Journal articles: 'Tourism in Kenya'

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Ntarangwi, Mwenda. "Education, Tourism, or Just a Visit to the Wild?" African Issues 28, no. 1-2 (2000): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006867.

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This paper is both a personal and an academic reflection on my work as a U.S.-trained Kenyan anthropologist directing a study-abroad program for American undergraduate students in Kenya. It is an attempt to address three main issues: First is to understand why students choose to come to Kenya and what they hope to achieve by studying here. Second is to get a sense of what kind of prior images and information these students have of Kenya and Africa and how this influences their interaction with Kenya. Third is to understand how I as a Kenyan anthropologist trained in America balance the tasks of cultural broker and teacher of students in Kenya as is demanded of my position as director of a study-abroad program.

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Owuor, George, Beatrice Knerr, Justus Ochieng, Tom Wambua, and Chris Magero. "Community tourism and its role among agropastoralists in Laikipia County, Kenya." Tourism Economics 23, no. 1 (2016): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0508.

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The authors present survey findings from agropastoral households living near tourist attraction sites and undertake agropastoral activities, conservation, and community tourism enterprises in Laikipia, Kenya. Laikipia is a major wildlife migration route, popular with private conservancies and ranches, attracting large numbers of tourists. The authors explore the key determinants of participation in community tourism and find that communication and road infrastructure, membership of community groups, and security aspects influence household participation in community tourism. Policies aiming to improve infrastructure and security and to encourage the formation of investment groups would enhance participation in community tourism activities and raise household incomes.

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Buigut, Steven. "Effect of terrorism on demand for tourism in Kenya: A comparative analysis." Tourism and Hospitality Research 18, no. 1 (2015): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415619670.

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This paper uses dynamic panel model to compare the effect of terrorism on developed and emerging country demand for tourism in Kenya. Quarterly data spanning 2010Q1 to 2013Q4, sourced from the Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics, for 27 developed and 34 emerging countries is used. Intensity of terror attack measured by fatalities significantly reduces tourist arrivals from developed countries but not from emerging countries. A 1% increase in fatality reduces arrivals from developed countries by 0.082%. This translates to 2487 visitors per year, or roughly 155.8 million Kenya shillings lost annually from an increase of one fatality per quarter.

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Yano, Justin, and Joshua Matanda. "TOURISM-LED GROWTH HYPOTHESIS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA." International Journal of Economics 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.1367.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze tourism-led growth hypothesis in Kenya’s economy.  Materials and Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted. This study targeted international tourism receipts, employment, economies of scale and capital investments in tourism related economic activities that included hotels and food service activities, wholesale and retail trade, transport and information communication and travel agencies, entertainment and recreation in the period 1980 to 2019.The study used purposive sampling. a sample size of data for 40 years from 1980 to 2019 was used. The data were collected from KNBS, the World Bank and WTTC using a secondary data collection sheet. Using real GDP per capita as the dependent variable and international tourism receipts, tourism related employment, economies of scale and capital investments as the independent variables, the study used regression and vector error correction (VEC) to carry out the analysis. The analysis was systematic and begins with diagnostic tests that included Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test for homoscedasticity, Jarque-Bera normality test, VIF multi-collinearity test, Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test and Johansen Co-integration test and finally the regression and the vector error correction analysis. Data analysis was done using E-views software. Results: The study results showed that international tourism receipts, tourism related employment and economies of scale positively influence real GDP per capita in both short run and long run equilibrium. Capital investments negatively affected real GDP per capita in the long run but had a positive effect in the short run equilibrium. Granger causality test presented a bi-directional causality between international tourism receipts, tourism related employment, economies of scale and capital investments and real GDP per capita. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The country should enact policies that promote tourism related activities because the benefits derived from tourist expenditures positively influence the growth of the economy. Institutions such as Brand Kenya, Tourism Promotion Council, the Ministry of Tourism and recruitment of international tourism ambassadors should be strengthened to ensure more foreign tourists are attracted into the country.

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KIFWORO, CATHERINE MUYAMA, Moses Makonjio Okello, and Isabel Cheloti-Mapellu. "THE INFLUENCE OF TRAVEL PREFERENCES ON DOMESTIC TOURISM PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOUR IN KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 7, no. 1 (2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.715.

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Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of travel preferences on domestic tourism participation behaviour of domestic tourists by comparing the preferences of both domestic tourists and non-tourists in Nairobi county, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population was residents of Nairobi County aged above 18 years. Close-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from 337 domestic tourists in five tourist sites and 339 non-tourists in eight shopping malls within Nairobi. Descriptive analysis, the independent t-test and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the resultant data. Main Findings: The results from the independent t-test showed significant differences between domestic tourists and domestic non-tourists with the tourists displayed stronger preferences than the non-tourists (t =-3.04, df =674, p=0.002). The regression analysis revealed that preferences significantly predicted participation behaviour for both domestic tourists (β=0.287, p<0.001) and domestic non-tourists (β= -0.316, p<0.001). Applications of this study: The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the influence of tourism preferences on domestic tourism participation from the viewpoint of both tourists and non-tourists. This is key to supporting both product developers and destination marketers to avail of the right products and formulate the right marketing messages. It also serves to extend the debate on domestic tourism non-participation. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study contributes to existing knowledge by clearly bringing out the gap in the current domestic product offering and marketing messages through a comparison of the preferences of domestic tourists and non-tourists. This knowledge is required to maintain the existing domestic market (current tourists) and also to tap into the lucrative potential market that is made up of the current non-tourists.

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Maingi, Shem Wambugu. "Safari tourism and its role in sustainable poverty eradication in East Africa: the case of Kenya." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 13, no. 1 (2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-08-2020-0084.

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Purpose Globally, poverty has been a persistent problem despite decades of unprecedented growth. The purpose of this paper is to deliberate on a sustainable livelihoods and poverty eradication approach in an African context. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims to bridge the gaps in poverty eradication strategies in East Africa by examining recent literature on livelihoods approaches and poverty eradication approaches. Findings Safari tourism is one way of connecting poor communities in Kenya to the tourism industry. The development of community conservancies in Kenya presents yet more opportunities for communities to be integrated with the sector. The Africanization of the tourism sector in Kenya is a priority, as communities embrace tourism and poverty eradication measures. Practical implications There is a need for the Safari tourism sector to integrate the local community’s indigenous knowledge systems, community social capital and the community’s natural capital with tourism product development and diversification. Originality/value The paper draws on applied research and technical analysis of the unique opportunities for enhancing sustainable poverty eradication through the tourism sector in East Africa and, more particularly, a Kenyan context.

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Ondimu, Kennedy I. "Cultural tourism in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 1036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(02)00024-5.

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Madamombe, Itai. "Kenya promotes ‘responsible tourism’." Africa Renewal 20, no. 3 (2006): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/259c8209-en.

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Sindiga, Isaac. "Domestic tourism in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00040-2.

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Sindiga, Isaac. "Tourism Education in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 23, no. 3 (1996): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00094-1.

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Justus, Muchiri Murithi, Damiannah M. Kieti, and Rita W. Nthiga. "THE AVAILABILITY OF INTERPRETATION MEDIA AND TOURISTS’ SATISFACTION WITH MOVIE INDUCED TOURISM IN KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 2 (2018): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.522.

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Purpose: This paper is anchored on the findings of a study that sought to assess the availability of interpretation media in movie induced tourism and its effect on tourists’ satisfaction in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted explanatory and descriptive research designs. The study targeted 1,318 tourists from Karen Blixen Museum where the movie “Out of Africa” was filmed and Samburu County where the movie “The White Maasai” was filmed. In addition, a total of 658 bloggers airing their views on the filming locations were targeted. Simple random sampling and convenience sampling techniques were used to sample 345tourists and 221 bloggers, respectively. Structured closed-ended questionnaires were employed in collecting data. Main Findings: Findings from regression model showed that interpretation services had a positive and significant effect on tourists satisfaction (β = 0.647, p< 0.000).Based on the study findings and subsequent discussions, this paper concludes that the availability of interpretation media is effective in enhancing tourists’ understanding and appreciation of the destination being visited. Specifically, availability of guards in Karen Blixen Museum and Samburu and other interpretation media enhanced tourist experience and a majority were satisfied.  Implications: The findings can be used to improve practice by encouraging tour guides to have a clear knowledge of a destination to be able to guide tourist and facilitate the offering of quality products. It is therefore important to have interpretation services since they contribute to tourist satisfaction. Novelty: The study contributes to the creation of additional knowledge to the field of movie-induced tourism thus enhancing the understanding of the nature and characteristics of movie-induced tourism.

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Smart, Devin. "“Safariland”: Tourism, Development and the Marketing of Kenya in the Post-Colonial World." African Studies Review 61, no. 2 (2018): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.133.

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Abstract:This article explores the role of tourism in the development plans of Kenya during the 1960s and 1970s, examining what this reveals about the new opportunities and constrictions that officials encountered as they tried to globally reconfigure the place of their new decolonizing nation in the post-colonial world. These themes are explored by examining the political economy of development and tourism, the marketing infrastructures that Kenyan officials created to shape how Western consumers thought about “Kenya,” and how these factors influenced the kinds of discourses that were promoted globally about this newly-independent African country.

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Dieke, Peter U. C. "Tourism development policies in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 19, no. 3 (1992): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90137-e.

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Middleton, John. "Aspects of tourism in Kenya." Anthropology Southern Africa 27, no. 3-4 (2004): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2004.11499901.

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Kimeto, Janet C. "Tertiary tourism graduate employees and tourism employers’ perceptions on tourism skills and competencies relevant for providing quality tourism services in Kenya." Tourism Critiques: Practice and Theory 2, no. 1 (2021): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/trc-07-2020-0013.

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Datta, Chandan. "Future Prospective of Tea-Tourism along with Existing Forest-Tourism in Duars, West Bengal, India." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1434.

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Duars has wider potential in the development of tea tourism as a separate industry. Government of West Bengal has focused on Tea Tourism in making it popular among tourist. Duars is land of natural beauty of mountain, dense green forest, waterfall, river, cave which act as a pull factor for tourist attraction. The tea garden adds new dimensions to the beauty of Duars. Tea tourism has been flourished with countries like China, Srilanka and Kenya. It is now spreading in India. Tea tourism which integrates the natural environment of tea garden, tea leaves plucking, tea production, tea packaging and tea labour-culture. It is a new type of tourism which covers different types of tourist entertainment such as sightseeing viewing, roaming in tea garden, having tea in tea stall from different tea factory, watching evening tea-labour cultural performance etc.

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Kabeu, Thomas Kinuthia. "Influence of Promotional Marketing Practices on Performance of Domestic Tourism in Kenya: A Case of County Government of Nakuru." Journal of Management Info 6, no. 2 (2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v6i2.920.

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Abstract International tourism in Kenya has become increasingly vulnerable to international shocks, giving rise to interest in domestic tourism as an attempt to sustain the tourism market. The County Government of Nakuru has accordingly put in place various measures to market the sector domestically. This study aimed to assess the effect of these measures on performance of domestic tourism of the County Government of Nakuru, Kenya. The basic communication theory as developed by Schramm was used to guide the study. The study employed the proportionate stratified sampling design with three strata namely tourist hotels, tourist attractions and the Ministry of Trade, Industrialisation, Tourism and Wildlife Management at the County Government of Nakuru. Simple random sampling by raffle was further used inside each stratum in order to give each subject an equal chance of being selected. Data was collected through structured questionnaires comprising of closed-ended questions. Data was analysed using SPSS and Excel spreadsheets. Findings indicated a strong relationship of all the independent variables to the dependent variable This led to the conclusion that promotional marketing activities do influence performance of domestic tourism. Consequently, it was recommended that adequate resources should be allocated for promotional activities, especially financial resources and human resources. For better effectiveness, it was recommended that the promotional activities should be integrated rather than applied separately, and that all stakeholders should be engaged.

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Valle, Elisabeth, and Mark Nelson Yobesia. "Economic Contribution of Tourism in Kenya." Tourism Analysis 14, no. 3 (2009): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354209789704986.

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Dieke, Peter U. C. "Policies for tourism development in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 18, no. 2 (1991): 269–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90009-z.

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Akama, John S. "The Evolution of Tourism in Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 7, no. 1 (1999): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669589908667324.

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Lamers, Machiel, René van der Duim, Jakomijn van Wijk, Rita Nthiga, and Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers. "Governing conservation tourism partnerships in Kenya." Annals of Tourism Research 48 (September 2014): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.07.004.

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Osiako, Peter Onyonje, and Viktória Szente. "Research Trends and Perspectives on Domestic Tourism in Kenya: A Review." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (2021): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-101.

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The quantity and quality of research output available on the subject of domestic tourism in Kenya is yet to be sufficiently documented. This review evaluates trends in the studies carried out on this subject and establishes perspectives revealed in these studies' findings. Methodologically, this is a conceptual review of integrative nature in which the reviewer summarized the findings of other studies conducted on domestic tourism in different parts of Kenya. Both published and unpublished works addressing domestic tourism in Kenya, and authored in the English language from January 1990 to August 2020 have been considered in the review. The reviewer used keywords to search relevant databases, arriving at thirty two pieces of work that were reviewed. The analysis focuses on themes covered by previous studies, methodologies used, and perspectives revealed in key findings. The review established a gap in existing literature in terms of quantity, quality, and scope, as discussed in the document. Recommendations are highlighted on ways to improve future research on domestic tourism in Kenya. This review will inform future approaches to research on domestic tourism in Kenya, for better policies and practice.

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Kibara, Obadiah N., Nicholas M. Odhiambo, and Josephine M. Njuguna. "Tourism And Economic Growth In Kenya: An Empirical Investigation." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 5 (2012): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i5.6970.

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In this study, we examine the dynamic relationship between tourism sector development and economic growth using annual time-series data from Kenya. The study attempts to answer one critical question - Is tourism development in Kenya pro-growth? The study uses an ARDL-bounds testing approach to examine these linkages and also incorporates trade as an intermittent variable between tourism development and economic growth in a multivariate setting. The results of our study show that there is a uni-directional causality from tourism development to economic growth. The results are found to hold irrespective of whether the causality is estimated in the short run and long run. Other results show that international tourism Granger-causes trade, while trade Granger-causes economic growth in Kenya in both the short and the long run.

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Muriuki, Lemmy Mureti, David Bururia, and James Mutegi. "Determinants of religious tourism branding tactics in Kenya: A cross sectional study." Tourism and Hospitality Research 18, no. 4 (2016): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416670937.

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Shrines’ market appeal and authenticity drive religious tourism branding initiatives. Ideal packaging strategies further determine product performance in religious destinations. This article examined the potential contribution of market appeal and authenticity to religious tourism branding in the Kenyan Coast, Western, and Eastern regions. Multistage Cluster Sampling was used to sample 700 respondents. Surveys were conducted using structured interviews between February 2012 and April 2013. Questionnaires targeted communities, tourists, and tourism developers. Questionnaires examined the types of shrines, utilization rate, perceived importance, and current development levels. It further assessed applicable religious tourism branding strategies within regions. Data analysis involved factor analysis, ANOVA, and t-tests. Results indicated that Kenyan shrines serve natural, physical, and cultural purposes, which determine their market appeal. New brands, line-extensions, and brand extensions emerged significant product branding strategies ( p < 0.05). Thus, it implied perceived loss of product authenticity.

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Masinde, Brian K., Steven Buigut, and Joseph K. Mung'atu. "Modelling the Temporal Effect of Terrorism on Tourism in Kenya." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 12 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n12p10.

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<p>Terrorist attacks have escalated over the recent years in Kenya, with adverse effects on the tourism industry. This study aims to establish if a long-run equilibrium exists between terrorism and tourism in Kenya between the years 1994 and 2014. To reinforce the robustness of the results, both Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques are used to investigate the problem. A Granger causality test is also carried out to ascertain the direction of the relationship if one exists. The evidence from ARDL and the VECM testing procedure suggest that there is no long-run equilibrium between terrorism and tourism in Kenya. Terrorism does not Granger cause tourism and vice versa. However, short-run effect indicates that terrorism negatively and significantly affects tourism.</p>

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Berman, Nina. "Environmental Education Catalyzed by Tourism: Ecoliteracy Initiatives on the Coast of Kenya." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158501.

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The Diani-Ukunda area on the Kenyan coast is one of the main tourism centers of the country. Over time, individuals who originally visited the area as tourists have started sustainability initiatives that are in part funded through donor networks from abroad (drawing on individuals who visited the country initially as tourists). This essay explores select German initiatives in the educational sector that have emerged in the context of the area’s tourism industry. Diani Maendeleo Academy (a secondary school for girls) and the six primary and secondary schools known as Mekaela Academies collectively serve a significant portion of the population of the larger Diani-Ukunda area, including the hinterland extending widely into Kwale County. The study was designed to assess the schools’ approach toward sustainability and ecoliteracy, and centered on the following questions: 1. What kinds of sustainable practices are promoted in the select schools? 2. In what ways do students who attend these schools display environmental literacy? 3. Do these initiatives address UN SDGs, known as Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)? The study follows an interdisciplinary mixed method approach and is based on interviews, survey instruments, research on ecoliteracy and educational policy, and fieldwork data from previous stays. Findings reveal a lesser-known dimension of tourism: namely, the successful pursuit of ESD in schools thriving in the context of tourism through an integrated approach towards teaching ecoliteracy.

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Hope, Sr., Kempe Ronald. "Sex Tourism in Kenya: an Analytical Review." Tourism Analysis 18, no. 5 (2013): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354213x13782245307759.

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IRANDU, EVARISTUS M. "The Potential for Cruise Tourism in Kenya." Anatolia 15, no. 1 (2004): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2004.9687145.

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Sindiga, Isaac. "Alternative Tourism and Sustainable Development in Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 7, no. 2 (1999): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669589908667330.

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Atieno, Lucy, and Joseph M. Njoroge. "The ecotourism metaphor and environmental sustainability in Kenya." Tourism and Hospitality Research 18, no. 1 (2015): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415619671.

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While to some extent there is disharmony in defining the term ecotourism, most tourism research agrees that the eco prefix is a definite pointer to environmental or natural resource management as a core value to the concept. However, the inherent gap between theoretical conceptualization of ecotourism as “green practice expected to address adverse outcomes of conventional tourism” and actual environmental impacts of this form of tourism raises the question of whether or not ecotourism in practice complies more closely with its defining criteria. In this regard, this article explores the term ecotourism as a metaphor for pro environmental behavior, uncovering its derivatives as constructed by tourism players in Kenya. The study covered five focal areas for ecotourism identified by the Ecotourism Society of Kenya, analyzing excerpts from hypertexts that operate at the supply side of tourism to read motivations for references to the term. The readings were then compared to The International Ecotourism Society definition of ecotourism which was taken as a neutral position. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability was an insignificant concern, as compared to product promotion and corporate image in informing the concept of ecotourism in focal areas. Consequently, the “eco prefix” metaphor in tourism is informed by economic and social logics, serving stakeholders other interests. The authors recommend a revisit to the practical basis of the concept for actors in ecotourism focal areas, with keen considerations to linguistic adequacies of the term's use.

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Ariya, George, Noah Sitati, and Bob Wishitemi. "Tourists’ perceived value of wildlife tourism product at Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya." European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 8, no. 2 (2017): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2017-0014.

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Abstract Although literature has documented many destination attributes that determine attractiveness of tourism destination, the magnitude and strength of each attribute has not been explored, especially in relation to a single wildlife tourism product. This study provides an insight into the level of tourists’ perceived value on wildlife resource attributes at Lake Nakuru National Park in Kenya, with a further comparison between the international and domestic tourists. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and collected primary data using self-administered structured questionnaires. A total of 402 respondents duly completed the questionnaires, which were disseminated through simple random sampling. Data was analysed descriptively and through independent sample T-test. The results showed that unique wildlife attractions were most valued by tourists (M = 2.26, SD = 0.99), followed by the variety of attractions (M = 2.53, SD = 1.08) and their abundance (M = 2.59, SD = 1.19) respectively. Majority of international tourists highly valued the attributes [M = 2.30, SD = 0.88; t(400) = 4.18, p < 0.001] as compared to the domestic tourists (M = 2.67, SD = 0.88), but with a small magnitude (η = 0.04). The study provides an insight that tourists value the park because of its uniqueness due to a variety of wildlife attractions. As park ecological challenges persist, park managers may re-brand the park by creating more emphasis on other key wildlife products like rhinos in order to maintain visitor value and satisfaction in the future.

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ABUBAKAR, BINTA, and TEKLE SHANKA. "RESEARCH NOTE: TOURISM IN KENYA: A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION." Tourism Analysis 10, no. 4 (2006): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354206776162778.

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Eastman, Carol M. "Tourism in Kenya and the marginalization of Swahili." Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 1 (1995): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00069-5.

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Akama, John S. "Tourism development in Kenya: problems and policy alternatives." Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research 3, no. 2 (1997): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1603(199706)3:2<95::aid-pth58>3.0.co;2-p.

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Odunga, Pius Ongoro, and Shem Wambugu Maingi. "The Wildlife Tourism Market to Kenya (2002–2003)." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 28, no. 1 (2011): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.535444.

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Olale, Philip, Collins Odote, and Robert Kibugi. "Leveraging integrated spatial planning for sustainable regulation of coastal tourism activities in Malindi town, Kenya." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 1 (2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i1.6.

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Unprecedented demand for both land and ocean space within the coastal zone to support tourism has continued to negatively impact the coastal marine environment leading to degradation. Poorly planned and regulated tourism activities on land and sea have led to degradation of environmentally sensitive marine areas, encroachment on public beaches, erosion of the shoreline and blockage of public access points to the beaches. These impacts transcend the land and ocean continuum necessitating the need for regulation. Spatial planning is one of the key tools that provides a pre-emptive strategic framework for regulating tourism uses so as to prevent harmful development and mitigate the impact of potentially polluting activities. However, spatial planning as applied in Kenya has focused on the regulation of physical developments on land such as the construction of hotels but not on the related tourism activities that emanate from such developments. In this case, activities that tourists engage in outside of the physical hotel structure such as swimming, leisure walks, sport fishing, souvenir collection, and snorkeling are not the subject of spatial planning leading to unsustainable use within the coastal zone. This study makes a case for adopting an integrated spatial planning approach as a lever for regulating tourism activities within this expanded lens, beyond just the buildings and activities that take place within the hotel establishments. The spatial planning approach would include a holistic regulation of coastal tourism activities within both terrestrial and marine spaces in order to attain sustainable management of the marine ecosystem.

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Bitok, Kipkosgei. "Sustainable tourism and economic growth nexus in Kenya: policy implications for post-Covid-19." Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 2 (2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i2.209.

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Purpose: The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused an unprecedented socio-economic impact. It has also raised our awareness of the role sustainability needs to play in our economic activities. This study investigated how sustainable tourism has contributed to economic growth in Kenya. Research Methodology: Eviews 10 software was used to analyze the time-series data. Drawing on data from 1995 to 2020, Johansen co-integration, Granger causality, and regression approaches were used. Results: The study found out that tourism employment and GDP are positively connected to economic growth in Kenya. The causality was unidirectional from economic growth to tourism contribution to GDP and employment, with a long-run linkage of the study determinants. Limitations: Since this research used the secondary sources of data, similar studies in the future may concentrate on the primary data sources to investigate the relationship between tourism employment and economic advancement. Contribution: At the new normal in the post-Covid-19 period, the study suggests that legislators and tourism policymakers should focus on the policies aimed at promoting sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism should be managed following the three pillars of sustainability. Keywords: Development, Domestic, Moderate, Regional, Scenario

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Rono, Geoffrey Kipchirchir, Dr Fridah Simba Theuri, Dr Anwar Hood Ahmed, and Dr Titus Muthami KIsing'u. "Influence of Strategy Implementation on Sustainability of Community Based Tourism in the Coast Region of Kenya." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5, no. 8 (2018): 4945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v5i8.07.

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The objective of this study was to establish the influence of strategy implementation on sustainability of community based tourism in the coast region of Kenya. The target population was 193 members of community based tourism units in coastal Kenya as a representative sample. Stratified random sampling method was used to classify the thirteen community groups into a single stratum. The study used structured questionnaires and documented literature as the main tools for both primary and secondary data collection. The findings indicated that strategy implementation had a positive relationship with sustainability of community based tourism. The variables were found to be normally distributed and hence no significant differences at 95% confidence level. The study established a strong linear relationship existed between strategy implementation and sustainability of community based tourism. Information from the study confirms enterprises require strategy implementation for continued sustainability of their enterprises.

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Cheung, Hubert. "Tourism in Kenya's national parks: A cost-benefit analysis." SURG Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v6i1.2019.

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East Africa is home to some of the most stunning wildlife in the world. With tourism in the region’s wildlife parks growing in popularity, it is imperative to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental costs and benefits of this expanding industry. This study conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the various impacts that tourism has brought to Kenya’s national parks by monetarily valuating each impact. While the results of this cost-benefit analysis suggest that the benefits far outweigh the costs, even when non-measurable costs are considered, a number of fundamental issues must be addressed in order to improve the cost-benefit balance. The results are likely to be representative of the overall state of tourism in Kenya’s national parks and expose key areas where improvements can be made. Improvements to tourism in Kenya’s national parks can have positive implications for local people, the environment, wildlife species, tourists, and biodiversity conservation.  Keywords: tourism; national parks; Kenya; cost-benefit analysis

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Mwangi, Muhoro Grieveesbon, and Kibiro Eunice. "INTERNATIONAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE LEVEL IN URBAN DESTINATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 1 (2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.513.

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The purpose of this research was to examine empirically the international visitor experiences while in urban destinations Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: The research hypothesis was constructed based on previous theoretical and empirical studies. A survey was conducted on 231 departing visitors to collect primary data from January to June 2017. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between international visitor experiences and urban destinations. Main findings: The results found out that visitor experience levels have direct positive influence on visitors’ visitation to Nairobi’s urban tourist attractions and thus directly influenced their return intention through their destination satisfaction process. Implications: Destination managers and tourism organizations particularly service organizations need to take into account of the satisfaction levels and the level of experience of urban visitors to enhance their revisits. Novelty: The findings of this research have provided to the understanding of valuable practical information about visitors experiences while in urban destinations. This information could be used in promotional strategies, product development, and urban planning frameworks should be geared to meet destination demand and sustainable urban tourism development.

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Kihima, Bonface O., and Paul M. Musila. "Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism in Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary." Journal of Tourism & Adventure 3, no. 1 (2020): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v3i1.31363.

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Community Based Tourism (CBT) is among several types of tourism that have been considered sustainable and beneficial to the host populations in conservation areas. The local community participation in tourism in conservation areas is supposed to be high and its members should benefit from the tourism process. However, having been presented with opportunity to improve their livelihoods, communities are constrained in various ways and generally fail to benefit from tourism development. This study was set to investigate constraints to community participation in conservation areas. It was carried out in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary (MES) in Kwale County, Kenya, using a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaires and oral interviews. The results indicated that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate financial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/knowledge were major constraints to participation. The study concludes that to address both operational and structural constraints to community participation, the national and county governments should develop policies that compel investors to honor agreements with communities, assist communities to enter into fair collaborations with investors, and provide incentives to investors in tourism.

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Musila, Paul M., and Bonface O. Kihima. "Constraints to Community Participation in Tourism In Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 12, no. 1 (2021): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v12i1.35677.

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Community Based Tourism (CBT) is among several types of tourism that have been considered sustainable and beneficial to the host populations in conservation areas. The local community participation in tourism in conservation areas is supposed to be high and its members should benefit from the tourism process. However, having been presented with opportunity to improve their livelihoods, communities are constrained in various ways and generally fail to benefit from tourism development. This study was set to investigate constraints to community participation in conservation areas. It was carried out in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary (MES) in Kwale County, Kenya, using a descriptive survey design. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaires and oral interviews. The results indicated that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate financial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/knowledge were major constraints to participation. The study concludes that to address both operational and structural constraints to community participation, the national and county governments should develop policies that compel investors to honour agreements with communities, assist communities to enter into fair collaborations with investors, and provide incentives to investors in tourism.

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Eunice, Kibiro, and Muhoro Grieveesbon Mwangi. "HANDICRAFT INDUSTRY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CULTURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 2 (2019): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.524.

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Purpose: This study investigated the roles of handicraft industries in cultural tourism development in Machakos County. Machakos County is home to Kenya’s oldest and biggest handicraft industry. The handicraft industry comprises of wood carvers and basket weavers in Mwala and Yatta constituencies’. Methodology: The study utilized qualitative research approach using an exploratory research design. The study population composed of wood carvers, craft cooperative officials and basket weavers drawn from two weavers’ community organizations in Machakos County. These are Yatta South Women Group and Muli Kyondo. The study employed unstructured interviews where focus group discussions, in-depth face to face interview were utilized to gather views directly from the respondents. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Main findings: The findings of the research revealed that cultural resources have long been providing employment for the local community. Implications: The study, therefore, recommends that both the national and local government should collaborate with the local community in development and planning of cultural resources so as to ensure sustainability of the industry. This would, in turn, increase the competitiveness of Machakos County as a tourist destination. Novelty: Kenya’s tourism and in particular Machakos cultural tourism product plays a vital role both in the rural areas as well as in urban areas in ensuring sustainability of resources in a number of ways that include social-cultural, economic as well as environmental.

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Buigut, Steven, and Djesika D. Amendah. "Effect of terrorism on demand for tourism in Kenya." Tourism Economics 22, no. 5 (2015): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0467.

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Akama, John S. "Western environmental values and nature-based tourism in Kenya." Tourism Management 17, no. 8 (1996): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(96)00077-5.

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Frost, Frederick A., and Tekle Shanka. "Regionalism in Tourism-The Case for Kenya and Ethiopia." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 11, no. 1 (2002): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j073v11n01_03.

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Peake, Robert. "Swahili stratification and tourism in Malindi Old Town, Kenya." Africa 59, no. 2 (1989): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160489.

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The Leisure ClassAt the turn of the century Veblen (1899) wrote on the socio-economic base of the leisure class. He suggested that, in addition to the ‘bourgeois’ and working classes identified in the nineteenth century, there existed an upper strata which was more than a mere anachronistic remnant of the preindustrial aristocracy, but was in fact reproduced by the developed industrial society.

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Tubey, Winnie Chebet, Dorothy Ndunge Kyalo, and Angeline Mulwa. "Socio-Cultural Conservation Strategies and Sustainability of Community Based Tourism Projects in Kenya: A Case of Maasai Mara Conservancies." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 6 (2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n6p90.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how social cultural conservation strategies influence the sustainability of community based tourism projects in Kenya. The objective of the study was to assess the extent to which social-cultural conservation strategies influence sustainability of community based tourism projects in Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design and adopt a mixed methods approach anchored on pragmatism as its philosophical underpinning. The study was conducted in two conservancies in Maasai Mara; Naboisho conservancy and Olare Motorongi conservancy. The study made use of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation as well as document analysis to collect data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis while quantitative data used multiple regression analysis to test the nature and strength of the relationship between variables based on observed data and to predict the value of the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable. With r = 0.891, r2 = 0.794, F (1, 204) = 787.02, p = 0.001 &lt; 0.05] it was concluded that social cultural conservation strategies had a significant influence on the sustainability of community based tourism projects. The study recommends that since the culture of the Maasai community has been a tourist attraction, the older members of the community should teach and ingrain the cultural values of their community to their children. When this is done properly, there will be less danger of the younger members adopting other cultures at the expense of their rich culture.

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Weru, Joshua Ngacha. "Perceived Destination Image and Post-Visit Behaviour: An International MICE Visitors’ Perspective." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-111.

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Africa including Kenya has continued to suffer negative images due to stereotypes, prejudice, and negative reporting by international media. This has continued to negatively affect the continents' share of the global leisure tourism market despite the rich and unique natural touristic resources. The continents’ MICE tourism, however, has been on the growth path before COVID 19 pandemic. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of perceived destination image by international MICE visitors on their post-visit behaviour. The study was carried out in the Kenyan capital city, Nairobi. The study followed a convenience sampling method with a total sample of 335 respondents. A model on destination image and post-visit behaviour was developed and tested. A blindfolding procedure in PLS showed the model had predictive relevance. Findings indicated that the cognitive image dimension had a positive and significant influence on affective image, overall image, and post-visit behaviour. Affective image positively influences overall image but not post-visit behaviour. Overall destination image had the greatest effect on post-visit behaviour. Destination Marketers in Kenya should pay particular attention to the destination’s cognitive image. The study provides valuable information for policymakers and destination marketers in developing actionable positioning strategies to enhance the destination’s image and competitiveness.

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Kimanzi, Johnstone K. "Population Viability Analysis of the Endangered Roan Antelope in Ruma National Park, Kenya, and Implications for Management." Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6015694.

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Population viability analysis (PVA) was used to (1) establish causes of roan population decline for the past 30 years in Ruma National Park (RNP), the only park where wild roans remain in Kenya, and (2) predict the probability of roan persistence under existing and alternative management options. PVA was done using long-term data based on population dynamics, life history, climatic conditions, and expert knowledge. Poaching was identified as the main cause of roan decline in RNP. Several antipoaching and prioritized habitat management interventions to promote population recovery and sustainable conservation of roans are described. PVA predictions indicated that, without these interventions, the roan population cannot persist more than 3 decades. Furthermore, ensuring sustainable conservation of roans in RNP will boost tourism in Western Kenyan and thus alleviate poverty in this part of the country. Improved income from tourism will reduce the possible pressures from hunting and give greater incentives for local people to be actively engaged in roan conservation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tourism in Kenya'

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