addressed.
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Akpinar, Kasap Sibel. "The Impact Of Economic And Social Development In Safranbolu." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612990/index.pdf.
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Safranbolu is among the many other tourism destinations of Turkey practicing
sustainable and cultural tourism. Like many tourism centers in Turkey, it had been
negatively influenced from economic fluctuations of the 1980s period. However, in spite
of other tourism centers, it has not much changed and it has been well protected. The
reasons for this protection can be explained that Safranbolu entered the World Heritage
List in 1994, and so environmental and sustainable planning approaches are adapted to
development of town. While protecting its natural and cultural resources, the town is
planned and managed. As a result, it is announced as one of the well protected cities of
the world.
This thesis discusses development of Safranbolu within these sustainable tourismplanning
approaches. It aims to explain how the town has been changed after being a
tourism destination and to search positive and negative impacts of tourism. The thesis
has four objectivesto describe tourism and tourism planning issues, to explain the evolution of tourism in Safranbolu, to search negative and positive impacts of tourism and finally to provide new recommendations on development of Safranbolu. In this respect, it explores the relations between tourism and planning, investigates cultural and spatial reflections of global tourism in the town. To determine these effects, a survey has been carried out during the summer of 2008. According to this, a sustainable and environmental tourism planning method is suggested for the town.
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Silva, Jorge Antonio Santos. ""Turismo, crescimento e desenvolvimento: uma análise urbano-regional baseada em cluster"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-02122005-231931/.
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Esta tese teve como objeto a análise da condição do turismo, enquanto atividade econômica, de promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento regional, e sob que modelo teórico-metodológico, estrutura e configuração. Um objetivo diretamente vinculado ao objeto da tese consistiu na análise da coerência e propriedade da aplicação do conceito de cluster, formulado por Michael Porter, bem como o de cadeia produtiva, à atividade do turismo, conformando um cluster turístico. Em paralelo buscou examinar a condição de uma configuração de cluster de turismo poder ser considerada como um modelo de desenvolvimento regional. Secundariamente, mas com uma relação direta com o conceito de cadeia produtiva, foi focalizada a noção de fugas ou vazamentos da economia de uma região, decorrentes de pagamentos efetuados a fornecedores localizados fora da região pelo suprimento dos inputs necessários à estrutura produtiva da economia dessa região. Tais vazamentos provocam uma redução na magnitude da retenção local ou regional dos resultados econômicos propiciados pela atividade do turismo. A competitividade e sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento turístico, em base endógena, pressupõe a internalização da produção de tais inputs, através da criação de novas atividades produtivas e do fortalecimento das já existentes, visando eliminar pontos de estrangulamentos e implicando no adensamento dos encadeamentos setoriais, para frente e para trás, que integram a estrutura produtiva da economia da região. Para a elaboração desta tese foi efetuada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, em fontes primárias e secundárias, e realizado um trabalho empírico junto à hotelaria de Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia. Este levantamento visou avaliar a incidência de fugas no valor da contribuição do turismo para a economia de Salvador, a partir da rede hoteleira, bem como identificar variáveis influenciadoras e áreas por onde ocorrem os vazamentos, ficando evidenciado que as fugas se relacionam diretamente com problemas e dificuldades que os hotéis encontram com os fornecedores locais de bens e serviços, e também com o tamanho do estabelecimento e a propriedade do capital, se local ou de cadeias nacionais e internacionais. O estudo realizado permitiu concluir que para regiões deprimidas economicamente, o turismo pode atuar como atividade motora de cresciemnto econômico, mas sem condições de, isoladamente, promover o desenvolvimento regional. O modelo de cluster, na concepção de Michael Porter, de enfoque marcadamente empresarial e microeconômico, caracterizado pela presença de grandes indústrias, de dimensão nacional e com elevada amplitude espacial e alto nível de agregação, não se aplica apropriadamente ao turismo e não pode ser considerado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento regional. O agrupamento que tem o turismo como atividade nuclear, com foco no destino turístico entendido como um microcluster e que apresente as características de delimitação da amplitude geográfica de seu entorno, delimitação da abrangência territorial do próprio agrupamento, delimitação do segmento turístico principal e dos seus sub-segmentos, bem como do próprio mercado alvo, pode ser qualificado como um cluster de turismo que reúne as condições de modelar estratégias e promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de micro-regiões ou zonas turísticas. Deste modo, o microcluster constitui o modelo viabilizador do alcance e sustentação do desenvolvimento regional, como resultado da interação entre a função de especialização o turismo, e o território o destino turístico e seu entorno próximo.This thesis had as object the analysis of the condition of tourism, while economical activity, of promoting the growth and the regional development, and under that theoretical-methodological model, structure and configuration. An objective directly linked to the object of the thesis consisted in the analysis of the coherence and property of the application of the cluster concept, formulated by Michael Porter, as well as the one of productive chain, to the activity of tourism, conforming a tourist cluster. In parallel it looked for to examine the condition of a configuration of cluster of tourism to be considered as a model of regional development. Secondarily, but with a direct relationship with the concept of productive chain, it was focused the notion of escapes or leaks of the economy of an area, current of payments made to suppliers located out of the area by the supply of the necessary inputs to the productive structure of the economy of that area. Such leaks provoke a reduction in the magnitude of local or regional retention of the economical results propitiated by the activity of the tourism. The competitiveness and support of the tourist development, in endogenous base, presupposes to immerse the production of such inputs, through the creation of new productive activities and of the invigoration of the already existent, seeking to eliminate strangulation points and implicating in the aggregation of the sectorial linkages, forward and back, that integrate the productive structure of the economy of the region. For the elaboration of this thesis an extensive bibliographical revision was made, in primary and secondary sources, and accomplished an empiric work close to the hostelry of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. This experiment sought to evaluate the incidence of escapes in the value of the contribution of the tourism for the economy of Salvador, starting from the hotel net, as well as to identify variables that influence and areas through where happen the leaks, being evidenced that the escapes link directly with problems and difficulties that the hotels find with the local suppliers of goods and services, and also with the size of the establishment and the property of the capital, if place or of national and international chains. The accomplished study allowed to end that for areas economically depressed, the tourism can act as motive activity of economical growth, but without conditions of, separately, to promote the regional development. The cluster model, in Michael Porter's conception, of focus remarkably business and micro economic, characterized by the presence of great industries, of national dimension and with high space width and high aggregation level, it doesn't reply adequately to the tourism and it cannot be considered as a strategy of regional development. The grouping that has the tourism as nuclear activity, with focus in the destiny tourist expert as a micro cluster and that it presents the characteristics of delimitation of the geographical with of its spill, delimitation of the territorial inclusion of the own grouping, delimitation of the main tourist segment and of their sub-segments, as well as of the own target of market, it can be qualified as a cluster of tourism that gathers the conditions of to model strategies and to promote the growth and the development of micro regions or tourist zones. This way, the micro cluster constitutes the model that makes possible the reach and support of the regional development, as a result of the interaction among the specialization function - the tourism, and the territory - the tourist destiny and its spills close.
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Lee, Sang Kwon. "Economic and environmental equity in the U.S. nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5012.
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This study focused on economic and environmental equity in tourism and recreation dependent communities in the U. S. In the economic equity section, research was conducted to do an empirical analysis of the income distribution in nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities. In the environmental equity section, this study evaluated conceptual and theoretical understanding dealing with tourism and the environment and addressed the importance of environmental equity issues. A key objective of this study is to examine economic equity across different income groups and race in nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities. By comparing economic equity between nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities and other industry dependent nonmetropolitan communities, the differences of income inequality between those communities were explored. This study also assesses how tourism and recreation development contributes to economic equity in nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation communities in the U. S. In particular, determinants of income inequality were investigated. Income distribution of nonmetropolitan tourism and recreation dependent communities is more unequal than that of nonmetropolitan manufacturing dependent communities in the U. S. Tourism and recreation development contributes to increase income inequality while manufacturing related development is likely to reduce income inequality. The positive effect comes from the inequality of earnings in tourism and recreation employment. Race dualism shows a positive relationship with income inequality. This result suggests that the racial difference in income distribution plays an important role in increasing income inequality. There is a positive relationship between the south region and income inequality irrespective of community type and suggest that the regional variable is still an essential component for understanding income inequality in the U.S. This study addresses the need of an environmental justice framework for improving environmental equity across stakeholders in the process of tourism and recreation planning and development. Equity within/between social groups and inter and intra-generational equity should be taken into account for sustainable tourism and recreation development. The analytical framework for assessing environmental equity that this study suggested will be a good foundation for further development of environmental equity framework in the context with tourism and recreation development.
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Li, Jia. "Impact of tourism development on the Wolong Nature Reserve, China : perceptions of tourists and local residents." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1006.
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Fan, Wanting. "Social and economic impact of coastal tourism in Kalmar, Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65759.
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Coastal tourism is one of the most important way of leisure and entertainment in the world, which brings impact in varying degrees to the tourism destination. These effects relate to economic, social, and environmental aspects. With the concept of sustainability being widely used, sustainable tourism has received more attention. However, most studies focus on the tourism impact on the coastal environment, while the social and economic aspects were sparse explorations. Therefore, this research applies the qualitative method to explore the social and economic impact of tourism on the coastal city, Kalmar. Furthermore, the perspective of residents and business owners is the main way to reflect these effects. According to the results of the study, the development of the tourism industry will indeed bring some impact to the coastal city on economy and society. However, due to differences of cultural background and actual situation, these effects are not always the same. For example, for the economic impact of tourism business, the impact on the hotel is more noticeable than the impact on restaurants and bars.
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Northwood, Gillian Mary. "The role of wine tourism in economic development, a case study of Niagara Region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/MQ52221.pdf.
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Sowerby, C. Dorne. "Economic development of the Caribbean and the contribution of tourism from an EU perspective." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/793/.
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Colli, Liesel Antoinette. "The performance management system of the Department of Economic Development and Tourism (Western Cape)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1632.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Magister Technologiae: Public Management
in the Faculty of Business
at the
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013Service delivery is one of the key aspects of public and private organisations. It is therefore important for organisations to have a Performance Management System in place to monitor and evaluate the efficiency of its employees. A good Performance Management System sets a standard that determines whether an employee’s performance is of merit or has shortcomings. Furthermore it will aid the employee in being proficient in his\her work environment. This research project examined the effectiveness of the Performance Management System used within the Department of Economic Development and Tourism in the Western Cape, South Africa. Problems encountered by employees were identified by the researcher and recommendations were forwarded to the employees on how to improve the Department’s Performance Management System. The researcher undertook a quantitative research approach by administering a closed-ended questionnaire which was analysed by a registered statistician. The study found that most of the participants understood the Performance Management System used by the Department of Economic Development and Tourism. Furthermore the majority of participants understood their role within the Department and how they could meet the Department’s strategic objectives as set out in the Department’s annual performance plans..à h.
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Thermil, Alain R. "Perceptions of Haitians toward tourism development and resource management in rural Haiti." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286767.
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This present research has investigated the perceptions of Haitians regarding social, economic and environmental impacts which tourism development might have in rural area of Haiti. Three sites were chosen as low, moderate and high regarding their increased flow of visitors annually. The researcher used the ethnographer's approach where a domain analysis was built by gathering data from local people. This domain analysis was then tested by interviewing more local people. A population of eighty vacationers (adults, students and professionals) randomly chosen was surveyed. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze collected data during the summer of 2003 in Haiti. The perceptions of locals become more positive (or negative) with the increased flow of visitors. The perceptions of vacationers about social impacts of tourism were more negative among older vacationers rather than younger vacationers. Locals and vacationers had different perceptions toward the future development of tourism in rural Haiti.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Mashale, Modise Christopher. "Evaluation of the public-private partnership in the Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve : Maruleng Municipality in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1832.
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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014The aim of the study was to examine the public private partnership in Lekgalammetse Nature Reserve, which was championed by the Limpopo Tourism Agency under the banner of Limpopo Economic Development Environment and Tourism Department after the protected land was placed under restitution process. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the partnership which was created has the capacity to enhance the socio-economic development of the claimants and the adjacent communities in the area where the nature reserve is situated. Land restitution process in case of an area declared protected area by law; says that there will not be physical occupation by the claimants in terms of section 42 of the Land Restitution Act. Therefore the only way that the claimants can benefit from the land, is to become land owners and partner in terms of activities that take place in the protected area for social and economic benefits. A public private partnership was recognised as a potential vehicle for social, economical and environmental well being of both parties. However the developmental prospects of the partnership were unknown and overestimated. Views from the study as well as the literature review support the assertions that in this type of land claim, a public private partnership is the best way to go about developing the claimants and the adjacent communities. The review also highlighted the importance of a partnership in a protected area and its benefits, especially in developing the adjacent communities. Thus the role of the community in participating in their development and of the protected area was the main focus of this study. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data using interviews and a questionnaire. The study concluded by providing recommendations to stakeholders of Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve on how to improve their partnership relations. Some of the recommendations proposed are to involve a private partner to enhance development in the area; there should be provided with a coordinated and proper management, develop a capacity building tool to improve the co-management function and create an environment where all partners are equal in the partnership. The correct implementation of the Performance Management System will serve as a means to enhance organizational efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the use of resources in accelerating access to good quality services and a better life for all. A well balanced partnership has a potential to increase community benefits and maximize the conservation of the biodiversity of the area.
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Pithers, Linda. "The use of South Africa's nature areas in the promotion of tourism and economic development." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7762.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilSouth Africa has developed an extensive network of parks, nature reserves and conservation areas, the stated purpose of which is to both promote and protect nature and, particularly in the case of state-owned resources, to harness the power of tourism in social and economic development. This study examines the impact on rural and urban communities of proclaimed 'nature areas' and related efforts by the state to grow the economic and developmental contribution of tourism in the regions concerned. Through interrogating this 'triangulation' of nature, tourism and local economic development the pattern of benefit distribution from the protection of nature areas is highlighted.
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Dube, Nomusa Zethu. "The contribution of tourism to growth and development in KwaZulu-Natal." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29848.
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In order to be able to determine the contribution of the tourism sector to the KwaZulu-Natal economy, the study starts by reviewing some economic indicators that show the contribution of different economic sectors to GDP and to the economy in general. Where possible a comparison was made with other provinces and the RSA. These comparisons showed that the KwaZulu-Natal economy still has many problems, such as a relatively low gross geographical product per capita and a high unemployment rate (32,2 per cent). However, it has the potential to be the largest contributor to the GDP of the country despite the political problems that are still prevalent in some areas of the province, and also the fact that it has the largest population compared to other provinces. The manufacturing sector is the highest contributor to GDP and during 1988 to 1994 its average contribution was 30,3 per cent, followed by trade and government sectors with 16 per cent and 13,4 per cent respectively. The study reviewed the economic principles underlying the tourism industry, and also attempted to put the tourism industry into perspective with other economic sectors. This revealed that the tourism industry by its nature falls into the category of service industries and that it is governed by the same economic principles that govern any market namely, demand and supply forces. Most importantly however, is the realisation that this industry has a significant macroeconomic impact, for example, on inflation, employment, balance of payments and economic growth. The study has attempted to elicit the views of those involved in tourism activities and through the use of secondary sources examined the position of the South African tourism industry to that in the world and more importantly the relative position of the KwaZulu-Natal tourism industry. This data showed that there is a steady increase in the tourists inflow from 1985 to 199 5 (from 728 000 to 4.5 million) and also revealed their spending patterns. Based on this data, projections were made for 1998 to 2006, and these projections are in line with most of the economic analysts' speculations that there will be a steady increase of foreign tourist arrivals for the next five to ten years. Thus, the study has taken both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. It was also found that in order for the tourism industry to contribute successfully to the economic growth of the province, it has to be properly developed and managed, which means that there has to be a policy that will guide the actions of all the interest groups, and all the appropriate structures has to be put in place following market development principles. The roles of different institutions, whether government, private sector or non-governmental organisations have to be defined and co-ordinated towards the same goals, that is, to have a tourism industry that is economically viable and that benefits all the communities.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Economics
unrestricted
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Rivera, Manuel Antonio. "The synergies between tourism expansion and development an analysis of economic growth, poverty and human development in Ecuador." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4702.
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This dissertation attempts to answer the question of what has been the effect of tourism expansion and development in Ecuador. We attempt to analyze, both theoretically and empirically, the relationship between tourism and development. There have been an enormous number of studies explaining how tourism can affect the various dimensions of development. However, no research has been undertaken to simultaneously empirically examine the impact that changes in tourism expansion has on poverty, human development, and economic growth. To this end, we propose a cointergation methodology with an error correction model to estimate the impact of tourism expansion on poverty, human development, and economic growth. This study employs time series data from 1988 to 2008 as well as a Granger causality test to examine the hypothesized relationships. The five most important results are, first, that tourism seems to have distinguishable effects on reducing poverty. In the case of Ecuador, a tourism poverty nexus exists and it helps fight poverty in terms of intensity, inequality, and the proportion of poor. Secondly, economic growth is Ecuador is "pro-poor". Increases in economic growth have both short and long term effects on poverty reduction. Thirdly, tourism does not yet promotes human development but the other way around. Therefore a virtuous cycle between tourism and human development does not exist yet. Therefore, opportunities exist to further promote tourism in an attempt to support human development programs. Fourthly, economic growth promotes human development but human development does not yet promotes growth. These results suggest that Ecuador is in HD lopsided situation when it comes to economic growth and human development. Finally, the relationship between tourism and economic growth is bi-directional; the expansion of either sector promotes the growth of the other.ID: 030646189; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-219).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Hospitality Educucation Track
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Fisher, David. "The socio-economic consequences of tourism in Levuka, Fiji." Lincoln University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1284.
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This thesis examines the proposition that the local population at a tourist destination copy the economic behaviour of tourists and learn to give economic value to the same objects and activities that are demonstrated by tourists. Levuka, the old capital of Fiji, served as the case study. It was found that decisions are based on the experiences and the cultural template of which those decisions are a part. There are many acculturating factors involved in the learning process as a subsistance-based economy becomes more monetised. The purchasing habits of tourists have little obvious effect. However, there is evidence that what is of value to tourists and what encourages them to visit the destination are not fully appreciated by many of the host population. Examples of these culturally dissimilar values are externalities such as the physical structures of the built environment and unquantifiable factors such as the ambience of the destination. It is argued that an understanding of the factors that have created cultural rules is necessary if a complete analysis of the effects of tourism is to be undertaken. This can be achieved by considering change as a process and tracing that process by examining the cultural history of the host community. Tourism should be seen as another aspect of change. The response to tourism will then be seen as a new challenge that will be met using the lessons previously learnt and incorporated into the cultural template.
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Kulusjärvi, O. (Outi). "Towards a poststructural political economy of tourism:a critical sustainability perspective on destination development in the Finnish North." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019110136224.
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Abstract Tourism has developed into an important field of economy in the northern sparsely populated areas of Finland. State bodies of different spatial scales continuously put efforts to foster tourism growth and tourism is viewed as a prosperous economic path for the future. The prevailing tourism development is resort-oriented, which has transformed rural geographies in the North. Critical tourism geography research highlights that such market-driven tourism development has negative social and environmental consequences. Thus, tourism change needs to be examined from a broader perspective than economic benefits alone. It is required that tourism economy serves people and not vice versa. To increase sustainability in destination localities, collective economic agency in destinations is encouraged in tourism research and development. To date, tourism research has tended to draw on multiple, often contradicting, theoretical perspectives in an attempt to clarify how collective agency in tourism destinations should be best organized in order to foster social justice and ecological sustainability. The aim of this thesis is to understand how sustainability can be facilitated through local economic relations in resort-oriented destination development contexts. Sustainability discussions in tourism research are advanced by drawing on economic geography and its critical takes. The thesis consists of three studies that each examine sustainability in tourism destinations from a different viewpoint. The thesis first examines how (un)sustainability currently manifests in local economic relations and then discusses what changes are required to move towards more sustainable tourism futures. Ethnographically oriented case studies and a contemporary variant of the grounded theory method enables approaching tourism economies from the perspective of everyday tourism realities. The empirical part of the research is conducted in the Ruka and Ylläs destinations in the Finnish North. Insights were gathered by semi-structured in-depth interviews with local tourism actors in 2012 and 2015. The study introduces a poststructural political economy approach to sustainability transformations in tourism destinations. The less growth-focused economic thinking that exists in destinations is brought to light. Tourism actors’ motives and aims can differ drastically from the rationales of growth-focused tourism destination development that dominate in networked tourism governance. Many of the tourism actors desire conservation of natural and cultural environment in destinations. This creates conflict between the coexisting tourism paths. In the thesis, it is argued that economic difference in tourism should not be conceptualized merely as a source of diversification of tourism supply and thus as beneficial for destination growth; it should be recognized as political agency in tourism economy. Tourism networking is already now often value-driven, and this needs to be encouraged. That is, transformative agency for tourism change can be gained and new tourism paths created also through incremental changes ‘from below’, not only via policy actions. To contribute to the critical (economic) geography research on social and economic change, this thesis highlights that it is central to understand not only what new economic futures look like but also how to work towards them in everyday politics. Although the alternative and critical voices are valuable as they accurately state a socially just view of how things ought to be, these voices may not be the best way to bring about a change. This is because power hierarchies are not easily recognized in everyday tourism work. Each actor interprets the social from their subjective point of view. Even actors with the most power can have personal experiences of powerlessness. Thus, to foster change, it is necessary to facilitate the transformation of the existing conflictual inter-group relations. Dialogical everyday politics could work as a means to foster understanding of different groups’ tourism realities and their mutual influence. Conflict could be regarded not solely as an innate feature of capitalist economic relations but also as moments where mutual understanding can be facilitated. This is a way to establish local economic relations that enable community building. Destination sustainability touches not only firm-level practices but the mode of economic organization in tourism destinations. The thesis highlights that to advance social justice and environmental sustainability in destinations, destination development and planning should account for the possibility for a less growth-focused destination development path. As alternative tourism paths do not, as a rule, depend on new, large-scale tourism construction, they would likewise not foster growth in international tourist numbers and air travel. This unconventional view on economic path creation is to be encouraged as it is better in line with climate change mitigation needs and critical sustainability theorizingOriginal papers The original publications are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation. Kulusjärvi, O. (2016). Resort-oriented tourism development and local tourism networks – a case study from Northern Finland. Fennia 194: 1, 3–17. https://fennia.journal.fi/article/view/41450 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019103136035 Kulusjärvi, O. (2017). Sustainable Destination Development in Northern Peripheries: A Focus on Alternative Tourism Paths. Journal of Rural and Community Development 12:2/3, 41–58. https://journals.brandonu.ca/jrcd/article/view/1466 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2018051524148 Kulusjärvi, O. (accepted). Towards just production of tourism space via dialogical everyday politics in destination communities. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space
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Auala, Sisco Lovisa Ndapanda. "Local residents' perceptions of community-based tourism : a survey of key stakeholders at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy in Namibia." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2122.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010.Local communities in Namibia have few options for alternative income apart from selling crafts and livestock farming. The main objective of this study was to create an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of the local community at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy regarding community based tourism (CBT), and to develop strategies that could be used to influence these perceptions with the main goal of using CBT as a vehicle towards the improvement of local peoples' livelihoods. The study also examined structures and institutions that impact the direction of CBT development at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for data gathering. A survey was undertaken by means of 67 structured questionnaires among local community members and key stakeholders, which resulted in a 100% return rate. Five in-depth interviews with stakeholders from government, NGOs, the private sector and financiers were also conducted. The findings reveal that local community measure development in line with socio-economic issues since 39% strongly disagreed that their needs are being met through CBT project implementation. They feel that the infrastructure for tourist is well developed for international standards, whilst conversely, community members live in squatter camps, burn candles and live in squalid conditions. Whilst the Namibian government has recognised tourism as a potential means of poverty alleviation, issues of ownership of cultural heritage resources are still not yet in the hands of locals. The study argues that tourism development has been pursued more for economic purposes than for sustainable tourism development. Whilst the conservancies were set up as a strategy for poverty alleviation, the study concludes that development has not yet filtered down to the needy. Therefore, perceptions among the local community are negative towards CBT as a vehicle for socio-cultural and economic development. This study recommends that in order for CBT development to be meaningful, local participation through ownership, capacity building and control should have precedence over pure economic issues. Currently, the biggest beneficiaries seem to be the private tourism sector and, to some degree, foreign investors. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the impact of community perceptions on the tourist in the long - run, since tourist arrival figures continue to increase at Twyfelfontein.
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Uken, Ernst-August. "Employment opportunities in the South African hotel industry with special reference to tourism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16346.
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Bibliography: pages 111-113.The continued growth of the South African tourist industry was assumed and projections up to year 2020 were made to establish the corresponding growth in employment opportunities in the hotel industry. Overseas tourism is sensitive to and dependent on many factors. These were identified and the performance over the past two decades for bona fide overseas visitors, excluding mere border crossings, were extrapolated, accepting that oscillations about the suggested trend line will become greater in the future. In order to predict the growth of domestic tourism, cognisance had to be taken of the demographic development of the various population groups. The distribution of wealth among the various groups was estimated in the short, medium and long terms. On it depends the choice of accommodation when going on holiday. An evaluation was made of the employment pattern in the South African hotel industry. Published data from the Central Statistical Services and the Bureau of Financial Analysis (BFA) of the University of Pretoria were used. The 1982 Manpower Survey of the BFA proved particularly useful in establishing the present distribution of skilled staff in the industry by hotel grading and by geographical area. Performance ratios were calculated relative to capital invested and to revenue earned. The lowest staff to room ratios were used as criterion for optimal and most efficient usage of staff. The model thus developed with the aid of the Hewlett Packard STATP computer program, was based on actual present performance of a certain category of hotels. Unlike other approaches reported in the literature, a clear distinction was here made between skilled and unskilled labour. This distinction is considered to be of prime importance to any developing country where a shortage of skilled staff generally prevails, in contrast to a vast supply of untrained labour.
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Justice, Robert A. "Historic Preservation Leading to Heritage Tourism as an Economic Development Strategy for Small Tennessee Towns." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2066.
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Historic preservation has been a successful economic development tool that has led to heritage tourism in some Tennessee towns but not in others. The problem studied was to determine if there was a set of tangible attributes a town must possess to be successful in using historic preservation as an economic development tool. Through an extensive literature review, 59 predictor variables were identified and arranged into 6 research questions looking at the tangible attributes related to town demographics, geography, organizational structure, historic preservation organizations, heritage tourism organizations, and town financial structure. Data were collected from a mailed survey of 32 town managers. The response rate was 68.8% (N = 22). Secondary sources, such as U.S. Census data, were used to collect data when those sources appeared consistent and mandatory. The study used logistic regression analysis to compare successful towns, defined as those towns in the upper third of study towns for tourism expenditures per capita, with less than successful towns. The 32 study towns met the criteria of having a 2003 population of fewer than 10,000 and a nationally-recognized historic district that coincided with the towns' central business districts. The results of the logistic regression analysis on the individual predictor variables indicated that 5 were statistically significant--median age, distance to a major city, restaurant beer sales, Grand Division, and merchants' association. Constraining the final predictive model (Garson, 2006) to no more than 1 variable per 10 cases 3 led to the inclusion of median age and merchants' association as the 2 predictor variables that provided the highest predictive value of correctly classified towns (95.8%). In summary, this study is inconclusive in determining whether historic preservation leads to heritage tourism and can be used as an economic development tool by small Tennessee towns. However, it has been established that 5 attributes or characteristics of small towns does contribute to the probability of success and that median age and the existence of a merchants' association proved to be the best predictive model.
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Abuharris, A. T. "Tourism and sustainable economic development : marketing implications and strategic framework : the case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26495/.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the tourism potential, examine the significance of tourism to the national economy and evaluate the marketing of Libya as a tourist destination. The effects of tourism development on several countries including Libya are considered. Concepts of tourism development including policies, planning and marketing for tourism are used to provide a theoretical basis for the study. Policy recommendations are produced to encompass a strategy framework to improve the performance of the tourism sector in Libya.
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Zokoza, Makhaya. "The impact of the Blue Crane development agency on tourism development: a comparative analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018602.
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This research investigates the impact of the Blue Crane Development Agency (BCDA) on tourism development by comparing the implementation of the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) with the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM). In the latter instance, there is no development agency involved. A qualitative approach to research is applied with a specific focus on in-depth interviews. The literature review focuses on responsible tourism, local economic development (LED) and development agencies. The research is grounded in the Endogenous Growth Theory. The research notes the phenomenal success of the development agency model for delivery of LED projects. There is a notable growth in the tourism sector within the BCRM. With 45 permanent jobs created, the BCRM is a better place as compared to what it was in the era prior to the establishment of the BCDA. This surpasses by far the number of jobs created in the SRVM where the development agency model does not exist. The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) prefers a district-wide development agency as opposed to a local development agency. The establishment of Cacadu Development Agency (CDA) follows this suggestion. The findings of this research are thus very significant for the SALGA in their pursuit for best practices in LED. Both the BCRM and the SRVM are under-marketed, a negative factor on their tourism growth and development. Placing of billboards at the Ncanara interchange to advertise them would ideally enhance their tourism marketing campaigns. The research also finds that both local municipalities have inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems for projects. In this respect, the research suggests that the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) should consider conducting a provincial research covering all the districts, on the contribution of tourism to the local economies. As a provincial entity, the ECPTA would be better placed to undertake that task. They would have less legal restrictions imposed by jurisdictional issues than would a local municipality. The research recommends the relocation of the CDA and the CDM from the metropolitan city of Port Elizabeth to one of the local municipalities. That would most likely increase business tourism, thereby boosting the local economy in the relevant small municipality. In conclusion, this research proposes that the presence of a development agency enhances tourism growth and development in the BCRM.
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Eriksson, Björn. "Fins, gills and fishermen : The socio-economic impacts of marine conservation in southern Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296160.
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Sharks and manta rays are being heavily fished in Indonesia due to Asian demand for shark fins and manta gill rakers. The Indonesian government passed legislation in February 2014 to protect the two species of manta rays. A number of shark species have also been protected or banned from export. A major factor in this decision was the proven economic benefits from ecotourism compared to the economic benefits from the shark finning and manta gill industry.However, previous research on marine conservation underlines that there is a lack of social scientific studies on the socio-economic impacts that marine conservation have on stakeholder fishing communities. In an attempt to start filling this gap of knowledge, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the shark and manta ray conservation efforts affect the socio-economic situation of different stakeholder fishing communities in Indonesia. Fieldwork was done in fishing communities in the Komodo and Nusa Penida regions, together with the fishing village Tanjung Luar in Lombok, where people in fishing communities were interviewed about their livelihood situation. The study found that the impacts of marine conservation on the economic situation for stakeholder fishermen affects their attitude towards and compliance with marine conservation efforts. If no profitable economic alternatives are given to fishing, fishing communities have a lower degree of compliance with conservation efforts.
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Ge, Yujing. "Adoption of a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) in a Municipal Area: a Case Study in Suzhou, China." Thesis, online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR34306.
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Ma, Mulan [Verfasser]. "Tourism area development from an evolutionary economic geography perspective - The case of Guilin, China / Mulan Ma." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694809/34.
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Brink, Zonia. "A foundation to the development of an economic impact study of the tourism industry for GHACT." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52638.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This document contains a Situation Analysis of tourism in the Greater Hermanus region, which is part of the Overberg region in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. It forms an essential component of the process to develop a Tourism Policy and Strategy for the local tourism bureau. As such it is important to note that the objectives of the document are threefold. Firstly, it provides overall background information and an analysis of the current tourism situation of Hermanus, the various role-players and the different festivals. Secondly, it provides a broad framework of the positive and negative impacts tourism and festivals could have on the economic, social and environmental fields of a tourist destination like Hermanus. Lastly, the document offers guidelines for future study areas under which the tourist, various role-players and festivals/events can be evaluated in order to calculate their impacts in the Hermanus tourism industry. These goals were to be established in subsequent interactive workshops, discussions, interviews and other inputs from the various community representatives and other tourism role-players in Greater Hermanus. The scope of this report is limited to an overall framework and broad guidelines to put festival and role-player evaluation, and impact management for the Greater Hermanus region on a firm platform and continuous footing. At this phase of the project specific recommendations and proposals for development of the tourism industry in the region are excluded, as this will form part of the further phases of the project of developing the Tourism Policy and Strategy. Based on the findings it is recommended that the local tourism bureau must focus on developing a sustainable tourism strategy, identify a single spokesperson that is recognised as the leading force for unifying the industry towards one goal, and lastly to develop and maintain a knowledge base system to ensure proper planning and support decisionmaking. The document concludes by summarising the recommendations along with a list of the key issues and strategic challenges that needs to be addressed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument bevat 'n situasie analise van die toerismebedryf in die Groter Hermanus, 'n gebied wat deel is van die Overberg in die provinsie Wes- Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Dit is 'n onmisbare komponent van die proses om in Toerisme Beleid en Stategie vir die plaaslike toerismeburo te ontwikkel. Die einddoel van die dokument is drievoudig. Eerstens word oorsigtelike agtergrond inligting en 'n analise van die huidige stand van die toerismebedryf in Hermanus, die verskillende rolspelers en die feeste daarin vervat. Tweedens verskaf dit 'n breë raamwerk oor die positiewe en negatiewe impak wat toerisme en feeste kan hê op ekonomiese-, sosiale- en ontwikkelingsgebied op 'n toeriste-attraksie soos Hermanus. Laastens bevat die dokument riglyne aan die hand waarvan verdere studies onderneem kan word, soos dié waarin toeriste, die verskillende rolspelers en feeste geevalueer word. Hierdie doelwitte is daargestel tydens werksessies, besprekings, onderhoude en ander insette deur verskeie verteenwoordigers van die plaaslike gemeenskap en ander rolspelers in die toerismebedryf van Hermanus. Die omvang van hierdie studie is egter beperk tot 'n oorsigtelike raamwerk en breë riglyne om die assesering van die feeste en die rolspelers sowel as die impakbestuur van die Groter Hermanus op 'n stewige voetstuk te plaas. Op hierdie tydstip van die projek word spesifieke aanbevelings en voorstelle vir die ontwikkeling van die toerisme-industrie in die gebied uitgesluit. Dit sal gevolglik ingesluit word in die verdere fases van die projek wanneer die ontwikkeling van 'n toerisme beleid en strategie in diepte bestudeer word. Aanbevelings wat spruit uit die bevindings van hierdie studie is dat die plaaslike toerismeburo 'n volhoubare toerisme strategie moet ontwikkel. Verder moet daar ook 'n persoon aangewys word om die industrie aan te voer tot 'n gesamentlike einddoel. Laastens moet die toerismeburo 'n kennis basis sisteem ontwikkel en onderhou wat voldoende beplanning sal verseker en besluitneming kan ondersteun. Ter afsluiting word daar volstaan deur die aanbevelings op te som en die sleutelfaktore en strategiese uitdagings wat aandag moet geniet, kortliks aan te spreek.