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1
Key, Carol. "Cayes, Coral, Tourism and Ethnicity in Belize." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3239/.
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The development of tourism and more importantly eco-tourism has emerged as a primary objective for the government of Belize, Central America. This study examines two villages Seine Bight and Placencia located on a peninsula occupied by separate ethnic groups (Garifuna and Creole) that is located on a peninsula in Southern Belize. Seine Bight and Placencia are undergoing a change in economic activity to tourism. The study attempts to understand the role of ethnicity, socio-economic status, amount of contact with tourists, and the environment in regard to attitudes towards tourism utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. The study also attempts to understand the organization and disorganization of productive activity on the peninsula and ethnicity over space and time. The point of diffusion and contact of different groups is reflected archeologically and historically in the marine landscape. The peninsula served not only as a natural harbor for those sailing up and down the coastline over time but also served as a point of diffusion of different groups reflected in changing place names, such as Placentia, Point Patient, and Pasciencia.
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Vitous, Crystal Ann. "Impacts of Tourism Development on Livelihoods in Placencia Village, Belize." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6773.
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Placencia Village is one of Belize’s leading “eco-destinations,” due to its sandy-white beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife sanctuaries. While the use of “green washing,” the process of deceptively marketing products, aims or policies as being environmentally friendly, has proven to be effective in attracting consumers who are thought to be environmentally and socially conscious, the exponential growth, coupled with the absence of established policies, represents a significant threat to Belize. This thesis examines the political-ecologic dimensions of rapid tourism expansion in Southern Belize by investigating how the health of the biophysical environment is perceived, what processes are responsible for change, and how these changes are impacting the socioeconomic livelihoods of the local people.
3
Enriquez-Savery, Sherlene. "Statistical Analysis of a Risk Factor in Finance and Environmental Models for Belize." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6231.
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The objectives of the study are to review and evaluate four basic risk models that are commonly used in investment science; statistically investigate the risk factor in Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) that is used to reflect the safety of an investment decision in stocks; explore the statistical distribution of monthly precipitation in Belize and to forecast tourist arrivals using statistical time series modelling techniques.
The risk models are the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Sharpe-Linter Version), Capital Asset Pricing Model (Conditional Version), Arbitrage Pricing Theory, and Fama–French three-factor model adopted in empirical investigations of asset pricing. The underlying assumptions of using these models are reviewed, and the statistical procedures to evaluate their robustness are reviewed.
It will be shown that the present manner of determining this risk factor is quite sensitive and misleading. We introduce a statistical procedure for obtaining a more robust measure of the risk factor commonly referred to as CAPM beta.
Changes in the hydrological cycle will generate repercussions in all sectors. It is therefore imperative that Belize’s water resources be managed in an integrated manner, responding to the requirements of all sectors. Daily rainfall data have been collected for a period of 51 years (1960– 2011) from The National Meteorological Service of Belize. The Wakeby distribution adequately fit the monthly rainfall data producing a suitable model based on the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test.
Tourism is vitally important to the entire Belize’s economy, contributing 50% of Belize's gross domestic product in 2015. It is the foremost foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The tourist sector is not without its vulnerabilities and is subject to international economic vagaries. In order to meet the expected future demands on the industry in terms of service delivery it is important that the sector understands the significance of forecasting.
4
Ricardo, Gilberto. "Sustainable tourism development: A case study of Bazaruto Island in Inhambane, Mozambique." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Sustainable tourism development strategies are regarded as suitable for developed countries, while pro-poor tourism strategies are seen as suitable approaches for underdeveloped countries. Both approaches stress the importance of local community-based or collaborative tourism management. The goal of these strategies is for local communities to achieve a more equitable share of benefits accruing from tourism development. This study dealt with the problem of which policy changes need to be brought about to ensure sustainable tourism development on Bazaruto Island. From an economic perspective, one would wish to examine the economic returns to tourism, ensuring that as many of the benefits as possible stay within Mozambique while some accrue to local community members. In addition, from an ecological perspective, it would be necessary to ensure that much of the pristine environment is retained. The local community would wish to ensure significant participation in preserving and promoting its culture as part of the development of tourism.
5
Devine, Jonathan Hugh. "Rural Community Attitudes Towards Tourism." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DevineJH2006.pdf.
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Chifon, Godlove Ngek. "The role of sustainable tourism in poverty alleviation in South Africa : a case study of the Spier tourism initiative." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8395_1304680791.
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In South Africa, poverty engendered by the apartheid regime has long been part of the fabric of the economy. Against this background of social marginalisation, material deprivation and individual vulnerability, tourism has over the years increasingly been mooted as a strategically important and lucrative sector that, if fully explored and exploited, would lead to sustained poverty alleviation in the Republic of South Africa. The central aim of this study was to establish whether tourism as evident in the Spier Tourism model is a sustainable poverty-reduction strategy. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the socio-economic impact of Spier tourism initiatives on its workers (previously disadvantaged individuals) and the local population, to assess the pro-poor tourism practices as implemented by Spier in relation to Rogerson&rsquo
s pro-poor approach, to identify the challenges that Spier is facing in its pro-poor tourism approach with respect to poverty reduction goals, to provide recommendations on how the challenges can be met most effectively and to examine how pro-poor tourism can be promoted and enhanced in South Africa. The study employed both the qualitative and quantitative research designs. Data were collected through different qualitative and quantitative techniques (in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaire). Summary findings indicate that Spier has positively contributed to the socio-economic improvement in the living standards (contribution to livelihood &ndash
increased income, enhanced health and food status), through job creation, improved education/healthcare, empowerment through training and skill development, investment in the corporate social responsibility. However, Spier is still grappling with challenges such as racial disputes, insufficient income of employees and unqualified staff to mention a few. This study makes several recommendations which are based on the findings.
7
Satoguchi, Kazue. "Ecotourism in Japan : prospects and challenges." Title page, table of contents and abstract, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs253.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 71-78. Prospects and challenges to ecotourism promotion are explored through a case study on Yakushima. Recommendations to national/local governments, the tourism industry, NPOs and local people are made forecotourism promotion in Japan
8
Sitanggang, Luciana. "Ecotourism management plan for Riung." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs623.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 102-105. Presents an ecological management plan for Riung to ensure that the unique environment and traditional culture are protected while ecotourism thrives. Provides strategies and actions; and designed as a model for an Indonesian ecotourism management plan.
9
Chin, Yee-ming Margaret, and 陳綺明. "The business environment of tour operators in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263161.
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Kauls, Angela L. "The impact of tourism on the physical environment of third world countries : a case study of Negril, Jamaica." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/483413.
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Unplanned and rapid growth of tourism can be perilous to the natural and socio-cultural environment of communities and regions. Unplanned tourism can destroy the unique landscapes upon which it depends. This problem is particularly severe in third world nations which are hosting a new generation of tourism in hopes of economic survival.This paper presents a case study which supports the above contentions by identifying changes that have taken place in Negril, Jamaica, through a discussion of the causes and effects of rapid, poorly planned tourism development in that town. This provides the basic framework within which the author raises questions suggest ideas to promote more appropriate and culturally and sensitive changes in present land use policies in the city of Negril.Department of Landscape Architecture
11
Li, Jia. "Impact of tourism development on the Wolong Nature Reserve, China : perceptions of tourists and local residents." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1006.
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Ng, King-man, and 吳敬文. "Planning sustainable tourism in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260044.
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Soares, Cristiane de Souza. "Qualidade de vida, realidades e conflitos do turismo na paisagem litoranea : o caso de Saquarema - RJ." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281008.
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Orientador: Sonia Regina da Cal SeixasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Cienciaqs Humanas
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Resumo: A relação turismo-meio ambiente-comunidade-sustentabilidade local vem se colocando cada vez mais permeada por conflitos, de tal modo, ser preciso empreender ações direcionadas ao equilíbrio entre a preservação cultural, ambiental, a qualidade de vida e a construção de alternativas econômicas de base local. A discussão sobre turismo x apropriação do espaço x qualidade de vida assume contornos relevantes à gestão pública municipal das cidades turísticas que possuem grande dificuldade para lidar com os problemas oriundos do excessivo fluxo de pessoas. O estudo de caso de um destino turístico litorâneo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, assume a legitimidade para a avaliação do paradigma da sustentabilidade, estabelecendo estratégias para a garantia da integridade do patrimônio ambiental e cultural local ancorando a formulação de políticas urbanas em bases mais sustentáveis. Os resultados alcançados na pesquisa nos conduziram à conclusão que a manutenção da cultura e da identidade local são primordiais à construção do comportamento do indivíduo-cidadão, pois estes se mostram como elementos estruturantes da coletividade que se constitui base primária para a busca da qualidade de vida.
Abstract: The relation local tourism-half environment-community-support comes if more placing each time confused by conflicts, in such way, necessary being to undertake actions directed to the balance between the cultural, ambient preservation, the quality of life and the construction of economic alternatives of local base. The quarrel on tourism x appropriation of space x quality of life assumes excellent contours to the municipal public administration of the tourist cities that possess great difficulty to the deal with deriving problems of the extreme flow of people. The study case of a littoral tourist destination of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, it assumes the legitimacy for the evaluation of the paradigm of the support, establishing strategies for the guarantee of the integrity of the ambient, patrimony and cultural place anchoring the formularization of urban politics in more sustainable bases. The results reached in the research had lead in them to the conclusion of that maintenance of the culture and local identity is primordial to the construction of the behavior of the individual-citizen, therefore these if they show as basics elements of the collective that if constitutes primary base for the search of the quality life.
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
14
Wakil, Md Abdul. "Role of tourism to achieve environmental sustainability in coastal areas : a case of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206615.
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Tourism is acquiring the attention worldwide especially in the developing countries (Akpabio et al. 2006). In the case of coastal areas, tourism is more sensitive to environmental degradation compared to other economic activities because the environment is its primary resource. With the help of efficient planning and proper management of natural resources, tourism can significantly contribute to environmental conservation and to achieve environmental sustainability in coastal areas (Orhon et al. 2011).
The main purposes of this study are to explore the tourism development trend in coastal areas of Cox’s Bazar, to analyse existing environmental conditions of Cox’s Bazar coastal area, to examine the importance of environmental sustainability at coastal region. More positively, the study shows environmental sustainability can be achieved through more eco-friendly planning of installations in tourism hubs like Cox’s Bazar.
The main methods of conducting this study were desktop research; data collection through questionnaire survey and expert interview; data input in SPSS, processing and analysis; evaluation of policies, strategies and institutional framework. To formulate study goal and objectives, a comprehensive literature review has been conducted to understand about tourism, tourism development, sustainability, sustainable development by reviewing relevant reports, journals, and international cases which has helped to develop the conceptual framework of the study. After extensive literature review and formulation of goal and objectives, the conceptual framework of the study data collection instruments such as questionnaire has been prepared to collect data from the field. The study is largely based on the primary data collected through field visit, interviews to the experts on tourism and environment, and questionnaire survey at the study area, Cox’s Bazar. In this study, the statistical data on the study area has been collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Apart from this, information has also been collected from various sources e.g. journals, projects, periodicals, and the daily newspapers, archives of both home and abroad. From the analysis, it found that Cox’s Bazar sea beach is a good place for tourism development, and it is also found that the level of tourism is improving gradually. Tourism in Cox’s Bazar mainly depends on natural beauty and environment of the coastal area. Tourism is producing long term negative effects on the coastal environment. If the environmental systems degrade tourism will not sustain any more. However, tourism can provide incentive for the conservation and restoration of the natural environment. Nearly half of the respondents stated that because of tourism, natural environment is in better condition in Cox’s Bazar and tourism provides incentive for the conservation and restoration of the natural environment.
The analysis also identifies that policies and strategies play a big role to the conservation of natural environment and resources, and the implementation of principles of sustainable development. Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has been formulated some policies and strategies related to tourism development, sustainable development and coastal zone management, but most of the policies and strategies are not implemented properly because of institutional conflicts.
In the light of the data analysis, discussion and findings, some recommendations are suggested here to help and guide future decisions regarding tourism development, conservation of the environment, sustainable development and sustainability at coastal areas in Bangladesh.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
15
Diekmann, Anya. "Bridging the gap: the relationship between heritage preservation and tourist consumption." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211073.
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au, A. Wegner@murdoch edu, and Agathe Wegner. "Relationships with many facets: unpacking the interactions between protected area managers and commercial tour operators." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080131.140448.
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For protected areas worldwide, commercial tour operators are increasingly providing the services and products desired and needed by visitors to these areas. Given the engagement of both protected area managers and tour operators in protected areas, and inevitably with each other, it is critical that their relationship and its complexities are clearly understood. As such, the interests of managers and operators overlap insofar as that they work in the same locales, share some of the burden of service provision, and aim to offer a quality product. However, this study shows that they diverge in other ways, particularly given the commercial imperative that necessarily strongly influences the activities of their business, irrespective of its location. This thesis seeks to unpack the complexities of a relationship that is critically important both in terms of the quality of the tourism experiences offered by protected areas, and the conservation of such areas in the longer term. In order to obtain an understanding of the complexity of the interactions between protected area managers and tour operators, qualitative research methods were used, in which in-depth interviews provided a rich picture of the important diverse aspects and facets impacting on their relationships. This study found that both managers and operators considered the purpose of protected areas to be the conservation of biodiversity and their recreational use and enjoyment. Surprisingly, their similar values were unknown to them. A major influence on their relationships was their perceptions of power, with dominant power largely based on legislative and regulatory mandates, perceived to rest with the protected area managers. In contrast, this study also found evidence of resistant power. This form of Foucauldian power was held particularly by operators in one geographic locale, and was associated with the concepts of cultural groupings and groupthink. The underlying public policy context influenced the effectiveness of the collaborative efforts of managers and operators. Interwoven with these differences were variable expectations regarding the nature and purpose of communication and what collaboration might mean. These findings importantly suggest several future directions for both practice and research. First, managers and operators share values and hold both similar and different expectations and perceptions, similarities and differences which are significant. Secondly, understanding the importance of power and how it is exercised is critical if successful relationships between managers and operators are to be fostered. Finally, further unpackaging of the meaning of communication and collaboration for managers and operators, a process initiated in this study, is essential if relationships between these groups involved in conservation and recreation in protected areas are to be improved. Therefore, this study suggests that their collaboration can be enhanced at individual, organisational/locale and policy levels, by adopting and implementing an action research framework.
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Currie, Bianca. "Cost-benefit analysis of land restoration in the Assegaaibos Catchment Area with regard to water yield and tourism benefit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/726.
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With the emergence of the new field of resource economics, one now has the ability to value and to include natural resources in decision making. This thesis aims to explore the valuation of natural resources by reviewing the economic values, techniques, methods and ecological aspects of restoration. Assegaaibos mountain catchment in the Western Cape Province has been used as a case-study example. A cost-benefit analysis of the restoration of the mountain catchment, in terms of the direct benefits of water and tourism, has been performed. The costs of restoration were observed to see whether they outweighed the benefits (income) derived (water and tourism). The results show that the water and tourism benefits did outweigh the costs of a basic restoration scenario. However, the basic restoration scenario did not fulfil the ecological requirements of the project. The results also illustrated that in the moderate restoration scenario, costs only outweighed the benefits when a three percent discount rate was applied. With the optimistic restoration scenario, costs outweighed benefits only when an eight percent discount rate was used. In the comprehensive restoration scenario, costs were shown to outweigh by far the water and tourism benefits over a thirty-year time frame. However, it should be noted that the deterioration of the environment (accelerated erosion, reinvasion, reduced water quality) was not factored into the costs of failure to rehabilitate.
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林斯琪 and Sze-ki Lam. "The development of real estate tourism: the case of Shenzhen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27025512.
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Gonçalves, Kívia Amadei. "A percepção de diferentes atores sociais sobre a qualidade ambiental em trilhas = estudo de caso : Parque Estadual de Itinguçu." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258664.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A divergência de opiniões dos vários setores da sociedade sobre os usos e as estratégias de conservação de um território costuma ser a responsável pelos conflitos insolúveis em tomadas de decisão em planos de manejo. Ela é normalmente conseqüente da percepção que os indivíduos têm sobre o território que está sendo planejado. São poucos os estudos que fazem avaliações que podem, efetivamente, conduzir a compreensão mútua e a conciliação dos diversos interesses, seja em direção ao uso, seja em direção à conservação. Sob essa perspectiva, este estudo objetiva identificar e comparar as diferenças de percepção sobre impactos ambientais em trilha entre moradores, visitantes e pesquisadores a partir de uma realidade existente em uma unidade de conservação. A área estudada foi a trilha Cachoeira do Paraíso, localizada no antigo Parque Estadual do Itinguçu, em São Paulo. Foram feitos tabelamentos e mapeamentos de indicadores de impactos antes e depois de picos de visitação, e a realidade diagnosticada foi comparada com os resultados obtidos por simulações fotográficas e entrevistas aplicadas aos grupos sociais. O cruzamento de dados das simulações foi realizado pelo desenho de curvas de aceitabilidade da situação diagnosticada. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes da percepção sobre os impactos ambientais entre os três grupos sociais. Os moradores mostraram-se quase tão permissivos quanto os visitantes e bastante distante das perspectivas dos pesquisadores. Foram diagnosticadas diferenças em relação ao reconhecimento do impacto em tempo real, do grau de permissividade em relação aos impactos, da dispersão de opiniões e da capacidade de aceitabilidade dos impactos
Abstract: The divergences in opinion among the society groups about the uses and strategies for the territory conservation are usually the responsible for the conflicts in management planning decision. It is generally consequence of perception the individuals have over the territory that is being planned. The measure of this perception is hard because of diversity of variables involved. There are few studies that can, effectively, lead to mutual comprehension and conciliation of all the interests, directed to use or conservation. Under this perspective, this study aims to point a methodological way to identify the differences in perception about environmental impacts in trails among residents, visitants and researchers from a real situation in a conservation unit. The study area was de Paraiso Falls trail, in old Itinguçu State Park, São Paulo. Maps and tables of impact indicators were done before and after visit, and the observed reality was compared to results obtained by written and visual interviewing. The data analysis included qui-square and 1 proportion tests and acceptability graphs. It was expected that the comparison would permit to observe the differences within and among groups over the impacts in the Conservation Area
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
20
Lombard, Andrea. "Wind energy landscapes, place attachment and tourism in the Route 27/West Coast Region of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79872.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The West Coast Region (WCR) of the Western Cape Province in South Africa is earmarked for at least 13 windfarm developments. These proposed developments represent an investment in and a movement towards cleaner and alternative ways of energy generation. All developments that will alter the environment or landscape are usually received with some sort of opposition. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the presence of wind turbines in the form of wind farms will have any affect on the sense of place of insiders of (residents) and outsiders (visitors) to the West Coast Region, the insiders’ attachment to their natural landscapes and the outsiders’ experiences of the region. In the context of multiple issues arising from a very complex discourse around the possible effects that the proposed windfarms are perceived to have in the WCR, this study approached the research topic from three perspectives of inquiry: (1) windfarms and people’s place attachment; (2) windfarms and landscape aesthetic and function interference; and (3) windfarms and its effect on tourism. The study area includes 15 towns of three subregions of the WCR, namely the Swartland, West Coast Peninsula and Bergrivier subregions. The research objectives are seven fold, namely (1) to establish a solid base and understanding of the concepts and constructs related to wind energy, landscape aesthetics and place attachment; (2) to review appropriate case studies reported in the international literature and apply relevant methodologies in this study; (3) investigate theories, types and models of public decision making to explore the degree to which these could be applied to windfarm support or objection in the WCR; (4) to critique current policies in windfarm establishment and discover whether and how these shape social objection to or support for windfarm development in the WCR; (5) to establish the perceptions and attitudes relating to wind turbines of three groups of actors (tourism industry, tourists and residents) in the WCR by conducting questionnaire surveys in 15 West Coast towns and villages and interpret these views in relation to the impacts of wind turbines on the local landscape; (6) to determine the insiders’ place attachments to the WCR, whether the presence of wind turbines will affect these attachments and whether their attachments influence decisions to support or oppose the proposed windfarm developments; and (7) to assess the extent to which the presence of wind turbines will affect the tourism value of the region. Primary data was further strengthened by semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observation at public participation and specialized group meetings. Data was analysed using SPSS, Excel and ArcGIS. The findings indicate that respondents are concerned with issues related to the sustainability of the natural environment and that the residents of the WCR possess a strong sense of attachment to the region, but no clear indication was found that their place attachment serve as a reason for their opposition to the proposed windfarm developments. Although the support for windfarm development decreases from a national to a regional level and to the local level of in or close to the towns in which respondents reside, their opposition to windfarm development in the region cannot only be regarded as simple not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) attitudes. Seventy-five per cent of the respondents regard the physical landscape of the WCR as very special, but would still support the development of windfarms in the region indicating that the respondents do not believe the construction of wind turbines in the WCR landscapes will influence the special character of landscapes negatively. There is no indication presently that the tourism industry would be affected negatively by windfarm development in the region as both residents and visitors do not believe that windfarms deter tourists from visiting certain areas and more than 90% of visitors indicated they would return to the WCR after a number of windfarms have been developed. It is recommended that a post-development impact study be conducted to determine the attitudes toward windfarm development in the WCR following the deployment of wind turbines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Weskus-streek in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika word geoormerk vir ten minste 13 windplaas ontwikkelinge. Hierdie voorgestelde ontwikkelinge verteenwoordig ‘n belegging in en ‘n beweging na skoner en alternatiewe maniere van energieopwekking. Alle ontwikkelinge wat die omgewing of landskap sal verander word gewoonlik ontvang deur ‘n mate van teenkanting. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of die teenwoordigheid van windturbines in die vorm van windplase enige invloed op die plekbewustheid van inwoners van en besoekers aan die Weskus-streek, hulle gehegdheid aan die streek se natuurlike landskappe en besoekers se ervarings van die streek sal uitoefen. Binne die konteks van verskeie kwessies met hul oorsprong vanuit ‘n baie komplekse diskoers rondom die moontlike effekte wat vermeen word die voorgestelde windplase op die Weskus-streek sal hê, benader hierdie studie die navorsingsonderwerp vanuit drie navraagsperspektiewe: (1) windplase en mense se plekgehegdheid; (2) windplase en landskap estetiese en funksie steuring; en (3) windplase en die effek daarvan op toerisme. Die studie area sluit 15 dorpe uit drie substreke van die Weskus-streek in, naamlik die Swartland, Weskus Skiereiland en Bergrivier substreke. Die navorsingsdoelwitte is sewevoudig, naamlik (1) om ‘n konseptuele basis en verstaan van konsepte en konstrukte geassosieerd met windenergie-opwekking, landskap estetika en plekgehegdheid te kweek; (2) om toepaslike gevallestudies te hersien en sommige relevante metodologie vir die studie aan te wend; (3) om teorieë, tipes en modelle van publieke besluitneming te ondersoek ten einde te bepaal tot watter graad dit aangewend kan word tot windplaasondersteuning of teenkanting in die Weskus-streek; (4) om kritiek te lewer op huidige beleide van windplaasontwikkeling en te ontdek tot watter mate en hoe dit sosiale teenkanting of ondersteuning van windplaasontwikkeling in die Weskus-streek vorm; (5) om die persepsies en houdings van drie groepe deelnemers (die toerisme industrie, toeriste en inwoners) in die Weskus-streek te bepaal deur vraelysopnames in 15 Weskus dorpe te doen en hierdie sienings in verhouding met die impakte van windturbines op die plaaslike landskap te interpreer; (6) om die inwoners se plekgehegdheid tot die Weskus-streek te bepaal en of die teenwoordigheid van wind turbines hierdie gehegdheid sal affekteer en of hul gehegdheid besluitneming rakende die ondersteuning vir, of teenkanting teen, windplaasontwkkeling beïnvloed; en (7) om te bepaal tot watter mate die teenwoordigheid van windturbines die toerisme waarde van die streek sal affekteer. Primêre data is verder versterk deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, informele gesprekke en waarneming by publieke deelname sessies en gespesialiseerde groepsvergaderings. Data is ontleed deur middel van SPSS, Excel en ArcGIS. Daar is bevind dat respondente besorg is oor kwessies rondom die volhoubaarheid van die natuurlike omgewing en dat die inwoners van die Weskus-streek ‘n sterk gehegtheid aan die streek het, maar geen definitiewe aanduiding is gevind dat hulle gehegdheid aan die streek as ‘n behoorlike rede vir hul teenstand teen die voorgestelde windplase aangevoer kan word nie. Alhoewel ondersteuning vir windplase afneem vanaf nasionaal na streeksvlak en die plaaslike vlak van binne of naby die dorp waar respondente woon, kan teenkanting teen die ontwikkeling van windplase in die streek nie slegs eenvoudig as ‘n nie-in-my-agterplaas houding (NIMAP) beskou word nie. Vyf-en-sewentig persent van die respondente ag die fisiese landskap van die Weskus-streek as baie spesiaal, maar ondersteun steeds windplaasontwikkeling in die streek wat aandui dat die respondente nie van mening is dat die oprigting van windturbines in die Weskus-streek landskappe die spesiale karakter van hierdie landskappe negatief sal beïnvloed nie. Daar is tans geen aanduiding dat die toerismebedryf negatief deur windplaasontwikkeling beïnvloed sal word nie aangesien beide inwoners en besoekers aangedui het dat hul nie van mening is dat windplase toeriste sal verhinder om sekere areas te besoek nie. Negentig persent van besoekers het aangedui dat hul steeds sal terugkeer na die Weskus-streek ná die ontwikkeling van ‘n aantal windplase. Dit word aanbeveel dat ‘n ná-ontwikkeling impakstudie onderneem word om die houdings jeens windplaasontwikkeling in die Weskus-streek ná oprigting van die turbines te ondersoek.
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Mollatt, David G. R. "Examining the feasibility of introducing environmental surcharges to finance local coastal management initiatives in South Africa : a case study in Plettenberg Bay." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002734.
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The management of coastal resources in South Africa has come under review as a result of the degradation of environmental resources along the coast. The challenge being faced by resource managers is to achieve economic growth while sustaining South Africa’s coastal resource base (Nobel, 2000). The South African government (RSA, 2000) has developed a coastal management strategy to meet this challenge: The strategy involves the inclusion of all stakeholders in the formation of policy regarding the management of coastal resources, in a more integrated approach to coastal management. To effectively achieve this stakeholder inclusion, it has become necessary to decentralize the political, administrative and fiscal authority to conduct coastal management functions. With regard to the need for fiscal decentralisation this thesis considers the possibility of implementing localised environmental surcharges to finance coastal management initiatives. The ability of the White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development (RSA, 2000) to provide theformal institutional structure necessary for the introduction of environmental surcharges is firstconsidered. It is shown that the decentralised management strategy has the potential to create a management style that is transparent and accountability orientated. In addition to this the style is capable of adapting to dynamic local coastal conditions and is therefore an appropriate direction in which to steer coastal management in South Africa. The effectiveness of coastal co-management as an informal institutional arrangement is then examined. Provided that local Coastal Management Fora are created to include all relevant stakeholders and that a source of long term financing is secured co-management has the potential to create the conditions necessary for effective coastal management. With regard to a source of long term financing, local environmental surcharges to finance coastal management initiatives are considered. The public’s willingness to contribute to such a surcharge is analysed in the context of Plettenberg Bay by probing their willingness to pay (WTP) for a Bay Management Plan. A survey instrument is developed to measure the public’s WTP. The design of the instrument is based on the Contingent Valuation (CV) method that is used to analyse the nonmarket benefits that environmental resources (such as Plettenberg Bay) provide the public. It is found that the resident population is willing to pay R15 per month toward a Bay Management Plan whilst domestic and foreign tourists respectively are willing to pay R6 and R22 daily. The aggregation of these WTP estimates yields a total passive use value of between R15 397 900 – R20330 500 annually. This nuclear value of the Bay should be included in the formation of local coastal management policy and provides guidance for the introduction of a local environmental surcharge. A budget for a Bay Management Plan is proposed and a progressive surcharge based on municipal property value is set. To finance the local residents’ share of the budget, a monthly surcharge of R1 would be required of the average valued property. To calculate the domestic and foreign tourist contribution to the budget a schedule of accommodation offering property will be required. However, to finance the entire budget a residential surcharge of approximately R10 would be required of the average valued property. This figure is well below the average resident population WTP of R15, highlighting the fact that an environmental surcharge in Plettenberg Bay is indeed feasible. The difference in reported WTP and the contribution required to finance the Bay Management Plan also highlights that there is scope for experimentation in the introduction of such a surcharge.
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Hull, John Sterling. "Analyzing the potential for tourism to promote sustainable economic development on the Lower North Shore of Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/NQ50188.pdf.
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d'Ieteren, Emmanuel. "L'intégration de l'environnement dans les processus de développement touristique: contributions et limites de l'application de l'évaluation environnementale stratégique au secteur du tourisme en Région wallonne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210391.
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Comme d'autres secteurs d'activité nouant des liens avec les territoires, le tourisme a été marqué par une conscientisation accrue de ses enjeux environnementaux au cours des dernières décennies. Durant les années 90, cette question s'est logiquement inscrite dans le débat plus large de la durabilité du tourisme. Depuis lors, de nombreuses initiatives en faveur d'un tourisme plus durable émergent dans le but de sensibiliser les différents acteurs du secteur à l'importance d'améliorer l'équilibre entre développement économique, protection de l'environnement et valeurs sociales. Ces vingt dernières années ont aussi été une période d'intensification des dispositions législatives de protection de l'environnement, notamment à l'échelle de l'Europe. L'adoption en 1985 d'une directive sur l'évaluation des incidences environnementales des projets a ainsi été l'un des fondements de la politique environnementale de l'Union Européenne. Les approches de gestion de l'environnement évoluant, l'Union européenne a adopté en 2001 une directive portant sur l'Evaluation environnementale stratégique des plans et programmes (EES) et couvrant plusieurs secteurs dont le tourisme. L'EES a pour objectif de favoriser la prise en compte des considérations environnementales dans les processus de planification menés par les organismes publics. A l'échelle mondiale, malgré certaines limites reconnues, l'EES a fait ses preuves dans un grand nombre de contextes institutionnels et de secteurs différents et s'avère très complémentaire vis-à-vis de l'évaluation environnementale des projets.
Complétant un arsenal législatif environnemental déjà conséquent au niveau européen, l'EES suscite des questions quant à sa capacité à améliorer la prise en compte de l'environnement lors de la mise en œuvre des politiques de développement touristique et à contribuer à un tourisme plus durable. Partant de cette question qui s'inscrit dans la problématique générale de la régulation environnementale du tourisme, la présente thèse poursuit comme objectif d'évaluer les contributions et les limites de la mise en œuvre de l'EES dans le secteur du tourisme et dans le contexte particulier de la Région wallonne.
Dans un premier temps, la thèse analyse plusieurs approches de planification et de régulation environnementale opérant dans le cadre du développement touristique en Région wallonne. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les facteurs sociopolitiques et instrumentaux pouvant influencer les résultats attendus de la mise en œuvre de l'EES dans le secteur du tourisme. Dans un second temps, la thèse examine plusieurs exemples d'application de l'EES à des processus de planification touristique afin d'identifier quels sont les facteurs opérationnels déterminant la capacité de l'EES à améliorer la prise en compte de l'environnement dans les décisions.
Ces deux niveaux d'investigation ont permis de mettre en évidence différents éléments intéressants. D’une part, il apparaît que la prise en compte de l'environnement dans les processus de planification touristique tient essentiellement à la mise en œuvre des législations environnementales et peu à l'affirmation d'une culture politique proactive en matière d'intégration de l'environnement. Face à ce constat, la valeur ajoutée de l'EES repose fortement sur son caractère obligatoire. D'autre part, les études de cas montrent que la valeur ajoutée de l'EES par rapport aux processus de planification touristique doit être interprétée en différenciant sa valeur ajoutée "absolue" et sa valeur ajoutée "relative". La valeur ajoutée "absolue" reflète la prégnance de différents facteurs organisationnels, méthodologiques et techniques qui sont sous-jacents à la mise en œuvre de tout processus d'EES. Quant à la valeur ajoutée "relative", elle dépend de la prise en compte effective des résultats des processus d'EES qui est conditionnée par l'équilibre réalisé par les acteurs politiques entre les enjeux économiques, sociaux et environnementaux du développement touristique. A travers le prisme des processus d'EES, la question de la durabilité du tourisme est donc clairement posée.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Nicodemo, Leonardo Piv?tto. "An?lise tecnol?gica sobre os aspectos ambientais de empreendimentos hoteleiros da Praia de Ponta Negra Natal/RN: um modelo de sistema de gest?o ambiental." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14901.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-30The present work aimed the elaboration of an environmental study focused on the hotel sector in order to present an analysis of the environmental aspects of Ponta Negra Beach, in Natal, RN, Brazil and also the aspects of the small and medium hotels existing in this area. By means of this work, it is possible to elaborate a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management which can attend to the exigencies required by NBR ISO 14001: 2004, as well as to present economical viability and possibility to be implemented in a way that hotels may converge to the sustainable environmental development of the tourism in Ponta Negra Beach. The research methodology presents itself divided into three items: execution of the environmental characterization of Ponta Negra Beach, by way of technical visits and interpretation of satellite images and cartograms of the main environmental characteristics of the region; execution of the work already made concerning the development, application and interpretation of the evaluation of the environmental aspects of each hotel, considering the hotels and the period of data collection, these used in evaluation, research instrument and a description of the procedure utilized for the analysis of the collected data and the utilized methodology for the elaboration of a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management. In a general way, it has been concluded that the practices executed by hotels in Ponta Negra Beach are impact-like and harmful to the environment. The simple implementation of analysis procedures and control of the environmental aspects could suggestively contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts promoted by the hotel section at this beach and in the nearby areas. It had been noticed that the study contributed to the sensitization of managers concerning the environmental problems since, in many other times, the detected problem was, in fact, the non-acquaintance about the environmental aspects and impacts from those hotels administrators, because of the lack of surveys and studies about the theme. It had also been noticed the arousing of a possible environmental attitude from some managers
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a elabora??o de um estudo ambiental focado no setor hoteleiro para apresentar uma an?lise dos aspectos ambientais da Praia de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN e dos pequenos e m?dios hot?is para ser elaborado um modelo de Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental simplificado, que atenda ?s exig?ncias da NBR ISO 14001: 2004, bem como apresente viabilidade econ?mica e possibilidade de implementa??o para que os hot?is possam convergir para o desenvolvimento ambiental sustent?vel do turismo em Ponta Negra. A metodologia da pesquisa apresenta-se dividida em tr?s itens: execu??o da caracteriza??o ambiental da praia de Ponta Negra, atrav?s de visitas t?cnicas e interpreta??o de imagens de sat?lite e cartogramas das principais caracter?sticas ambientais da regi?o; execu??o do trabalho realizado concernente ao desenvolvimento, aplica??o e interpreta??o da avalia??o dos aspectos ambientais de cada hotel, com considera??es sobre os hot?is, per?odo de coleta de dados utilizados para avalia??o, instrumento da pesquisa e uma descri??o do procedimento utilizado para an?lise dos dados coletados e a metodologia utilizada para a elabora??o de um Modelo de Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental. Conclui-se que as atividades realizadas por hot?is em Ponta Negra s?o impactantes e lesivas ao meio ambiente. A simples implementa??o de procedimentos de an?lise e controle dos aspectos ambientais poderia contribuir significativamente para a redu??o dos impactos ambientais do setor hoteleiro na praia e regi?es circunvizinhas. Observou-se que o estudo contribuiu para a sensibiliza??o dos administradores em rela??o aos problemas ambientais, visto que por muitas vezes o problema detectado era na realidade o desconhecimento dos aspectos e impactos ambientais por parte dos gestores dos hot?is, por falta de levantamentos e estudos sobre o tema, tendo sido verificado o despertar de uma atitude ambiental por parte de alguns gestores
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Binz, Patrícia. "Gestão da gastronomia sustentável em meios de hospedagem." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/3905.
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O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas sustentáveis e seus determinantes na gastronomia dos meios de hospedagem. Para tal, foram selecionados seis meios de hospedagem na Região das Hortênsias, situados nas cidades de Gramado e Canela, no Rio Grande do Sul. A técnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a aplicação de questionário, no qual foram utilizadas questões relacionadas à gestão da sustentabilidade; à certificação em gestão da sustentabilidade; à gastronomia sustentável; às ações sustentáveis no meio de hospedagem e no setor de alimentos e bebidas; à atratividade dos fatores ligados à gastronomia sustentável; às vantagens na adoção da gastronomia sustentável; e ao desperdício de alimentos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os gestores consideram a redução de custos, a saúde dos hóspedes e o aumento da atratividade do meio de hospedagem como as principais vantagens da adoção de práticas sustentáveis no setor A&B, demonstrando que a gastronomia sustentável pode se manifestar como um benefício econômico para a gestão do meio de hospedagem, assim como para a segurança do turista. Os gestores destacam a preferência por produtores mais próximos do estabelecimento, alimentos da cultura regional e alimentos sazonais, definições que fazem parte também da ecogastronomia. As ações sustentáveis mais indicadas pelos gestores, adotadas pelos meios de hospedagem, são as relacionadas com a sustentabilidade do negócio e gestão de resíduos. Também é necessário considerar que o setor A&B está situado dentro do meio de hospedagem, e que, assim como os outros setores, pode adotar práticas sustentáveis além daquelas indicadas pela norma da certificação em gestão da sustentabilidade aos serviços alimentares. Conclui-se que as orientações para a sustentabilidade, no empreendimento gastronômico, precisam ser promovidas por meio da intersetorialidade, de modo que o setor da gastronomia realize ações sustentáveis de forma mais integrada. Nessa direção, a melhoria contínua na gastronomia sustentável necessita do desenvolvimento de novos saberes, construídos a partir de pesquisas científicas e da interação do conhecimento produzido com técnicas e tecnologias, que reduzam os impactos ambientais; maximizem o desempenho econômico e considerem a cultura e os valores da comunidade local.The objective of the study was to analyze the sustainable practices and their determinants in the gastronomy of accommodation establishments. To this end, six accommodations were selected in the Região das Hortênsias, located in the cities of Gramado and Canela, in Rio Grande do Sul state. The technique used to collect data was the application of a questionnaire, in which were used questions related to sustainability management; certification in sustainability management; sustainable gastronomy; sustainable actions in the accommodation environment and in the food and beverage sector; attractiveness of factors linked to sustainable gastronomy; advantages in the adoption of sustainable gastronomy; and food waste. The results showed that managers consider cost reduction, guest’s health and the increase of attractiveness of the accommodation environment as the main advantages of adopting sustainable practices in the A&B sector, certifying that sustainable gastronomy can manifest itself as an economic benefit for the management of the hosting environment, as well as for the tourist’s safety. The managers emphasize the preference for manufacturers closer to the establishment, regional and seasonal food, definitions that are also part of ecogastronomy. The sustainable actions most indicated by the managers adopted by the accomodations are those related to the sustainability of the business and waste management. Also, it is necessary to consider that the A&B sector is located within the accommodation environment, and like other sectors, can adopt sustainable practices beyond those indicated by the certification standard of sustainability management of food services. It is concluded that the guidelines for sustainability in gastronomic enterprise need to be promoted through intersectoriality, so that the gastronomy sector performs sustainable actions in a more integrated way. In this direction, continuous improvement in sustainable gastronomy requires the development of new knowledge, built on scientific research, and the interaction of knowledge produced with techniques and technologies that reduce environmental impact, maximize economic performance and consider the culture and values of the local community.
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Reid, Elizabeth. "Of leisure, learning and leviathan : enhancing the use of interpretation in Australian whale watching /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr3544.pdf.
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Crabeck, Stéphanie. "Logiques de la massification de l'offre touristique: généalogie des hébergements de grande capacité en Wallonie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209989.
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La massification du tourisme s’est accompagnée d’une augmentation et d’une transformation morphologique importantes de l’immobilier touristique. En Wallonie, ce processus s’est exprimé par un écrémage des formes traditionnelles d’hébergement (l’hôtellerie notamment) et par le développement en dehors des agglomérations d’éléments bâtis de grande capacité aux formes et aux matériaux les plus divers. Parmi ceux-ci figurent les établissements de tourisme social, les campings, les villages de vacances et les parcs résidentiels de week-end. Toutefois, à côté de l’offre officielle subsiste, dans une sorte d’invisibilité, un grand nombre d’infrastructures. S’y sont développées des morphologies hétéroclites et vernaculaires, en totale illégalité vis-à-vis des normes et des réglementations en vigueur en matière d’urbanisme, de confort, voire d’hygiène et de sécurité. Cette situation pour le moins chaotique et mal connue interpelle car elle constitue un obstacle majeur à tout suivi, statistique notamment, et gêne les tentatives d’élaboration de politiques touristiques et territoriales. Consacrée aux hébergements de grande capacité de la Wallonie, cette thèse invite donc à la compréhension d’un phénomène conflictuel et particulièrement confus.
Plusieurs démarches sont ici suivies :la reconstitution de l’écheveau complexe du système de production des hébergements de grande capacité ;puis, l’analyse des ressorts politiques et juridiques qui autorisent le développement désordonné d’une offre essentiellement de nature résidentielle. Enfin, à partir d’une typologie s’affranchissant des catégories classiques d’hébergement, la recherche amène à redéfinir les différents types d’hébergement selon leur mode d’occupation. Une approche d’autant plus nécessaire que la limite entre le touristique et le non-touristique est de plus en plus perméable.
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Wright, Brian Bradley. "A review of lessons learned to inform capacity-building for sustainable nature-based tourism development in the European Union funded ʺSupport to the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programmeʺ." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003628.
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This case-study establishes the influences of power-knowledge relationships on capacity-building for sustainability in the European Union Funded ‘Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programme’ (EU Programme). It aims to capture the lessons learned for capacitybuilding to support nature-based tourism initiatives on the Wild Coast. The EU Programme aimed to achieve economic and social development of previously disadvantaged communities through nature-based tourism enterprises, and to develop capacity of local authorities and communities to support environmental management. The study discusses common trends in thematic categories emerging from the research data, and contextualises research findings in a broader development landscape. This study indicates that power-knowledge relations were reflected in the EU Programme’s development ideology by an exclusionary development approach, which lacked a participatory ethos. This exclusionary approach did not support an enabling environment for capacity-building. This development approach, guiding the programme conceptualization, design and implementation processes, resulted in a programme with unrealistic objectives, time-frames and resource allocations; a programme resisted by provincial and local government. The study provides a causal link between participation, programme relevance, programme ownership, commitment of stakeholders, effective management and capacity-building for sustainable programme implementation. The study argues that the underlying motivation for the exclusionary EU development ideology in the programme is driven by a risk management strategy. This approach allows the EU to hold power in the development process, whereas, an inclusionary participative development methodology would require a more in-depth negotiation with stakeholders, thereby requiring the EU to relinquish existing levels of power and control. This may increase the risk of an unexpected programme design outcome and associated exposure to financial risk. It may also have a significant financial effect on donor countries' consultancies and consultants currently driving the development industry. This study recommends an interactive-participative methodology for programme design and implementation, if an enabling environment for capacity-building is to be created. In addition, all programme stakeholders must share contractual accountability for programme outcomes. This requires a paradigm shift in the EU development ideology to an inclusionary methodology. However, this research suggests that the current EU development approach will not voluntarily change. I, therefore, argue that South Africa needs to develop a legislative framework that will guide donor-funded development programme methodology, to support an enabling environment for capacity-building.
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Myburgh, Kozette. "Community participation and sustainable development in the establishment of the |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53331.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is titled "Community participation and sustainable development in the establishment of the IAi-IAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park". lt encompasses the area and stakeholders on the South African side of the Transfrontier Conservation Park (TFCP), which falls within the Richtersveld municipal area. lt covers the whole process of the development of the IAi-IAis/Richtersveld TFCP, from its Conceptual Phase to the signing of the International Treaty to formally establish the IAi-IAis/Richtersveld TFCP1 . This development is expected to hold numerous benefits for the stakeholders that are involved in its process, especially job creation through increased tourism. lt is an exceptional project, as the main stakeholders are the communities who are the legal landowners of the Richtersveld National Park. The management structure of the IAi-IAis/Richtersveld TFCP allows full participation by the local communities through elected members from the four towns in the surrounding area (Khuboes, Eksteenfontein, Lekkersing and Sanddrift) as well as local pastoralists. The theoretical approach that will be used in this study is that of sustainable development. The key components required for sustainable social, economic, and environmental development will be discussed, and are used as yardsticks against which the actual process of establishment of the TFCP will be 'measured'. Participation is regarded as a main aspect of sustainable development and is highlighted in this study. The methodology that was employed included interviewing and participant observation as well as an in-depth documentary analysis of aspects of the TFCP. The benefits and value of the methods used is discussed, as well as the limitations of the study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die titel van die studie is "Community participation and sustainable development in the establishment of the IAi-IAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park". Dit omvat die area en rolspelers aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kant van die oorgrenspark, wat binne die Richtersveld Munisipale area val. Dit dek die volledige proses van die ontwikkeling van die oorgrenspark, vanaf die Konsepsuele Fase tot en met die ondertekening van die lnternasionale Verdrag om die IAi-IAis/Richtersveld Oorgrenspark formeel tot stand te bring2 . Die verwagting is dat hierdie ontwikkeling veelvoudige voordele sal inhou vir diegene wat in die proses betrokke is, veral deur middel van werkskepping as gevolg van toenemende toerisme. Dit is 'n besondere projek aangesien die hoofrolspelers, die gemeenskappe, die wettige grondeienaars van die Richtersveld Nasionale Park is. Die bestuurstruktuur van die oorgrenspark laat volle deelname deur die gemeenskappe toe deur verkose lede van die vier dorpies in die area (Kuboes, Eksteenfontein, Lekkersing en Sanddrift) asook plaaslike veeboere. Die teoretiese benadering wat in hierdie studie gevolg word is 'volhoubare ontwikkeling'. Die hoofkomponente wat vereis word vir volhoubare sosiale, ekonomiese, en omgewingsontwikkeling word bespreek en word as maatstawwe gebruik waarteen die werklike proses van die totstandkoming van die IAi-IAis/Richtersveld oorgrenspark 'gemeet' word. Deelname word beskou as die hoofkomponent van volhoubare ontwikkeling en word uitgelig in hierdie studie. Die metodologie wat toegepas is, sluit onderhoudvoering, deelnemende waarneming en indiepte dokumentere analise van aspekte van die oorgrenspark in. Die voordele en waarde van hierdie metodes word bespreek, asook die beperkinge van die studie.
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Cardinez, Elsa Marisa, and 柯瑞莎. "Evaluation of Social and Environmental Impacts of Cruise Ship Tourism In Belize." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12305460790479334374.
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碩士國立中央大學
國際永續發展碩士在職專班
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Cruise Tourism is the epitome of the tourism industry presently in Belize, and it was significant growth since 2005. Although the continuing growth of this industry has generated considerably economic benefits, but also breeds the effects of terrestrial and marine environment as well as the impacts on the lives of people in this nation. With the growing concerns of the impact and level of damage from this sector, this study developed an organizational framework that aimed to assess the selected impacts from a list of potential impacts. This research employed multi-criteria decision making method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank the environmental and living impact items from different perspective levels including local residents, the authorized government personnel, and the experts. These impacts and benefits from the cruise ship tourism industry were then quantified to conduct a cost benefit comparison. Belize City is the hub of tourism industry in Belize because it is the present home of the Fort Street Tourism Village (FSTV) where cruise passengers disembark and return to their cruise ship. The perception of the residents, who are living in the vicinity of FSTV were investigated and assessed to determine their level of awareness of the potential risks and damages generated as a results of cruise tourism. Application of AHP analysis, this study has shown that the solid waste impact generated from the cruise ship tourists, regardless of ranking sequence or cost assessment are the most impacting item on environment and the community. Following the solid waste impact is sequentially the wastewater of cruise ship, traffic congestion, air pollution and the damages of infrastructure. The total cost generated from these impacts estimated by this research is up to nearly US$ 55 million per year which was taking the year of 2016 as the base year of currency. The income from the cruise ship tourism industry, including head taxes and ashore expenditure, are about $ 70 million a year. Though earnings appear to be greater than the impact cost, but it is worth to note that this study has not yet to estimate the environmental opportunity costs.
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Reddy, Melissa. "Tourism and climate change risks : opportunities and constraints in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11392.
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M.Sc., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011Global climate change, often referred to as „global warming‟ is possibly one of the most serious environmental challenges facing the world this century (DEAT, 2004; IPCC, 2007). There have been several studies (e.g. Viner and Agnew, 1999; Higham and Hall, 2005; IPCC, 2007; Midgley et al., 2008) on the potential impacts of climate change on the tourism sector and the likely effects are shown to be extremely wide ranging and may have far-reaching consequences for the tourism sector in many regions and areas of the world. From a review of the literature it was evident that there was limited literature on the response to climate change by the tourism industry in terms of mitigation, adaptation and long- term strategic planning to manage future anticipated climate change impacts. Given this background, this research explores the tourism industry with regard to game and nature reserves in South Africa and probes the perceptions of climate change amongst park managers and tourism operators to understand their awareness regarding the projected impacts of climate change. Mitigation and adaptation strategies that were in place or being developed in the management of the game and nature reserves are identified and examined. Challenges that were experienced by the tourism managers/operators in promoting effective mitigation and adaptation strategies in the nature based tourism sector in South Africa are highlighted and discussed and recommendations are provided. Purposeful sampling was employed in the research and the stakeholders were identified according to their important roles in the South African Tourism Industry with regard to game and nature reserve management. These included the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South African National Parks (SANParks), South African National Botanical Institute (SANBI) and the Provincial Park Managers which comprises the Eastern Cape Parks, Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD), Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Limpopo Tourism and Parks Board, Mpumalanga Parks Board, North West Parks and Tourism Board and Cape Nature. The research data was collected using open-ended questionnaires and interviews with the stakeholders. Results of this research showed that there was a basic understanding of climate change and its associated impacts on tourism consistent with what is being established in the scientific literature. Despite this awareness among relevant stakeholders, there was however not much formal long-term strategic planning or mitigation and adaptation plans in place to manage or „manage‟ the suggested projected impacts of climate change on the tourism industry. The research results also highlighted many challenges experienced by the nature- based tourism sector.
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Lottig, Kimberly J. "Modeling resident attitudes on the environmental impacts of tourism : a case study of Oʻahu, Hawaii." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20910.
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Moeng, Motsoka William. "The impact of eco-tourism on land-use patterns: The case of Dinokeng eco-tourism pilot project in Gauteng Province." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24964.
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The objective of this study is to look into the changes in land-use patterns on the mostly private land properties brought about by the envisaged Dinokeng Pilot Project on State-owned land properties since it was introduced in 1995. This is a critical parameter for the success of otherwise of the implementation of the broader project on the mostly private properties earmarked for inclusion in the project surrounding the pilot site. The method employed entailed analyzing progress indicators to gauge whether adequate progress was made between 1995 and 2001 in implementing the project. Indicators used were the finalization of the project process by DACEL, large scale sales and consolidation of affected properties and applications to the Metsweding District Municipality for change of land use by the present landowners. Several procedures were employed to determine whether there was adequate progress or not. The initial programme of Dinokeng Project Concept was studied and envisaged progress was compared with the implementation phase the project was in as at December 2001. The records of the Metsweding District Municipality were studied to find out the types and number of land use change applications by private landowners. The deeds records were also sampled to detect any large scale property sales and consolidations that can be ascribed to the envisaged project. The response of DACEL to criticism by affected landowners was also studied. A literature review of similar projects was undertaken to understand the methods employed to achieve desired results. The study found that there is lack of adequate progress on the finalization of the precise site for the project and agreements with present landowners on the tenure issue and other administrative matters that are a prerequisite for the proclamation of the project. Proclamation is necessary to restrict the land use activities within and around the proposed project site so as to make all affected stakeholders to be committed to the implementation of the project. The failure by the project to achieve the desired results of being in whole or partially up and running within five years of its inception is ascribed to the initial adopted strategy of depending on complementary changes in land use patterns in the privately owned land properties to consolidate the properties into a contiguous ecological area large enough to accommodate the Big Five. This shows that although the political developmental framework has changed, certain old order strategies and procedures are still as effective as ever. It is recommended that the project area be subdivided into phases without any regard to land ownership. The core area should consist of land properties ecologically suitable and forming a large enough area to contain the proposed Big Five. The total project area should be proclaimed with provision being made for a phased implementation approach with definite timetables and concrete deliverables. This will separate the totally unwilling landowners from the others who want to be part of the project on condition that that their minimal interests and requirements are met.Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Rural Development Planning))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted
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Kamwendo, Zanele. "Embracing green practices : perspectives from the tourism accommodation industry in the North Coast of KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9680.
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Tembo, Sydney. "An examination of the residents' perceptions of impacts of nature based tourism on community livelihoods and conservation : case study of Chiawa Game Management Area, Zambia." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7509.
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Nature-based tourism is centered on the idea that local communities living within and around protected areas should derive benefits from nature resources. Likewise nature resources will simultaneously benefit from their interaction because the community will develop an understanding and appreciate the importance of conserving nature through various benefits derived. The research focus was on assessing the perception of residents of Chiawa, Zambia, regarding the benefits derived from nature-based tourism. This is the first study of this nature to be conducted in Chiawa.
The overall aim of the research study was to examine the perceptions of the Chiawa community of the impacts of nature based tourism and its implications on the livelihood of the Chiawa residents and on the conservation of nature, upon which tourism is anchored. The three specific objectives were:-
1. To examine the perceptions of the community on economic impacts of nature based tourism on the livelihood of Chiawa Community.
2. To examine the perceptions of the community of the effects of nature based tourism benefits on support towards conservation of nature in Chiawa and Lower Zambezi National Park.
3. To examine perceptions on nature and extent of constraints limiting household participation in nature-based tourism.
Various research methods were used to address the objectives of this study. These methods included quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Structured questionnaires with multiple choice type answers were administered to households and safari operators to collect data. These techniques were complemented with five focus group meetings conducted in village action groups (VAGs) of Chiawa GMA, and both participant and direct observation techniques were used during household
surveys.
The elements of analysis of the study looked at various factors that influence the perception of households on tourism benefits and conservation efforts by the community. Elements such as tribe, gender, education, length of stay, age and spatial distribution were analyzed. Elements of analysis from tour operators looked at business types, types of benefits filtering to the community through employment and community projects.
It was established during the course of the research that both positive and negative perceptions on the impacts of nature-based tourism on residents of Chiawa GMA exist. However, the few residents who derived benefits from nature based tourism operations were positive and the rest were negative. The perceptions of the respondents on support towards conservation are above average. The study found that the most significant silent factor that may influence negative attitudes or perceptions is high levels of human – wildlife conflicts. This is not surprising considering that farming is the major livelihood strategy for most households. Demographic variables were not found to be useful predictors of perception responses. Several factors were established as limiting to household participation in
nature based tourism, these established factors included, lack of working and start up capital, lack of understanding of nature based tourism business, lack of interest and lack of support from tourism agencies.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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Loibooki, Betrita M. "Tourism, conservation and local livelihoods at Mount Kilimanjaro National Park." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3585.
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"Assessment of the sustainability of Little Kulala Camp and Kulala Wilderness Camp in Namibia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8862.
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M.Sc. (Environmental Management)The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide and its role as a fundamental contributor to the economic sector cannot be understated. However, this growth has led to an increase in negative environmental impacts. The success of tourism rests on the quality of the natural environment where it has been developed. Therefore should the natural environment and its resources be damaged or destroyed, the very resource that attracted tourists is destroyed, and the tourism industry will eventually collapse. The worldwide drive toward sustainable development and the growth in environmental awareness has placed pressure on tourism ventures to measure and mitigate their environmental impacts. This study was initiated to investigate the current sustainable performance of two safari camps owned by Wilderness Safaris. The primary reason for selecting these specific camps, relates to the fact that they are situated on the boarder of one of the most sensitive environments on earth the Namib Desert, and therefore demand effective management in order to ensure environmental degradation is prevented. The study engaged in the development of a list of sustainable tourism issues and their associated indicators, to assess the current sustainability of the two camps. The research also aimed to formulate baseline data for future comparisons. The camp's current sustainability was determined by applying the selected sustainability indicators, to assess the camp's environmental, social and economic impacts on the surrounding biophysical and socio-economic environments. A cross-case analysis was then conducted comparing the results of each camps performance. The results were also compared to the company's group environmental minimum standards. This was done to provide Wilderness Safaris with an external verification of their camps current sustainable performance and to provide baseline data for future comparisons. The chosen set of sustainable tourism indicators provided a time and cost-effective means of assessing the current sustainable performance of the two camps. Site specific recommendations were made for each camp to improve their sustainable performance. Future studies conducted by Wilderness Safaris can use this study as a benchmark to compare the sustainable performance of their camps. In addition this study can also be used as a benchmark for comparisons by other tourism ventures in other developing countries around the world. The study contributes to the academic body of knowledge in the field of study surrounding the application of sustainable tourism indicators to measure and operationalize sustainable development of tourism ventures. Conclusions recounting the sustainable performance of the two camps are made as well as recommendations for further research.
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Morgan, Derek. "Pro-poor tourism intervention within Ezemvelo KZN wildlife : a case study of Amatikulu Nature Reserve, South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3589.
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"The impact of tourism on agriculture in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3957.
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In recent years the use of tourism as a development strategy by third world governments has increased, resulting in the intersection of international tourism and local agricultural strategies. The aim of this thesis is to critically assess the impact of tourism development on local agriculture in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. More specifically, the study appraises the current state of tourism and agriculture in the Okavango Delta, assesses the social, economic and environmental effects of tourism development on the Okavango Delta and its communities, examines local agricultural production and consumption patterns, assesses the patterns of supply and demand of food in the region, and evaluates the impact of tourism on local subsistence agriculture, while making use of both qualitative and quantitative data sources. The Okavango Delta region is faced with several socio-economic problems. These include high unemployment levels, unequal regional development, income inequalities and extreme levels of poverty. 'Rural-urban' migration by local subsistence farmers in search of formal employment opportunities has risen steadily since the early 1990s, resulting in unprecedented social changes to the inhabitants of the Delta, and the abandonment of traditional farming practices. This, together with the limited interaction between the local population and tourism industry, is increasingly leading to tension between local and foreign parties in the region. The large proportion of foreign owned tourist facilities and foreign investment results in major economic leakages, and the exclusion of Motswana from any form of meaningful participation in the tourism industry. The presence of foreign tourists in the Delta enforces the need for imports, increasingly damaging local agricultural production as both production and consumption becomes imported. If tourism is to be of any benefit to the local population in the Okavango Delta, there has to be local involvement and ownership. The fostering of linkages between tourism and other sectors, particularly agriculture, is imperative in attempting to bring about socio-economic growth in this region.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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Hlatshwako, Sithembiso. "Fly fishing and tourism : a sustainable rural community development strategy for Nsikeni ?" 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4958.
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Most rural communities, such as Nsikeni area under the Mabandla Tribal Authority (MTA) in the
Eastern Cape (former Transkei), are located in apartheid-created 'homelands'. These rural areas
have large human populations that depend on natural resources, but, they do not derive full
benefits from natural resource use. This research study examines the socio-economic status and
the Nsikeni community people's perceptions on developing the potential for fly fishing under the
concept of community-based resource management (CBRM) strategies. The research attempts to
assess the Nsikeni community's resource assets in the form of rivers and related infrastructure
together with their human resource and to obtain knowledge and perceptions of available potential
in relation to fly fishing. Attention is drawn to socio-economic needs which could challenge the
sustainability of a community-based project, land use activities and associated impacts for the
Ngwagwane River catchment area, and lastly, based on the Nsikeni community's opinion, a
proposed model for a community-based strategy.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.
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Hoole, Ross Johnathan. "The development of Lilani Hot Springs : an analysis of socio-economic and environmental impacts." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3799.
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Tourism development in remote areas of South Africa is often being proposed as the solution to poor
rural communities' development needs. However, experience indicates that tourism development can
result in a negative impact on a community's culture and way of life. The issue of sustainable
development and what it means sets a base in which the research looked at tourism in rural areas. The
case study on the impact ofthe redevelopment ofLilani Hot Springs as a tourist resort focusses on both
the people and environment. The historical context ofthe hot springs, their discovery, development and
the demise ofthe old resort is investigated. This was undertaken so that lessons learnt from the past can
be taken into consideration with the future development of the resort. This study has included
investigating the viability and sustainability of such a tourist resort in the Umvoti Magisterial District
and in a rural environment. By focussing on the Lilani community, this research project explores the
key factors which have been identified as essential if long-term sustainable tourism is to be achieved
in remote rural communities. An appropriate planning approach which stresses local participation and
decision-making within the context of a holistic strategy for community development is subsequently
proposed. Tourism has the potential ofprotecting the environment while providing social and economic
benefits to the local communities. Clearly ifthe socio-economic needs ofthe local community in which
a tourism development is set are not addressed, it will not succeed but ifthe natural environment, which
is the very asset on which the tourism development is dependent upon, is not protected the resource
which is the source of attracting tourists will be destroyed.Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.
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Harrison, Phillipa Anne. "The role of tourism in natural resource management in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3427.
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In recent years the use of tourism as a development strategy by Third World governments has increased, resulting in the intersection of international tourism and local resource utilisation patterns. The aim of this thesis is to critically assess the impact of tourism in the utilisation and management of natural resources in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. More specifically, the study appraises the current state of tourism and natural resource utilisation and management in the Okavango Delta; assesses the past and present forms of resource utilisation practised by the local inhabitants scattered throughout the Delta area; focuses on the implementation of government policy regarding resource use; highlights past and present relationships between tourism and resource utilisation; and examines the impact of tourism on the areas resources, environment and local inhabitants. Research has shown that the Okavango Delta, which is Botswana's primary tourism area, is faced with a number of social, economic and environmental challenges. These include extreme levels of poverty, especially in the rural areas; lack of infrastructure; competition over land and resources; growing regional inequality; social degradation; increased imports leading to foreign exchange leakages; changes in subsistence strategies and increased 'rural-urban' .migration; and the loss of control of the region by the local population to the global tourism system. The Okavango Delta is in the process of undergoing a change from traditional, rural, subsistence economies and livelihoods to capitalist, commercial-driven economic structures. In the Okavango Delta, as in many places around the world, people are in the process of being integrated into national level political, social and economic institutions, both within and outside of their control. The creation of employment for the local population, the sustainable use of the Delta and its resources, the development of the local agricultural industry, the continued growth of the tourism industry, and striking a balance between the conservation/preservation of the Okavango and meeting the water requirement needs of Angola, Namibia, and Botswana's growing populations are amongst the key concerns present in the area. 11 Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities. amongst the key concerns present in the area. Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006
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Mearns, Kevin Frank. "Temporal and spatial variations of tourists in the Kruger National Park." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6050.
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M.Sc.OBJECTIVES Tourism in the Kruger National Park is closely linked to nature conservation. Tourism being the revenue earner and conservation the resource provider; this results in a mutually beneficial symbiosis. This finely tuned interdependence between tourism and conservation should be properly managed to ensure that tourism does not become a self-destructive process, destroying the very resources on which it is based. Mounting pressure from central government is forcing the National Parks Board to become financially independent of State grants. Tourism provides the most viable solution towards achieving financial independence. All the national parks in South Africa will therefore have to make a concerted effort to accommodate and attract more tourists. The Kruger National Park, being the largest national park (1 948 528 hectares), will have to make a major contribution towards financial independence. In order to achieve this goal, tourism in this Park will have to be planned and managed more effectively. It is within this context that this study was initiated. In order to facilitate future tourism planning and management, the study will investigate the number of tourists visiting the Kruger National Park as well as the occupation of accommodation by tourists. These results will in turn be used to investigate the tourist carrying capacity of the Park and to make suggestions regarding the Park's tourism management policies. RESEARCH METHOD As a result of the primarily descriptive nature of the investigation relating to the number of tourists visiting the Park as well as the occupation of accommodation by tourists, the research will include diagrammatic and cartographic representations of the data. In order to explain the temporal and spatial variations of the tourists in the Kruger National Park, a correlation and regression analysis was used in conjunction with non-tourist variables (which include both socio-economic and physical variables). The results obtained in the above investigation were used to study the physical and perceptual tourist carrying capacity. Physical tourist carrying capacity was researched by indicating the percentage occupation of available accommodation and available day visitor quota. As a result of the its subjective nature, the balance between the costs and benefits associated with gaining a holiday experience was used in conjunction with the number of visitors to the Park in order to determine the perceptual tourist carrying capacity. RESULTS The number of visitors to the Park as well as the occupation of accommodation by tourists both indicated that large temporal and spatial variations exist. The temporal variations in tourist data were best explained by school holidays. An obvious relationship exists between school holidays and the number of visitors to the Park. The spatial variation was best explained by distance from the PWV and rainfall. The distance from the PWV (now Gauteng Province) indicates the strong influence of this region as a source area for tourists to the Park. Rainfall in the Park influences the type of vegetation, which in turn influences the distribution and population densities of animals which are sought after by tourists. With regard to the tourist carrying capacity, the results showed that the physical tourist carrying capacity is utilised below the optimum levels. More tourists can therefore be accommodated, particularly during non-school holiday periods. With reference to the perceptual tourist carrying capacity, it was found that it has been reached. The most important reason for this is the higher tariffs that are being charged.
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Manavhela, Pfarelo. "An assessment of the potential for sustainable community tourism development in the villages affected by the Nandoni Dam." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/143.
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Mohale, Daniel Matome. "An overview of the cultural tourism sector of Greater Polokwane: challenges and prospects." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26946.
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Cultural tourism is a fast-growing sector in many countries. In South Africa, it is a key growth segment of local economic development (LED). South Africa is home to many cultural institutions such as museums, art galleries, theatres, monuments and festivals that – thanks to a growing number of international and local interests – encourage entrepreneurship and help generate local business growth and employment opportunities. South Africa’s Limpopo Province is predominately known for its wildlife and hunting tourism. However, it is endowed with many cultural institutions that are contributing significantly to the regional economy – specifically in the metropole of Greater Polokwane. As yet, no study has researched the size and impact of this cultural contribution on the local economy vis a vis more well-known tourism activities. This study sketches the size and nature of the cultural tourism industry in Greater Polokwane. In the first phase of the study, a database of formal cultural institutions in Greater Polokwane was created. In the study’s second phase, interviews with staff members of these institutions using both quantitative and qualitative methods, were conducted. The data revealed that most employees, including senior managerial staff, are local Black Africans. None of these cultural institutions are state funded; they all operate privately, but some are located on state-owned land. Thus, government support for cultural tourism in this region is minimal. Insufficient funds and resources inhibit the growth of this sector. Some employees expressed dissatisfaction with their working conditions and remuneration. Nonetheless, these cultural institutions generate local economic growth and employment opportunities.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management
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Sibandze, Wandile. "Mvembili Interpretive and Research Centre." Thesis, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000285.
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Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture (Professional))--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.The thesis emcompasses the design of an interpretive and research centre in the Mvembili area, Swaziland. The centre will have a multifaceted function as it will include the following: a landmark gateway, museum and tourist centre, and a limited research facility for the water and flora of the immediate region. The thesis seeks to give the structure a symbolic and poetic quality which will interpret the cultural and natural aspects of the environment and people and subsequently provide meaning to visitors. It will also acknowledge the beauty of the natural surroundings through the building's form and use of material and technology.
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Letsoalo, Josephine Mampheri. "A sustainable livelihood framework for community-based tourism: a case of the African Ivory Route in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26403.
Full textAbstract:
Inadequate attention has been paid to the complexity of rural livelihoods and the
dimensions of poverty. Although progress has been achieved in poverty reduction in
many countries over the years, statistics indicate that there is still much to be done.
Nearly half of the population of South Africa is poor. Sustainable Livelihood
Approaches see poverty reduction as achievable through diversification of livelihood
strategies. Communities can benefit from the development of tourism through
employment, financial gains, infrastructure creation and cultural revitalisation. While
fees charged for tourism activities have the potential to contribute to locals, they are
rarely controlled by them. The aim of this study was to formulate a Sustainable
Livelihood Framework for Tourism (SLFT) along the African Ivory Route. The study
involved fourteen villages near Fundudzi, Mtomeni and Nthubu camps which were
purposively selected as they represented the three main ethnic groups in the province.
Mixed method research design was used and included qualitative and quantitative
approaches. A 10% sample was selected from the total number of households.
Questionnaires, focus group and key informant interviews were used to collect data.
The data was analysed and presented in tables, graphs and maps. The perceptions
of the communities towards the African Ivory Route were both positive and negative.
The benefits included, improved network, community empowerment and development
of infrastructure. The constraints included, conflicts, mistrust, political interference and
power struggle among the various institutions. The study concluded that the African
Ivory Route has not achieved sustainable livelihoods outcomes for the concerned
communities. The recommendation was that frameworks for maximising benefits from
tourism were necessary to directly support community development. Communities, Institutions, Tourists and Environment (CITE) framework was conceptualised to
assess the best way for attaining positive sustainable livelihoods outcomes.Geography
Ph. D. (Geography)
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"Community-based natural resource management, livelihood diversification & poverty alleviation : a case study of NG 22/23 and associated communities, Okavango Delta, northern Botswana." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3453.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a case study from Ngamiland, northern Botswana where community~
based natural resource management (CBNRM), through a joint venture agreement (NA)
between a Community~based Organisation (CBO) and the private sector for nonconsumptive
tourism has been implemented with the objective of contributing to localised
poverty alleviation and livelihood diversification through employment and CBO fee
revenue. The economic contribution of these benefits is considered with respect to
commonly accepted norms and standards within the development ideology of sustainable
development and its global measurements; therefore, a brief background of the concepts
of poverty, livelihood and ecotourism is presented to provide context for the evaluation of
CBNRM as a preferred land~use in Botswana. An evaluation of the significance of wage
employment revenue and consequent remittances in the specific case study is intended to
contribute to existing studies which have primarily emphasised the contribution of CBO
fee revenue only to households. It is concluded that wage employment revenue makes a
significant contribution at a household level to localised poverty alleviation and
livelihood diversification compared to the insignificant contribution ofCBO fee revenue.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Foley, Jonathan. "Enhancing the ecotourist experience at Shongweni Reserve through the use of appropriate interpretive strategies." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/679.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Masters of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality, Durban University of Technology, 2011.The current biodiversity and extinction crisis has ignited global concern for human and planetary well-being, culminating in the declaration by the United Nations of 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity. Concomitant with these developments has been the steady ascent of the ecotourism industry, a subset of the travel and tourism industry that holds some promise for the conservation and enhancement of natural areas. A third strand that may be added that weaves them all together for mutual benefit, is the use of interpretation as a communication strategy that enhances the travel experience for the visitor, stimulating interest and enriching their knowledge of local natural resources. This study examines the role of interpretation within one of the largest protected areas in the Durban area, Shongweni Reserve. Rich in faunal and floral diversity, the reserve hosts a range of active and passive recreational pursuits for local and international visitors. This study examines the range of natural, historic and cultural resources within the Shongweni Reserve and then develops appropriate themes for interpretive print material to effectively provoke and stimulate visitor interest in local biodiversity. Print samples were attractively designed to showcase interesting facets of plant and animal wildlife in the reserve. The samples integrated aspects of floral and faunal conservation status together with Zulu cultural use in the narrative and text. Findings from the survey revealed that most visitors were interested in learning more about local biodiversity and found the interpretation material to have a high degree of personal relevance. This has significance in terms of encouraging reserve management to communicate effectively with their visitors using interpretive media as a vehicle and stimulus for biodiversity conservation.
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Southon, Mercia Patricia. "Exploring the perceived flooding impacts on tourist accommodation establishments in the Limpopo province, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25038.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Science.
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES). Johannesburg, October 2017.Climate and weather-related impacts have become widespread particularly affecting the tourism industry. Changes in the climate and weather lead to changes in tourist seasons, products and travel opportunities. Flooding has gained research attention over the past decade, since the destruction creates many challenges for tourism businesses. Floods are a growing global problem, increasing in terms of frequency of occurrence, property damages, business economic losses, and fatalities. South Africa has begun to experience many annual flood events both coastal and in-land, but the Limpopo Province has been declared as flood disaster area, since the increase in temperatures and precipitation. Interest now lies on how particular tourist destinations in the Limpopo Province can adapt to reduce flooding risks whilst increasing opportunities mainly for the economy. Debates around flooding costs, recovery processes, and adaptive capacities affirm to be more challenging for the tourism accommodation sector. The study aimed to explore the perceived flooding impacts on different types of tourist accommodation. Thus, to determine if floods hindered any tourist bookings, offerings, and tourist length of stay. The exploration verified the possible flood risks to vulnerable accommodation and no adequate adaptation plans. A purposeful sample of 145 tourist accommodation businesses located across three flood-prone regions of the Limpopo Province were selected to answer a semi-structured questionnaire to put across their flooding experiences from a management perspective. The semi-structured questionnaire was combined with telephone interviews and email responses. Coherent theme development within the theoretical framework was achieved through content analysis. Content analysis allowed for the critical discussion of deductive and inductive themes found in the results. Floods during peak-seasons threaten and affect tourist accommodation, leaving them behind in business. Those not affected benefit with increased tourist demand and new opportunities in the hospitality industry. Tourist accommodation businesses are exposed to flood risks and experience challenges to assess, recover and adapt from the direct and indirect impacts. Alongside the destruction of tourism in these regions, were concerns of the provision of flood mapping and flood management plans for tourism businesses. Wider flooding impacts on the environment and the surrounding local communities demonstrates a growing problem for the future. Key words: floods; tourist accommodation; flooding impacts; risks; opportunities; tourist demand; adaptation; flood recovery, flood mapping, flood management plans.
LG2018