Dissertations / Theses: 'Tourism destination'

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SCIORTINO, Caterina. "Tourism expenditure and tourism intra-destination mobility." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/564984.

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Hornby, Glen. "Influence of Inter-Organisational Relationships on Tourism Operator Participation in Destination Marketing Systems." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368087.

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Destination marketing systems are a prevalent technology in the tourism industry. A particular feature of destination marketing systems is that they rely on tourism operators’ participation so that comprehensive product information can be delivered to potential tourists. A review of literature revealed that stakeholder cooperation has been a major issue in many destination marketing systems, and a lack of tourism operators’ participation in them has inhibited destination marketing system success. Research that has addressed this issue has suggested technology adoption issues have inhibited tourism operators’ participation. Some research has identified that inter-organisational relationships may be influencing tourism operators’ participation, however there has been little research addressing this topic... Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management Griffith Business School Full Text

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Teoh, Simon. "Lesbian Tourism: ‘Perth W.A. as an attractive lesbian tourist destination’." Thesis, Teoh, Simon (2009) Lesbian Tourism: ‘Perth W.A. as an attractive lesbian tourist destination’. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1654/.

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In September 2008, the Lord Mayor of Perth announced her vision for Perth to be more ‘gayfriendly’. Her vision aroused some dissonance from the ultra conservatives. The aim of this thesis is to determine the attractiveness of Perth as a lesbian destination. The significance of this study is to understand local lesbian residents’ perceptions of Perth as a ‘lesbian-friendly’ destination, and to evaluate the motivation and satisfaction of lesbian-tourists to Perth. The methodology used included participation observation at the 2009 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade; a semi-structured focus group interview of 4 self-identified lesbian Perth residents, and a purposive sample, using snowball effect, of 112 self-identified lesbians for an on-line survey. The data was analysed using content and statistical analysis. The findings were interpreted using a social constructivist approach, within a male feminist framework. The findings indicated that slightly over a quarter of lesbian Perth residents felt that Perth is ‘lesbian-friendly’ (27%). Whilst ‘culture and sights’ was the top motivator for a lesbian vacation (94%), ‘visiting friends and family’ was the top motivator for lesbian tourists visiting Perth (71%). Slightly over a tenth of lesbian tourists were satisfied with lesbian attractions in Perth (13%). Overall, only a small number of respondents found Perth to be their first-choice ‘lesbian-friendly’ destination (6%), with an overwhelming majority wanting to see more lesbian attractions (85%), and 5% agreeing that there are sufficient lesbian venues. These results strongly suggest that Perth is not ‘lesbian-friendly’, and lacks attractions and venues as an attractive lesbian tourist destination. Recommendations for further research arising from these findings include undertaking a comparison between Perth and other Australian cities in terms of lesbian tourism.

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Khalifa, Akram Esa Omar. "Destination Libya : developing Libya as an internationally competitive tourism destination." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/922.

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Libya is an emerging tourism destination in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Early efforts to encourage tourism in the 1990s were re-energised after the lifting of UN sanctions in 2003 following dramatic changes in Libya’s foreign policy. Despite a healthy economy, high rates of unemployment (30%) combine with a dominant source of income - oil - which contributes 95% of GDP. Thus Libya is considering tourism for economic diversification. This thesis explores the challenges that face Libya in this endeavour and develops a best practice model (SCDM2) to help Libya achieve its ambitions as an internationally-competitive tourism destination. Data collection from key stakeholders in the Libyan tourism product (government officials, tour operators, hotel managers, tourists and local communities) involved five qualitative methods (focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, audio-visual materials and participant observation). Libya is a unique destination with: long untouched coastal beaches; stunning and wellpreserved Roman and Greek antiquities; amazing desert adventure opportunities; prehistoric civilisations; generous and hospitable people. Despite being very safe, Libya has an image problem in the UK: desert; hot; a culture similar to other Arab countries; controlled by Qudaffi who promotes anti western policies. The tourism industry faces enormous challenges, mostly related to the absence of a clear strategy for tourism development: destination accessibility; poor protection for tourism attractions/antiquities; weak human resource development, environmental and quality service issues. The demand side of SCDM2 focuses on destination image. The supply side addresses destination elements: destination accessibility; destination planning and management; supporting resources; local communities; comparative advantage; the significance of global environment. The thesis concludes that despite good comparative advantage there are major challenges to delivering appropriately-priced, high-quality products enabling Libya to compete with other MENA destinations and makes a number of recommendations to Libya’s decision-makers to address the key challenges.

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Cavalheiro, Mariana Brandão. "Understanding smart tourism destination: evidence from a smart city project implementation in an international tourism destination." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19309.

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Submitted by Mariana Brandão (marianabrandao@globo.com) on 2017-12-04T15:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-12-04T15:57:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T18:41:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017.Mariana Brandao Cavalheiro_Tese.pdf: 79871762 bytes, checksum: a853438e2692cc3ee64c7fb1f7686206 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-18 O rápido aumento da população urbana apresenta novos desafios para a administração de cidades em todo o mundo. No entanto, com a adoção generalizada de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), um número crescente de iniciativas estão sendo implementadas para aliviar essa tensão ao tentar transformar os centros urbanos em cidades inteligentes. Paralelamente ao conceito de cidades inteligentes, uma variação específica deste conceito emergiu no setor de turismo, cunhado na ideia de destinos turísticos inteligentes (DTI). Com base na experiência de Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brasil), esta pesquisa explora algumas questões cruciais ao processo de transformação de um destino turístico em inteligente. De fato, os principais destinos turísticos estão implementando cada vez mais as TIC para enriquecer as experiências dos turistas e, como resultado, melhorar a competitividade do destino. Apesar do crescente número de iniciativas de DTI em diferentes países, a literatura existente permanece incipiente sobre esse fenômeno crescente. Assim, o primeiro artigo desta tese propõe um modelo teórico – o Smart Destinantion Development Model - visando indicar um caminho estratégico que um destino turístico deveria seguir para se tornar inteligente. Ao discutir a ideia de DTI, argumentamos que, além de aumentar a competitividade do destino, um projeto de DTI deve basear-se em um paradigma sustentável para criar valor público para a comunidade local. O segundo trabalho, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da teoria Ator-Rede, está focado em investigar o processo de implementação do projeto de cidade inteligente de Armação dos Búzios, denominado Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Além disso, essa pesquisa também tentou entender o papel do contexto na implementação de um projeto de cidade inteligente. Nossas descobertas revelam que o projeto da cidade inteligente estudado foi principalmente motivado pela regulação pública e decisões, que caracterizamos como de cima para baixo, praticadas através das interações de seus participantes Após reconhecer o papel dos atores envolvidos no projeto CIB, bem como suas motivações, o terceiro artigo analisou o mesmo projeto usando o modelo SDDM. Desta forma, o artigo III visa investigar se, no processo de implementação do projeto da cidade inteligente, Armação dos Búzios também buscou se tornar um DTI. Nossos resultados mostraram que, apesar das oportunidades que surgiram com a infraestrutura tecnológica trazida pelo projeto da cidade inteligente, o setor de turismo de Armação dos Búzios não conseguiu se tornar mais eficiente. Assim, o último artigo provou que as TIC não irão atuar por si só para melhorar a experiência dos turistas. Na verdade, há uma cadeia de valor turístico muito complexa que precisa ser organizada e envolvida com uma visão estratégica comum, antes que a tecnologia se torne útil para aumentar a competitividade do destino turístico. The rapid increase in urban population poses significant challenges to the administration of cities throughout the world. However, with the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT), a growing number of initiatives are being implemented to alleviate such strain by attempting to transform urban centers into Smart Cities. Parallel to the concept of Smart City, a specific variation of this concept is emerging in the Tourism sector, which regards the idea of Smart Tourism Destinations (STD). Drawing upon Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brazil) experience, this research explores some key issues to be addressed in the process of transforming a tourism destination into a smart one. In fact, mainstream tourism destinations are increasingly implementing ICTs to enrich tourists' experiences and, as a result, improve the competitiveness of the tourism destination. Despite the growing number of STD initiatives in different countries, the extant literature remains silent on this growing phenomenon. As such, the first article of this thesis proposes a theoretical model – The Smart Destination Development Model – aimed at indicating a strategic path that a tourism destination should follow to become a smart one. By discussing the idea of STD, we argue that besides enhancing the destination competitiveness, an STD project should be grounded on a sustainable paradigm in order to create public value for the hosting community. The second paper, developed under the Actor-Network theory perspective, is focused on investigating the implementation process of the smart city project that took place in Armação dos Búzios, named Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Additionally, this research also attempted to understand the role of context in the implementation of a smart city project. Our findings reveal that the smart city project studied was primarily motivated by public regulation and mainstream decisions we characterized as top-down decisions implemented through interactions of project participants. After acknowledging the role of actors involved the CIB project, as well as their motivations, the third article has studied the same project using the SDDM. In this way, article III aims at investigating if in the process of implementing the smart city project, Armação dos Búzios also sought to become a STD. Our results have shown that, despite the opportunities that emerged with the technological infrastructure brought by the smart city project, the tourism sector of Armação dos Búzios was not able to become more efficient. Thus, the last paper has proven that ICT will not act by itself in improving the tourists’ experience. In fact, there is a very complex touristic value chain that needs to be organized, and be engaged with a common strategic vision, before technology becomes useful to increase the tourism destination competitiveness.

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PINTORI, MORENA. "TOURISM DESTINATION MANAGEMENT: UN APPROCCIO MULTIDISCIPLINARE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249621.

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The Tourism Destination Management field addressed tourism sector mainly from economic, environmental and political point of view but, an important 'change of regime' is taking place. Recently, we assist to a growing interest in so-called "hopeful tourism", an emerging, value-based paradigm, an innovative perspective, which uses new approaches to tourism discipline. An increasing number of "responsible tourism” researchers are now interested in making tourism knowledge geared towards ethical and global objectives, interpreting tourism as a catalyst capable of playing a central role in creating more sustainable world challenge and in promoting human dignity, rights and social justice.Tourist destination is seen as the unit of analysis suitable for this purpose. The themes developed emphasize important ethical, social and cultural aspects related to destinations. Given the multidisciplinary characteristic of tourism discipline, we adopts a holistic and socio-cultural approach by developing arguments through different perspectives combining humanistic values and scientific methods. This study is composed by three papers whose titles are: 1) Value co-creation and territory. The Monumenti Aperti case study; 2) Managing destination accessibility using information technologies tools; 3) Branding tourism destination and cultural myths. The first article aims to explore the issue of value co-creation, normally applied in enterprise sector, in the management of cultural attractions in a specific territory/destination. Using a case study, Monumenti Aperti event, we evaluate key aspects and emergent issue and factors that may foster local players to embrace the logic of value co-creation in destination management and development. It proposes and tests a first model able to describe the complexity of territorial value co-creation and to underline the relationships between identity, commitment, and value co-creation dimensions. The second study point out as the acceptance of diversity and the pursuit of equity and inclusiveness are important parameters in evaluating good and sustainable local tourism governance. The goal is to provide a framework able to analyse the relations between sustainable tourism development, tourism accessibility for People with Disability (PwD) and Information Technology (IT), focusing on the role of I.T. to overcome accessibility issues. A combined methods was adopted (Authomatic method and User judgement) involving PwD in evaluating website accessibility. A sample based on tourism destinations websites who won Sustainable and Accessible European Awards, has been used. The criteria and tools are taken from the UNWTO recommendations and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 to evaluate perception, discoverability, understanding and use capabilities dimensions. Results allow to better understand the way in which sustainable destinations deal with the issue of accessibility and to realize what prior fields and web tools destinations should implement to achieve global accessibility. The third article extend the research on destination branding processes and the influential role of residents on building brand destination identity and personality. The study aims to explore the role of residents in the construction of destination identity. We use the Sardinian myth of Janas, promoted through a movie. Applying qualitative methods, using in-depth interviews with the producers of the movie, we identified attributes and dimensions used in the second part of the study, which consists in employing projective techniques (word association, sentences completion and personalisation) with residents who saw the movie. Results allowed to deeply understand the link between brand identity, personality and community identity in the branding process and the effectiveness of the strategy used.

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Brown, Desmond Omotayo. "The effects of channel power, destination attractiveness and destination political risk events on U.S. tourism channel firms' performance : the case of tourism destinations in Africa /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155602/.

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Ngenzi, Kome Yves. "Perceived barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as a tourist destination." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2121.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. Tourism is regarded as the fastest growing industry in the world. Africa was identified at the World Investment Conference in Geneva (WAIPA, 2005) as one of the continents with a significant potential for developing tourism. Located in sub-Saharan Africa, Rwanda is a low income, landlocked and densely populated country in Africa. Tourism provides the best alternative for economic development to Rwanda which does not have mineral resources unlike most African countries. The development of tourism can contribute a lot to this country through reduction of the level of poverty, creation of job opportunities as well as contributing to the national income. However, the tourism industry in Rwanda is still in its early stages due to the 1994 war. Most of the parks re-opened in 1998/1999, and still concentrate on low volume of tourists. Until now Rwanda is not recognised among the known tourist destinations in Africa; it is believed to be a less developed place for tourists. This study presents barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as perceived by domestic and international tourists as well as workers in the tourism sector of Rwanda. The study was conducted in the four provinces of Rwanda and the capital city, Kigali. A quantitative design using two cross-sectional questionnaires was utilised to establish the opinions of the participants. A sample of 426 participants, including 68 international tourists, 182 domestic tourists as well as 176 workers in the tourism sector was selected to participate in the study.

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Manuga, M. "Identify the predictors of tourist intentions to return to South Africa as a tourism destination." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/397.

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M. Tech. (Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Human Sciences)|, Vaal University of Technology. Tourism is regarded as a modern-day engine of growth and one of the largest industries globally. In 2012, the G20 heads of state recognised tourism as a driver of growth and development as well as an industry that has the potential to spur global economic recovery. South Africa is currently receiving a higher number of first time visitors with the number of return visitors for leisure purposes very low. It is thus the aim of the study to identify the predictors of tourist’s intention to return to South Africa. Specifically, this study will focus on demographic characteristics, travel behaviour, travel motivations and satisfaction intention to return. This information can contribute to adjusting marketing and product strategies to enhance visitors’ intention to return. A quantitative survey was done at Aerial Cable Way (Table Mountain National Park) where 800 respondents were requested to participate in the study. The Cable Way attracts a high number of international visitors who was the population for this study. The questionnaire was distributed by fieldworkers who returned 720 completed questionnaires. The data was captured, analysed and interpreted to identify the predictors of visitor’s intention to return to South Africa as a tourism destination. The respondents were on average 40 years of age, mostly male, from the USA and UK respectively and married. They hold either a degree or a diploma and serve in professional or management occupations. When visiting South Africa these respondents stay on average 16 days, travel in groups of 3.71 and they prefer hotels and lodges. It was evident in this research that respondents were mainly first-time visitors, emphasizing the problem that this research assess. These respondents travel to enjoy Relaxation and Novelty, Social motivations, Cultural motivations, Personal Motivations and Product motivations of which Relaxation and Novelty and Cultural motivations were rated as the most important. These travel motivations were influenced by gender, occupation and accommodation preferences. Core to this study and addressing the main aim of the study was the finding that Communication, Experience, Safety and the Tourism offering contributes to willingness to return of which the Experience and Safety were the most important aspects. These willingness were also influenced by gender and occupation. Ultimately it is about the experience in South Africa. The relationship between willingness to return and travel motivations were also evident highlighting the inter- dependence of these variables. It was evident that marketing campaigns should be adjusted and more value-added products should be provided to increase intention to return. Continuous communication is needed with people that visited this country and showing new products, discount offers and unique products. Clearly the importance of intention to revisit is evident an aspect that needs attention in South Africa.

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Gie, Jannie Adriaan. "Destination management: critical success factors for Knysna as an international tourism destination." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1433.

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Tourism, as an industry, has a great impact on society and the environment. It adds to economic growth; and therefore, many governments try to enhance tourism because they realise the potential economic returns. Within each country, there are towns or cities that have great tourism potential. In South Africa, Knysna is a good example of a small town with great tourism potential. This study examines the critical success factors of tourism destination marketing for the town of Knysna. Most South Africans see Knysna as an ideal holiday destination, as it has the infrastructure and offerings to make tourists' holidays unforgettable. However, unfortunately, in recent times bad publicity has caused Knysna's image to be damaged. To improve the town's image and to add to its economic growth, tourism bodies and the community have had to work together to ensure that Knysna sustains its position in the national and international tourism markets. The best way to achieve this is through effective destination management and destination marketing. The aim of this study is to determine how effective destination management and destination marketing can lead to competitive growth and to enhancing a destination's position in the tourism industry, and also to providing a set of practical guidelines for the successful implementation of the destination marketing of the town of Knysna. A literature study was conducted to find out what the theory reveals about destination management and marketing. This was followed by an empirical survey; and this survey was conducted in Knysna in the Western Cape. The results of the survey were compared with the literature and tourism operators and managers can now use these as a point of departure to fill any gaps, thus leading to the optimal positioning of Knysna on the international tourism map.

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Boonsirichai, Morakot. "Tourists' perceptions of Samui Island, Thailand as a tourist destination." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002boonsirichaim.pdf.

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Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim, and n/a. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070712.142534.

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A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi).

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Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365179.

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A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi). Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith Business School Griffith Business School Full Text

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Bartis, Hugh Henry. "Local tourism governance of destination marketing organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17799.

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Globally tourism is one of the biggest industries and its role is considered key in economic development. In South Africa, tourism is one of the main economic drivers. Thus, tourism contributes to the gross domestic product, generates foreign exchange and provides sustainable employment opportunities. In order to facilitate local economic development (LED), local destination marketing organisations (DMOs) need to ensure that their operations are geared towards optimising the economic advantages related to tourism growth and development. As a result the DMOs must be strategic and well-managed. One way of achieving this is to ensure that the board of directors and specifically the non-executive directors (NEDs) practise good governance. In South Africa, three (3) types of DMOs are found, namely those that are funded by local government and incorporated into the municipality. The second type of DMOs is funded by the private sector. The third type of DMOs is those funded by both the local government and the private sector. In this case, the DMO has an agreement with the local government in terms of what their mandate is and what the agreed outcomes would be. A board of directors, comprising both executive directors (EDs) and nonexecutive directors (NEDs) is responsible for the governance of the local DMO. The main research problem of the study is the attributes and experience of the nonexecutive directors that serve on the boards of DMOs in accordance with developmental standards of best practices. In order to address the main problem, the following research objectives were formulated: To identify best practice by examining the literature as to how NEDs are prepared to serve on boards of both listed and non-listed organisations. To determine whether any policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on DMOs in South Africa. To examine whether any training or preparatory programmes exist specifically for NEDs in DMOs. To investigate whether NEDs should have specific attributes that would improve their governance of DMOs. To develop a set of recommendations that would assist NEDs to play a more effective role when executing their responsibilities. In order to address these research objectives, a quantitative research methodology was adopted sampling all the DMOs in South Africa that could be identified and were governed by a board of directors. For this purpose, a self-completed questionnaire was distributed to the board of directors of DMOs and specifically the non-executive directors. The results of the study indicated that no guidelines existed that DMOs could follow to better prepare the NEDs of local DMOs. Furthermore, no policy frameworks provide guidance to NEDs serving on local DMOs. The only guidelines that exist are generic guidelines of the King IV Report for NEDs of listed and non-listed organisations. In addition, Pike (2016:108) listed a number of characteristics of good governance. The study also revealed that no training or preparatory programmes exist for the NEDs of local DMOs. Finally, the study highlighted five (5) attributes that NEDs consider as critical in fulfilling their obligations. These include the empowerment of NEDs, the commitment of NEDs, communication with NEDs, job satisfaction of the NEDs and the need for NEDs to understand policy frameworks relevant to their tasks.

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Curto, Justin. "Resident Perceptions of Tourism in a Rapidly Growing Mountain Tourism Destination." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2904.

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It is generally agreed that tourism results in both positive and negative impacts for residents of tourism destinations. There is a need to study resident perceptions of tourism because local residents are the ones who are most directly affected by tourism (Haywood, 2000; Simmons, 1994; Snaith and Haley, 1999). The study of resident perceptions is also valuable in that it can illuminate the views of those whose views are not otherwise heard. Several dozen studies have examined residents' perceptions of tourism and the vast majority of these studies have been rooted in positivism and apply quantitative methods. Recently a growing body of research has emerged which examine residents' perceptions of tourism from a qualitative research approach. The intent of this study is to determine residents' perceptions of tourism in a rapidly growing mountain tourism destination. The Collingwood region of Ontario was used as the case study for this research. Specifically, this study examines residents' views on the current rate of growth, the costs and benefits of tourism, tourism as an economic development strategy, and the theoretical frameworks which might help to explain tourism in the Collingwood region. This study is based on three research approaches which include qualitative inquiry, grounded theory, and explanatory case study research. Triangulation of data sources was used to examine the case from multiple perspectives and include a qualitative content analysis of the local newspaper, semi-structured interviews with residents and semi-structured key informant interviews. This data was analyzed using the constant comparative method. The analysis resulted in the emergence of four major themes including growth, economic, political, and environmental. Growth was the dominant theme discussed by residents and some of the prevalent sub-themes include the lack of affordable housing, infrastructure problems, residential development, and new amenities and services. Some of the sub-themes include the economic benefits of tourism and economic development. Residents' vision for the future and their views on the Collingwood town council are political sub-themes discussed. The two significant environment issues which emerged were concerns over a new resort and housing development and the rapid rate of golf course development. Additionally, residents were asked what types of tourism they consider desirable and the two dominant forms which surfaced were nature/ecotourism and cultural tourism. The analysis of the findings revealed that residents interviewed view tourism as one component of a larger system of growth and development within the Collingwood region. It was also revealed that most residents were more concerned about the rate and scale of development rather than the type of growth occurring in the Collingwood region. Furthermore, residents' recognize the complex nature of tourism impacts, and identify several indirect and induced impacts which result from tourism. This analysis also revealed that the lack of affordable housing within the region impacts both permanent residents and seasonal migrant workers. Two theoretical frameworks which were examined in relation to tourism in the Collingwood region include chaos systems theory and growth machine theory. Three recommendations resulted from the research and include the creation of a tourism and urban growth policy and planning committee, a comprehensive affordable housing strategy, and the targeting of small and mid-sized business development.

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Ngobeni, Clara Claire Lobisa. "Identifying the push and pull factors of a medical tourism destination." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77916.

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Some tourists travel for medical reasons, and this is known as medical tourism. The growth of medical tourism is mainly spurred by globalisation and the availability of quality healthcare services in receiving countries. Once a medical need arises, a prospective medical tourist would usually search and gather information about prospective medical tourism destinations. Various push and pull factors would determine whether a destination will be selected by tourists to satisfy their medical needs. The aim of this study was thus to identify the push and pull factors of a medical tourism destination, and based on these, to measure South Africa’s performance as a medical tourism destination. Making use of a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 medical tourism tour operators. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Some of the push factors identified were the cost and lack of treatment/medical services in medical tourists’ home countries, the availability of expertise and medical facilities at the receiving destination, and the wish to avoid long waiting lists. The quality of hospitals, cost of surgery, expertise of the physicians, as well as the accessibility of destinations were indicated as the pull factors. The findings also show that medical tourists seem to be more interested in the reputation of the healthcare providers and hospitals than in typical tourist activities in medical tourism destinations. The findings of this study highlight the fact that South Africa is not known as a medical tourism destination. Hence there is a need for South Africa to be promoted by government and other stakeholders as a credible, affordable and accessible medical tourism destination. The study contributes to the available literature on medical tourism but from the perspective of medical tourism tour operators as major stakeholders in the medical tourism industry. Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020. Tourism Management MPhil Unrestricted

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Seakhoa-King, Arthur. "Conceptualising 'quality of a tourism destination' : an investigation of the attributes and dimensions of quality of a tourism destination." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/299479.

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Tourism destinations need to continuously improve in quality to succeed, if not to survive. To improve quality, current levels need to be measured to identify areas requiring improvement. However, no adequate technique for measuring the quality of a tourism destination has yet been developed. More importantly, tourists' understanding of the meaning of the term 'quality of a tourism destination' has not been investigated; a pre-requisite step for developing a technique for measuring the quality of a tourism destination. This thesis aims to ascertain the attributes and dimensions of quality of a tourism destination and to specify implications for the development of a technique for measuring its quality. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research approach is employed in the first stage of the thesis. The findings from this stage are used to inform the ensuing, mainly quantitative phase. The main results are summarised here. Firstly, seventy-five attributes and twelve dimensions of quality of a tourism destination were revealed in the qualitative phase of the study. Secondly, in the quantitative stage, an analysis of mean score values revealed that tourists strongly associated all seventy-five attributes and twelve dimensions with the quality of a tourism destination. Thirdly, it was established that the twelve dimensions of quality of a tourism destination differ in either breadth or scope from both service quality dimensions widely used in tourism and product quality dimensions from the quality management field. This thesis suggests that the quality of a tourism destination can best be defined as 'conformance to tourist requirements'. The main hypothesis; that there are significant differences in interpretations of the meaning of 'quality of a tourism destination' within groups oftourists, is rejected. Finally, the thesis ascertains that a tool for measuring the quality of a tourism destination can be developed based on the findings of the thesis. Such a tool, though predominantly quantitative, should include open-ended questions. This would allow changing tourist needs to be captured periodically and the results used to update the tool for measuring the quality of a tourism destination.

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Reinikka, Linda. "Brand Identity : Improving event tourism in Helsinki." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29915.

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The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Destinationcompetitiveness emphasizes the need to link competitiveness to a destination's ability to delivergoods and services better than other destinations on those parts of the tourism experience regardedas being important by tourists. The phenomenon of using events to strategically build andstrengthen a destination's brand identity has received very little attention. This study aims to investigate how the Destination Management Organisations in Helsinki arebuilding a brand identity, and how events may be used strategically in this process. Interviews havebeen undertaken with few organisations of various sizes and characteristics. Two distinct divisionsformed the base of the thesis; the first with a clear focus on how the DMO is working to create abrand identity, while the latter concentrated on the same topic from a focused perspective; how thebrand identity may be created with the use of events. After this, the research phase is entered, whichinvolves gathering the necessary data required for determining the current identity of thedestination. Once the research phase was completed, the process moved into a phase of shaping thebrand identity. Through the interviews the writer was able to get better perceptions of how the cityis merged with views and objectives of where the city wants to be, or where they desire to be in the future.

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Meng, Fang. "An Examination of Destination Competitiveness from the Tourists' Perspective: The Relationship between Quality of Tourism Experience and Perceived Destination Competitiveness." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25936.

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Destination competitiveness has become a critical issue in today's increasingly challenging tourism market. Many studies have indicated that tourists and their needs stand as the ultimate driving force which influences competition and competitiveness in the tourism destination. Today, destinations eventually compete on the quality of tourism experience offered to visitors. However, limited research has been undertaken to examine destination competitiveness from the tourists' perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quality of tourism experience on tourists' perception of destination competitiveness. A destination competitiveness model based on the perceptions of tourists and a measurement instrument to assess the constructs of the model were developed for this study. The model proposes that tourists' perceived destination competitiveness is affected by the quality of tourism experience, which includes the experience in pre-trip planning, en-route, on-site, and after-trip (reflection) phases. Furthermore, tourist involvement, as an important salient dimension of consumer behavior, is introduced into the model as a moderating factor in the relationship between quality of tourism experience and perceived destination competitiveness. The sample population of this study consists of residents of Virginia who are 18 years old or above and took at least one leisure trip away from home in the past 18 months. Three hundred and fifty-three usable questionnaires were utilized in the data analysis of the study. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis were performed to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that the quality of tourism experience and tourists' perception of destination competitiveness do relate to each other as substantiated by the existence of shared common variances between these two major constructs. The study also revealed that tourists' perception of destination competitiveness is positively influenced by the quality of tourism experience in terms of different phases (pre-trip planning, en-route experience, on-site instrumental experience, on-site expressive experience, and after-trip reflection). Furthermore, tourist involvement appears to have a moderating effect on the relationship between pre-trip planning experience, en-route experience, on-site expressive experience, and perceived destination competitiveness. The study also provided managerial implications to destination managers and marketers based on the research findings. Ph. D.

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Mansour, F. "Destination branding analytical study applied to Sultanate of Oman as a tourism destination." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/49238/.

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The aim of this study is to develop a model for tourism destination branding using Oman as a case study by examining the Omani context and its characteristics from the perspective of both potential tourists (the demand side) and the Omani tourism providers (the supply side) while taking into consideration the impact of cross-cultural communication. Although several studies have recognised the importance of both sides of the market for effective destination branding, there is still a gap in knowledge in terms of providing a holistic model which could satisfy the brand expectations of destination personnel and tourists. A mixed methods approach was applied to analysing the destination brand components of the Sultanate of Oman. The study adopted a quantitative questionnaire as a tool to identify the perceptions and attitudes of potential international tourists towards Oman. This was done because a large number of responses from potential tourists was required in order to identify differences in perceptions of potential tourists towards Oman's destination image. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect supply-side data, to explore the attributes involved in the projected image of Oman in developing its brand. In this way, government officials (managers and senior staff), tour operators and tourist guides were consulted. The findings of these people show a positive relationship between word of mouth and brand image. Word of mouth and other sources such as social media represent the most significant information sources used by actual visitors. Education level influences the demand-side responses, particularly among those who have visited before. However, Oman also has a significant positive image in terms of safety and atmosphere, which should be incorporated into the brand. The Oman logo was also an issue because it has little meaning for non-Arab tourists; therefore, a clear understanding of the logo is a very important aspect of branding. The findings also showed that limited strategy, cooperation and coordination among Omani planners and marketers have had an impact on branding and gaps between the supply and demand sides were identified as a result of limited promotion of the country's brand identity. The model presented as a result of this study includes both supply- and demand-sides. The supply-side includes coordination and cooperation between supply-side members; it also defines the brand identity attributes offered by providers and highlights the importance of understanding other aspects of destination branding such as brand naming, memorable logo elements and structure design, and highlighted the importance of brand position. On the other hand, the demand side includes brand image and awareness. It considers variable influences on the image brand such as tourists' level of satisfaction, experience, word of mouth, and education. The study highlights the importance of communication marketing and identifies concerns such as customer feedback and noise; noise is distributed everywhere in the model, because it occurs in the brand message. The model will help Omani tourism marketers to develop their brand and understand the process of developing destination branding. Also, it can be applied to other destinations which need to develop their own tourism brand.

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Jayaswal, Tanu. "Events-induced tourism: a protocol analysis." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/897.

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Many destinations throughout the world have developed events portfolios as a strategic initiative to attract tourists and their associated economic benefits. The ability of events to attract people to a destination for the purpose of attending the event is well documented. However the ability of an event to add value to attract tourists before or after the event is not so clear. In other words, can an events portfolio positively influence the decision to visit a destination at a time when none of the promoted events are scheduled? As a first step towards answering this important question, this study explores the contribution of an events portfolio to a consumer’s perceptions of a destination and how this influences their decision to attend a destination under these circumstances. The proposed study conducts a protocol analysis based on consumer’s decision-making thoughts. Each participant was given a choice between two destinations in India. Participants were asked to ‘think out loud’ as they made the decision to visit one of two possible destinations, one with an events portfolio and the other without. However, their visit does not coincide with the events’ dates. The results suggest four lines of reasoning utilised by prospective tourists in the destination choice process: 1) destination image; 2) the timing of the event with respect the time of visit; 3) tourists’ level of interest in the event; and, 4) events not listed in the events portfolio might be scheduled during the time of the proposed visit. In course of finding lines of reasoning for cross-cultural issues it was found that culture, architecture, English language usage, and food are the major aspects that tourists consider while travelling to Indian destinations. In terms of the events portfolio, there is evidence of a preference for a ‘fit’ between the event and Indian culture.

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Blasco, Franch Daniel. "Tourism destination zoning and governance in border regions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145759.

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Debates on the creation and management of tourism destinations have increased during the last decades. This dissertation endeavours to contribute to the literature on tourism destinations planning and governance, with special emphasis on border areas. The objectives of this research presented under the modality of 'Thesis per articles' are: 1) to develop a methodology that can help in identifying consumption pattern-based tourism areas of high potential within larger areas such as regions, states, countries, and specifically in cross-border regions; and 2) to deepen in the knowledge about factors that hinder or foster tourism cross-border cooperation. This dissertation relates tourism geographies with tourism management, to cast interesting results which can be followed by further investigations. A number of issues are addressed in each chapter as conclusions Els debats sobre la configuració i la organització de les destinacions turístiques s'han incrementat en les últimes dècades. Aquesta Tesi pretén contribuir a la literatura sobre la governança del turisme i la planificació de les destinacions, amb especial èmfasi en les zones frontereres. Els objectius d'aquesta Tesi presentada en la modalitat de 'Tesi per articles' són: 1) desenvolupar una metodologia que ajudi en la identificació de les zones turístiques basades en patrons de consum turístic amb un elevat potencial dins d’àrees més grans, com regions, estats, països, i específicament en regions transfrontereres; i 2) aprofundir en el coneixement dels factors que obstaculitzen o fomenten el desenvolupament del turisme i la cooperació transfronterera. Aquesta Tesi relaciona la geografia del turisme amb la governança del turisme, per contribuir amb resultats interessants que poden ser continuats per futures investigacions. En cada capítol s'enumeren una sèrie de qüestions a mode de conclusions rellevants

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Sutherland, Colin Robert. "Destination Arctic : bureaucracy, tourism, and identity in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54710.

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The framing of the Canadian Arctic by federal civil servants often bound to currents in discourse that frames the Arctic as: ‘open for business,’ a remote wilderness filled with threats and risk, and a region that needs to be governed by the Canadian South. It is through policy and its enactment by civil servants that these southern-Arctics are built and projected onto The North. Through discursive analysis of policy, government papers, and interviews with civil servants, this thesis explores the above themes to illustrate the cultural dimensions of Arctic policy. The project uses the expedition cruise tourism industry—which in Canada is primarily based in Nunavut—as a site of analysis. I analyze how agencies and departments interact with this industry to construct the idea of multiple Arctics, each with their own unique impact on the regions present and future. I interrogate how expertise and authority is spelled out and performed by actors to create such Arctics. Environmental transport policy is based in a southern-Canadian logic and is used as a means to control discourse and territory in the Canadian Arctic. Federal civil servants and cruise ship operators produce and perform many ‘Arctics’ that allow Southerners to control the Arctic via discourse and new technologies of power. Arts, Faculty of Geography, Department of Graduate

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Armstrong, Elizabeth Kate, and n/a. "Tourism destination recovery after the 2003 Canberra fires." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081218.091856.

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The tourism industry is vulnerable to crises and disasters and increasingly government and industry stakeholders are turning their attention to how to prevent, manage and recover from shock events. In the last decade there has been increasing interest in tourism research on crises and disasters, prompted in part by recognition of the tourism industry's vulnerabilities and what appear to be more frequent shock events. The beginning of this century has been marked by a series of crises and disasters including the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak in the United Kingdom, the 2001 terrorist hijackings in the USA, the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings, the 2003 SARS epidemic in southeast Asia and Canada, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in the southern USA in 2005 (Henderson, 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007a) has also predicted that the extreme weather events associated with climate change will lead to more natural disasters. Crises and disaster have local, regional and global repercussions on the tourism industry at business/corporate, industry and destination levels and the need for more attention to preparation, response and recovery is acknowledged. Much of the initial tourism research in this field focused on descriptions of crises and disasters and their impacts on tourism with some reflection on their management. This foundation and the comprehensive crisis and disaster literature from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, geography and environmental science led to development of crisis and disaster management frameworks specifically designed for the tourism industry. These frameworks have achieved varying degrees of acceptance amongst tourism researchers with Faulkner and Vikulov's (2001) Tourism Disaster Management Framework (TDMF) being the most well known and often cited. The more recent Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (CDMF) developed by Ritchie (2004) is a useful destination-level framework based on a strategic management approach. Despite the development of these frameworks, relatively little tourism research effort has focused on destination recovery and very little on medium and long term recovery. In addition, there is little research on wildfires as a type of natural disaster. The extensive bushfires in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 2003 (often referred to as the Canberra fires) provided an opportunity to investigate in a longitudinal study the short, medium and long term actions undertaken by the government and tourism industry to assist destination recovery and then compare them with Ritchie's prescriptive CDMF. Being longer term research this study is able to consider almost the entire recovery stage whereas other research has focused on short or medium term recovery (for example Faulkner & Vikulov, 2001). This research centred on a case study which is defined by Yin (1989 quoted in Wimmer & Dominick, 1997, p. 102) as an 'empirical inquiry that uses multiple sources of evidence to investigate a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context'. This case study used interviewing, the documentary method and participant observation as the key methods. Representatives of government and the tourism industry were interviewed in-depth about the actions taken by their organisations or businesses. The interviews were semi-structured with mostly open-ended questions and some participants undertook multiple interviews over a three year period. Extensive secondary data and documentation about the bushfire and subsequent response and recovery was generated by the ACT government, industry and community and publicly available sources included reports and reviews, media releases, newspaper articles, newsletters, brochures, websites and legal and coronial enquiries. These were critical for gaining a comprehensive understanding of recovery. Participant observation was also important and, as a resident of the ACT, the author participated in relevant events and observed the public face of community recovery. The three methods resulted in a large data set that was distilled into a 'response and recovery story' structured according to Ritchie's CDMF. Upon comparing the findings with the framework, it was found that many elements were evident in the 'real life' case study including crisis communication, resource management, stakeholder communication, destination restoration and disasters as agents for change. There were also new findings that could be integrated into a redeveloped framework including the establishment of a recovery team, training for crisis and disaster management, tourist/visitor management, recovery planning, human resource management issues, business recovery tools, partnerships and memorialisation and commemoration. The resulting Tourism Industry Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (TICDMF) is a practical and comprehensive tool for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) that both describes what occurred in a real life case study but also prescribes recommended management actions. In addition to specific recommendations for the ACT tourism industry, this research also resulted in general recommendations to the tourism industry, government and educators. These focused on (i) the importance of crisis and disaster management planning, (ii) the need to evaluate and document response and recovery and devote adequate resources to organisational learning, (iii) potential use of tools like the TICDMF and the plethora of resources to manage crises and disasters, (iv) educating staff, academics and tertiary tourism and hospitality students about crisis and disaster management and (v) accepting the chaos of recovery and devoting adequate resources to address the resulting complexity. The tourism industry is vulnerable to external shocks whether they be local crises or national disasters. The preparedness of the industry and its ability to effectively respond and recover is of critical importance for destinations and the community in which they function. Case studies of crises and disaster and development of a body of theoretical and practical knowledge will ensure that government and industry continue to play an important role in caring for the safety and security of tourists while maintaining a viable and sustainable industry for all stakeholders.

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Mahlangu, Nosiphiwo. "Destination management organisational functions in advancing business tourism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65498.

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One of the sectors within the tourism industry which is considered to be large and continuously expanding is the business tourism sector, also known as MICE tourism (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions). Countries and cities rely heavily on investment in infrastructure to support the development of this sector and to ensure sustained growth, many destinations use destination management organisations (DMOs) and convention bureaus to provide leadership. These organisations are also tasked to actively promote the destination for leisure travel and it is necessary to understand the distinct requirements that set business tourism development and promotion apart from leisure tourism. This study employed multi-method qualitative research to investigate the roles and functions that DMOs perform in order to develop business tourism in a destination. This included understanding the challenges faced within varied destinations. Data was collected through interviews with a sample of nine major DMOs at various levels and four major conference centres across South Africa. Strategic documents and website content was also analysed as supplement to the primary data. The study shows the importance of especially DMO stakeholder engagement, marketing, identification of opportunities to host business tourism events within the destination, as well as bidding support as the main roles and functions that need to be performed to ensure sustained growth of business tourism. A framework is presented depicting the interaction between DMOs at the national, regional and local levels, as well as with the various industry stakeholders. Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2017. Tourism Management MCom Unrestricted

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Goffi, Gianluca. "Tourism destination competitiveness: theoretical models and empirical evidence." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242690.

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La competitività delle destinazioni turistiche è uno dei temi più studiati in letteratura ed è il principale fattore di successo di una destinazione. Molti studi si sono focalizzati sui fattori che incidono sulla competitività di una destinazione. Nonostante ciò, non vi è ancora un’evidenza scientifica dell’impatto di tali fattori sulle performance di una destinazione: questo studio si pone quindi questo obiettivo, adattando ed estendendo il modello di Ritchie e Crouch e applicandolo ad un dataset di 610 destinazioni di eccellenza italiane medio-piccole. Per ridurre il numero delle variabili, è stata applicata un’analisi delle componenti principali. La dipendenza fra gli indicatori di performance e le variabili dipendenti è stata analizzata attraverso una regressione lineare e una regressione parziale dei minimi quadrati. I risultati empirici dimostrano che una politica turistica e una gestione della destinazione turistica sostenibile, non solo è importante per la protezione dell’ambiente e per minimizzare gli impatti negativi di tipo socio-culturale, ma ha una notevole rilevanza nel migliorare la competitività di una destinazione turistica. Il modello è stato inoltre applicato per misurare la competitività di due destinazioni turistiche leader in America Latina: Rio de Janeiro e Salvador de Bahia. Nonostante il Brasile ospiterà la Coppa del Mondo di Calcio del 2014 e i Giochi Olimpici del 2016, la competitività delle sue destinazioni turistiche non è ancora stata adeguatamente studiata. E’ stata quindi realizzata una survey presso esperti di turismo locali, alla quale hanno risposto 277 individui a Rio de Janeiro e 164 a Salvador de Bahia. I risultati forniscono ai policy maker e agli stakeholder locali un nucleo di dati e informazioni ampio e accurato su cui basare le loro future strategie di destination management. Competitiveness has been identified in the tourism literature as a critical factor for the success of tourism destinations. Many studies focus on the main factors affecting destination competitiveness. Nevertheless, there is still no evidence of a significant impact of these factors on the performance of a destination. This study aims at filling this gap, by adapting and extending the Richie & Crouch’s model and applying it on a unique dataset of 610 small and medium Italian Destinations of Excellence. To reduce the large set of variables, a principal component analysis (PCA) has been performed. The dependency between the performance scores and the explanatory variables has been then analysed by an ordinary least square and a partial least square regression. The empirical findings show that a sustainable tourism policy and destination management is not only good for preserving the ecologic balance and for minimize negative cultural and social impacts, but has a great importance for improving the competitiveness of a tourism destination. The model has also been applied to measure the competitiveness of two leading tourism destination in Latin America: Rio de Janeiro and Salvador de Bahia. Despite Brazil will host both the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games 2016, the competitiveness of its tourism destinations is still not adequately studied. Primary quantitative data were collected through experts’ judgement: 277 usable responses were received in the case of Rio de Janeiro, 164 in the case of Salvador. The evidences provide tourism policy makers and stakeholders with a valuable and accurate body of data on which to base their future destination management strategies.

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Ferreira, Daniel Petrus. "Push - and pull forces within outbound destination choice." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11091.

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Push- and pull forces are considered the most important motivational factors in driving tourism demand. Push forces are motivational forces that arise due to the individual’s need to travel, while pull forces are destination attributes which pull the traveller to the specific destination and in doing so they satisfy the need of the traveller. Understanding why people travel, how they go about selecting their holiday destination and why one country is preferred to the other, is vital to the continued success of the tourism industry. The needs and wants of travellers are constantly changing, therefore, it is imperative that tourism businesses excel at developing new products and services which are better suited to the needs of consumers. The primary objective of this study was to determine the push- and pull forces that influence outbound destination choice in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The study investigated and analysed how the independent variables (push- and pull factors) influence destination choice (dependent variable). From a comprehensive literature review, a hypothetical model was developed to test the relationships between push-and pull forces and destination choice. Twelve hypotheses were formulated to test the relationship between four push forces, eight pull forces and destination choice. The study sought the perceptions of Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole residents and utitised the quantitative research paradigm. A survey was conducted with the aid of a structured self-administered questionnaire, distributed via e-mail and as a hard copy. A combination of convenience- and snowball sampling was utilised. The final sample comprised 302 respondents. The validity of the measuring instrument was ascertained by using exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha values for reliability were calculated for each of the factors identified during the exploratory factor analysis. The top ten destinations visited and intended to be visited were indicated. United Kingdom was the most visited international destination for both leisure and business purposes, while The United States of America was the most popular international destination to visit next for both leisure and business purposes. Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the correlation and significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent and dependent variables. Three statistically significant relationships were found between the push forces (physical and stature motivators and destination accessibility) and destination choice. Four statistically significant relationships were found between the pull forces (events, natural attractions, political issues and general infrastructure) and destination choice. The empirical findings further confirmed that an inter-relationship between push- and pull forces within destination choice does exist. However, pull forces influence push forces to a larger extent. Analysis of variance calculations were used to identify if significant relationships exist between the twelve demographic variables and nine reliable and valid independent variables. Furthermore, post-hoc Scheffè tests identified where the significant differences occurred between the different categories. Cohen’s d-values were calculated in order to assess the practical significance of the mean scores. A total of sixteen practical significant relationships were identified. Travel companies should compile travel packages and tours that serve the needs of both leisure- and business travellers. They can use social media as a communication- and promotion tool to entice travellers to specific destinations. The business travel packages should be all inclusive and include transportation, accommodation and even entries to events. The visual aids, utilised within the marketing material, should entice travellers to want to visit these destinations, and outline the favourable general infrastructure available. When marketing outbound destinations, travel service providers must pay attention to demographical variables such as gender, age, ethnical affiliation, income and marital status to compile travel packages that satisfy the needs of specific groups.

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Prayag, Girish. "An investigation into international tourists' perceptions of Cape Town as a holiday destination : one destination - an unforgettable experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10968.

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Bibliography: leaves 283-291. The fundamental product in tourism is the destination experience. Despite Cape Town offering a unique experience, the destination lacks a dear and positive brand images that persuade international tourists to visit. Currently, it cannot be ascertained how international travellers perceive brand Cape Town. As such it is felt that a significant number of tourists are being forsaken. Thus, it is imperative that research be conducted in order to gain a greater understanding of the brand, thereby enabling Cape Town to be positioned in a manner that lives up to tourists' expectations. In April 2001, the Joint Marketing Initiative was created to align the marketing efforts of the various destination-marketing organisations responsible for marketing the province of Western Cape and the city of cape Town both internationally and domestically. This is necessary to achieve consistency in image and message communication. This investigation is one of many commissioned by the Cape Metropolitan Tourism to improve stakeholders' understanding of brand Cape Town.

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Vu, Hoai Nam. "Embracing Sustainability through a People-centred Approach to Tourism Planning and Destination Management in Nha Trang, Vietnam." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366034.

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Tourism is often utilised by governments of developing countries to enhance economic development opportunities that will increase the quality of life of citizens. The overreliance on economic growth stimulated by tourism has in many cases compromised environmental and social aspects of sustainable development. Possible solutions to these issues lie in incorporating all dimensions of the development model to address socio- ecological issues, and in improving the role of the tourism industry in shaping sustainable societies, towards a better quality of life for the community. The purpose of this study is to explore key factors influencing the adoption of a people- centred approach to sustainable development within a tourism destination, in particular to achieve greater social outcomes within the sustainable development of Vietnam. In this study, a people-centred approach to sustainable destination management and tourism planning puts people at the centre of sustainable development. The key aspect of a people-centred approach to tourism destination management is the effective engagement of stakeholders in the development process, which aims to ensure the socio-cultural viability of the host community. Underpinning such an approach is a practice of shared moral responsibility among the stakeholders. Through exploring a case study in Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to examine how a people-centred approach can be applied or enhanced in the study site. In-depth interviews were conducted with governmental officers and content analysis was undertaken to analyse the responses. Two sets of questionnaire surveys were used to seek the responses of tourists and local residents for use in multivariate analysis. A mixed methods approach was used to help answer the applied nature of the research questions. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith Business School Griffith Business School Full Text

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Yodsuwan, Chachaya. "Effective Tourism Stakeholder Collaboration and Member Satisfaction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366898.

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Tourism communities are collections of stakeholders that include government agencies, business owners, residents and tourists. While not all stakeholders agree on how tourism destinations should be developed, most stakeholders agree that more can be achieved through collaborative efforts. What is less clear is how effective collaboration can be achieved. This thesis aims to investigate: how tourism stakeholders effectively collaborate in a regional setting in Thailand. Specific research questions to guide the resolution of this research problem are: - How do stakeholders perceive their roles? - What is the nature of stakeholder collaboration? - What factors foster and/or hinder effective tourism stakeholder collaboration? Stakeholder collaboration has been widely researched in general management and more recently in tourism management. A number of studies in tourism suggest adopting partnership and/or collaborative approaches to destination management on the basis that an enhanced understanding and mutual benefits generated among stakeholders will lead to better outcomes for the host community generally. Moreover, Swarbrooke (1999) puts forward the idea that stakeholders in tourism should work together if they wish to develop a more sustainable form of tourism for the destination. In support, Bramwell and Lane (2000) indicate that stakeholder collaboration can contribute to principles of sustainable development by having several stakeholders involved in tourism policy planning. Furthermore, Buhalis (2000) argues that stakeholders should pool resources to develop and implement comprehensive strategies in order to compete successfully with other destinations. Thus there is an emerging consensus that tourism destinations can be better managed through stakeholder collaboration. While there has been substantial interest in understanding the benefits relating to stakeholder collaboration there is a need for academic research to explore specific issues of collaboration, especially those relating to practical considerations (Bramwell & Lane, 2000). Moreover, there is a need for empirical research to examine the fundamental factors critical to effective tourism collaboration. This thesis seeks to further understanding of stakeholder collaboration in the tourism destination context. The research problem of how do tourism stakeholders effectively collaborate was broken down to gaining insights into the perceived roles of tourism stakeholders from the public, private and local community sectors; the nature of tourism stakeholder collaboration, including motives for joining a collaboration and insights into how collaborations work in practice; and which factors foster and/or hinder effective tourism stakeholder collaboration, especially member satisfaction. A review of the literature particularly identified a lack of studies that focused on robust measures to measure member satisfaction and potential predictors. Most of the studies of stakeholder collaboration and/or partnership are drawn from outside the tourism literature. In addition, studies are conceptual or qualitative in nature. The few studies in related areas use small samples and single item measures. Only a few studies used specific outcomes measures such as member satisfaction. Accordingly, a conceptual model of five independent factors and their effect on Collaboration Member Satisfaction CMS) was developed and tested. The CMS construct and measure was developed as a suitable indicator of effective tourism stakeholder collaboration. To address these issues, this study employed a sequential mixed method to investigate tourism stakeholder collaboration. The empirical data was collected from tourism collaboration members and individuals/organisations involved in tourism in the Chiang Rai region of Thailand. The data collection for this research was divided into two stages. Study 1 was mainly involved with qualitative interviews. In Study 2, a questionnaire survey was developed, tested and administered. Purposive sampling and the snowball technique were used to collect interview data from twenty respondents. While, a self administered questionnaire was used for the survey of members of four tourism collaborations. Consequently, 161 questionnaires were collected for the quantitative study. In the questionnaire survey in Study 2, two open ended questions provided the opportunity to triangulate findings from the data sets. Accordingly, this thesis provided three empirical data sets: qualitative interviews, quantitative survey data, and qualitative survey findings. Overwhelmingly, respondents agreed that the government plays and should play the dominant lead role in tourism destination planning and development. Accompanying this agreed allocation of responsibility was an acknowledgement that the private and local community sectors played a passive follower role. Compliance and conformity to government policy and funding arrangements was accepted. However, associated with the public sector’s lead role was a degree of confusion, complexity and lack of continuity of activities. For the private sector there was an acceptance that they could do more for themselves through networking opportunities within industry groupings. Both the private and local community sectors felt that they had a lack of voice on tourism development issues. In addition, three major issues were discussed in relation to the nature of tourism stakeholder collaboration. Most respondents recognised the potential for tourism within the Chiang Rai region together with a positive impact from participating in a tourism collaboration. Motives for joining a collaboration included perceived individual and community benefits, together with a need to meet colleagues and friends. In practice, the issue of genuine participation was raised as not all stakeholders fully participated in a tourism collaboration even though the range of stakeholders’ participation in the local tourism collaboration was representative. In particular, the results from the interviews highlighted issues in relation to the project based nature of collaboration together with the need for harmony and matching achievements to goals. For the quantitative study, a conceptual model was developed and tested that included five proposed drivers of effective collaboration against a dependent variable of Collaboration Member Satisfaction (CMS). Multiple item scale measures were used that differentiated this empirical study from previous studies. Multiple regression analysis indicated that perceived individual benefits, trust, and communication significantly contribute to CMS overall and thus, lead to effective tourism collaboration. In the overall equation, trust was the strongest predictor of CMS. Further group analysis highlighted how the predictors of CMS varied between private/public and male/female stakeholder groups. That is, interdependency contributed significantly to CMS for public sector members while representation quality and equal participation contributed significantly to CMS for private members. Accordingly, three hypotheses were fully supported while two hypotheses had contingent support. For the qualitative findings from the survey questionnaire eighty-five respondents answered questions about a time in the collaboration when they were happy or unhappy. Most responses related to representation, communication and resourcing issues. Those who have had positive experiences in their group appreciate the perceived benefits from the tourism stakeholder collaboration. Compared to those who have had positive experience, the number of members who have had negative experiences is relatively small. In addition, respondents commented on participation, goal setting and benefits. In general terms the findings from the three sets of data tended to be consistent. The one exception was the notion of equal participation. The qualitative data tended to indicate the importance of this issue however, the quantitative study found that equal participation influenced private members and no other groups. This bias toward private members was not evident from the qualitative data. In summary, this thesis has answered the research problem through an understanding of broader contextual issues and the development of a conceptual framework for effective tourism collaboration. Key predictors of Collaboration Member Satisfaction have been identified and corroborated. Implications for tourism sectors include practical considerations to provide more opportunity for private and local community voice, together with an emphasis on communication issues. The thesis extends previous knowledge in particular by developing and testing a conceptual framework using robust measures. However, limitations to the thesis include sample size issues and a sampling frame from a regional area in Thailand. Future research could attempt to attract larger samples and test the model in different geographic and cultural settings, together with model modifications. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith Business School Griffith Business School Full Text

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Morachat, Chompunoot. "A Study Of Destination Attractiveness Through Tourists' Perspectives : A Focus On Chiang Mai, Thailand." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1504.

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This study seeks to gain insights into the overall attractiveness of a destination by applying the multi-attribute Fishbein model. This approach has been carried out twice before in the international context and this dissertation contributes further to the concepts of destination attractiveness especially through the application of multi-attribute models of measurement and analysis with the context of localisation. It also adds to the body of knowledge on the understanding of tourism product preference and perceptual attitudes held by tourists from specific geographical origins to the South-East Asian region, specifically within Thailand. The study investigated (i) tourists' perceived overall attractiveness of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, and (ii) the perceived importance of destination attributes to tourists, which contribute to its overall attractiveness. Surveys employing a closed-ended, self-administered questionnaire were conducted among 614 international inbound tourists who visited the area during 1-30 April 2001. The participants were selected by using a proportionate stratified sampling method and included tourists from France, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, and Japan. Data were collected at the departure area of the Chiang Mai International Airport, provincial train station, hotels and resorts in the province. The main findings of the study indicated that of eight destination attributes, tourists rated 'Cultural Features,' as the most attractive element of Chiang Mai. This is closely followed by ‘Reception,’ Cost/Price,’ ‘Natural Factors’, ‘Services,’ and ‘Recreation and Shopping Facilities.’ The attributes .Accessibility' and 'Infrastructure' were rated lowest in attractiveness. Generally, Japanese and Western tourists gave high ratings to all attractiveness features. Only the travellers from Taiwan rated the attractiveness features as very low. In terms of the importance of attributes, tourists rated 'Cost/Price,' 'Cultural Features’ and 'Infrastructure,' as most important when visiting a region, while 'Accessibility' and 'Reception' was rated as less important. Considering the influence of tourists' internal and external characteristics on the perception of attribute importance, the research indicated the following outcomes: Travel motivation: the result indicated that tourists who were categorised in a 'higher motivational level' of Pearce's 'Travel Career Ladder' appear to show greater interest in 'Recreation and Shopping Facilities.' 'Infrastructure,' and 'Cost/Price' than tourists who have a lower motivational level. Travel purpose: while all respondents were interested in leisure activities, only those who travelled for educational experiences and business purposes placed greater importance on the 'Cultural Features.' Gender: male tourists gave more importance to the 'Infrastructure' than female counterparts, whereas females rated 'Reception' of greater importance. Age: younger people (under 25) and older visitors (35 and more) considered 'Services' important, while visitors in the 25 to 34 age groups rated 'Services' of minor importance. Occupation, white-collar visitors rated 'Reception' as important, whereas hose who were unemployed and visitors who did not have a regular income (ie. students) rated 'Reception' of less importance. Income: people with higher incomes rated 'Natural Factors' more highly than those in the lower income category. Marital status: married people gave more importance to ‘Natural Factors,' 'Accessibility,' and 'Reception' than those who were single or never married. Family size: tourists who have children (under 18 years of age) in their household perceived 'Accessibility' as important, whereas those without children gave it a lower rating. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of this research for tourism in the Chiang Mai province of Thailand.

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Tang, Tricia. "A comparative analysis of college student spring break destinations an empirical study of tourism destination attributes." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/626.

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The tourism industry has become one of the fastest growing sectors in the world's economy, contributing 9.1% of world GDP and more than 260 million jobs worldwide (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2011). The U.S college student market has emerged as major segment within this sector, generating approximately $15 billion on annual domestic and international travel. Among the various travel patterns of college students, they are most highly motivated for spring break travel, with more than two million students traveling per season (Bai et al., 2004; Borgerding, 2001; Reynolds, 2004). This research, through surveying college students majoring in hospitality and tourism management, analyzed the significance of college student perceptions of key spring break destination attributes. A total of 281 usable responses were subjected to the Principal Component Analysis that generated six dimensions: Breaking Away, Sun and Beach, Safety and Hygiene, Psychological Distance, Price and Value, and Social Exploration, comprised of 24 key attributes that influence a college spring breaker's destination selection decision. An Importance-Performance Analysis (Martilla & James, 1977) was conducted based on the respondents' assessment of attributes on five of the six dimensions. The results of the IPA allowed comparison of the top four most visited destinations identified by the respondents: Daytona Beach, South Beach Miami, Panama City Beach, and Clearwater Beach/Tampa. The study findings may provide valuable implications for destination service providers to improve their destination's appeal in this highly competitive and lucrative market. Future research on college spring break groups located in different geographic locations within the country is highly encouraged to better understand the general characteristics of this market. B.S. Bachelors Rosen College of Hospitality Management Hospitality Management

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Park, So Eon. "Developing plans to attract U.S. residents to consider Korea as a tourist destination." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005parks.pdf.

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Paulino, Valldepérez Isabel. "Redefining tourism destination boundaries from a consumption-based perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669994.

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Tourism destinations usually follow the administrative boundaries of the corresponding territorial administration. In contrast, previous studies state that administrative boundaries are not the most effective framework with which to manage and plan a tourism destination. This thesis supports this critical point of view and highlights the need to focus on the functionality of destinations from a demand perspective, under a more flexible destination model that takes into account the way tourists consume a destination. The aim is, therefore, to redefine the boundaries of tourist destinations based on travel patterns within destinations and to unravel the factors that influence these patterns. The results show that tourists cross administrative boundaries and destinations overlap in space. In addition, distance represents a key factor which affects travel patterns within the destination and determine the size of the destinations. Les destinacions turístiques habitualment segueixen els límits administratius de l'administració territorial corresponent. En canvi, estudis anteriors afirmen que les fronteres administratives no són el marc més eficaç per gestionar i planificar una destinació turística. La present tesi secunda aquest punt de vista crític i destaca la necessitat de centrar-se en la funcionalitat de les destinacions des de la perspectiva de la demanda, sota un model de destinacions més flexible que tingui en compte la forma com els turistes consumeixen una destinació L’objectiu és, doncs, redefinir els límits de les destinacions turístiques a partir dels patrons de viatge dins de les destinacions i desvetllar els factors que influeixen en aquests patrons. Els resultats revelen que, els turistes traspassen els límits administratius i les destinacions es solapen en l’espai. A més la distància representa un factor clau que afecta els patrons de viatge dins la destinació i determinen la mida de les destinacions.

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Ziarkowska, Jessika. "Sri Lanka : Towards a better tourism destination in Asia." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25036.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to research into Sri Lanka’s tourism and study the development over the last five years, 2009-2014. The author did a small contradistinction between Sri Lanka and Thailand to see the difference between both countries in Asia. Following years was chosen because of the ended war in Sri Lanka. Interviews that have been done to accomplish this dissertation were expert interviews with three tour operators/agencies and two individuals. All five persons that were interviewed work within promoting or selling trips to Sri Lanka for Swedish travelers. Sri Lanka could be improved and market by using the 8P factors in the Marketing Mix by Morrison. Factors as Promotion, Partnership, Packaging and Impact should be prioritizing while promoting Sri Lanka as a tourist destination in Asia. During their development towards a tourism destination they have reached the Involvement stage in the Butler’s sequence model. They are developing roads, hotels and striving towards a better marketing and they will surely increase their inbound tourism as soon as the development is finished. Syftet med uppsatsen var att forska om Sri Lankas turism och dess utveckling kring the senaste fem åren, 2009-2014. Skribenten har valt att göra en liten jämförelse mellan Sri Lanka och Thailand för att se vad som skiljer sig åt mellan båda Asien länderna. Fokus ligger på svenskarnas resor till vardera av länderna. Statistiskt har de fem valda åren undersökts och skribenten valde dessa år för att kriget i Sri Lanka slutade 2009 och man kan lägga fokus på att forska kring utvecklingen av turismen. Intervjuer, så kallade expert intervjuer, har gjorts för att slutföra denna uppsats. Skribenten intervjuade tre touroperatörer/resebyråer och två individer. Alla fem personer som blev intervjuade till denna uppsats jobbar med Sri Lanka genom att marknadsföra och sälja resor till svenska resenärer. Sri Lanka skulle kunna förbättras och marknadsföras bättre genom att använda sig av de 8P faktorerna ur Marketing Mix av Morrison. Faktorerna så som Promotion, Partnership, Packaging och Impact bör prioriteras vid marknadsföring av Sri Lanka som turism destination i Asien.

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Serra, Jaime, Antónia Correia, and Paulo M. M. Rodrigues. "A comparative analysis of tourism destination demand in Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, Elsevier, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16186.

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Tourism has experienced different levels of development in the different regions of Portugal.To frame this development, in this paper dynamic panel data models were estimated with the objective of explaining the evolution of international overnight stays in each region.Secondary data from 2000 to 2011 was used.The analysis includes the main tourism source markets for Portugal, such as the United Kingdom, Germany,the Netherlands, Ireland, France and Spain. The tourism literature suggests that, among others, the main determinants of tourism demand are income (GDP),household consumption, unemployment rate and the harmonised consumer price index. Per capita income, unemployment rate and final household consumption were identified as the most shared explanatory variables in each tourism region. However,in some regions, the high elasticity with respect to per capita income was confirmed, suggesting that tourism is a luxury good. It is observed that, although significant, the explanatory power of these variables varies according to the origin and the destination region considered. Findings suggest heterogeneous behaviour of the main international tourism demand by region. Furthermore, results also suggest some implications for public and private tourism authorities. Stakeholders can update the analysis, trends and forecasts of international tourism demand, put forward in the National Strategic Plan for Tourism for the period from 2013 to 2015, by taking in to account the different macroeconomic variables that help explain international overnight stays in each region of Portugal.

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Hadinejad, Arghavan. "Destination Iran: An analysis of tourism marketing message characteristics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392374.

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Visitor attitude is a critical component that affects potential tourists’ decision making and, ultimately, destination choice. Tourism marketers seek to influence prospective visitors’ attitudes through reinforcing existing associations with the destination or creating new associations. In addition, marketers use persuasive marketing stimuli to affect associations with the destination. In particular, the design or characteristics of marketing stimuli such as the perceived credibility and emotive aspects exert a significant impact on potential tourists’ attitudes towards, and associations with, the destination. Furthermore, the characteristics of marketing messages can influence tourists’ cognitive and affective evaluations of a place, confidence in and consideration of a holiday destination. Social psychologists believe that message characteristics influence attitude via three dimensions of thinking: the amount of thought; valence of thinking; and thought confidence. The assertion is that the cognitive engagement with a message and the favourability of thoughts, along with an individual’s confidence in their thoughts predict attitude. However, tourism scholars have investigated only the first two dimensions of thinking: the amount and valence of thoughts. Therefore, the role of thought confidence has been understudied in the tourism context. Thought confidence forms part of the self-validation hypothesis, which asserts that thought generation is not enough to influence attitude, rather people need to feel confident in their thinking (Petty, Briñol & Tormala, 2002). Although social psychologists have examined the influence of a number of variables on attitude, the role of emotion, and specifically emotional arousal, is not well discussed in the self-validation hypothesis literature. This thesis aims to fill the gap in the tourism and social psychology literature through adapting the main elements of previous theories of attitude – notably the elaboration likelihood model and heuristic systematic model - along with the self-validation hypothesis to study the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitude towards a less known tourism destination, Iran. To achieve that aim, this research applies a two-stage sequential design to manipulate the emotional arousal and perceived credibility of tourism stimuli and measures the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitude. In order to manipulate the characteristics of an advertisement of Iran, a mock tourism marketing stimulus was created in Stage I. This stage involved two focus groups and Delphi panels to select the images and video segments of Iran to be included in a mock advertisement. The Delphi panellists and focus group members selected nine images of historical monuments, nature, and food along with segments of current videos of Iran to be included in the mock advertisement. Subsequently, the mock advertisement, that was created as a combination of selected photos and segments of videos was pilot tested from a representative sample of Australians to check the emotional arousal and perceived credibility manipulation. In particular, FaceReader, skin conductance, a questionnaire and post-hoc interviews were applied to assess the emotional arousal and source credibility manipulation. The results indicated that while the video with light rhythmic music was considered as a highly emotionally arousing video, the same video but without music was regarded as a low emotionally arousing advertisement. In addition, “A solo female traveller who visited Iran in 2017” was considered as a highly credible source and “A travel agency in Iran for promotional purposes” was believed to be a low credible one. Stage II is the experiment phase (N = 416). In this stage, participants were randomly assigned to a two (emotional arousal: high or low) × two (source credibility: high or low) between subject factorial design. The results indicated that all three dimensions of thinking, the amount and valence of thoughts in addition to thought confidence, can positively affect potential visitors’ attitude towards the destination. The findings of the research also revealed that participants were more cognitively engaged with the stimuli and confident in their thoughts, and generated more positive thoughts and more favourable attitudes about Iran as a destination when the tourism stimulus was perceived as highly credible and evoked high levels of emotional arousal. This thesis provides a number of contributions. Theoretically, the study adds value to the body of literature in social psychology by examining the role of emotional arousal in explaining thought confidence and attitude. There is also a contribution to the tourism literature by adapting the self-validation hypothesis from social psychology and adding a metacognitive aspect to attitudinal research in the tourism context. This research is also novel in exploring the effect of source credibility on attitude from a metacognitive perspective in the tourism literature. Methodologically, this research contributes to the tourism literature by its novel application of physiological tools - FaceReader and skin conductance - to analyse emotions elicited in response to tourism advertisements. From a practical perspective, the present study provides valuable feedback for destination managers and marketers, especially for the design of marketing stimuli. Managers of less-known destinations need to create emotionally arousing advertising in order to make potential visitors cognitively engaged with the stimuli, make them confident in their thoughts and thus exert a positive impact on subsequent attitude towards the destination. Furthermore, Iranian tourism practitioners can rely on the content and stories shared on social media by real tourists as credible references to encourage potential visitors to travel to their destination. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt Griffith Business School Full Text

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Loedolff, Carmen. "Promoting South Africa as an international film tourism destination." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46194.

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Film tourism is fast becoming a recognised and lucrative sector within the tourism industry. Film tourism combines knowledge from the tourism industry with that of the film industry in such a manner that it offers an attractive opportunity that can be included when marketing South Africa as a destination. The purpose of the study is to explore the attractiveness of the film tourism market for destinations, identify the unique aspects involved when marketing a destination though film tourism, explore the marketing strategies used by the local South African DMOs and local and foreign film commissions/offices in attracting international film producers, determine what local South African DMOs and local and foreign film commissions/offices perceive as important factors in attracting international film producers, determine and describe the factors influencing international film producers’ selection of a location, determine international film producers’ perceptions of South Africa as a film location in terms of these factors, develop a model for promoting South Africa as an ideal film location to international film producers and then relate the developed model to guidelines in accordance with the services marketing mix (7 Ps). The results obtained identified a number of factors that influence international film producers’ selection of a location and the model can be used to assist DMOs in developing effective marketing strategies in order to attract international film producers to South Africa. This was a qualitative study where three data collection instruments were used on four participant groups; secondary data was also analysed. It was found that South African DMOs do not yet have a working relationship with the relevant film industry leaders; that local film commissions’/offices’ current marketing activities are in line with foreign film commissions’/offices’ marketing strategies; that local DMOs and local and foreign film commissions/offices are more often than not aware of the factors influencing international film producers’ selection of a location and that South Africa has a positive image as a film destination. This research contributes to tourism literature by developing a model and suggesting guidelines that could be used by South African DMOs to attract more international film producers to the country and thus ultimately increase the number of film tourists who visit. All South African DMOs should consider the suggested guidelines when developing a marketing strategy for promoting South Africa as a preferred film destination to international film producers. Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014. tm2015 Tourism Management MCom Unrestricted

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Ali-Knight, Jane. "The role of niche tourism products in destination development." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5376.

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Niche tourism refers to how a specific tourism product can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular audience/market segment. Locations with specific niche products are able to establish and position themselves, as niche tourism destinations. Niche tourism, through image creation, helps destinations to differentiate their tourism products and compete in an increasingly competitive and cluttered tourism environment. Academic literature has paid little attention to the role and positioning of niche tourism products. Through the use of the niche tourism life cycle it is clear that niche products will have different impacts, marketing challenges and contributions to destination development as they progress through it. This critical appraisal presents an important reflection on my research in this area. The core of the critical appraisal is the eight published journal articles; two book chapters and three fully refereed conference papers upon which it is based but it also derives from the broader perspective of my research over the last ten years. The research context is set, with niche tourism products and destination development introduced, developed and seen in the perspective of the authors work in this field of tourism enquiry. The pragmatist research paradigm that has guided the publications is introduced and the adoption of mixed methods to produce results that are practical, relevant and progress both tourism business theory and practices, is discussed. The research methodologies and methods used are analysed against current developments in tourism research. My contribution to academic knowledge and understanding within this area is summarised within the three key themes of niche tourism product development; niche tourist profiling and destination development through niche tourism. To illustrate this, my research has focused primarily on two significant niche tourism products: wine and festivals and events. The benefits of this work to the academic community are the presentation of insights into niche tourism consumers, and an understanding of the challenges destinations face along the niche tourism life cycle. Finally, the practical benefits of this work to industry include a greater understanding of niche tourist behaviour to better aid them in positioning and targeting their products. It concludes with an identification of the limitations of this body of work and proposes areas for future research.

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Schiavon, Giulia <1989&gt. "Destination Monitor design for benchmark evaluation of Tourism Product." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9102.

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In this Master’s Degree Thesis we will conjecture an algorithm to define the Appeal in a Destination Monitor context. The goal consists in identifying a weighted point of view from the customers’ feedback and statistical information. The final result is to be used as a comparison between Tourism Products of the same kind. The algorithm is based on defined indicators and the weighted average, a special counting in which each component is weighted differently. The last contribution is the design of a database used to save the data retrieved from the Web and from Tourism Product sources, as well.

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Mitsche, Nicole. "Digital destination promotion : understanding and maximizing the use of digital and cultural assets to enhance tourists' decision making and destination marketing strategies." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/7105/.

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With the overarching research question “how Information and Communication Technologies can be used to support a destination in improving tourists’ information search and decision making through the use of its digital and cultural assets” this thesis connects the three themes of eTourism, destination marketing and heritage tourism through a user-centric approach and the application of innovative technologies. The eight papers provided utilise and investigate the application of technology to improve the effectiveness and promotion of destination marketing and destination marketing organisations whilst, at the same time, improving user experiences. Interdisciplinary research focuses on the opportunities provided by digital and cultural assets of destinations to enhance destination marketing efforts. This research recognises and discusses the importance and challenges of the commodification process of tangible and intangible heritage as part of the marketing process. Methodologies appropriate to each of the research purposes were applied and data was triangulated to improve understanding. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires, web crawlers and log files enabling the research to draw on analytical methods such as correspondence and cluster analysis, as well as data envelopment analysis (DEA). Qualitative methods such as workshop cycles, observations, and interviews were used to provide rich narratives analysed through content analysis. The results from the eight papers enhance destination marketing efforts by providing a better understanding of user behaviour and preferences based on travel personalities, travel and search pattern. They provide a clearer representation of the technologies, digital assets and e-Services available, discussing web site content and effectiveness. Strategies and innovative ideas to improve the current utilisation of digital technologies are provided based on the outcomes of the studies presented. Furthermore, a reflection on the use of intangible cultural heritage assets within destination marketing supported through the use of technologies is explored to enhance opportunities for destination marketing. V The research presents innovative and new ways to a destination to create new meanings and unique selling points (USPs) through cultural heritage assets and user-centric technologies. It introduces an interpretative strategy within destination marketing, and ideas to make the tourists’ holiday choice process more engaging. It enhances the understanding of on-line destination presentation, enabling comparisons between providers and improving their competitiveness. The main contribution of this work is new and enhanced insights how to improve on-line destination presentation by understanding its current representation and users’ search and behaviour patterns online and during travelling. It provides examples for the usefulness of ICT and cultural heritage in order to improve destinations’ marketing efforts. It also adds to the debate of the application of technologies for heritage interpretation and the commodification of (local) cultural heritage assets for destination marketing and tourism purposes.

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Cox, Natasha Hannah. "Destination Brand Governance: An Exploration of Destination Management Organisations’ and Operators’ Perspectives." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366090.

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This thesis explores Destination Management Organisations’ (DMOs) and operators’ role in destination branding. The thesis draws upon a resource-based view to explore how the combination of a destination’s key resources and capabilities (i.e. destination brand) create valuable destination experiences that are aligned to consumer needs and wants. In doing so, through a multi-stakeholder exploration of branding practices, this thesis builds on existing destination branding literature. As the broker of the destination’s resources, the DMO must balance the relationships with operators to establish a consistent destination experience through brand governance. Yet, destination brand governance is complex due to the heterogeneity of the organisations involved developing and delivering the brand. As such, balancing the relationships within the destination to establish brand buy-in is a challenge for DMOs. This thesis defines brand buy-in as the operators’ willingness to engage positively with the destination brand. The process requires the operators and DMOs to contribute resources together to achieve a consistent brand experience. Failure to do so weakens brand experience and negatively influences consumer loyalty. It is therefore vital that DMOs understand the dominant logic influencing operators’ destination branding goals to stimulate brand buy-in. The absence of empirical research exploring destination brands from an operator perspective and, in particular, ways to promote their buy-in prompt the need for this research. In doing so, ways for DMOs to balance operator relationships through governance mechanisms are revealed Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith Business School Griffith Business School Full Text

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Cloquet, Isabelle. "Tourism Development and the Question of 'Stasis': A Case Study of Internal Leisure Travel in Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/217978.

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The thesis looks into the under-researched phenomenon of ‘stasis’ that can be observed in many emerging tourist destinations in the world. Stasis—defined here as non-growth—has been essentially addressed in the tourism literature from the perspective of operational constraints. However, in this thesis it is argued that such an approach neglects to consider these constraints as outcomes of deeply sedimented and chronically reproduced structural properties. In other words, the study attempts to gain an understanding of why operational constraints fail to receive response in destinations experiencing stasis. With its focus on stasis rather than on change, the study adopts an innovative approach to tourism development, intending in this way to add to destination development theories.Accordingly, the examination of the research problem is integrated into the general reflection on the development of tourist areas, composing the theoretical background of the study. Moreover, two important methodological decisions are made with the aim to better grasp the dynamics of tourism development within stasis. A first decision is to dissociate the quantitative aspects of destination development from the qualitative ones, introducing two distinctive constructs named destination growth and destination shaping. A second decision is to address the research question from a strategic relational approach to structure and agency. The use of a structure-agency approach is decisive in appraising the extent to which structural constraints affect tourism stakeholders’ actions. The phenomenon is explored empirically from a critical theory perspective and a qualitative approach based on a single case study. The case under scrutiny is Gabon, a politically stable destination with acknowledged tourism assets and a tourism strategy adopted in the past decade. Gabon is examined essentially for its function as internal leisure travel destination. The analysis thus includes both domestic and international tourism, but limits itself to leisure travel. The study results indicate that, in the case of Gabon, structural properties and their rigidity explained a great deal of operational constraints and their continuity over time. However, and while structural properties adversely affect destination development, including growth, tourism initiatives are still able to emerge. These tourism initiatives are varied in that they are undertaken by different types of actors, they have different goals and take different forms. Yet, very few of these tourism stakeholders are in a position to modify the country’s structural properties due to a high centrality of social control. In such context, destination growth is primarily determined by the vested interest of a small circle of agents with social power. In conclusion, a country’s structural properties need to be regarded as spatialized and temporalized tendencies having a selective effect on actors but cannot fully explain action, hence destination development. In turn, action is intended—and strategic—but results do not necessarily match initial intentions. This implies that tourism development cannot be apprehended through the sole actions of tourism stakeholders, but need a combined analysis of the interrelationships between structure and agency. Doctorat en Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Spyriadis, Thanasis. "Performance evaluation framework for destination management organisations : managers' perpectives." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2014. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21384/.

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This study aims to develop a performance evaluation framework for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs). Although tourism researchers (Ritchie and Crouch 2005; Pike 2005; Bornhorst et al. 2010; Morrison 2013; Pike and Page 2014) acknowledge that the organisational performance of a DMO is a key determinant of destination development and competitiveness, existing studies in this area are scarce. Therefore, the major contribution of this study is towards the advancement of knowledge and understanding of the construct of DMO effectiveness, and ultimately the development of a robust DMO performance evaluation framework (PEF). A stronger focus on evaluation of DMO effectiveness is particularly relevant in light of the recent public sector funding cuts in England that have significantly affected DMOs. The thesis is informed by a critical review of the existing tourism destination development and performance management literature. The discussion focuses on the strategic and operational roles of DMOs as key development agents within the contemporary context of destinations in England. Moreover, the study is informed by relevant performance management theories applied in wider private, public and non-profit organisational contexts. The principles of organisational effectiveness in this study are examined by a synthesis of multiple theoretical lenses: goal theory, stakeholder theory and competing values approach. Particular emphasis is placed on existing theory and practice of evaluating organisational effectiveness in the context of small and medium organisations, as well as development agencies, as they are pertinent to the organisational nature of DMOs. The study’s research design is underpinned by an interpretive social sciences paradigm and employs a qualitative methodology. A total of twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior DMO managers across England. Emphasis is on identifying senior DMO managers’ perspectives on the concept of effectiveness and organisational performance. Furthermore, the interviews focus on exploring the key determinants of DMO performance evaluation. The thematic analysis and critical discussion of DMO managers’ views with the relevant literature has led to relevant conclusions that informed the performance evaluation framework as presented in the final chapter of the thesis. The theoretical contributions of the study include the identification of key performance perspectives that enable the comprehensive evaluation of operational effectiveness and strategic impact of DMOs. The findings of this study suggest that DMO effectiveness is defined by the organisation’s rationale for existence and non-profit strategic impetus, which includes supporting the visitor economy by means of strategic value creation and co-creation, strategic leadership for tourism development, and advancing the collaborative governance structures for tourism development. The study ascertains that several features of the specific destination context determine the complexity of destination development and ultimately the emphasis of DMOs in particular performance evaluation perspectives. Nevertheless, it was found that a holistic approach to DMO performance evaluation requires a focus on two key interrelated perspectives: outward-looking and internal. From an outward-looking perspective, DMO performance evaluation primarily focuses on the achievement of strategic tourism development results that the DMO creates or co-creates with its stakeholders. These strategic results (or value) is underpinned by the DMO’s rationale for existence, and is associated with its supporting and leadership role in four destination development areas: identifying the rationale for intervention; designing action plans for the strategic support of tourism; administering the implementation of destination development activity; and, monitoring the impact of development interventions. Internal performance perspectives focus on internal value creation within a DMO in terms of business planning and organisational capability. The former relates to evaluation of business objectives and functions, as well as structures and processes; while, the latter relates to evaluation of resources, skills and competences. Importantly, the interface between outward-looking and internal perspectives of DMO effectiveness is elusive, as internal and external stakeholders co-create value with various levels of contribution at different stages of the process of development. The study specifies the nature and mechanisms of value creation and co-creation across outward-looking and internal perspectives of DMO performance; therefore, it supports an advanced understanding of the dynamics that determine the elusiveness between DMO and destination success. The study has several practical applications for DMO managers and policy makers. The study can help DMO managers conduct systematic and robust performance evaluations of their organisation by combining both outward-looking and internal perspectives of DMO effectiveness. This can help them identify areas for improvement of economy, efficiency, capacity and effectiveness in achieving strategic and operational results. Ultimately, this can lead to improvements in return on investment for DMOs and their resource providers (e.g. funders). The study can help DMO managers and stakeholders determine each other’s contribution to the value creation and value co-creation in destination development activities. This can assist DMOs evaluate their added value or additionality in destination development initiatives, which in turn can support or clarify the rationale for the DMO’s existence. Moreover, the study supports improvements in destination development initiatives by promoting the need for DMO managers to work in partnership with stakeholders and advance unified theories of change and impact chain models for destination development. This way, DMO managers can improve effectiveness in monitoring and controlling the processes of project and programme implementation. The study also helps DMO managers identify gaps in skills and competences for performance monitoring and evaluation. Demonstrating commitment in developing performance evaluation capability, as well being able to demonstrate return on investment can be valuable for DMOs. It enables them to gain credibility, trust and legitimacy, which can lead to improved capacity to develop successful partnerships with key stakeholders. This is then particularly important in the contemporary context of DMOs in England, where they work as key partners within LEPs. In addition, it is valuable in times of scarce public sector funding as strengthening partnerships with key stakeholders can lead to opportunities for revenue generation. Finally, the study can enable policy makers to evaluate DMO performance and rationalise their existence and their roles in the context of sustainable destination development.

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Carvalho, Susan Belinda. "Film-induced tourism: the case of Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12391.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Planeamento em Turismo The following dissertation discusses the topic of film-induced tourism in Portugal from the perspective of the Portuguese destination marketing organisations. As research concerning film tourism in Portugal was unavailable due to the novelty of the topic, primary research was developed through online survey questionnaires, case studies and interviews. The primary research conducted found that Portugal has all the necessary resources and attributes required to develop film tourism; however DMOs and film commissions need to work together to ensure that films are promoted in a way which can be beneficial to both the tourism sector and the film industry. O presente trabalho aborda o tema do cineturismo em Portugal pela perspetiva das associações de promoção turística portuguesas. Dada a escassez de investigação sobre cineturismo em Portugal, devido à novidade do tema, foi desenvolvida investigação primária através de inquéritos por questionário, estudos de caso e entrevistas. A investigação primária conduzida concluiu que Portugal detém todos os recursos e atributos necessários para desenvolver o cineturismo, no entanto as associações de promoção turística e as film commissions necessitam de trabalhar em conjunto para garantir que os filmes são promovidos de uma forma que pode ser benéfica para o setor do turismo e para a indústria do cinema.

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Djumrianti, Desloehal. "Representations of Jakarta as a tourist destination : a critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2018. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/8848/.

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The purpose of this study is to interrogate how the official tourism websites of Jakarta, represent the tourism and culture of Jakarta; and to understand how those tourism discourses form a part of wider social processes, and social practices. The investigation uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the contents of both texts and visual images, and interpret how they reflect Jakarta’s tourist resources. Societal analysis focuses on explanations of social discourses surrounding interpretations of the data. The study found through the visual images and the texts, that Jakarta was represented as both traditional and modern. Several concepts drawn from the postcolonial literature were used to explore the traditional and modern representation of Jakarta namely exoticism, cultural hybridity and mimicry, primitivism, and authenticity. In addition, notions of self-Orientalism and issues of gender emerged in the analysis of these representations. The exoticisation of Jakarta was represented in the content, structure and practice of traditional foods; traditional clothing of Jakarta; in the traditional dances of Jakartans, and the traditional street theatre. Cultural hybridity was relevant in that those traditional performing arts were influenced by Chinese and European cultures. The representation of native people on Jakarta’s websites related to the concept of primitivism. The concept of authenticity was problematised for example in the representation of the Selamat Datang monument, the patung Pancoran, and the National monument as authentic city properties. The concept of self-Orientalism was applied here, where Jakartan females were represented iii as inferior and in dependent relationships with men, confirming Orientalist stereotypes of Asian women. The study also found the concept of cultural mimicry and hybridity in the representation of Jakarta as modern, such as shopping malls, amusement parks, and spa treatments. From the discussion, there were also some wider social issues which arose from the representation of traditional elements of Jakarta’s culture. That is, to meet tourists’ needs the originality of the traditional foods of Jakarta, such as Kerak Telor was changed. Similarly, the effects of Ondel-ondel or traditional street theatre of Jakarta being used to meet the tourists’ demands, is over exploitation. However, the study revealed that there was no significant social impact of the representation of Jakarta as modern. Another important finding emerging from the study is that the official websites are more powerful compared to other online forms of information about a destination. It was because the official website is government owned, so, it appears to be credible; it also allowed the Tourism Board to use several techniques to represent the destination, such as the use of the story telling method and multimodal discourses, such as texts, photos, videos, or logos.

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Schurland, Leslie Desiree. "Descriptive study of Trinidad as a tourist destination /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10715.

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Lojo, Blesa Aureli. "Understanding a new tourism market and destination development: The case of Chinese tourism in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669362.

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El crecimiento del turismo chino hasta ser el primer emisor mundial de turismo es uno de los fenómenos más excitantes que ha ocurrido en los últimos años. Sin embargo, entender al turista chino supone un desafío en destinos occidentales. Esta tesis tiene el objetivo general de mejorar la comprensión del turismo chino en España para desarrollar el destino. A este fin, se generan propuestas de investigación a partir de cinco objetivos: (1) revisar la literatura existente, (2) comprender el producto turístico, (3) entender el comportamiento del turista, (4) conocer las fuentes de información, y (5) comprender la imagen del destino. Esta es una tesis formada por un compendio de publicaciones. Se diferencian tres partes: La introducción general (Parte I); una colección de cinco artículos (Parte II); la discusión y conclusiones generales (Parte III). Desde una posición filosófica cuasi-positivista, en todos los artículos se trabaja mayoritariamente con datos y metodologías cuantitativas. Se ha seguido un método inductivo (no se ha partido de hipótesis previas, sino de objetivos de investigación). El diseño de la investigación es empírico y la estrategia de investigación es el estudio de caso. Para la extracción de datos se han utilizado dos técnicas (encuestas y web scrapping ), que se han analizado mayormente con técnicas cuantitativas. Los resultados del Artículo 1 revelan que las principales redes de producción científica en el estudio del turismo chino surgen alrededor de cuatro clústeres de investigadores. En cuanto a los temas estudiados, el estudio identifica y explica seis clústeres: comportamiento del turista; (políticas e impactos; desarrollo de la industria; segmentos del consumidor; servicios; valores culturales y turismo. El análisis de los productos ofertados por las agencias de viaje chinas (Artículo 2) halla patrones y similitudes en sus itinerarios. Las principales ciudades visitadas son Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla, Granada, Toledo, Mijas, Ronda y Córdoba. El producto se formula mediante dimensiones culturales y experienciales. La dimensión cultural está formada por la historia, la cultura (especialmente, la andaluza) y la arquitectura. La dimensión experiencial, por la conveniencia de un viaje guiado, organizado por la agencia de viajes, y los servicios ofrecidos. En el Artículo 3 se define el perfil demográfico, motivaciones y satisfacción con el destino del turista. Los resultados muestran que, en conjunto, el turista chino está más motivado por la novedad y la relajación en su viaje a España y, en segundo lugar, por el patrimonio y la cultura. En cambio, los turistas que visitan España por tercera vez están más motivados por el clima, la naturaleza y las compras que por la cultura y patrimonio. Tras analizar las páginas web de cuatro tipos de proveedores de información, los resultados del Artículo 4 muestran, el posicionamiento de las fuentes en los buscadores online, la densidad, diversidad y dominios de información. Los blogs son la fuente de información más diversa y rica, seguidas de las guías de viaje y Barcelona Turisme. En cambio, las agencias de viajes tienden a ser más repetitivas. En el Artículo 5 se propone un marco conceptual para comprender la fragmentación de la imagen turística. Los resultados muestran que para Barcelona Turisme, la imagen de Barcelona está construida sobre el concepto de espacio público, elementos de arte local, cultura tangible e intangible, festividades y deportes. En cambio, las fuentes chinas tienen una imagen mucho más tradicional y limitada (basada en la arquitectura de Gaudí). Tal y como se muestra en las conclusiones, los métodos y bases teóricas empleados suponen una contribución también aplicable a otros mercados turísticos emergentes. En la Parte III se incluye la discusión de resultados, las implicaciones académicas y prácticas, las limitaciones y futuras áreas de investigación. China is the top source market, in terms of both numbers of tourists and international tourism expenditure. The growth of tourism in China is one of the most exciting phenomena that have occurred in recent years. However, understanding Chinese tourists is a challenge for Western destinations. The main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of Chinese tourism in Spain. To this end, five practical approaches are generated here. The specific research objectives are to: (1) review the existing literature; (2) interpret the tourist product; (3) understand the tourist behavior; (4) know the characteristics of the main sources of tourism information; and (5) identify the image of the destination. This thesis consists of a compendium of publications. There are three main parts: the general introduction (Part I); five articles (Part II); and the discussion and general conclusions (Part III). From a quasi-positivist philosophical position, all the articles are approached with quantitative data and methodologies. An inductive method has been followed (not based on previous hypotheses, but on research objectives). The design of the research is empirical, and the research strategy is the case study. Two techniques are used for data extraction (web scraping and surveys), which have been analyzed mostly with quantitative techniques. After analyzing the past 10 years’ research production on Chinese outbound tourism, the results of Article 1 reveal that the main networks of scientific collaboration are built around four authors. The findings also identify and explain six thematic clusters of research: tourist behavior; policies and impacts; industry development; consumer segments; services; and cultural values and tourism. The analysis of the products offered by Chinese travel agencies (Article 2) finds patterns and similarities in tourism itineraries. The main cities visited are Barcelona, Madrid, Seville, Granada, Toledo, Mijas, Ronda and Córdoba. The product is formulated through cultural and experiential dimensions. The cultural dimension is formed by history, culture, and architecture. The experiential dimension is formed by the convenience of an organized trip, the tour guide and the services offered. Article 3 defines the Chinese tourist’s demographic profile, motivations and satisfaction with the destination. The results show that, overall, the Chinese tourist is firstly motivated by novelty and relaxation on their trip to Spain and, secondly, by heritage and culture. However, tourists that visit Spain for the third time are more motivated by the climate, nature, and shopping than by the culture and heritage. After analyzing the websites of four types of information providers, the results of Article 4 show the positioning of sources in online search engines. The findings also show the profiles of density, diversity and domains of information. Blogs are the most diverse and rich sources of information, followed by travel guides and Barcelona Turisme. In contrast, travel agencies tend to be more repetitive. Article 5 proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the fragmentation of the tourist image. The results show that, for Barcelona Turisme, the image of Barcelona is built on the concept of public space, elements of local art, tangible and intangible culture, festivities and sports. In contrast, Chinese sources have a much more traditional and limited image (based on Gaudí). The general discussion and conclusion (Part III) includes a discussion of the results, the academic and practical implications, limitations, and future areas of research. As shown in this last part, the methods and theoretical bases contributed by this dissertation are also applicable to other emerging tourism markets. The theoretical and practical implications for the entire dissertation are discussed.

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Noaman, Samar Billi. "Tourisme médical : comprendre les comportements de consommation des voyageurs et enjeux stratégiques pour le Liban." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E033/document.

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Une littérature de fond sur le tourisme médical a été attribuée aux motivations des touristes médicaux. Des académiciens ont étudié les expériences des touristes médicaux et leur niveau de satisfaction. Néanmoins, le lien entre ces deux concepts a rarement été examiné dans la littérature sur le tourisme médical. Ainsi, cette étude examine les motivations des touristes médicaux destinées pour le tourisme médical et l’effet de ces motivations sur leur perception de la qualité, de la satisfaction, et de l’intention de revisiter. En outre, l’étude vise à explorer les différentes caractéristiques des touristes médicaux qui rendent à des classements différents. L'objectif est d'étudier les caractéristiques qui attirent les touristes médicaux vers la destination, pour améliorer leurs expériences et leurs satisfactions en matière de tourisme médical. De manière empirique, cette étude privilégie la destination touristique médicale, au niveau commercial et national pour un niveau mondial, en abordant les motivations et les perceptions des touristes médicaux. Les fondements théoriques sont tirés de la théorie «push» et «pull», du processus de prise de décision en cinq étapes, en plus des théories issues de la qualité de perception des services et la satisfaction de la littérature. Un cadre conceptuel a été développé pour illustrer la relation entre les variables de l’étude. Les motivations ont été classées en attirer «push» et pousser «pull». Les motivations d'attirer ont été classées en motivations associées à la destination, aux attributs médicaux, à la commodité et au prix. La qualité perçue a été classée en médecine et touristique. Méthodologiquement, l’étude incorpore une approche de triangulation où les données primaires ont été collectées auprès de fournisseurs impliqués dans le tourisme médical via des entretiens et auprès de touristes médicaux via une enquête. Huit entretiens ont été menés avec des fournisseurs de tourisme médical dans les pays d’étude, afin d’obtenir des informations approfondies sur le sujet et de procéder à une vérification plus approfondie du développement des connaissances quantitatives. Au total, 212 réponses ont été obtenues à partir de l’enquête pour vérifier le modèle quantitatif en utilisant le modèle d’équation structurel. D'autres techniques d'analyse des données ont été utilisées, principalement l'Analyse Factorielle Exploratoire et l'Analyse Factorielle Confirmatoire. Les résultats apportent un soutien à certaines relations hypothétiques. Les motivations d'attraction associées aux attributs médicaux affectent la qualité médicale perçue et les motivations d'attraction associées à la destination, aux attributs médicaux et à la commodité affectent la qualité touristique perçue. La qualité perçue à la fois médicale et touristique influe sur la satisfaction, tandis que la satisfaction affecte l’intention de la visite. Les constatations étendent également les applications des théories sous-jacentes pour expliquer le comportement des consommateurs dans le tourisme médical. Les principales théories comprennent un processus de prise de décision en cinq étapes et une théorie de la qualité du service de désaccord. Les implications de la recherche s'étendent au niveau de l'entreprise et au niveau national. Les résultats peuvent aider les gestionnaires impliqués dans les entreprises de tourisme médical, notamment les cliniques, les centres médicaux, les hôtels et les agences de voyages, à réaffecter leurs ressources et à mettre en œuvre les pratiques recommandées susceptibles d'améliorer leurs performances et d'attirer d'autres touristes. Au niveau national, les conclusions sont importantes pour les décideurs clés dans les domaines du tourisme et de la santé. Les résultats et les recommandations peuvent aider à accroître l’attractivité de la destination et à améliorer l’expérience du tourisme médical, ce qui se traduirait par des avantages économiques pour la destination dans son ensemble A substantive literature of medical tourism has been attributed to medical tourists' motivations. Academicians have studied medical tourists' experiences and resulting satisfaction level. Nevertheless, the link between these two concepts has seldom been examined in medical tourism literature. Thus, this study examines medical tourists’ motivations for medical tourism destination, the effect of those motivations on their perception of quality, satisfaction and intention to revisit. In addition, the study aims to explore the various characteristics of medical tourists which yields in classifying them into different segments. The objective is to investigate the attributes that attract medical tourists to the destination as well as possible ways to enhance their medical tourism experience and satisfaction. Empirically, the study aims to promote the medical tourism destination at business and national levels to a world-class level by addressing the motivations and perceptions of medical tourists. Theoretical foundations are drawn from push-pull theory, five steps decision-making process, in addition to theories from service perceived quality and satisfaction literature. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate the relationship between the study variables. The motivations were classified into push and pull. Pull motivations were classified into motivations associated with the destination, medical attributes, convenience and with price. Perceived quality was classified into medical and touristic. Methodologically, the study incorporates a triangulation approach where primary data were collected from suppliers involved in medical tourism via interviews and from medical tourists via survey. Eight interviews were conducted with suppliers of medical tourism in destination of study to obtain an in-depth insight into the subject matter as well as for further verification of quantitative knowledge development. A total of 212 responses were obtained from the survey for verification of the quantitative model using Structural Equation Modeling. Other data analysis techniques were employed, primarily Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The findings provide support to some hypothesized relationships.The pull motivations associated with medical attributes affect perceived medical quality and the pull motivations associated with destination, medical attributes and convenience affect perceived touristic quality. Both medical and touristic perceived quality affect satisfaction while satisfaction affected intention to revisit. The findings as well extend the applications of the underpinned theories in explaining consumer behavior in medical tourism. The main theories include five steps decision-making process and disconfirmation service quality theory. The implications of the research extend to business level and national level. The results can help managers involved in medical tourism businesses including clinics, medical centers, hotels and travel agencies to reallocate their resources and implement the recommended practices that can improve their performance and attract additional medical tourists. On a national level, the findings are significant to key decision makers in the fields of tourism and healthcare. The outcomes and recommendations can assist in increasing the attractiveness of the destination and improving the medical tourism experience which would result in economic benefit to the destination as a whole

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Anton, Aldevinge. "Market your destination : An investigation of how destination marketing organizations can reach generation Y." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53442.

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Background: The tourism industry and especially those that market destinations, destination marketing organizations (DMOs), face challenges to meet generation Y, with an uncertainty of how to do it. DMOs need to be adaptable to an everyday changing market in order to attract visitors to their destinations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how destination marketing organizations can market their destinations to reach domestic tourists within the population of generation Y. Method: A literature review was made in order to explore previous research regarding DMOs’ marketing strategies and tourists’ information search behavior. The literature review has been used in order to make hypotheses and a research model which lay the foundation for the design of a survey to test the hypotheses. An interview guide, based on the literature review, was made to address potential tourists and get deepen understanding of the field. Contrast and compare have been made between potential tourists’ opinions and the theoretical part, in order to draw conclusions on the subject. Results and conclusions: Results of this study have shown that for the chosen population, generation Y, are search engines and DMOs’ websites seen as the best way to reach tourists. DMOs have high possibilities to be seen on the web (their website and social media sites) if they actively use search engine optimization. Social media sites are also important, but in a different way, and DMOs need to work harder and cleverer on these sites to market their destinations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourism destination'

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