Academic literature on the topic 'Tourism industry, Ethiopia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tourism industry, Ethiopia"
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Soressa, Temesgen. "Assessment of Nature Tourism Potential, in Rural Development in West Wollega Zone in The Case of Sayo Nole and Nole Kaba Districts, Ethiopia." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v12.n1.p1.
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<p>Tourism is not just the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places. Tourism includes many geographic, economic, environmental, social, cultural and political dimensions. A tourism industry has a strong relationship with those dimensions because of its dependency and impact on it, and the interests of its stakeholders (Kauffmann 2008).</p><p>As stated by Sinha (2007) the study of tourism is the study of people away from their usual habitat of the establishments which responds to the requirement of travelers and the impact of that they have on the economic physical and social well-being of their hosts. Tourism is an attractive tool for economic development, specifically in the developing world. Viewed as an export industry of three Gs -- "get them in, get their Money, and get them out" – tourism has assisted many developing countries to move away from a dependency on agriculture and manufacturing (Tooman, 1997. </p><p>Chosen forits ability to bring in needed foreign exchange earnings, income and employment, tourism has become a popular addition to economic development policies in many African, Asian, South and Central American countries. Although tourism seems to beading substantially to the economic growth of many of these regions, many developing countries are not reaping full benefits from tourism (Vaugeois, 1990).</p><p>Tourism in Ethiopia dates back to the pre-Axumite period when the first illustrated travel guides to Ethiopia can be found in the friezes of the pyramids and ancient sites of Egypt. These depicted travels to the land of Punt, which the Egyptians knew was the source of the Nile, and where they traded for gold, incense, ivory and slaves. The fourth century Persian historian Mani described the Kingdom of Axum as being one of the four great empires of the world, ranking it alongside China, Persia and Rome (World Bank, 2006). Modern tourism in Ethiopia can be said to have started with the formation of a government body to develop and control it in 1961: The Ethiopian Tourist Organization (Y.Mulualem, 2010).</p>
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Gooroochurn, Nishaal, and Guntur Sugiyarto. "Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Tourism Industry." Tourism Economics 11, no. 1 (March 2005): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053297130.
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The competitiveness of tourist destinations is important, especially as countries strive for a bigger market share. However, competitiveness is a complex concept, encompassing various aspects that are difficult to measure. This paper discusses an innovative approach for measuring tourism competitiveness using eight main indicators – price, openness, technology, infrastructure, human tourism, social development, environment and human resources – for over 200 countries. Weights for each theme are derived using confirmatory factor analysis in order to compute an aggregate index, and it is found that the social and technology indicators have the highest weights while the human tourism and environment indicators have the lowest. Cluster analysis is used to group destinations according to their performance level. The USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Australia are found to be the most competitive destinations, while Burkina Faso, Chad, Benin, Ethiopia and Cambodia are the least competitive.
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Degarege, Gebeyaw Ambelu, and Brent Lovelock. "Institutional barriers to coffee tourism development: insights from Ethiopia – the birthplace of coffee." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-11-2020-0273.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify pathways to improve the performance and competitiveness of Ethiopia's tourism sector using coffee as one essential tourism experience, thereby improving the socio-economic conditions of the local communities who depend on coffee for their livelihoods. Design/methodology/approach Based upon qualitative focus group discussions undertaken with key informants in both the coffee and tourism sectors in Ethiopia. Findings Despite the existing tourism development potential, Ethiopia has not yet fully exploited this position. While the country uses coffee to assist its destination marketing strategies, practical interventions to position coffee as a primary tourism product are absent and remain of critical importance. Research limitations/implications In this exploratory study key informant participants from government and industry share their experience within this policy domain. It is acknowledged that future research aiming to provide a fuller picture of governance in this domain would also include the perspective of community-level coffee growers. Practical implications Paramount among the implications of this study is the need to enhance cross-sectoral planning and collaboration and to establish a bridging organisation that will help integrate the agricultural (coffee) sector and the tourism sector. Social implications This study identifies key governance-related obstacles to addressing rural poverty through coffee-related agri-tourism initiatives in Ethiopia. Originality/value This paper addresses, from a governance perspective, the obstacles and opportunities for coffee as a tourism product/experience in Ethiopia. The paper identifies what interventions and innovations in policy and practice are necessary to enhance the role of Ethiopia's coffee culture in the performance of the country's tourism sector.
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AREFAYNE, Demoz, Leake LEGESSE, and Daniel ALEMSHET. "ASSESSMENT OF PROMOTIONAL MIXES PRACTICE OF TIGRAY TOURISM INDUSTRY, ETHIOPIA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 36, no. 2spl (June 30, 2021): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.362spl06-688.
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Tigray Regional State has significant tourism potentials. However, it is unable to exploit the existing tourism products using a promotional strategy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the promotional practice of the Tourism industry. This study applied a quantitative study design. The data was collected from 180 foreign and domestic tourists. The findings of the study indicated that Tigray tourism office frequently used television and radio promotional Media which are the most traditional, but infrequently used modern promotional tools (Websites, Short Mobile Messages (SMS), word of mouth, public relation). Sales Promotion and Public Relations mixes are mostly applied promotional elements in Tigray tourism sites.
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Fikire, Abebaw Hailu, Zemenu Bires, and Girma Mulugeta Emeru. "An Economic Analysis of Tourism Contribution for Urban Poverty Reduction in Major Tourist Towns of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Scientifica 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1116011.
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Tourism has a significant contribution to the livelihood diversification of the communities and supporting economic development efforts. This study aimed at an economic analysis of tourism’s contribution to urban poverty reduction in Major Tourist Towns of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A multistage simple random sampling and purpose sampling were used to select sample respondents from the population in the study area. Hence, a total of 286 valid observations from 385 sample respondents were used for the analysis of the collected data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The finding of this study revealed that tourism has a significant and positive contribution to poverty reduction in urban areas, but the level of contribution is minimal. Besides, it exhibited that funding aids and government concern for tourism-targeted programs and access to credit infrastructure, tourism education, and policy were the significant factors that affect tourism’s role in urban poverty reduction. Thus, to enhance its contributions and overcome industry bottlenecks, the government shall put tourism as a valuable development pillar, develop pro-poor strategies linking tourism with the urban poor, develop urban tourism development programs, and assign tourism-trained professional leaders to the sector.
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Chilembwe, James Malitoni, and Frank Wadilika Gondwe. "Tourism Entrepreneurial Development and Flight Frequency at a Destination: Case Study of Malawi." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 2, no. 1 (October 24, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2015.212.
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This paper assesses the role of flight frequency on tourism entrepreneurial development in Malawi. The air transport industry in other African countries is growing stronger and helps to promote tourism entrepreneurial development. Countries such as South Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya, have developed strong air transport network which is vital in tourism development. On the other hand, many African countries, Malawi inclusive are struggling to develop such air transport network which directly affects tourism entrepreneurial development. Businesses such as travel agencies, tour operators, ground handlers, and airports are highly depending on airline’s operation to survive. In an attempt to analyze the scenario in the tourism industry between airline’s frequency and tourism entrepreneurial development there was a measure of relationship between the two hence the employment of quantitative approach in addition to in-depth interviews conducted with airline, travel, and tour operations managers to compare the results. The study revealed that airlines have a vital role in tourism entrepreneurial development and that without airlines operating, many businesses would not have existed and should all airlines stop operating in the country, many companies would follow suit. The study also ascertained that high frequency of flights at a destination means more opportunities and revenue for tourism entrepreneurs.
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Eyana, Shiferaw Muleta, Enno Masurel, and Leo J. Paas. "Causation and effectuation behaviour of Ethiopian entrepreneurs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 791–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2017-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of causation and effectuation behaviour of Ethiopian entrepreneurs on the eventual performance of their newly established small firms. It adds new knowledge and insights to advance the theory of effectuation by extending its scope into the domain of entrepreneurial behaviour and firm performance and by testing one of the operationalized scales in an African context. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research is conducted amongst Ethiopian tour operators (n=118) based on primary data from the field. The scales are based on Chandler et al. (2011), which are adapted to fit to the tourism sector and validated in an African context using a two-stage exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Hierarchical multiple regression is used to assess the ability of entrepreneurs’ behaviour (i.e. causation and effectuation) at the startup phase to predict the eventual performance of their newly established firms (self-reported changes in employment size, sales, profit and assets) over three years (January 2012-2015). Findings The findings reveal a varied effect of causation and effectuation on financial and non-financial measures. Causation is positively related to an increase in employment size, whereas the overall effect of effectuation is positively related to financial performance measures, although its dimensions vary in their effects on sales, profit and assets increase. The paper concludes that causation and effectuation have varied implications on firm performance. In other words, unlike the findings of other research in Western contexts, a strong empirical support is not found to claim that effectuation is superior to causation in outcomes such as firm performance in Ethiopian context. Research limitations/implications While this paper provides a new data set for entrepreneurship literature, its findings may lack generalisability. Not only it is industry specific (tourism sector), but also it is conducted in a single African country (Ethiopia). Despite its limitations, the paper adds new knowledge and insights for empirical studies in entrepreneurship field on the effects of entrepreneurs’ behaviour, such as causation and effectuation; on firm performance. Future research should focus on other economic sectors and in different African countries before making generalisations about the effect of causation and effectuation behaviour of African entrepreneurs on firm performance. Practical implications The findings of this paper can be used in other hospitality and tourism sectors like hotels and souvenir shops since tour operating business includes a broad range of service activities such as sightseeing, accommodation, transportation, recreational activities and shopping. Besides, these results have practical implications to prepare and provide business and management training tools to enhance entrepreneurial and managerial skills of owners of small tourism firms in Ethiopia. The findings of the study can also be applied in other African countries with similar culture and business environments to promote tourism development and success in Africa. Originality/value There have been hardly any empirical studies that are undertaken on the implications of entrepreneurial behaviour such as causation and effectuation on the performance of small tourism firms, particularly in an African context. The paper addresses this research gap in entrepreneurship literature in drawing on empirical evidence from small tourism firms (tour operators) in Ethiopia.
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Thomas Fakana, Selemon, and Alemken Berihun Mengist. "Opportunities to Enhance Tourism Industry Development: Gambella People’s National Regional State, South West Ethiopia." International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management 3, no. 2 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20190302.11.
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Fentaw Nigatu, Tesfaye. "From Looking Good to Doing Good: Necessary Tools to Develop Tourism Industry in Ethiopia." ATHENS JOURNAL OF TOURISM 7, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajt.7-3-4.
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Chyr, N. V. "Tendencies in Photo Tourism Development in Ukraine (on the example of Transcarpathian region)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111830.
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The purpose of this article is to investigate the main vectors of photo tourism development in Ukraine as an innovative trend in active tourism. On the basis of systematization of the definitions available, the author presents her own vision of the concept “photo tourism”, as well as its main functions. The author gives a brief outline of the geography of the most popular photo tours in the world and emphasizes prospects for development of photo tourism within Ukraine on the basis of the touristic recreational potential available. Among the most popular destinations of photo tourism in the world for street photography and genre photography we can highlight Europe. Paris, Rome, Amsterdam, Madrid, Prague and Lisbon are considered to be truly picturesque photo locations. In terms of scenery tours, the top ranking directions are exotic ones, such as South-East Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, India, Tibet, China, Nepal, Ethiopia, Bhutan and Malaysia. The whole territory of Ukraine is appealing in terms of photo tour development, though the Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimea possess the best qualities for scenery, panoramic and genre photography. At present photo tours are being actively carried out only in the Western regions of the country. The most interesting natural locations have been described, which might become the basis for photo tours within the boundaries of Ukraine in the future. The objects to be captured by the camera lens are mostly historical and cultural heritage – castles, fortresses, palace complexes. The Chornobyl Exclusion Zone has become a particularly interesting photo location. A range of schematic maps depicting tourist photo locations in the West of Ukraine has been created. The second vector of the development of photo tourism in Ukraine is the landscapes of the Carpathian Mountains. The following photo tours are successfully implemented and the most popular among tourists: “The Marmaros Mountains: photo trip along the Ukraine – Romania border”; “Verkhovyna Watershed Ridge”; “Borzhava Mountain Valley”; “ Pre-Watershed Gorgany”; “Svydovets Massif”; “Marmaros Massif”. The article analyzes the photo tour proposals nowadays available for Ukrainian tourists, their value and territorial organization. The findings of the research suggest that photo tourism is predominantly directed outside the boundaries of Ukraine whereas the development of internal photo tourism is significantly slower. The benefit of the study is that the author has developed a new tourist product in the market of tourist services of Ukraine – the programme of the photo tour “Gastronomic Transcarpathia”. Food photography of Transcarpathian cuisine is considered to be a promising and innovational element in the development of the tourist industry in the region. This article mentions limiting factors hindering development of photo tourism in Ukraine and in Transcarpathian region in particular.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tourism industry, Ethiopia"
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Shanka, Teklehaimanot S. "A study to develop a strategic model for the Ethiopian tourism industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/677.
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This study was concerned with developing a strategy for the Ethiopian Tourism Industry. The literature review attempted to show the significance of tourism to any country, and more appropriately to developing countries. Field research was conducted in Ethiopia to obtain secondary data applicable to the study and to conduct interviews with various officials. Survey questionnaires were administered in Ethiopia, in Sub Saharan African countries and in Australia to elicit perceptions of Ethiopia as a tourist destination. The study contributes in various ways. First, it is the first of its kind to thoroughly investigate Ethiopia's tourism development process. Second, it has looked into the concept of tourism from many angles - strategic, marketing, promotional, infrastructure, environmental, etc. Finally, the strategic models developed for the Ethiopian Tourism industry by incorporating a strategic planning process at various levels can also be used by other less developed countries in their efforts to develop tourism.
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Shanka, Teklehaimanot S. "A study to develop a strategic model for the Ethiopian tourism industry." Curtin University of Technology, School of Marketing, 1996. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11896.
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This study was concerned with developing a strategy for the Ethiopian Tourism Industry. The literature review attempted to show the significance of tourism to any country, and more appropriately to developing countries. Field research was conducted in Ethiopia to obtain secondary data applicable to the study and to conduct interviews with various officials. Survey questionnaires were administered in Ethiopia, in Sub Saharan African countries and in Australia to elicit perceptions of Ethiopia as a tourist destination. The study contributes in various ways. First, it is the first of its kind to thoroughly investigate Ethiopia's tourism development process. Second, it has looked into the concept of tourism from many angles - strategic, marketing, promotional, infrastructure, environmental, etc. Finally, the strategic models developed for the Ethiopian Tourism industry by incorporating a strategic planning process at various levels can also be used by other less developed countries in their efforts to develop tourism.
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Yun, Ohsoon. "Coffee tourism in Ethiopia : opportunities, challenges, and initiatives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17470.
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This thesis explores the opportunities, challenges, and initiatives for coffee tourism in the context of Ethiopia. My research addresses five themes to achieve its research aims, which are as follows: arriving at prospective coffee tourism frameworks; addressing the reasons behind the underdevelopment of coffee tourism in Ethiopia; highlighting coffee tourism’s opportunities and challenges in Ethiopia; identifying potential coffee tourists, and; initiating coffee tourism through local collaborations. The core research methodologies are: fieldwork in Ethiopia involving a series of interviews with key stakeholders and a detailed case study of one potential coffee tourism region; digital ethnography, and; knowledge transfer activities enabled by several conceptual approaches such as development in Africa, power relations, reformed orientalism, situated knowledge, self-other, emotional geographies, and participatory geographies. Through this research, I found that coffee tourism cannot simply be a combination of coffee and tourism; coffee tourism needs to be understood through various contexts in addition to that of tourism; coffee tourism can be a more practical tourism form and a new coffee marketing vehicle in Ethiopia, and; coffee tourism potentially brings more advantages to the coffee industry in coffee bean exporting countries with current sustainable coffee initiatives such as fair trade or other coffee certification projects. Coffee tourism is not widely discussed in academia, and I argue that this research addresses several gaps in the literature: suggestions for coffee tourism frameworks, coffee tourism research in the context of Ethiopia, coffee tourism research beyond simple analysis in terms of the tourism or coffee industries, and a new illumination on Ethiopian culture, tourism, and coffee culture. Raising the topic of South Korea’s impact in Ethiopia as well as the East Asian role in coffee tourism is also an important contribution to academia. During my PhD tenure, I found a potential global partnership between coffee bean exporting countries and coffee bean importing countries through coffee. Ethiopia is an ideal place for coffee tourism, and it is my hope that coffee tourism could present an approach that brings to light Ethiopia's cultural wealth.
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Demeke, Wegene. "Small and Micro Business Enterprises (SMBEs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : development and poverty reduction through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), with particular reference to the hotel industry and associated businesses." Thesis, University of West London, 2014. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1056/.
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The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a facilitator and enabler for development and poverty reduction has been increasingly recognised by many international organisations. ICTs need to be diffused in society to have their effects realised. The diffusion of ICTs in developing countries is lagging behind the developed countries creating the digital divide. Although the divide is reducing in many sub-Saharan countries, in Ethiopia it is increasing. The purpose of this study is to find the factors that affect the adoption and nonadoption of ICTs in small and micro businesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A number of sectors were explored and the hotel and tour operator sector was found to have both adopters and non-adopters. The hotel and tour operator business in Addis Ababa was selected to be the study population. The main research question was to find the connection between the political, economic, and social factors and the adoption and use of ICT in this sector. While cultural, social-economic, political and legal factors affect the adoption of innovation in both developed and developing countries, these factors are more pronounced in the developing countries. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory is a good initial theoretical candidate for understanding the ICT diffusion factors. However, to include the national level factors, a theoretical framework was proposed based on Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory. An exploratory research method was used to shed light on the adoption and non-adoption factors. It uses mixed methods research methodology in two phases to collect data from owners/managers. In the first phase in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 hoteliers who adopted ICT in their businesses. In the second phase survey questionnaires were used to collect data from 128 hoteliers and 57 tour operators. In this phase both adopters and non-adopters of ICT were included. Data were analysed using NVivo and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software packages. This study argues that the telecommunications monopoly, the non-affordability of ICT products and services, the general economic situation, lack of knowledge and awareness of the technology, and lack of legal protection for small hotels affect the adoption negatively. On the other hand, network externalities, competition among hoteliers, and major customers (foreign) act as a facilitator agent and have a positive impact on the adoption of ICT. The researcher argues that the political, social, economic, technological and legal policies are the sources of the adoption and non-adoption factors of ICTs in the hotel and tour operator business.
Book chapters on the topic "Tourism industry, Ethiopia"
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Gebreeyesus, Mulu. "Industries without Smokestacks." In Industries without Smokestacks, 170–90. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821885.003.0009.
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Although the manufacturing sector is known to have a unique role in structural transformation, the industries without smokestacks that include tradable services (e.g. IT, tourism, and transport), horticulture, and agro-industry can provide new opportunities for export development in low-income countries and in turn drive economic growth. With vast natural and man-made tourist attractions and diversified agroecological advantage, Ethiopia is particularly well positioned to exploit the opportunities in industries without smokestacks. This study takes the case of Ethiopia and examines the current state and contribution of the industries without smokestacks to the economy and exports with the aim of improving our understanding of the major bottlenecks and solutions to unlocking the potential of these industries. It gives special attention to the horticulture and tourism industries, given the huge unexploited potential of these sectors in Ethiopia.
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Tilahun, Surafel Luleseged, Natnael Nigussie Goshu, and Jean Medard T. Ngnotchouye. "Prey Predator Algorithm for Travelling Salesman Problem." In Handbook of Research on Holistic Optimization Techniques in the Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry, 400–422. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1054-3.ch019.
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Visiting most, if not all, tourist destination of a country while visiting a country is an ideal plan of a tourist. In most cases if the tour is not carefully planned, it will be costly and time taking to travel between tourist destinations of a country. If we consider Ethiopia, a country which has been named as best tourism destination for 2015 by the European Council on Tourism and Trade (ECTT); there are many tourist destinations all over the country. The problem of determining the optimum route to visit all the tourist sites with minimum traveling time can be formulated as a travel salesman problem. In this study 17 of the famous tourist destination of Ethiopia will be selected and a travel salesman model will be formulated. Due to the NP hardness of the travel salesman problem, metaheuristic based algorithms are found to be more effective. Hence, a recently introduced swarm based metaheuristic algorithm, called prey predator algorithm will be used to deal with the formulated problem. The simulation result suggests that the best route to visit the selected destination is Addis Ababa ? Sof Omar Caves ? Bale Mountain National Park ? Abijiata-Shalla Lakes ? Netchisar National Park ? Mago National Park ? Omo National Park ? Gambella National Park ? Bahir Dar ? Lalibela ? Gonder ? Semien Mountain National Park ? Axum ? Ertale ? Yangudi Rassa National Park ? Awash National Park ? Harar ? Addis Ababa. It should be noted in some of the sites there is no direct route and hence a route through other cities is used and hence it should be recomputed in the future when a direct route between these tourist destinations is constructed.
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Historia, Agnes D., Bonface O. Kihima, and Mohit Kukreti. "Entrepreneurship in Tourism Education." In Entrepreneurship Education in Tourism and Hospitality Management, 203–17. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9510-7.ch009.
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Hospitality and tourism requires varying degrees of skills that allow for quick entry into the workforce and business for trainees. It is one of the most diversified industries in the world because of the wide number of different occupations and professions involved in it. With increasing change in both the domestic as well as the global market, technology and customer expectations of the industry itself, the requirements of the hospitality and tourism have also undergone significant transformation. With these ever increasing changes in the industry, graduates are expected to possess more than just specialized knowledge and skills, but also the capacity to be proactive and to see and to respond to problems creatively and autonomously. This chapter critically looks at the place of entrepreneurship education within the hospitality and tourism programs in Ethiopia and Kenya. It adopts a qualitative study by way of unstructured interviews and secondary data analysis. It concludes by proposing various strategies to achieve this, notably an outcome-based system and industry-based learning models.
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Takele, Yezihalem Sisay. "The Role of Public and Private Sector for Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality Business Development in Ethiopia." In Handbook of Research on International Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management, 201–15. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8434-6.ch013.
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In order to achieve the objective of the study, both primary and secondary data were generated by employing qualitative (using group discussion, in depth interview, and observation) and quantitative (mainly using survey and visitor survey questionnaires) methods. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select both private and public tourism sectors and 80 samples, respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean when appropriate while qualitative data was used to triangulate and substantiate the study. The finding result shows the visitor experience on the area of transportation and accommodation is the area where Addis Ababa falls far behind. There are several areas of poor performance (supported by both visitor questionnaires during the preparation of this study). Overall, the analysis identified that the industry (the role of public and private sector for sustainable tourism development in Ethiopia) is underperforming relative to the tremendous potential value to fasten for a tourism industry in the country.
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Karkut, Jonathan. "Reconsidering the boundaries and applications of Geotourism lessons learnt from tourism at Mount Vesuvius." In Geotourism: the tourism of geology and landscape. Goodfellow Publishers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-09-3-1083.
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Active volcanic reagions and a vibrant tourism industry may at first consideration seem to be an unlikely combination. However, even just a cursory search on the Internet brings up a whole range of tours, experiences and accommodation from Hawaii to Iceland, Ethiopia to Japan. The attraction extends beyond the dramatic landscapes of perfect cone shaped peaks, as rich volcanic soils often produce wide arrays of flora and fauna. Equally, the promise of plentiful harvests has long drawn dense human habitation around the world’s volcanoes. Thus further layers of cultural, religious and agricultural patrimony can be seen to draw tourists in to visiting these potentially dangerous sites. As documented across eruptions over the centuries, a very thin line exists between natural drama and disaster. Hence a burgeoning body of research has evolved, from the geological understanding of when and how eruptions occur, to risk management and prevention for the populations living around active volcanoes. More recently multidisciplinary teams have emerged to create bridges between the volcanologists, emergency managers, social scientists and community representatives to ensure effective transferral of information alongside the construction and implementation of robust crisis plans. However, little has been written with respect to how destinations near to active volcanic sites may mitigate often much needed economic growth through sustainable tourism development with the demands required for effective risk management.