Dissertations / Theses: 'Tourism Cambodia'

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Rönning, Anette Ericsson Emma. "Sustainable tourism development in Cambodia : a report about positive and negative effects of international tourism /." Karlstad : Karlstad University. Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:5714/FULLTEXT01.

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Rönning, Anette, and Emma Ericson. "Sustainable Tourism Development in Cambodia : A report about positive and negative effects of international tourism." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1734.

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The country Cambodia has in the last recent years prospered as an international tourist destination and the tourism industry has become more recognised as a major source of income. The international tourist destination has therefore come to occupy an important role for the country’s economic development. Concerning the fact that Cambodia is a Third World country the local community can be extremely vulnerable in relation to the consequences that international tourism can create. The project ChildSafe was formed by the organization Friends International as a consequence of the poor situation for street children.

This project works to protect children from all sorts of abuse. This project has also developed information for the international tourist to take part of while visiting the country. This information provides guidelines concerning how to act as a responsible tourist. The aim of this study is consequently to investigate how international tourism can influence the social community in Cambodia.

To limit the research the study will focus on the organization ChildSafe and their work to promote a sustainable social development. It will also focus on the Ministry of Tourism and their work and attitude towards the same issue.

The result of the study shows that international tourism affects the social community in many ways, both positive and negative. International tourism can contribute to the community and create a sustainable social development if there is support, information, incentives or regulations for the tourists that interests them or controls them in a way that is beneficial for the local community.

Both ChildSafe and the Ministry of Tourism agree that the main positive consequence of international tourism for the social community is the revenue that the tourism industry can generate. Concerning the negative impacts of tourism the two organizations differ significantly as ChildSafe identifies many negative consequences for the social community. The Ministry of Tourism, on the other hand, believes that the negative impacts of international tourism do not affect the community significantly.

However, both organizations believe that sustainable tourism can support the local community and create a sustainable social development. It is concluded from the work done by ChildSafe that international tourism can be used to promote the social community, but only if there is support and information for the international tourists when they arrive in the country. Finally, it is concluded that support from the Ministry of Tourism is needed as it is believed that they possess the greatest power of change for the tourist destination Cambodia.

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Thomas, L. "The killing fields of Cambodia : an investigation into motivations of visitors to dark sites." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17723/.

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A central aim of this study is to establish tourist motivations to visit dark sites such as Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The body of literature that exists around dark tourism published so far agrees there is a general lack of understanding around dark tourism motivations. The research questions set out in this study ask if tourists who visit such sites view themselves as dark tourists, whether time plays a role in their motivations to visit and what factors inspire them to visit such sites. The study also considers sub-conscious, psychological and instinctive drivers that exist which may compel tourists to visit and experience dark sites. The study revealed that tourists who visited Tuol Sleng and/or Choeung Ek did not consider themselves dark tourists, and moreover, did not like to be associated with the terminology. They assumed that to be labelled a dark tourist, their motivations would be inspired by the dark and macabre nature of the sites, or that they would seek enjoyment from their visit. They were keen to stress that this was not the case. They were there to learn and understand what happened and to experience Cambodia properly. Moreover, tourist guidebooks, such as The Lonely Planet heavily advise a visit and act as a powerful driver, as well as trusted word-of-mouth sources. The study also revealed that chronology heightens curiosity and motivation to visit, but does not act as a motivator in its own right - tourists would have visited anyway. A significant finding of this study reveals that human instinct and psychology plays an important role in human fascination with violent death and, therefore, visits to dark sites. We need to learn and understand what happens to either avoid it happening to us, or to learn how to survive should we find ourselves in the same situation. Visiting such sites is part of our psychological make-up and that these drivers exits in all of us to a greater or lesser degree.

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Kuon, Vannsy. "The projection of Cambodia, today : an inquiry into representation, fantasmatics and politics via tourism." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/584262.

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Today, Cambodia has gained entrée into the world via international tourism. The ingression of tourism has also been accompanied by the prowess over the projection of aspects of culture and heritage. The purpose of this emergent, soft-science inquiry into the projection and representation of Cambodia is to sift through aspects of the culture gene bank (after Horne) of the nation to corroborate testimonies associated with the industrially/institutionally-scripted representation via international tourism. The inquiry henceforth gyrates around the projective ―discourse‖ (after Foucault) of peoples, cultures and places. The study is philosophically inspired by ―perspectivism‖ of Nietzsche and ―pluralism‖ of Berlin and Connolly and methodologically actuated by constructivism of Lincoln and Guba. The study of the discursive representation is approached vis-à-vis bricoleurship and cultural/critical pedagogies of Kincheloe and multi-sitedness of Marcus. The study identifies prevailing ramifications of the Angkorean discursivity or Angkorcentrism from constitutionality to ―banality‖ (after Baudrillard) and from public to private agents. The Angkorcentricity is nestled in the mainstream politics of projection of the nation by the state, as attested in the landscaping of public places/spaces, where the state attains its primacy in the projective authority. On the one hand, the finding anent Angkorcentric representation of the nation is generally congruent with that by Winter. On the other, the study accentuates the symbolic/projective prowess of the state in harnessing the selection, production and projection of places and spaces. Another feature which sets this emergent inquiry apart from the others about Cambodia is that it delved into the performative aspects of cultures and identities, particularly in the portrayal and characterisation of ethnicities. Otherisation has been deployed (un)consciously in the performance industry and in the official projection of peoples and places. The nucleus of this inquiry is to fathom the scripting of the dominance, subjugation and silencing in representation of facets of culture gene banks of Cambodia. The dominant aspects of cultures were manifest in the cultural dressing of places and hypostatised in the form of monumental statues, pastiches of sculptures and performances. Facets of the marginalised peoples/cultures were materialised in the projection of otherness via dances, stereotypic utterance and so forth. The museumisation of places testified the discourse of ―phantasmatic Indochina‖ (in Norindr‘s word) in the framing and the normalisation of Cambodia. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in tourism studies both conceptually and methodologically. The conceptual contributions are associated with culture gene bank, performativity and normalisation. The methodological contributions are linked with the emergent study and (critical) cultural pedagogy. This emergent, soft-science study of the projective discourse of Cambodia culminated in the Foucauldian normalisation, the Bhabhan fantasmatics and the Edensorian performativity of aspects of the Hornean culture gene bank via tourism. Further studies may crescendo along these aspects (i.e. normalisation, framing, fantasmatic, performativity and so forth) to advance particularistic understanding in the respective areas.

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Srun, Sopheak. "Intégration économique, investissement direct étranger et compétitivité du Cambodge." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL2002/document.

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Cette thèse élucide certains questionnements qui pourraient être soulevés au sujet de l’économie cambodgienne en prenant le commerce, l’investissement direct étranger et le tourisme comme sujets d’interrogation de notre recherche. Ces trois secteurs sont considérés comme secteurs clés du développement économique et source de bien-être et de prospérité économique du pays. Nous utilisons principalement les modèles empiriques pour étudier les problématiques évoquées. Nous profitons également des développements récents des modèles théoriques pour justifier la construction des modèles empiriques et expliquer les résultats d’estimations. L’examen des structures d’exportation révèle que le Cambodge dispose de forts avantages comparatifs dans les produits agricoles, les produits de textiles et de chaussures pour les exportations vers l’ASEAN et vers les marchés mondiaux. Les estimations obtenues sur la base du modèle de gravité montrent que les investissements directs étrangers, la logistique, et la qualité de la réglementation sont des facteurs qui favorisent les exportations, tandis que les droits de douane et la distance avec les pays importateurs constituent des obstacles aux exportations internationales. L’étude sur les déterminants de l’investissement direct étranger utilisant une analyse statique et dynamique des données de panel révèle que les facteurs d’attractivité locaux tels que la taille du marché ou la qualité de la gouvernance n’influencent pas les entrées des investissements directs étrangers au Cambodge. En revanche, des facteurs tels que les échanges commerciaux et l’adhésion à l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce ont attiré davantage d’investissements étrangers. Nous avons également mis en lumière des effets complémentaires entre le commerce et le tourisme dans le sens où le tourisme favorise le commerce et réciproquement. D’après les analyses développées à travers ces quatre chapitres qui constituent notre recherche, cette thèse a révélé les effets pertinents et complémentaires des trois principaux secteurs de l’économie du Cambodge. Une augmentation des exportations du pays encourage davantage les investissements directs étrangers et le développement du tourisme au Cambodge. Les effets réciproques sont également confirmés par le fait que les investissements directs étrangers et le tourisme accroissent les exportations
This thesis discusses the essential parts of Cambodia’s economy, in which trade, foreign direct investment, and tourism are the main research questions. It shows that the three sectors are the key components for economic development and the sources of welfare and prosperity for the country. We mainly use empirical approaches to investigate the problem that is raised. We also take advantage of recent theoretical advances in the area of research to complement the formulation of empirical models and to interpret and describe the significance of our findings in light of what theories have already proposed. The analysis of export patterns reveals that Cambodia has the large comparative advantages in agricultural, textile and footwear products. Further analysis using gravity models shows that foreign direct investment, logistics, and quality of regulation promote exports, while tariffs and distance with importing countries are barriers to international exports of goods. The study on the determinants of foreign direct investment using a static and dynamic panel data analysis reveals that the inflows of foreign direct investment are not influenced by local attractiveness factors such as market size or quality of public governance. In contrary, factors like bilateral trade and membership of the World Trade Organisation have attracted more foreign investments. We also found that trade and tourism have a complementary effect in the sense that tourist arrivals promote trade and vice versa. The outcomes of the four chapters in this thesis reveal notable and complementary effects between the three main sectors in Cambodia’s economy. Accordingly, an increase in exports encourages more inflows of foreign direct investment and tourist visits. The reciprocal effects are also confirmed in the sense that foreign direct investment and international tourist arrivals encourage bilateral trade

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Esposito, Adèle. "Siem Reap, invention et fabrication d'un lieu de tourisme aux portes d'Angkor." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1170.

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Les façons de concevoir et fabriquer la ville de Siem Reap, située aux portes du site d'Angkor classé au patrimoine mondial (1992), induites ou suscitées par le tourisme, sont l'objet de la recherche. La thèse interroge le rapport conflictuel entre planification et fabrication urbaine : si les plans de la coopération internationale produisent un domaine d'action ainsi qu'un cadre conceptuel à travers lequel le territoire est appréhendé, d'autres logiques et procédures détournent le cadre réglementaire. Dans les discours programmatiques et normatifs élaborés à partir de notions d'origine occidentale, maintenant diffusées à l'échelle internationale, ainsi que dans l'organisation institutionnelle, nous recherchons les failles qui mènent les plans à l'échec. Sans nier les effets de tabula rasa, nous argumentons l'entrée en jeu de différentes formes d'héritage dans les aménagements de l'espace : les représentations des lieux, produites à partir du XIXe siècle, qui influencent les projets d'hôtels et équipements ; les formes et les pratiques mobilisées par les habitants, dont la négociation avec des modèles exogènes aboutit à des compositions originales
After Angkor was listed as a World Heritage Site (1992), Siem Reap town which is situated at its doorway experienced intense urban development. The thesis investigates the processes of urban development and architectural design created under the influence of tourism. The research questions the conflicts between planning and urban development. While the plans carried out by international cooperation produce a domain of action and a conceptual framework through which the territory is apprehended, private stakeholders' procedures and objectives succeed in diverting regulations. We show that the faults which cause the failure of the plans have to be sought in the programs and the rules shaped by Western-based notions now disseminated at the international scale. Without denying the tabula rasa of urban landscapes, we argue that different forms of heritage play a part in architectural design and urban transformations: - the representations of places, produced since the 19th century, shape tourism linked projects; - inherited forms and practices mobilized by the inhabitants are negotiated with exogenous models and lead to original urban shapes

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Heiss, Fröman Jana. "A critical discussion of MacCannell's and Urry's theories on 'tourists' : Through an autoethnographic exploration of a white woman's experiences in Cambodia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444566.

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The word tourist is loaded with negativity, especially, as MacCannell and Urry argue, for those of us that travel ourselves. In this exploration, the author takes a deep dive into the primary theories of MacCannell's search for authenticity and Urry's tourist gaze while recounting a series of journeys throughout Cambodia through her own Western epistomologic lens while also considering feminist, postcolonialist and decolonialist extensions and counterarguments. The purpose of this paper is to critique the portrayal of tourists as the monolithic characters created by MacCannell and Urry through an exploration of the author's experience and offer varying viewpoints and considerations that are applicable to the theorists and not. The conclusion is a call to action for further research where the tourist and destination intertwine.

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E, Ljungblom Josefin. "At the expense of children : A study of how orphanage tourism drives child trafficking and how it affects the children." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45520.

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This study raises the issue of the trafficking of children in favor of voluntourism and orphanage tourism. The phenomenon of tourists who engage in volunteer work during a holiday has increased into a considerable form of tourism and turned in to a profitable business. This thesis is questioning what factors triggers children to be trafficked and sexual exploited within the phenomenon of orphanage tourism and voluntourism. To conclusion of this thesis will question how the phenomenon affects the children. This study is an abductive, qualitative desk-study with a thematic text analysis. The analysis is based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six step model where themes are constructed from the findings. The elements that the children within this phenomenon are affected by were categorized into these themes. The themes were afterwards analyzed individually in order to create a holistic picture of how they impact children. The empirical data are all from secondary and tertiary sources out of both academia and media. The findings have been analyzed with the theoretical framework of Johan Galtung and his definition of presence of violence. Galtung’s concept of structural violence has been applied to analyze what drives children to be trafficked- and sexually exploited in connection to orphanage tourism, as well as how this effected the children. The thesis suggests that the main factor, which fuels children to be trafficked in this context, is the demand for accessible children. Orphanage tourism has become a profitable business and a loophole for the corrupt to gain money on socially vulnerable families. This by presenting them to tourist who pay money in good faith and dedicate time from their vacation in belief that they are doing good. The thesis addresses how structural violence is present and how it contributes to the phenomenon of orphanage tourism to keep operating by trafficking children in favor of it. It is also shown that psychological stress within various dimensions, which the children are exposed to, lower their actual realization from the potential. The exploitation they live under leaves the children in a disempowered position, without control of their social condition, which is argued to make a significant difference between their potential life expectancy and actual life expectancy.

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Eliasson, Erik. "In Search of the Holy Grail : A Case Study of the Implementation of Sustainable Practices in the Accommodation Industry in Siem Reap, Cambodia." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1344.

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Cambodia differs from many other developing countries because of one specific asset which is tourism. The number of tourists in Cambodia is currently growing with a rapid pace due to the Angkor site near the city of Siem Reap.

The growing number of tourists has definitely created challenges for the accommodation industry in the Siem Reap region. This has created the need for achieving a delicate balance between the exploration of the region and how much the region can cater for regarding the environment, social and long-term economical benefits. This growth has however brought along many downsides such as economical, environmental, social, cultural, political, and technological. There are no previous studies done about sustainable practice in the accommodation industry in developing countries. This study examines the barriers for the implementation of sustainable practice among accommodation providers in Siem Reap.

The first step is this process was to determine the state of the environment. The second step was to determine the cause of the state followed by determining the process of change for sustainable development which can be regarded as the barriers. Previous studies have concluded that barriers of financial difficulties, the cost of change, lack of resources, the lack of information and support regarding sustainable tourism are common barriers for the implementation of sustainable practice. The barriers can be categorized into industry barriers related to industry specific characteristics and organizational barriers that refer to barriers due to characteristics within the firm.

This report is based on a case study in which hermeneutic and qualitative method was used. The data was based on a content analysis of reports published by the International Development Centre of Japan in cooperation with the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism and 14 interviews with accommodation providers in Siem Reap.

In many areas there was a lack of sustainable practices and many barriers could be uncovered. Barriers included among others lack of financial resources which restricted ownership, low awareness of the environmental state, lack of governmental support; an insufficient educational quality which limits management opportunities for Cambodians and insufficient quality in the environmental friendly products.

This study has expanded the knowledge of barriers for the implementation not only to include environmental sustainable practices but also to include barriers when it economical, social, cultural, political and technological dimensions. These barriers should be considered representative for barriers for the implementation of sustainable practices in the accommodation industry in developing countries, especially in contexts with a similar development pattern as Siem Reap.

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Betz, Diana L. "Human trafficking in Southeast Asia causes and policy implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FBetz.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in in National Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Malley, Michael. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Human trafficking, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, sex tourism, poverty, globalization, women's rights, education levels, uneven regional economic development, labor trafficking, corruption. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92). Also available in print.

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Cychosz, Elizabeth K. ""Everything is Just Starting": (Re)presenting the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocidal Crimes as a Post-Justice Site of Memory." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1429785468.

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Hutchinson, Kelly Anne, and kellyhutchinson@gmail com. "Mapping the dynamics of social enterprise and ICTs in Cambodia: a study of perception, use and benefit of ICT in development of the social enterprise space." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080213.144134.

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As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and social enterprises become drivers of economic growth, the nexus provides opportunities for new models of business to bring benefits to communities in developing countries. Recognising the complex dynamics and range of actors in this diverse and emerging sector, this study chooses to document the external influences, use and impact of ICT on social enterprises. The problem investigated is the potential gap between the rhetoric of the 'promise of e-business' versus the dynamics of enactment and impacts of ICT in practice in the social enterprise sector. The methodology consists of a mixed-method data collection strategy to triangulate data sources from a diverse cross-section of organisations in the social enterprise sector in Cambodia. These include a cross-sectional survey, interviews, observations, document analysis and review of artefacts. It is unclear whether the Cambodian social enterprise sector represents a unique case or is representative of other countries. Regardless, the rich dynamics of the sector and the current lack of understanding of ICT use by this sector in developing countries per se warrant such a study. It fills a significant gap in the field of ICT and development by providing an in-depth overview of the social enterprise sector in one developing country, which may also be applicable in other developing country contexts. The research maps the e-business status of Cambodian social enterprises along a continuum from precursor activity to fully integrated e-services. It finds that Cambodian social enterprises believe ICT adds value to their operation; however access to affordable and reliable local ICT resources is an important factor determining long-term uptake. It also shows that external support is seen as vital to the success of ICT uptake by social enterprises in Cambodia. Donors have the most significant influence on social enterprises' framing of ICT, whilst NGOs, associations and the private sector are also important institutional players in shaping understanding and uptake of ICT. The main contribution of the research is to identify the real development impact of ICT use by social enterprises by measuring the role of ICTs in achieving their goals. Its major finding is that social and business missions are inextricably linked within these organisations, so to measure one in isolation of the other denies the new paradigm that social enterprises present. The most active sub-sector explored that best reflects this unique value proposition is the emerging social outsourcing potential of the IT services sub-sector. The handicraft and processing sub-sectors have yet to fully engage and use ICT to their maximum benefit. The outlook for these sub-sectors is likely to require further support to best harness the potential that ICT can bring developing countries.

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Hong, Ellen. "Understanding the Antecedents of Perceived Authenticity to Predict Cultural Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: The Case of Cambodia’s Angkor Wat." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1620270040944891.

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Stock, Marel Angela. "Puppets, Pioneers, and Sport: The Onstage and Offstage Performance of Khmer Identity." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2944.pdf.

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Hang, Thearonn. "Stratégie pour un tourisme durable au Cambodge : l'action des acteurs publics touristiques locaux au regard des ressources et compétences." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0017/document.

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En ce qui concerne la perception du tourisme durable, on constate que les directeurs publics ont la même approche ou définition. Mais, en matière de stratégies, les moyens manquent dans tous les domaines pour développer un tourisme durable. De façon plus précise, les contraintes se résument aux cinq enjeux qui sont liés aux ressources humaines, aux méthodes de travail, au cadre juridique, à l'appui institutionnel et financier, et à la sensibilisation publique dans le secteur touristique du Cambodge. Ces insuffisances ont entraîné une exploitation peu réfléchie des potentiels de ressources touristiques et ont provoqué des fuites économiques élevées à l'étranger. Sans planification pensée à long terme, certaines attractions ne sont plus en mesure d'assurer leur durabilité, menant à la dévastation de trésors touristiques, à l’altération des valeurs socio-culturelles et d'identité nationale; ce mécanisme évolutif pourrait conduire à un développement incontrôlé contribuant à dégrader rapidement la communauté locale et l’environnement. Comme le ministère du Tourisme au Cambodge l’a souligné, s'il n'est pas correctement géré, le développement du tourisme permettra d'enrichir une petite minorité tout en excluant la majorité de la population du pays. Dans ces conditions, les directeurs provinciaux chargés du tourisme, en tant que représentants du ministère, jouent un rôle déterminant dans le tourisme durable et influencent directement à la fois le pouvoir politique et la prise de décision locale et même nationale. Leur rôle s’applique à la gestion interne et la coopération externe qui sont fortement dépendantes de la qualification personnelle des individus, c’est les « ressources et compétences ». Cependant, si les directeurs locaux sont aujourd’hui confinés dans un rôle plutôt de gestionnaires, avec de faibles moyens, nous estimons qu’ils pourraient devenir de véritables directeurs locaux susceptibles de faire travailler ensemble les acteurs dans le cadre d’une politique claire
Current issues concerning the sustainable tourism in Cambodia based on the action of Local Tourism State Actors (LTSA) in terms of Resources and Competences, particularly defining the roles of the LTSA, are systematically explored in this research. The LTSA are the director of provincial or city tourism department who take a lead role in managing a localized tourism industry of the government. The central research question focuses on the “Strategy towards Sustainable Tourism in Cambodia, according to the perceptions of the LTSA”. In investigating to this context, the qualitative methods were used to collect primary data through in-depth interviews (semi-structured) with all the 25 LTSA. The data was further analyzed through a content analysis with a usage of NVivo10, a computer based program for coding or categorizing. The findings indicate that there are five main local challenges to Cambodia’s sustainable tourism: (1) Professional Tourism Skills and Qualifications, (2) Working Attitudes of Managers and Employees, (3) Tourism Law, Regulations, and Circulars, (4) Finances and Facilities, and (5) Public Tourism Awareness and Participation. These challenges can be broadly categorized as personal, institutional, and external problems; particularly related to the lack of financial resources, and especially human resources in regards to both quality and quantity of professional tourism officials. In order to effectively transcend sustainable tourism and local tourism management challenges, state actors play important roles. Firstly they have an internal managing role as a local manager, and secondly they have an external cooperating role which is closely defined as a local ambassador. Moreover, the state actor should strive for a third role: referred to as the personal advancing role. This is where the managers become a learner in order to improve personal skills and capacity based on experiential learning. Personal advancing roles can be further augmented through self-directed studies, workshops, seminars, training and education. As highlighted in the findings and discussion section, the quality of managing and cooperating roles of LTSA are heavily dependent on personal advancing roles. The role of LTSA has significant influence on sustainable tourism because the manager is the most central actor dealing directly with all relevant sustainable tourism stakeholders, especially for their contributions to the policy and decision making. Thus, the continuous advancement of qualifications, effectiveness and efficiency of LTSA in implementing their role is a priority and highly needed. State actors should focus on personal advancing roles to enhance managing and cooperating roles

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Reas, Penelope Jane. "The 'must-have' tourist experience : an exploration of the motivations, expectations, experience and outcomes of volunteer tourists in Siem Reap, Cambodia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6397/.

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Using consumerism as a lens, this qualitative study examines volunteering vacations with ‘poor’ children in Siem Reap, Cambodia by considering just what is being consumed in these popular tourist choices alongside those factors in contemporary ‘First World’ society that allow and encourage their consumption. Through the use of caring mantras such as ‘change lives forever’ and ‘make a world of difference’, vacation providers of what are considered to be a mass-niche product in the competitive global tourism marketplace, offer Siem Reap to potential consumers as one choice from an increasing range of ‘Third World’ destinations. However, using the concepts of commodification and objectification, I argue that it is the bodies of children that have become the commodities in these vacations, their lives and circumstances objectified as needy and available, in part to fulfil the vacation fantasies of holidaymakers who choose to use consumerism as both a vehicle for the enactment of their compassion, as well as the means by which to satisfy their own search for pleasure and reward. Furthermore, I also argue that privilege - often justified and taken-for-granted as a tool in the good-deed vacation tool-kit - works to obscure significant issues such as race, colonial continuities, global injustice and potential abuse. Through critically engaging volunteer tourism as commodity and consumption I have reframed the often asked questions around these vacations in order to offer a different commentary and perspective to these experiences. The research takes a longitudinal view of volunteer tourism in Siem Reap through the use of semi-structured interviews with potential and past consumers as well as interviews with and observations of vacationers in situ ‘doing volunteering’. An exploration of the grey literature from both the commercial and not-for-profit sectors, as well as photographs, add to the arguments presented here.

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Davis, Shannon. "The Ma(r)king of memory and the right to remember: design, interpretation and the movement of meaning. An investigation into the role of design in shaping Euro-Western experience and interpretation of the post genocide memoryscapes of Cambodia and Rwanda." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1392.

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Bearing witness to tragedy, the aftermath of genocide often resides quite evidently within the landscape. A potent container of memories and representation, the landscape provides both a symbolic role in which to honour the victims and give survivors a place to mourn and remember, but is also often infused with the tensions of post-genocide life. The memoryscapes of the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides illustrate these contested concerns explicitly. The case study sites investigated in this study - the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and the Choeung Ek Genocidal Centre in Cambodia, and the Kigali Memorial Centre in Rwanda - each express today (consciously or unconsciously) design strategies that engage the Euro-Western visitor. Termed Euro-Western ‘cues to connect’, encountered and existential phenomenological data is analysed in relation to design interpretation and the affective cognition of meaning. Finally, considered in relation to Berlin’s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, post genocide memorialisation is analysed in its ability to connect through time and culture - through its ability to transpose interpretations and evolve as the needs of society change.

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Chuk, Chumno. "Les contributions des organisations de la société civile au développement soutenable : le cas du tourisme du Cambodge." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22006.

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Depuis la dernière décennie, l’économie du Cambodge a connu un taux de croissance élevé, ce qui a entraîné une amélioration de conditions de vie et du bien-être social. Toutefois, la pauvreté est encore très répandue. La corruption, les abus de pouvoir et les inégalités sociales constituent des défis majeurs pour la croissance économique, ce qui passe par une gouvernance efficiente et une gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles. Par ailleurs, la forte croissance du nombre de touristes représente d'importantes recettes en devises et des possibilités d'emploi au pays. Mais, son développement a eu un coût, en affectant l'environnement et les valeurs sociales et culturelles dans les destinations touristiques. Dans cette mesure, ce travail de thèse se base sur l’hypothèse que les organisations de la société civile produisent des effets favorables à une gouvernance efficiente compatible avec le développement soutenable. Au Cambodge, ces organismes ont réussi à jouer, et continue à jouer un rôle positif, dans certaines limites, pour la gouvernance du développement soutenable. Elles ont contribué principalement à la surveillance et à la limitation de l'exercice du pouvoir du gouvernement, à encourager la responsabilisation, la formation et l'autonomisation des communautés locales ainsi qu’à la fourniture de l’assistance technique et financière nécessaire pour le développement du pays.Des études de terrain et des enquêtes empiriques auprès de 1.860 personnes ont été menées dans trois sites touristiques importants du Cambodge. Les principales conclusions de ces études et enquêtes révèlent que les organisations de la société civile jouent un rôle très important dans l’application du principe du développement soutenable dans les destinations touristiques. Sans leur participation, il est difficile d'imaginer que ces destinations touristiques pourraient être développées de manière soutenable. Le résultat de ces études a également souligné que le principe du développement soutenable pourrait être appliqué dans tout type du tourisme, que ce soit un tourisme de masse ou un tourisme alternatif comme l’écotourisme, même si le niveau de soutenabilité varie d’une destination à l'autre.La conclusion générale fait des recommandations en matière de gouvernance touristique. L’établissement d'un comité national pour le développement soutenable du tourisme, en se basant sur l'approche participative, est considéré comme nécessaire. Le rôle et la responsabilité de chaque membre seront clairement indiqués
Over the last decade, Cambodia's economy has experienced a high growth rate, resulting in an improvement in living standard and social welfare. However, poverty is still a major problem. Corruption, abuse of power and social inequality are major challenges for economic growth, which requires effective governance and sustainable management of natural resources. In addition, the growth of tourist number is significant foreign exchange earnings and employment opportunities. But so far, the development had a cost, affecting the environment, social and cultural values in the tourist destinations. In this sense, this thesis is based on the assumption that civil society organizations produce favourable effects for efficient governance compatible with sustainable development. In Cambodia, these organizations were able to play and continue to play a positive role, within certain limits, for the governance of sustainable development. They have mainly contributed to the monitoring and limiting the exercise of government power, encouraged accountability, training and empowerment of local communities as well as providing necessary technical and financial assistance for country development.Field studies and empirical surveys of 1,860 people are pursued in three main tourist destinations of Cambodia. The main findings of these field studies and surveys revealed that civil society organizations play a very important role in implementing the principle of sustainable development in tourist destinations. Without their participation, it is difficult to imagine that these tourist destinations could be developed in a sustainable manner. The results of these studies also point out that the principle of sustainable development could be applied in any type of tourism, regardless of mass or alternative tourism, especially ecotourism, although the level of sustainability varies from one destination to others.The conclusion makes recommendations for tourism governance. The establishment of a national committee for the sustainable development of tourism, based on the participatory approach, is considered necessary. The role and responsibility of each member shall be clearly indicated

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Bun, Kanhara. "Les habitants locaux face aux développements touristiques : le cas d’Angkor." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0071.

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Angkor, répertorié au patrimoine mondial, est un site culturel, historique, archéologique et également habité. Cette perle du Cambodge accueille plus de 5 millions de touristes chaque année et devient donc la clé de voute indispensable au développement économique du pays. Le développement touristique d’Angkor est encore récent et s’effectue de manière accélérée depuis 1998, époque du retour de la stabilité politique suite aux deuxièmes élections législatives, soit environ depuis 20 ans. Cet essor économique se traduit par la multiplication rapide des hôtels, guesthouses, restaurants, et marchés de nuit dans la ville de Siem Reap, le territoire annexe incontournable de la visite du site d’Angkor. Les habitants étaient-il ou/et sont-ils préparés à prendre part dans le tourisme d’Angkor ? La population locale pourrait-elle tirer parti du tourisme à court et long terme? A travers la double méthode quantitative et qualitative, la thèse examine l’implication directe et indirecte des habitants dans le développement économique du tourisme d’Angkor et étudie comment le tourisme a contribué à la reconfiguration sociale et économique de la population locale. Notre travail montre que l’adhésion des habitants au marché libre du tourisme connait un vrai succès lorsque celui-ci leur permet de se développer à la fois professionnellement et personnellement, et leur offre donc des bénéfices économiques et sociaux. Ceci est effectif en ce qui concerne les emplois dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie et de la restauration, bien qu’il reste encore des progrès à faire. En matière d’implication indirecte (agriculture et artisanat), de grands efforts sont nécessaires.Cette thèse apporte plus largement une réflexion sur la place ou les places que prend la population locale dans le système touristique d’un pays en voie de développement
The World Heritage Site of Angkor Wat is not only a cultural, historical, and archaeological site but also a living site. This “Pearl of Cambodia” hosts more than 5 million tourists each year and is quickly becoming the keystone of Cambodia’s economic development. However, the development of tourism in Angkor is very recent, having flourished at an accelerated pace after 1998 when the second General election brought political stability to the country.Increased economic development has resulted in the proliferation of hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, and night markets in the town of Siem Reap, the gateway for all visitors to Angkor. Are local people well-prepared to take part in the development of tourism in Angkor ? Is it possible for the local population to benefit from tourism in the short and long term ? This thesis uses a twofold method, both quantitative and qualitative, to analyze the direct and indirect involvement of local people in the economic development of tourism in Angkor. Ultimately, this study aims to show how the development of tourism has contributed to the social and economic reconfiguration of the local population. This research demonstrates that the participation of local people in the development of tourism is successful only when it contributes to their professional and personal development, such as their financial and non-financial benefits. This is evident in terms of employment in the hotel and catering sectors, although progress is still needed. Greater efforts still need to be made in the indirect participation of local people through agriculture and crafts. At a higher level, this thesis is a contribution to the study of the role of the local population in the tourism sector of a developing country

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Preuil, Sébastien. "La mise en tourisme du patrimoine khmer de la province de Siem Reap au Cambodge : aide à la lutte contre la pauvreté ou facteur de paupérisation?" Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS024S.

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Le Cambodge, petit pays d’Asie du Sud-Est correspond à l’une des nations les plus pauvres de la planète. Pourtant le pays demeure très riche sur le plan patrimonial, notamment dans la province de Siem Reap, berceau des temples d’Angkor. Ces vestiges archéologiques classés sur la liste du patrimoine mondial, fierté du peuple khmer attire chaque année près de 2 millions de visiteurs. Cette province du Cambodge est devenue alors en l’espace d’une vingtaine d’années la province la plus dynamique du pays sur le plan économique et attire des migrants en provenance des autres provinces du Cambodge. Pourtant malgré ce dynamisme, la province de Siem Reap demeure la plus pauvre du pays en termes de développement humain. Devons nous déduire que, dans le cas de pays en développement touchés par une pauvreté extrême, un territoire devenu subitement très attractif grâce à un secteur pourvoyeur d’emplois et susceptible de rapporter (pour certains) des salaires conséquents, engendre une misère plus grande encore que celle existant dans les provinces et les régions d’où proviennent les migrants ? Le tourisme de masse est-il responsable de ce phénomène de paupérisation ? Le tourisme durable peut-il renverser cette tendance ?
Cambodia, is a small country in South East Asia and one of the poorest nations on earth. Yet the country is still very rich in terms of heritage, particularly in the province of Siem Reap, home of Angkor temples. These archaeological place is the pride of the Khmer people and UNESCO declared Angkor a world heritage site in 1994. Each year nearly 2 million tourists visit this part of Cambodia. After the end of Khmers rouges régime and civil war, Siem Reap province has become the most dynamic province in the country and attracts migrants from other provinces of Cambodia. Yet despite this dynamism, Siem Reap province is still the poorest in terms of human development. How can we explain this paradox? Mass tourism can be responsible about this phenomenon of extreme poverty? Sustainable tourism and responsible tourism can be an answer to reduce this poverty?

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Tegelberg, Matthew. "Hidden sights : tourism, representation and Lonely Planet Cambodia /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29621.

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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Communication and Culture.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-120). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29621

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Keangsay, Taing, and 王協泰. "A Study of Sustainable Tourism Development of Angkor World Heritage Area, Siem Reap, Cambodia." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76711094526333817294.

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碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
95
ABSTRACT The tourism development in Cambodia, especially the Siem Reap destination, is becoming well-known from year by year. This fact brings to the entire destination of Siem Reap in both positive and negative issues. Cambodia is now enjoying from the tourism development. However, tourism development generates not only the benefits to the host country’s the tourism businesses and economic growth but also the negative impacts. The purpose of this study is to provide an assessment of tourism impact of Siem Reap in order to propose strategies for planning the sustainable tourism development. Specifically, this study is to understand the perceptions, the participations, and the attitudes of the tourism business’ managers towards the sustainable tourism through a survey focused on the tourism business in Siem Reap. Based on the result of the survey, most of tourism businesses were lack of the awareness of sustainable tourism. The government had not put sufficient efforts to maintain the sustainability of the tourism. It is really a negative sign which could lead the degradation of Siem Reap. The tourism businesses might accept for the environmental education instead of the regulations related conservative activities.

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Navuth, Phon, and 彭那武. "A Study of International Tourist Perceptions towards Cambodian Toul Sleng Museum Based on Dark Tourism Theory." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88896155068717214550.

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碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
96
Cultural tourism is the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry, because there is a trend toward an increased specialization among tourists. Most of the tourists who came to visit Cambodia were interested in Angkor sites, S-21 genocide museum site, and some other destination which the most preferred tourism experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate how tourists’ perception what they satisfy while visiting S-21 museum. The 41-items survey questionnaire was developed to conduct a survey on tourist perception with 320 subjects in order to identify the relationship between tourists’ cultural experience, perceived value, service quality and tourists’ perception that can make tourist become destination loyalty Structured methodologies were used in order to capture the richness of the destination perceptions (perceived cultural experience, perceived value and service quality) and loyalty construct. The result of SEM in this study indicated that service quality is positively related to perceive value, and perceived cultural experience, perceived value and service quality are positive related tourist perception which positive related to loyalty of the destination. Based on the results, several suggestions can be made to improve tourist perception and become loyalty of S-21 museum. First, comprehending what tourists seek at Cambodia dark tourism site attractions would help tourism marketers better understand their customers. Second, improve the level of perceived value and service quality which attributes satisfy tourist who visit the destination. These findings hope to help marketers and tourism authorities to emphasize the strengths in their promotion campaign and positioning strategies to the right target market.

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Wood, Timothy Dylan. "Tracing the Last Breath." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/21955.

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Anlong Veng was the last stronghold of the Khmer Rouge until the organization's ultimate collapse and defeat in 1999. This dissertation argues that recent moves by the Cambodian government to transform this site into an “historical-tourist area” is overwhelmingly dominated by commercial priorities. However, the tourism project simultaneously effects an historical narrative that inherits but transforms the government’s historiographic endeavors that immediately followed Democratic Kampuchea’s 1979 ousting. The work moves between personal encounters with the historical, academic presentations of the country’s recent past, and government efforts to pursue a museum agenda in the context of “development through tourism” policies.
Department of Anthropology Rice University Wagoner Scholarship for Study Abroad Center for Khmer Studies

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Sokha, Yem, and 顏碩凱. "A Study of International Tourists' Destination Image, Satisfaction, and Destination Loyaly toward Angkor, Cambodia." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3eca95.

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碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
96
Tourism is a significant source of income, increased employment and economic growth. Cambodia is famous for its historical site, Angkor destination, and has attracted a lot of international tourists since 1993. The purpose of this study is to investigate what tourists satisfy while they were visiting Angkor destination and what factors that related to tourists’ loyalty. A 47-items questionnaire survey was developed to conduct a survey on international tourist’s perception. 428 samples were selected conveniently, but valid 400 questionnaires with 93.46% of effective rate were contributed to data analysis by using SPSS 15.0. The methodologies of factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis are to use in order to capture the relationship among constructs. The research findings confirmed that there are the relationships among Destination Image, Tourist’s satisfaction, and Destination Loyalty. Several recommendations were made to increase tourist’s satisfaction, and destination loyalty. Firstly, Tourism/destination manager should provide information center with the related information about the destination which is easy for tourists to know exactly the location of tourists’ attraction. Secondly, tourism marketer should promote and focus on the specific target market such as Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the United States.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism Cambodia'

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