Academic literature on the topic 'Tourism – Rwanda'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tourism – Rwanda"
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Kalulu, Ronald, Emmy Tushabe, and Abel Chondo. "Air Transport and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry in Rwanda: Case of RwandAir." East African Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 1 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.2.1.185.
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The study focused on the air transportation and its impact on the tourism industry in Rwanda; the case of RwandAir. The study objectives were to identify the contributions of air transportation to the development of tourism industry in Rwanda; to establish the challenges facing the air transport sector and to propose strategic measures to mitigate the challenges. The study used a cross-sectional survey thus both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. The study used closed-ended questionnaires, structured interview, as well as document review. Purposive sampling was used on the key managers of both RwandAir and Rwanda Development Board. The study targeted 700 international tourists and 200 domestic tourists (conveniently selected), as well as structured interview with 30 senior officers of RwandAir and 20 senior officers of RDB, hence making the total population to be 950 respondents. The study sample size was 274 respondents. However, after validating the returned questionnaires, only 240 questionnaires were found to be valid. It was revealed that RwandAir greatly contributes to tourism development in many ways such as marketing, job creation, transporting tourists, providing a convenient, quick and safe way to get into the country among others. It was revealed by the world bank that international tourism arrivals in 2016 was 932000 tourists bringing in 25.85 % of total exports and total imports and expenditure on travel service es was 11.99 % in Rwanda. The number of tourists’ arrivals was limited to arrivals by air. However, RwandAir and air transport in general faces changing oil prices, expensive jets, terrorism in neighbouring countries, limited funding, skills gap in aviation sector (lack of technical engineers and pilots), geographical location, inadequate infrastructure and to a great extent, lack of safety compliance. The strategies that can be adopted to improve air transport sector are: more funding to air transport industry by government; oil and energy negotiations with oil-producing countries; skills enhancement like training local pilots and engineers; improved airport infrastructure in Rwanda e.g. at Kigali international airport and other domestic airports; space agreements as well as benchmarking best airline companies like Qatar and emirates and others in the region. The study recommends tax concessions for the air transport, oil negotiations, opening up and re-development of the domestic airports in the country, reduced prices for incoming tourists using RwandAir, partnerships between government and private sector in developing air transport, increased training of aviation staff among others. It is believed that when these are done, then air transport will continue to positively transform tourism into a better and developing sector with sustained customer base hence national development.
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Odunga, Pius O., Geoffrey Manyara, and Mark Yobesia. "Estimating the direct contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy: Tourism satellite account methodology." Tourism and Hospitality Research 20, no. 3 (2019): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358419857786.
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The tourism industry is poised to command a significant role in the economy of Rwanda, a low-income developing country that is rapidly transforming into a service-oriented economy. However, the industry does not exist as a distinct entity in a country’s national accounts leading to difficulties in estimating its role. Besides, the existence of a significant informal sector aggravates the situation. This study used tourism satellite accounts approach to estimate the economic contribution of tourism. Using primary data from various tourism surveys, six core tables of the tourism satellite accounts framework are presented to estimate the direct economic contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy in 2014. In this year, a total of 1,219,529 international tourists visited the country while 560,000 residents took part in domestic tourism trips resulting in internal tourism expenditure/consumption amounting to RWF 261.2bn. This generated an estimated RWF 197.5bn as gross value added by the tourism characteristic industries. Direct tourism gross value added was estimated at RWF 120.0bn while direct tourism gross domestic product, a measure of the direct effects of internal tourism consumption on gross domestic product of the economy was computed at RWF 128.3bn (or 2.5% of Rwanda’s gross domestic product) in the year. In addition to the core six tourism satellite accounts tables, the levels of tourism employment (about 89,000 jobs) tourism gross fixed capital formation (slightly over RWF 200bn) and tourism collective consumption (over RWF 7bn) were estimated. Under this study, the international methodological recommendations on tourism satellite accounts were implemented for Rwanda. The contribution of tourism to gross domestic product, employment, investment, and collective consumption was quantified and estimated. Informal sector tourism activities were included in these estimates. Gross fixed capital formation and collective consumption estimates are tentative due to conceptual considerations documented by the methodological framework.
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Kabera, Callixte, and Emmy Tushabe. "Environmental Conservation, A Factor for Promoting Tourism Industry in Rwanda: A Case Study of Rubavu District." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.3.1.381.
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This study sought to examine the contribution of environmental conservation in promoting the tourism industry in Rwanda, the Case study of the Rubavu District using a mixed research design of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study established that environmental conservation increases the number of tourists that would be hosted in the area; encourages repeat visits of tourists; increases the satisfaction of tourists and attracts new tourists and retains existing ones in the area. However, it experiences some challenges that include, air and water pollution, availability of different rubbish, population growth, and deforestation. These become constraints to environmental conservation and the tourism industry development in Rubavu District. On the other hand, taking preventive measures against air and water pollution, limiting overpopulation, avoiding deforestation and minimizing rubbish have worked to mitigate against the challenges. The study concludes that environmental conservation has played a vital role in promoting the tourism industry in Rwanda. The study recommends that the government of Rwanda in collaboration with the administration of Rubavu District should minimize rubbish by deploying responsible rubbish disposal methods and providing rubbish bins near roads. This will promote cleaner spaces with less environmental stress
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Korstanje, Maximiliano E. "Investigating the Challenges of Promoting Dark Tourism in Rwanda." Revista Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade 11, no. 3 (2019): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v11i3p719.
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Shackley, Myra. "The future of gorilla tourism in Rwanda." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3, no. 2 (1995): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669589509510711.
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Spenceley, Anna, Straton Habyalimana, Ritah Tusabe, and Donnah Mariza. "Benefits to the poor from gorilla tourism in Rwanda." Development Southern Africa 27, no. 5 (2010): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2010.522828.
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Gutekunst, Marc Daniel. "The Mille Collines and Kigali at War." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050198x.
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As the tragic events of Rwanda started unfolding on April 6, 1994, I was in Kigali setting up a Postwar Rehabilitation and Development Program we had developed in collaboration with the Rwandan Ministries of Health and Defense, and ORTPN (the Rwandan Office of Tourism and National Parks). This program, implemented by a local NGO, included four components. The first consisted in the physical rehabilitation of institutions damaged in the war between October 1990 and March 1993, primarily hospitals, health centers and dispensaries in the Prefectures of Byumba and Ruhengeri. The first phase of this component had been completed by March 25, 1994, with funding from the Canadian Government and the EEC. Subsequent phases were intended to be program-oriented and to provide institutional support to these health facilities.
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Manirakiza, Vincent, Leon Mugabe, Aimable Nsabimana, and Manassé Nzayirambaho. "City Profile: Kigali, Rwanda." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (2019): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319867485.
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Rwanda is experiencing rapid development and urbanization in the Post-genocide perpetrated against Tutsi (1994) period. Kigali as the capital and the leading city is undergoing remarkable changes in the process of modernization. This is being done through the rejuvenation of commercial areas, building of new business offices and quality infrastructure, improvement of urban service delivery, tourism and industrial development (Kigali Special Economic Zone). Together with a clean city policy, the City of Kigali is now known to be one of the cleanest cities in Africa. This has been effectively achieved through consistent and integrated urban policies. However, the city has been facing challenges related to informal settlements and equitable provision of urban services to all residents. In this paper, data from secondary sources, mainly official reports, policy documents and academic papers, are presented and discussed through various perspectives related to the urban growth of Kigali. Likewise, the implications of existing policies on the implementation of strategic initiatives have also been highlighted.
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Williams, Jessica L., and Alison M. Behie. "Northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) travel and scan more at the cost of rest when in the presence of tourists." Animal Biology 70, no. 4 (2020): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10040.
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Abstract The tourism sector is a fast-growing contributor to the global economy, and nature-based tourism (NBT), particularly in Asia and Africa, is booming. Through the creation of jobs and revenue NBT has the potential to combat deforestation in regions that are economically poor, but of high biodiversity value. Inspired by the success of gorilla tourism in Uganda and Rwanda, several gibbon tourism projects have been initiated in Southeast Asia and China. Despite the existence of these programmes, no research has been done to investigate the impact of tourism on the behaviour of gibbons. To address this, we collected observational data on a group of northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) at Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park (VSSPNP), Cambodia, in the presence and absence of tourists. We found there was a significant increase in the amount of time individuals spent scanning their environment and travelling at the cost of rest when in the presence of tourists. We also found that individuals were significantly more likely to self-groom in the presence of tourists. These results highlight the importance of scientific research in implementing successful, low-impact NBT programmes that consider animal behavioural changes. We are continuing to collect data on gibbons at VSSPNP and at Mt. Gaoligong National Nature Reserve, China with the aim of extending the IUCN’s best-practice guidelines for great-ape tourism to include the small apes.
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Becker, Annette. "Dark tourism: The “heritagization” of sites of suffering, with an emphasis on memorials of the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi of Rwanda." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 910 (2019): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311900016x.
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AbstractNowadays, there exists an international movement towards the extensive recognition as cultural heritage, or “heritagization”, of areas where wars, genocides and massacres have taken place. The phenomenon of “seeing” mass death, called “dark tourism” or the “tourism of desolation”, has become both an aim and a destination for visitors. The article examines this heritagization, with an emphasis on the memorials of the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi of Rwanda.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tourism – Rwanda"
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Ngenzi, Kome Yves. "Perceived barriers to tourism development in Rwanda as a tourist destination." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2121.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.<br>Tourism is regarded as the fastest growing industry in the world. Africa was
identified at the World Investment Conference in Geneva (WAIPA, 2005) as one
of the continents with a significant potential for developing tourism. Located in
sub-Saharan Africa, Rwanda is a low income, landlocked and densely populated
country in Africa. Tourism provides the best alternative for economic
development to Rwanda which does not have mineral resources unlike most
African countries. The development of tourism can contribute a lot to this country
through reduction of the level of poverty, creation of job opportunities as well as
contributing to the national income. However, the tourism industry in Rwanda is
still in its early stages due to the 1994 war. Most of the parks re-opened in
1998/1999, and still concentrate on low volume of tourists. Until now Rwanda is
not recognised among the known tourist destinations in Africa; it is believed to be
a less developed place for tourists. This study presents barriers to tourism
development in Rwanda as perceived by domestic and international tourists as
well as workers in the tourism sector of Rwanda. The study was conducted in the
four provinces of Rwanda and the capital city, Kigali. A quantitative design using
two cross-sectional questionnaires was utilised to establish the opinions of the
participants. A sample of 426 participants, including 68 international tourists, 182
domestic tourists as well as 176 workers in the tourism sector was selected to
participate in the study.
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Gitera, Valence. "The development and promotion of heritage tourism in Rwanda." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=td_cput.
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Safari, Ernest. "A model of the contribution of information communication technology to the tourism value chain for pro-poor benefits in Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2687.
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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Prior studies have shown that the information communication technology sector worldwide is perceived as a transformative and enabling tool for the other economic activities to improve citizens’ lives. In a Rwandan context, information communication technology integration in economic sector activities such as tourism, with the adoption of a value chain approach, is thought to be an answer to a number of social and economic challenges, including unemployment, customer care services, and poor information knowledge. In combination with the tourism sector, it is possible that job creation opportunities could benefit unemployed Rwandans, particularly the young, where information communication technology is identified as a business in itself, and an enabling tool to improve inter-economic and crosscutting activities in a growing economy. Despite mixed results from various studies, information communication technology for a tourism village could be an enabling tool for national and regional development, if priority focus on ICT and tourism quality infrastructures is maintained. Research on the evolving nature of the information communication technology sector, through tourism activities in Rwanda, could yield many off-farm jobs besides solely agrarian activities.
The study was conducted on an extensive scale, in order to facilitate the generalisation of the results, employing 720 tourism stakeholders’ surveys, ten interviews with government tourism officials, and ten focus group discussions to garner both quantitative and qualitative data. A mixed research method was used to minimise possible research bias and maximise the accuracy of the findings in the four provinces and Kigali City in Rwanda.
Of the 720 questionnaires distributed, 615 were usable. Regarding the interviews with government officials, focus group discussions, field observations and secondary data analysis, the researcher found that the information communication technology contribution to tourism stakeholders’ economic lives was at variance with residents’ perceptions in the provinces and districts, and contradicted the information communication technology benefits of connectivity, internet accessibility and usability in their locality. It was also confirmed that information communication technology contributions to tourism stakeholders were at a very low level, where the contribution was limited to telephone subscriptions and their uses, for example for mobile money transfers. The future of information communication technology contributions to tourism stakeholders is positive, if integrated value chain approaches are adopted to benefit poor communities at a tourist destination being visited. A model of an information communication technology village for the development of a tourism village is proposed. This could serve as a catalyst to measure the impacts on both the information communication technology and tourism sectors discussed in this study. More importantly, it was clearly found that the culture of approaching local communities in the process of policy drafting, or any developmental programme, is not present in Rwanda, and this was shown as a critical issue because of the costly nature of implementation of changes. Consequently, this study found that there was potential to support projections for information communication technology policies to achieve the objectives of sustainable development through tourism, promoting rural development, and a reduction of poverty in general<br>Rwandan Government, through the Ministry of Education
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Nsabimana, Emmanuel. "The extent of community involvement in tourism development and conservation activities in Eastern Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1604.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010<br>This study investigated the extent of local community involvement in tourism development
and conservation activities in eastern Rwanda by using Akagera National Park as a case
study. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from local residents, while
face-to-face interviews were conducted with key informants from Rwanda National Tourism
and Conservation Agency and local government officials as means to obtain deeper insights.
Tosun (2000:626) contends that community involvement in tourism can be considered from at
least two viewpoints, namely the decision-making process that would involve community
participation and the benefits of tourism development such as employment and business
opportunities. Results of this research suggest that community participation in Akagera
National Park has been recognised by Rwanda National Tourism and Conservation Agency
and the government of Rwanda only in the sense of helping local people to obtain economic
benefits via employing them as workers within industry [though, still at a low rate], whilst
encouraging them to operate small scale businesses such as curio shops, rather than create
opportunities for them to have a say in the process of decision making of tourism
management and conservation policies.
Although Rwanda has opted for a decentralised system in its rural development plans, it is
evident that it has failed to do so in the areas of tourism and conservation - at least in
Akagera National Park. The researcher believes that in the light of the research results, the
decision making system for Akagera National Park tourism and conservation development
plans is still highly centralised, which, conversely, work against participatory development
approach. The study recommends that local communities in the Akagera area should be
consulted and involved in development programmes within their villages from the start, as this
process will present a significant step towards ensuring more adequate participation in
conservation and tourism. Finally, the researcher recommends that further studies should be
conducted to engage in evaluation of impacts and successes of governmental policy of 5%
revenue sharing, which should be implemented in communities around Akagera National
Park.
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Rurangwa, Mugisha. "An analysis of tourism economic development in the Northern Province of Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1578.
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Thesis (MTech(Tourism and Hospitality Management))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011<br>For many developing countries such as Rwanda, tourism has been viewed as one of the most lucrative industries to diversify the economy, create jobs and enhance the general welfare of people living in dire poverty. This research focused on tourism economic development in the Northern Province of Rwanda. This study also considered documentary and empirical research by examining existing literature. The survey used three types of questionnaires as the data collection method. Questionnaires considered views of tourists in the Northern Province of Rwanda; tourism business owners/managers in the Northern Province, and the Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation in the Northern Province. Data collected was presented, analysed and interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18 (SPSS). Findings revealed that tourism does contribute to economic development in the Northern Province. Results reveal that the number of tourists in the Northern Province is increasing; tourism businesses are also increasing thus creating jobs for local people. Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation in the Northern Province is involved in five projects that promoted job creation and improved the lives of local people in the province. Findings revealed that the Rwanda Development Board/Tourism and Conservation and tourism business employ 75% employees that are originally from the Northern Province. The study further suggests the diversification in tourism products and services, recommends the promotion of domestic tourism and the consumption of local products.
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Safari, Ernest. "Perceptions of the accomodation sector regarding the tourism value chain with specific reference to the Western Province of Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1600.
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Thesis ( M Tech( Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011<br>This study investigates the perceptions of the accommodation sector regarding the tourism value chain in the Western Province of Rwanda. The fact that the study could assist local communities with poverty alleviation in Rwanda has raised the issue of how the perceptions of the accommodation sector could be used to enhance the value chain so that it would benefit all the participants in the industry in that province.The study is undertaken to improve the understanding of the perceptions held by accommodation service providers regarding the tourism value chain. In order to achieve this, the researcher set out to gain a greater knowledge of tourism development planning, as well as to investigate the possible socio-cultural, economic and political impacts that could follow the effective implementation of the tourism value chain on the accommodation sector. Both the positive and the negative impacts of a tourism value chain on the local communities in Western Province of Rwanda were examined.In terms of the national tourism policy, tourism has become a priority. It is regarded as an economic activity that can contribute more than any other sector to poverty alleviation. This study therefore examines the current perceptions held by the practitioners of the industry as they develop tourism products and services in the country. In addition, the study examines the key benefits and concerns of the accommodation establishments about the tourism value chain
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Nahimana, Francine Mahoro. "The attitude and perception of local and international tourists regarding the protection of the genocide memorial sites in Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1577.
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Thesis (MTech(Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011<br>Rwanda is a low income, landlocked and heavily populated country in Sub-Sahara Africa. Regardless of its majestic landscape, rich history and culture, it is not a country that is recognized as a tourism destination. Instead, Rwanda has become known for the genocide that took place in 1994 when over one million people were killed in within a hundred day period while the rest of the world watched in silence. Since then, Rwanda has been trying to uplift its image and economy. However, unlike other African countries, Rwanda does not have mineral resources and has to focus on improving its tourism to attract more people and thereby more funds into the country. Developing tourism can play a major role in reducing the poverty level, creating employment as well as contributing to the country’s revenue. So far Rwanda has strongly relied on its famous mountain gorillas to attract tourists which can be an expensive exercise for tourists in Rwanda. By creating a more diversified number of attractions, the number of tourists to the country should increase thereby injecting much needed capital into the economy. After the 1994 genocide, Rwanda inherited several genocide sites that have been preserved by government to remind people of the massacre that took place. Even though these sites are not used for tourism gain, they are acquiring popularity as tourists to Rwanda become aware of them and the history applicable thereto. This study has been undertaken to find ways to conserve, protect and market the genocide memorial sites as tourism destinations. It is important that these heritage museums be acknowledged through the World Heritage Organisation as authentic and educational facilities for future generations to enjoy. The research project was conducted in the Kigali and Bugesera areas. A sample of three hundred and sixty (360) questionnaires was given out to participants, and a total of a hundred and fifty-seven (157) were returned, coded and analysed. Data analysis applying descriptive statistics was utilised to acquire the frequencies, which were conveyed in percentages. The study disclosed that generally tourists were impressed by the genocide memorial sites and felt that it would be of great use to protect and market them as tourism assets as they believe that many people will learn from the harsh historical event that took place in Rwanda. This investigative study could strongly benefit Rwanda in planning and deciding on an appropriate tourism marketing strategy for the genocide memorial site. The Rwandan Government, policy makers and tourism stakeholders have a lot to gain by addressing the issues that are slowing down the tourism industry. It is anticipated that when these barriers have been removed, it will add toward sustainable tourism development in Rwanda.
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Gatsinzi, Josephine. "The impact of the Hotel Sector on tourism development in Kigali." University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7791.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>The potential of tourism to contribute to economic growth in terms of increasing foreign exchange, creating employment opportunities, generation of government revenues, creating incomes, contribution to poverty reduction, acting as a catalyst of economic development and stimulation of investments have been advanced as the reasons for government support for tourism. It is against this background that countries in Africa such as Rwanda have implemented economic reforms such as privatisation and liberalisation in order to improve the investment climate. The main purpose of this study was to provide a detailed literature account of the tourism investment environment in developing countries, to examine opportunities, constraints and challenges of the hotel investors in Kigali, examine the role of government in
providing a conducive investment climate for hotel investors in Kigali and to investigate the impact of the hotel sector on tourism development in Kigali, Rwanda. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect the data. Data were collected through questionnaires to hotel investors and interviews to government policy makers. Findings suggest that tourism can contribute to economic development of developing countries through its benefits. Much as investing in tourism has positive developmental
aspects to developing countries, tourism investment environment in developing countries has been constrained by various reasons such as inadequate financial institutions, constant political instabilities, lack of adequate tourism infrastructure, lack of human resource, small market size, poor tourism planning to mention but a few. Various investment opportunities are available in Rwanda. Progress in economic
performance, political stability, recognition of tourism as an engine of Rwanda's economic growth, the geographical location (in the centre) and the fact that tourism is still a virgin industry present important opportunities for potential investors in Rwanda's hotel sector. Despite the existence of investment opportunities, investors in Rwanda's hotel sector have faced problems such as the continued poor image of the country, lack of tourism infrastructure, the nature of the position of the country (land locked) lack of skilled personnel and lack of proper tourism information. The challenge for Rwanda is therefore to improve her image abroad that was formerly tarnished by the 1994 war and .
genocide. Improvement in infrastructure, human resource and proper methods of tourism information can also lead to improved investments in the tourism sector. Findings have further suggested that hotels in Kigali have indeed contributed to tourism development. Effects of the hotel sector have been noticed in urban tourism development, development of the tourism infrastructure in Kigali, creation of employment opportunities for the communities, generation of government revenues and contribution to poverty
alleviation.
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Davis, Shannon. "The Ma(r)king of memory and the right to remember: design, interpretation and the movement of meaning. An investigation into the role of design in shaping Euro-Western experience and interpretation of the post genocide memoryscapes of Cambodia and Rwanda." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1392.
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Bearing witness to tragedy, the aftermath of genocide often resides quite evidently within the landscape. A potent container of memories and representation, the landscape provides both a symbolic role in which to honour the victims and give survivors a place to mourn and remember, but is also often infused with the tensions of post-genocide life. The memoryscapes of the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides illustrate these contested concerns explicitly. The case study sites investigated in this study - the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and the Choeung Ek Genocidal Centre in Cambodia, and the Kigali Memorial Centre in Rwanda - each express today (consciously or unconsciously) design strategies that engage the Euro-Western visitor. Termed Euro-Western ‘cues to connect’, encountered and existential phenomenological data is analysed in relation to design interpretation and the affective cognition of meaning. Finally, considered in relation to Berlin’s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, post genocide memorialisation is analysed in its ability to connect through time and culture - through its ability to transpose interpretations and evolve as the needs of society change.
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Mazimhaka, Joan. "The Potential Impact of Domestic Tourism on Rwanda’s Tourism Economy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2069.
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Student Number :0418716K -
MA research report -
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies -
Faculty of Humanities<br>As a continuously growing industry worldwide, tourism has often demonstrated its role as a
vital tool in the advancement of economies through direct domestic and foreign exchange
earnings and through the employment and investment opportunities it can generate. African
countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, often over-reliant on one or two sectors for
economic development, have recognised the potential of the tourism industry to diversify
local economies and contribute to poverty alleviation, economic regeneration and stability,
affording many Africans the opportunity to participate in and benefit from tourism.
The participation of local populations in Africa’s tourism industries, however, is often limited
to employment opportunities. Travel by local tourists is often overlooked by members of the
tourism industry, and is often considered a luxury by many in the local population. The role of
domestic tourism and its importance for the creation of a sustainable tourism industry has
been widely acknowledged, but limited writings on the subject exist and few tourism policies
include domestic tourism, neglecting its potential.
The emergence of a new African middle-class, equipped with more of a disposable income
and influenced by Western lifestyles, has proven that such potential does in fact exist. Those
living in Africa as well as members of the Diaspora have shown more of an interest in leisure
travel and represent a new tourism market. Globally, the impact of domestic tourism has
been shown to have had a great impact on the tourism economies of several countries,
demonstrating that African countries can only serve to benefit from participating in domestic
tourism.
This research report provides a case study of Rwanda, an African country emerging from
war and devastation, aiming to rebuild itself economically, socially and politically. The
country has chosen tourism as one of its main economic drivers for poverty reduction and
economic development. While the industry is succeeding, an over-reliance on international
visitors in such a volatile region threatens the sustainability of the industry. The development
of a domestic tourism industry, as has been demonstrated in other countries, offers the
opportunity to generate a more diverse and economically sustainable domestic tourism
industry. This research focuses on the potential impact of such a domestic tourism industry
on Rwanda’s tourism economy and as a result, on the country’s economy as a whole.
Books on the topic "Tourism – Rwanda"
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Nzabonimpa, J. Souvenirs du Rwanda: Histoire culture et tourisme. Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 2011.
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Hitchcott, Nicki. Rwanda Genocide Stories. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381946.001.0001.
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This book provides an in-depth analysis of fictional responses written in response to the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Through the course of the book, the reader is taken on a journey from the events leading up to the genocide, the horrific massacres that were carried out against the Tutsi population, and finally to modern-day Rwanda, where the country comes to terms with a brutal episode in its recent past. Nicki Hitchcott focuses her analytic study on a group of African authors, including Rwandans, who were brought together as part of the Rwanda: écrire par devoir de mémoire initiative in 1998 to write a variety of works to commemorate and reflect on the genocide. Hitchcott organises her analysis of each imagined work in to the context of tourists, witnesses, survivors, victims and perpetrators, whilst carefully examining the effects that an author’s positionality has on their response to the genocide. In addition to this, Hitchcott calls in to question the ethical issues raised when writing fiction based on the genocide, and how the reader becomes implicated by studying the works of fiction based on it. Above all, this work serves as a testimony to the range and diversity of genocide fiction written by African authors, and how the works they have produced enables a country to move forward.
Book chapters on the topic "Tourism – Rwanda"
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Munanura, Ian E., and Kenneth F. Backman. "Rwanda, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_622-1.
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Munanura, Ian E., and Kenneth F. Backman. "Rwanda." In Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_622.
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Bentley, Michelle. "Experiencing Rwanda: Understanding Mass Atrocity at Nyamata." In Virtual Dark Tourism. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74687-6_9.
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Werdler, Karel. "Birdwatching Tourism Sector in Rwanda: The Need of Self-learning and Self-improving for the Future of Wildlife Tourism Development?" In Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55574-4_4.
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Ndikumana, Celestin, and Rama Rao Bokka. "Tourism as Emerging Industry in Rwanda: The Role of Training and Development for the Hotel Sector." In Frontiers in African Business Research. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1727-8_11.
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Friedrich, Mona, Philip R. Stone, and Paul Rukesha. "Dark Tourism, Difficult Heritage, and Memorialisation: A Case of the Rwandan Genocide." In The Palgrave Handbook of Dark Tourism Studies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47566-4_11.
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Ansoms, An. "Dislodging Power Structures in Rural Rwanda: From ‘Disaster Tourist’ to ‘Transfer Gate’." In Emotional and Ethical Challenges for Field Research in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137263759_4.
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Hitchcott, Nicki. "Tourists." In Rwanda Genocide Stories. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381946.003.0003.
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Chapter two examines the concept of tourists and insiders versus outsiders in relation to the Rwanda genocide, and how these themes create anxiety in the works of fiction being analysed. In the first instance, Hitchcott analyses the writing group behind the ‘Rwanda: écrire par devoir de mémoire’ initiative. Hitchcott highlights these authors’ ambivalent positions in regards to the genocide, their position as ‘tourists’ when writing about it and the authorial and ethical anxieties that arise when writing genocide fiction. Hitchcott then proceeds with analysis of the morally ambiguous tourism industry in Rwanda centred on the genocide, culminating in the question: where does commemoration end and exploitation begin?
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Hitchcott, Nicki. "Victims." In Rwanda Genocide Stories. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381946.003.0006.
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Chapter five focuses on the commemoration of the genocide victims and how commemorative artworks, including the narratives written by the ‘Rwanda: Ecrire par devoir de mémoire’ writing group, function as memorials to the deceased. Hitchcott also analyses how the selected body of Rwandan genocide fiction serves as a way to remember each victim as an individual, as opposed to one of one million estimated to have been killed. Hitchcott also examines the efforts in Rwanda today to restore dignity and humanity to the victims in juxtaposition to the commodification of their death as a result of the growing tourism industry. By reading, and therefore participating in the narratives, Hitchcott implies that the remembrance of the genocide should be considered as a shared human experience as opposed to a uniquely ‘African’ phenomenon.
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"Genocide tourism in Rwanda: contesting the concept of the ‘dark tourist’." In Dark Tourism. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315575865-17.
Full textReports on the topic "Tourism – Rwanda"
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Foster, Christopher, and Mark Graham. The Internet and Tourism in Rwanda: Value Chains and Networks of Connectivity-Based Enterprises in Rwanda. Unknown, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii170.
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