Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourisme – Aspect économique – Tunisie'
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Gabsi, Abdallah. "Le Tourisme : croissance, développement et progrès dans le contexte de la mondialisation : mythe ou réalité? : le cas de la Tunisie de 1959 à 2004." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2007.
Full textBaccour, Hentati Mouna. "Le choix d'une destination touristique : Etude des déterminants de choix du service touristique tunisien par les touristes européens." Corte, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CORT1034.
Full textThe behavior of a tourist in the choice of his destination is a complex phenomenon that requires the consideration of several internal and external systems to the individual. The objective of our Thesis is to create a model of synthesis (in relation to the literature) permitting to fear this behavior. This conceptual model has been applied on a european tourist sample (200 persons) in the choice of Tunisia, inspiring from Churchill's methodology (1979) enriched by certain statistical treatments driving to a set of results exploited for managerial and marketing implications
Ouerfelli, Chokri. "La saisonnalité dans les séries temporelles : étude théorique et appliquée au tourisme tunisien." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE003.
Full textThe study of seasonal non stationary time series showed a deterministic and/or stochastic seasonality which may be the origin of observable variations of economic time series. It establishes that official seasonal adjustment methods lead to severe distortions of data. Then, seasonality must not be considered as an independent phenomena ; it can transmit information about economic agents behaviours. We judged necessary to include seasonality in our empirical analysis of tourist time series. This means to analyse the mechanisms of seasonal behaviours tourist activity. We have specified the nature of seasonal behaviour of stay demand with recent tools of monthly time series analysis. Raw data in logarithm (tourist expenditures, price, income, guest- nights, reception capacity,. . . ) Are studied in the context of classic theory of demand and supply- induced demand theory. The results of unit root tests show that most of tourist series were generated by non stationary process where seasonality is both stochastic and deterministic. Lee's (1992) strategy allows to estimate cointegrating relations at several frequencies. Error correction models were derived for endogenous variables. Another modelling methodologies, allow to apprehend tourist series variability, were proposed. We retained Harvey's (1990) structural time-series modelling approach and box and Jenkins (1976) arima models. Specifications reduced forms, based on diagnostic checking tests, showed their ability to adequacy fit tourist demand. The comparison of different models were amply contributed to refine empirical results especially for demand elasticity to explanatory variables, and to improve the forecasting accuracy of results
Souissi, Mohamed. "Le tourisme international en Tunisie : vers de nouvelles formes et la réorganisation de l’espace touristique." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040036.
Full textThe recorded performance of Tunisian tourism, the role of the different actors and the economic, sociocultural and spatial impact of seaside tourism have been highly recognized in Tunisia for 40 years. However there is a certain number of constraints mainly related to the economic functioning, the spatial organization of the tourist activity, the marketing of the product and competition the Mediterranean region. In this context, the question of new forms of tourism is one of the concerns of Tunisian tourist administration which is trying to diversify the branches of the seaside product and to reconfigure the international tourist space through the development of new tourist practices such as cultural and saharian tourism, not to mention health tourism (thalassotherapy and thermalism), tourism resting upon nature (green tourism) and sport and leisure tourism (golf and sailing). This thesis will focus on the investigation of the functioning of seaside tourism, its stakeholders and its impact on the Tunisian scene. The difficulties in the way of the development of the tourist sector will be analysed in terms of the organisation, commercialisation and positioning vis a vis other Mediterranean countries. It will explore the state of affairs in new tourist practices and propose a new spatial dynamic of the international tourism in Tunisia
Abichou, Hanane. "La valorisation du patrimoine vecteur de développement local durable : quelles retombées économiques et quel dispositif institutionnel ? : cas du sud-est tunisien." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10020.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to reflections on the local development of marginalized areas. The objective is to identify through economic criteria , social and cultural indicators and associated types of effects induced by the development of heritage tourism in the territory of south-eastern Tunisia. The economic benefits created by Ksour (typical monuments of southern Tunisia and purpose of our research) depend on the ability of this heritage to attract visitors and his ability to encourage local investors to help finance backup this patrimony. In economic terms, the value of heritage is its attraction value and its power to induce a monetary contribution to its users in order to safeguard it. Our proposal is to involve all stakeholders in heritage preservation. This research has helped identify ways of thinking about new strategies for valorization and safeguard of local heritage. A monetary contribution of all professionals and pricing for access to the monuments of the region for tourists will involve all stakeholders in the development of this area. The estimated potential monetary contribution reflects, in some way, the value given to these heritage sites. Our proposal for the establishment of a fee for use of patrimony by the professionals, and practice of municipal pricing for access to ksour, until now free, have been fairly well received by respondents. The new revenue will be used for maintenance and enhancement of the patrimony of the region
Souissi, Amel. "Enjeux économiques et environnementaux du tourisme en Tunisie : le cas de l’oasis de Tozeur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE004.
Full textTourism, the world's leading industry with 1186 million international arrivals in 2015, is recognized as the priority sector of development of the LCDs (Least Developed Countries) through its direct, indirect and induced effects. Since the late 1960s, Tunisia has opted for a development strategy based on tourism activities. Since the early 1970s, tourism has been a key sector of the Tunisian economy: the deficit’s rate of coverage of the payments’ balance reached 97.7% in 1988. However, since the early 2000s, Tunisian tourism suffers from a low quality brand image, a strong dependence on the European market and major tour operators and a lack of diversification. The achievements of this sector, which has been for a long time considered as a vector of economic growth, seem to be overestimated.To overcome these problems, the State has chosen, since the late 1980s, a national strategy of diversification through the setting in tourism of Southern Tunisia. Currently, this part of the country became a tourist area of high standards including a golf course of 150 hectares and an international airport. However, the choice of tourism-oriented development is of concern, given the characteristics of the Saharan environment and the way in which Saharan tourism is marketed.This thesis aims to analyze, from an economic point of view, and to evaluate the suitability and relevance of the strategic choices which have been made in the tourism sector, particularly in the Saharan zone, taking into account the nature of the milieu characterized by an arid climate. The economic, environmental and social impact of tourism on these fragile environments could be particularly critical.Economically: on the one hand, this choice corresponds to a commodification of an exhaustible natural stock, whose existence is conditioned by access to water, which has created rivalry and conflicts in the use of the resource between the two sectors, namely, tourism and agriculture. On the other hand, the short duration of stay which does not exceed on average 1.3 days, can limit the positive fallout of tourism in these regions.Environmentally: the rival but not exclusive character of water would place it in the category of "common goods" whose availability can be influenced by the "mass effects", which leads us to consider a risk of "tragedy of commons".Socially: in addition to the social distortions that can arise in situations of usage conflicts around the resource, the jobs created in this sector are seasonal and low-skilled, which may negatively affect a real local development process in these regions.In our analyses, we used several theoretical and empirical methodological tools and approaches within a macroeconomic framework. We have mainly used cointegration techniques and error correction models adapted to the study of time series in addition to statistical analyses over the period between 1970 and 2014
Gardalli, Mongi. "Effets des changements économiques et socio-culturels sur le secteur de l'artisanat textile à Khniss dans le Sahel tunisien." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-3.pdf.
Full textOueslati, Slaheddine. "Stratégie de communication promotionnelle d'une destination touristique. Étude de cas du produit tunisien de 1997 à la révolution." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030167.
Full textTunisia, 3000 years old, with its world famous archeological treasures, has been counting on tourism since the early years of its independence in 1956. The "touristic establishments" number from 85 in 1965 to 856 in 2011, and the number of visitors exceeded 7 millions for a population of 10.5 millions. A record. The number of overnights went up to 35.5 millions dinars in takings. In spite of these performances, the Tunisian product has remained mainly in the beach and spa sector and attracted in majority the European market: the French and the Germans. When facing the severe competition of the Mediterranean Basin, the Tunisian product has shown a certain stagnation, if not a decrease. The aim of our research is to concentrate on one essential point concerning the success, or the failure, of any touristic product: that is the strategy of promotional communication. Which are its basises in Tunisia ? How are they operated ? The failures ? The remedies ? At the time when the authorities count on a positive evolution, with the hope of reaching the number of 10 millions tourists in 2016, a Revolution comes to a surprise to the country and to the world. Structures and habits were obviously shaken and waves of violence swept to the industry of tourism which was the first one to suffer from it. The elections of the Constituent Assembly will bring to power an islamist majority who does not readily agree with the policy of openess which had been historically undertaken in the country. This is the price to be paid for the democracy hoped for by the people, which did upset the sector of tourism, and also our work which was about to be completed. It has, actually, made our research the more interesting and exciting. This is the research that we submit in this thesis
Jouini, Nizar. "Impact of service trade liberalization for developing countries : Evidence form Tunisia." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1006/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the effects of trade service liberalization in Tunisia. Using a DGSE model, the first chapter studies the overall effect of service liberalization on economic growth while considering the non-tariff barriers preventing investors to access this market. The second chapter analyzes the particular case of the banking sector liberalization by estimating its effect on capital accumulation. In particular, it suggests that increasing bank competition via liberalization is benefitting to the Tunisian banking sector up to a doubling of its capital accumulation. The third chapter shall estimate the direct and indirect effect of air transport liberalization on tourist flows in the southern Mediterranean countries. The agreements signed by these countries will be considered as well as those signed between third countries. In particular, when these third countries have transit airports through which pass tourists to visit Mediterrenean countries, liberalization can also be beneficial to the latter. For this purpose we have collected an original database to account for all of these agreements. Our results show that the liberalization of the service sector in Tunisia has a positive effect and depends mainly on the performance of the goods sector as well as the value of non-tariff barriers, evaluated at 37% of total of production. Morever, the liberalization of the Tunisian banking sector has a positive impact on capital accumulation running up to about 200 % of the current accumulation. Finally, the study of air transport liberalization on tourism shows that there is an increase in tourist flows using direct and indirect routes. The direct effect (following one unit increase of the liberalization index) increases the tourist flows by 3 to 4 percent, while the indirect effect is between 2 and 3 percent
Dribek, Abderraouf. "Vers un tourisme durable en Tunisie : le cas de l'île de Djerba." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0080/document.
Full textTourism is a significant resource for Tunisia. Its economic impacts on the country are considerable (6% of GDP and over 386 000 direct and indirect jobs in 2009). But today, the tourism sector is facing many difficulties. This thesis is part of a plan to boost tourism in Tunisia. It is structured in two parts. The first diagnosis of the Tunisian tourism sector shows that it suffers on two levels: strategic (management is left to the private sector without government intervention, which leads to low profitability of some hotels, a high debt because of the pricing practice and the family business model) and qualitative (over-reliance on the Fordist model). The thesis discusses the limitations of Fordism quantitative, and demonstrates that a new reading of the tourism market is needed to achieve sustainable economic performance. From this perspective, the implementation of economic and environmental assessments is required. In the second part on the thesis, envisions a new trajectory for a specific territory (Djerba Island), it is to think of new trajectories. The work demands the search of relevant indicators of economic and environmental quality in order to assess the best methodologies to improve the assessment of the profitability of the tourism sector. Economically, the study proposes a new method for assessing the economic impact of tourism on the island of Djerba. This method called "method of the masses", builds on the theory of growth or development. It requires the determination of direct, indirect and induced activities. The indicators measured are: Value Added (VA), Earnings Before Interests, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Employment (E). The results show that the most direct activities that generate wealth and jobs are hotels. For indirect activities, it is the consumption of food products, agricultural products and fisheries. These results may provide a basis upon which for policy-makers may evaluate future tourism development projects. In terms of assessing the importance of the environment, it allows the Djerbian tourism to defend its future. This evaluation will also examine the environmental dimension and provides an analysis of regulatory instruments in place in Djerba and seeks to integrate new instruments proposed by the World Tourism Organization which objective is to search for sustainable development of tourism activity to conserve the natural wealth of the island
Essouaid, Dhia elhak. "Traits d’interprétations paysagères d’une ville touristique en mutation et évocation d’un tourisme de luxe applicable à une structure hôtelière implantée à la banlieue Nord de Tunis." Thesis, Angers, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02136793.
Full textThis work tries to detect the real apparent and latent potentialities of a renewed tourism in two remarkable sites of Tunisia. On the one hand, the hotel chain of the city of Sousse, in connection with the Medina, and on the other hand, the coveted restructuring project for a luxury hotel located in the northern cost of Tunis. It should be noted that this research raises an urgent approach to meet the new requirements for the development and sustainability of tourist landscapes. In this case, Tunisia is a favorite field of application and a predictor of plausible modern horizons for differential spatial scales. Both sites have resources of natural, patrimonial, identity and socio-economic wealth. It has been a question of grasping the various structural and institutional developments of Tunisian tourism, its strengths and its constraints, especially after the period of the Arab spring termed a period of "hesitation". Already, it turns out the simplistic role of the state by articulating the relative rules of control and partial assistance for the development of this economic resource. The private sector has not yet revealed real recovery and recovery capabilities; their actions remain globally chimerical. It is in this context that our research work, which aims to set up a new model of luxury tourism, reinforces the attraction of these hotels and allows them to attribute a cultural and heritage character through a choice of two judicious sites. At the level of the city of Sousse: the methodology followed, is based on a classification of the hotels which lived a total demolition and reconstruction; hotels that have had a partial or interior renovation while preserving the facades; hotels that have kept the original state and hotels that have changed main business. The partial observable dysfunction of the tourist activity requires elements of urgent answers regarding the aspirations and the development of the relations between the hotel structures and the other components of the city, in particular, its Medina. The Medina Rehabilitation Project is an example that can offer another image of a multi-cultural landscape and animation. Today, the diversification of tourism products and services is a necessity, to avoid the uni-functional model based on mass seaside tourism. The latter must be revised while adopting strategies of multifunctionality and territorial valorisation. Surveys undertaken directly from the SERVQUAL grid, have shown that the effort deployed remains below the norms, we record significant indicators. For the northern cost of Tunis: currently, the world of tourism is changing, which has led us to choose a hotel structure being converted into a "luxury hotel". Determinants have been identified to define the design and creation components of this new tourist tropism. A multi-scale benchmark test is proposed so that it is a decision-making scheme for a renovation program in "luxury hotels" in Tunisia. An attempt at labeling was considered "nTulux" to prescribe recommendations and new benchmarks to the Tunisian tourism industry
Othmani, Wadie. "Pratiques et moments touristiques des Tunisiens et des Maghrébins dans la métropole de Tunis." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0032/document.
Full textTourism contributes more than 15% of Tunisia's national GDP (WTTC, 2017: p 1). This sector, since its creation in the mid-seventies, has always been one of the most important engines of the country's economy. Since the beginning of the two thousand years, the model, based on the marketing of classic products [4 S: sea, sun, sand (beach), sand (desert)] to a predominantly Western clientele, has reached saturation. During this period, the fall began to feel until reaching a critical situation aggravated by the terrorist events that the country suffered in 2015. To cope with this situation, the actors of the sector went to exhaust in their strategic reserve that was nothing but the national tourist and the Maghreb tourist, mainly Algerians and Libyans: immediate neighbors of Tunisia. Currently, these tourists represent the nationalities most present in post-revolution Tunisia. This doctoral thesis examined the subject through the use of analyzes of official statistical documents, interviews with the various actors who act on the Tunisian tourism sector, observations targeting several major tourist sites in the Tunis metropolis and a statistical survey. The targeted tourist population is rich and varied since it concerns Tunisians (national tourists), Algerians, Libyans, Moroccans, Mauritanians and the Maghreb diaspora, which comes mainly from countries outside the territory of the Greater Maghreb, mainly 'West. As a result, we began by refuting the thesis adopted by Western researchers claiming that access to tourism for developing societies is a recent phenomenon. Subsequently, we presented how these Maghreb tourists consume the space of Greater Tunis and in what places they focus. The thesis also made it possible to draw profiles of Maghreb tourists. This profiling is based on the age, gender, socio-professional category and country of origin of the tourist. In other words, this analysis meets the needs of a current national and North African tourist population, but it also considers itself a strategic study for the tourist population of the future: young adults and adults who will be older
Marzouki, Mehdi. "Analyse économique des perspectives de durabilité du tourisme : le cas de Tabarka (Tunisie)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS029S.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the issue of the sustainability of tourism development in the case of Tabarka in Tunisia. The development of Tabarka has sought to break with the traditional model of Eastern, using a differentiated tourism with the valorization of natural environment. If this development had suggested integration into a virtuous circle of development of tourism which may initiate a beginning of convergence towards a sustainable tourism development, the connection leading to seaside tourism questions the break with the traditional model poles of the East. Therefore, this PhD dissertation deals with the prospects of tourism development to Tabarka in connection with this break and the issues associated with it in terms of sustainability
Prin, Florence. "Deux contributions à l'analyse économique du tourisme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24026.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to realize an economic analysis of tourism based on empirical and theoretical studies that show a significant potential of tourism for growth in developed and developing countries. In the first part, the contribution of tourism in advanced economies is analyzed in the frameworks of computable general equilibrium model measuring the impacts of tourist investments on the employment in France. This model allows understanding of transmission channels from tourism expansion to economic growth. The second part aims to determine the potential of tourism for the economic growth in developing countries. Theoretical and empirical studies are undertaken to find out the essential conditions for the expansion of the tourism sector which brings growth and sustainable development and allows those countries to take advantage from international exchanges. This part focuses in particular on the importance of terms of trade and proposes, through the example of Senegal, a computable general model that shows the negative impacts of a deterioration of terms of trade for developing countries
Gold-Dalg, Valérie. "Tourisme et spécialisation internationale." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10034.
Full textTourism is one of the sectors that has known the fastest development since the second world war. Almost every single country is affected by international exchanges in tourism. These countries aspire to a better understanding of the complexity of such exchanges of which the economical and social impact is undeniable. By using the tools of the international trade theory, one of the approaches to understand a phenomenon of such complexity involves searching for the causes of touristic exchanges to inducing the international specialization of these countries. Tourism is dependent on service activities, but the theories of international specialization and their empiral verifications originally concerned more the tangible goods than the services. However, these theories have aptly explained the international exchanges in tourism, despite their specific nature. The increasing complexity of such exchanges allows the consideration not only of the notion of national comparative advantage, as suggested by these theories, but also the notion of comparative advantage at a world level, in order to determine the international flows of tourism. In the international tourism field, this notion allows, more precisely, an extension of the international trade theories at the world level rather than their rejection. This empirical study was carried out on about twenty America countries. It concerns the indicator calculations and the econometric model estimations that respectively permit an economic analysis of international touristic flows and an explanation of two-sided exchanges of tourism with international specialization determinants
Sultan, Thaer. "L' économie du tourisme et ses impacts : étude sur deux exemples : la France et la Syrie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32014.
Full textSyria possesses a rich historic, cultural and natural inheritance. But this capital remains still uncultivated because is missing a clear and an active strategy allowing to develop this sector. The central question which arises: why, with all the advantages which Syria possesses, tourism remains incapable to take its place in the Syrian economy?And which strategy is it necessary to apply in Syria to throw tourist development? We analyze French tourist economy, French model of tourism, applied tourist strategies, way of resolving problems to attract the recommendations and the lessons of this experience which we can adjust to the Syrian case. We present at first a review in the tourist literature, the offer, the demand, the weight economic of the tourism and its impacts
Marques, Bruno. "Flux touristique international et croissance économique de long terme : Dynamique de la fréquentation touristique et du revenu per capita." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0267.
Full textInternational tourism generates a specific international trade where only customers move. The dissertation analyzes Tourism Led Growth considering this peculiarity. Long run dynamics characteristics between tourism arrivaIs and per capita output are the cornerstone objective of the research. Varied situations are modeled in a general equilibrium context: one and two sectors economies; physical capital accumulation (private and public) as weIl as innovation mechanics of growth. The examination of international tourism arrivaIs effects on long run growth is conducted with both exogenous [as described by the Tourism Area Life Cycle in Butler (1980)] and endogenous tourism flow (depending on public capital and constrained by accommodation capacity). Each situation brings specific results. From the one sector model with capital accumulation, a direct link equation between per head output and tourism arrivaIs is derived. Caribbean countries data validate the theoretical approach. Specializing effects of international of tourism arrivaIs on the basis of two sectors model depend on technological parameters of the goods consumed by the visitors. Tourism Led Growth based on public capital accumulation and innovation mechanics of growth reveal country scale effect. Market power practice is also a consequence of international tourism arrivaIs, which should be outweighed by technical progress or by labor productivity out of public capital effect. Theoretical contribution of the dissertation exceeds the results of each specific model. Tourism Led Growth is characterized as endogenous growth with a declining rate of growth
Leblanc, Marc. "Le tourisme et les loisirs des personnes âgées du Nouveau-Brunswick." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX32038.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to develop tourism and leisure scenario for older people living in the canadian province of new brunswick. National surveys were analysed and persons working for public and private agencies were interviewed. After a final scenario was selected, many trends were identified. Also the traditional 4 p (product, price, place and promotion) were analysed in relation with the leisure and tourism behaviour of older people
Benraïss, Amina. "Tourisme, développement et balance des paiements : cas du Maroc, 1970-1985." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10023.
Full textFor the last few years, tourism has become one of the major preoccupations of the government. It is seen as a "key industry", whose development will have repercussions throughout all the economic activity. A part of the world politics of economic and social development, it is considered as a very effective way of redressing the balance of payments and compensating for deficits in other areas. However, morocco's dependance on tourism for the international economy is a precarious situation, whose financial benefits may cease at any moment. The economic and financial model of the tourists entering morocco shows the dependance of national tourism on the economic situations in the visiter's countries. But more interestingly, it neveals the dangers in constructing a part of the economy to be wholly dependant on foreign demand, whose volume varies according to international circumstances
Hachicha, Nejib. "Stratégie de spécialisation internationale de la Tunisie : modèle économétrique d'aide à la décision." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090024.
Full textMaalel, Nabil. "Libéralisation de l'agriculture dans les pays en développement : analyse multimarchés appliquée au cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0065.
Full textOutamaldou, Mohamed. "L'Enclave touristique une introduction au cas du Maroc." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375950426.
Full textTeixeira, Pinto Dias Francisco. "Impacts et bénéfices perçus du tourisme et soutien des portugais à la touristification de l'arrière-paysAu-delà de la dichotomie touriste / résident." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0743.
Full textWhen studying tourism two approaches have been developing in parallel but separately: the first deals with different tourism impacts (economical, socio-cultural and ecological) in incoming areas; the second studies tourism itself and tourists behaviour, by analysing such issues as tourists motivation, the problematic of authenticity or tourism in the world economic system, among others. Efforts to integrate these two types of concerns are scarce. Our research – based on the acknowledged tourism impacts and on the attitude of the Portuguese in what regards tourism development of regions in the countryside of Portugal – tries to overcome the traditional tourist / resident antimony. Two empirical studies are presented which confirm the hypothesis that tourist motivation of residents becomes the main predictor of the support they grant to tourism development in their own regions. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that in modern society (in which culture is being influenced by tourism, social identity loses its traditional anchors due to growing geographic mobility and even to globalisation of lifestyle, etc. ), the categories of residents and visitors become interchangeable: today – a tourist; yesterday and tomorrow – a tourist, and viceversa. Therefore, the residents’ attitude in what concerns their regions in terms of tourism development depends more on the tourism attachment (motivations, representations, imaginary. . . ) than on the community attachment or on the way they understand and estimate tourism impacts on their regions
Diongue, Aissatou. "Tourisme durable : impasse ou levier de développement au Sénégal ?" Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040013.
Full textCaused a lot of ink to flow all around the world in developed countries as well as in developing ones. However, it should be noted that most of the studies made so far in the field of social sciences and based on works by anthropologists, economists, geographers, historians, or even sociologists have only been partially treating the subject. Most of the time, they only refer to economic aspects of the phenomenon and sometimes they just reflect stereotypes. Fast growing poverty in Southern countries and increasing disparities impose a new direction in such research, mainly towards the relationship between Tourism and Sustainable Development. Truly, Tourism seen as a possibility to reduce poverty in Southern Countries has reviewed classic paradigms that were so far associated with Tourism and Development Sociology. Establishing a relationship between Tourism and Development may seem obvious in as much as the tourism phenomenon has always been perceived as one bringing cash and currencies, thus rendering local micro-cultures even more fragile. The aim of this thesis is to approach scientifically the whole reality of connections between Sustainable Tourism and Development, starting from the multi-dimensional aspects of Tourism. Rather than providing ready-made answers, our approach will look at : 1-Identifying issues, 2-Shaping assumptions, 3-Opening up new ideas which we hope promising for a real political debate about "Sustainable Tourism and Development in Senegal" This approach and our questions will hopefully be discussed, deepened and further researched by others. I do hope my work will launch a true sociological debate on Tourism, so far absent of Senegalese intellectual circles
Muriithi, Joseph Kariuki. "Ecotourisme au Kenya : continuité, changements et défis des chevauchements des pratiques touristiques." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30090.
Full textLike many other countries, Kenya adopted ecotourism in the 1990s as a strategy to address environmental and development problems facing many of her tourism destinations. Today, close to two decades later, most of the problems that this new strategy sought to address still persist and most often they outshine the efforts of putting into place sustainable tourism practices. In the most popular protected areas (national parks and national reserves) where ecotourism is practised, there exist many contradictions where unsustainable practices associated with conventional tourism or mass tourism and many local community practices coexists side by side with sustainable practices associated with ecotourism. This situation is complicated further by the cutthroat competition between the various actors for nature based tourism businesses and a lack of clear government policy on which of the two forms of tourism the country should follow. The overall outcome is a do-it-your-way type of tourism practice in most destination areas. This thesis analyses the contradictory state of affairs as ecotourism and mass tourism compete for space and exploitation of natural resources thus creating a situation of overlapping unsustainable and sustainable tourism practices that distorts the common notion of Kenya as a true ecotourism destination. The analysis then concludes that the tensions between these two forms of tourism only serves to further confuse the realisation of sustainable ecotourism goals of generating benefits to local people and conserving environment in tourism destination areas. Eventually therefore, most of the Kenyan tourism destinations can only be regarded as “mass ecotourism destinations” contrary to the notion of ecotourism often presented in the marketing strategies of these destinations
Boussetta, Mourad. "Minorités religieuses et dynamiques identitaires en Tunisie : Ibadites et Juifs à l'épreuve du tourisme et de la révolution." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66673.
Full textIrep, Virgile. "Eco Tourisme et développement durable : l'éco Tourisme, atouts et limites du tourisme durable dans la caraïbe-micro insulaire : la Guadeloupe, St john et la Dominique." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0180.
Full textDifferent forms of tourism have been growing in the micro Caribbean islands for about three decades now, offering long-term development options to its populations. Ln Guadeloupe, Dominica or Saint-John - one of the American Virgin Islands- we have singled out sorne tangible examples in order to study the true capacity of this new sustainable tourism concept of ensuring development through ecotourism. After identifying the island environment in the Caribbean and the Lesser Antilles through a global presentation of both the physical and human factors, we first managed to draw up a typology of the main interests, revealing the real value of the sites of the sites for each of the chosen settings. Then, as far as employment is concerned, we have put the emphasis on any potential long-term effects. The study has been carried out in such a way that the first stage tackled in the study's general section places the Caribbean on a worldwide level in global tourisrn, by accentuating its damaging consequence' on the environment. Furthermore, the tourism approach in the Lesser Antilles allows us to assess the 'given situation and consider the prospects of a sustainable and fair trade tourism in Guadeloupe. The last section concerns two islands close to Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles: Saint- John, the National Park land and Dominica, which is still characterized by its wild and untamed nature
Pébarthe, Hélène. "Le Tourisme, moteur du développement de la République du Maurice ? : Un secteur à ménager, des lieux à intégrer." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040260.
Full textOver the last thirty years, international seaside tourism has contributed to the economic diversification of the Republic of Mauritius. Some local sugar groups have invested in tourism, thus giving the island an endogenous development, which makes of Mauritius a model. With the weakening of the sugar and the textile industries, tourism has become vital for the economy, and the coast has seen various and unplanned developments, due to the lack of control from the authorities. Tourism premises are more or less closed to the surrounding environment and to the local people. When comparing high-class hotels to the informal sector, which is more accessible to the locals, the above observation is more obvious. Mauritian tourism industry is nowadays facing spatial and social limits, due to a multicultural society living in a fragile stability and concerned about taking profit of seaside leasure. Since 1990, hotel groups have started to invest in the region, namely in Rodrigues and Seychelles, showing at the same time the reliability of the mauritian tourism industry and the limits it now encounters in Mauritius
Thomas, Frédéric. "Analyse méthodologique de la rente touristique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0060.
Full textThe general objective of this research is to develop a generalizable methodology of evaluating of the distribution of the rent of a tourist event, based mainly on bank deposits and credits of the Bank of France, and also to show its sectoral, geographical and temporal spillovers. This research is within the theoretical framework of the sustainable development concept; this is why one sticks to the notion of rent and not to that of impact. To achieve this, it appears necessary for us to recall the social, technological and industrial (concentration, segmentation, specialization) evolutions of the tourist phenomenon, i. E. , its aspects at public and private levels. This not only highlights the past and present weak awakening of the value of the factorial endowment of qualitative nature within the political and entrepreneurial decisions, but also in the field of economic evaluation. A review of the various economic models of tourism underlines the difficulties of integrating them into these models, and similarly to measure the distribution of the tourist rent. If the safeguarding of the natural and cultural assets can possibly slow down the speed of the returns on investment, it then remains a major factor of development. In a holistic approach, recommended within the framework of the analysis of tourism activity, an inter and multi-field methodology represent the most adapted method to study the sustainability of the tourist activity, its repercussions and its tangible and intangible specificities
Chouk, Souad. "Veille anticipative stratégique : processus d'attention à l'environnement : application à des PMI tunisiennes." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21011.
Full textAnticipative Environmental Scanning –Collective Intelligence is the collective and proactive process through which members of organization (or individuals sollicited by the firm) tracks and use relevant anticipative environmental informations. In the developping countries the unavailability of environmental information doesn't stimulate informational behavior. A Baiting Environmental Attention Process (B. E. A. PRO) is built in the context of a panel of 17 tunisian SMES. L. E. SCAnning® global method, namely the Puzzle® heuristics proposed for structuring the Collective Sensemaking (CS) central process of the VAS-IC® reference pattern is our first source of actionable knowledge. The other elements of our method come from the organizations and decision theories, social psychology and strategic management. Our research suggests that, under certain conditions and with some critical success factors, B. E. A. PRO might be an effective tactic of triggering a collective learning by doing process leading tunisian SMEs to question the existing way of seeing the environment
Wilhelm, Sabine. "Libéralisation commerciale et échanges internationaux : le cas de l'agriculture en Tunisie." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN20013/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the impact of trade liberalization in a developing country : Tunisia. The issue is as follows : is agricultural liberalization contributing to economic growth in Tunisia or is liberalization having such detrimental consequences, in particular given the stabilisation measures concerning Tunisia, which makes it impossible ? The liberalization of agricultural trade does not exclusively encompass the elimination of tariff or quantitative barriers regulated by the International Agreements. The multitude of trade barriers makes it difficult to aggregate and tally them. For the purposes of this thesis, we have used year 1994 as the temporal benchmark to compare Tunisian trade before and after the signing of the Marrakech Agreement. The method to carry out a totally longitudinal analysis and to use a temporal benchmark was not previously used when dealing with agricultural liberalization in Tunisia. Our results show that liberalization is in general favourable to economic growth and to the Tunisian trade. However, trade and growth are only partially explained in this longitudinal analysis. As a consequence, liberalization has a limited impact on the Tunisian trade and on the GDP. This analysis of partial equilibrium is completed by a computable general equilibrium model, which contains no Cobb-Douglas function or CES-CET elasticity. Against all odds, it shows that agricultural liberalization is compatible with the wish to limit the budget deficit in Tunisia. Liberalization can even improve economic growth, but also entails the risk of reduction in wages
Lapompe-Paironne, Lionel. "Tourisme de masse et tourisme alternatif : une approche géographique du tourisme par les pratiques : l'exemple de la randonnée en Languedoc-Roussillon." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2024.
Full textThe notion of alternative tourism is used both in colloquial language and written language, in reference to mass tourism notion. It rises particularly recently, about ten years ago, at the same time of « different » tourist practices which are variously named : green tourism, sustainable tourism, nature tourism, ecotourism…Our purpose is a theoretical approach, in order to give a definition of alternative tourism. Hiking, which can also be named trekking, seems to be a perfect example of alternative tourism, because it is a diffused, nomadic and wide spaces-based kind of tourism (especially in mountains, deserts, and polar regions). We analyse the specific geography of hiking and trekking, and also how the specialized tour-operators hold forth on tourism. Then, we work especially in Languedoc-Roussilon, which is an interesting French region case caracterized by mass tourism since the 1960’s. The coast of this region is irregularly dedicated to mass tourism, while the “hinterland” remains out of the way, and rather dedicated to nature-based tourism as hiking. We analyse the links between these two tourist practices using the concept of mobilité intra-touristique
Frini, Olfa. "Éducation, fécondité et croissance économique en Tunisie." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0472.
Full textHuman is the final benefit and the essential input of economic growth and development. Human capital as an economic growth driving force is strongly influenced by demographic variables. Family institution is a preliminary for human capital accumulation considering its fertility and education investment in its member's decision. Hence, human capital analysis leads necessary to endogenous population growth. Then, our interest is focused to human quantity and quality interaction. Our economic growth investigation is so conducted by analysing fertility as economic growth variable. Our essay is to put out fertility influences notably by its interaction with education in explaining economic performances. Referring to macro and micro economic family analysis, we verify education/fertility relationship and its contribution in the growth process in Tunisian case. A long and short dynamic quantitative analysis of fertility, education and growth equilibrium relationship over the period 1963-2007 is undertaken using times series technique. Although a quantitative analysis of actual, desired, their gap, natural and regulation fertility is applied using micro econometric models such as dichotomous model, count data model and duration model. It attests that Tunisian household behaviour is shaped by quantity-quality children trade-off and also highlights economic and sociocultural fertility determinants. These analyses give out policies matching family fertility behaviour in the development process
Liroy, Axel. "Le tourisme des Antilles françaises saisi par le droit économique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0015.
Full textSubject to a legal multidimensionality – including commerce, competition, taxation, environment, wage system, urban planning, fundamental rights and freedoms, police, folklore and customs valorisation, education, construction –, tourism synergizes public and private activities that are more or less closely related to economics. An ordered subordinate relationship creating barriers, although relatively justified in principle, to direct and free access to trade, frustating the economic player. It is the role of the economic public power. In the French West Indies, it produces a legal protectionism, radiant, variably distant from an economic basis versus a Caribbean more liberal and incomplete, that uses irrevocably distorting effect methods at a regional level, notably connected to economic needs. Propelled in current law practices in regard to their political nationality and inferences – there is a legal filiation between the French West Indies, France and, definetely, the European Union –, across the Caribbean, the French West Indies are marginal. A paradigm shift taken from a decentring movement (“to go out of oneself”) – earns its livelihood from the now globalized and interdependent society urging vulnerable economies to a useful regrouping – which requires surgical-like precision facing the threatening shadow of the French West Indies’ legal identity. This would lead to averting, at least in part, their marginality and, by ricochet, the marginality of their tourism approach. Regional integration, whose contractual formula – an alternative organisational method of the economy – is the figurehead by its force, intensity, diversity, flexibility, and bulkiness, while nowhere near to the panacea, has a decentring effect. It originates from the economic agreement, more accurately from its normative force. Contracted by the economic public entity – the State and/or its territorial dismemberments –, the treaty or international agreement notably refers to the conduct of common policies (e.g. environmental matters), circulatory fluidity and optimization (persons, goods, services), to reducing disparities in development, to protecting competition. Contracted by the private economic player – e.g. the parties to a franchise agreement –, under the guise of pursuing satisfaction of individual interests, it organises economic relations verging on knowledge transfer, co-branding, stimulating supply and demand, decreasing the cost of living through having economies of scale, of scope among other things. If mastered the decentring effect of the regional integration could represent an effective tool for a sustainable economy of the French West Indies’ tourism to a certain extent in the margin of (or, when possible, alternatively to) traditional processes
Chapeau, Gabriel. "Le tourisme et la mise en valeur des Pyrénées orientales espagnoles et andorranes." Toulouse le Mirail, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU21014.
Full textGadhoumi, Mahrezi Feriel. "Vers une évaluation économique de l’image de marque d’une destination touristique." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0063.
Full textTourist destinations have an image that, thanks to its persuasive power, is a distinctive advantage that allows for a favorable and sustainable positioning on the global tourism scene. However, the destination image no longer seems to be sufficient to cope with the economic ups and downs. Given the growing interest in performance measurement and the limitations of marketing evaluation methods, which are mostly descriptive (Carballo et al., 2011, 2015), and the difficulty of quantifying an image, the use of economic valuation is recommended (Carballo et al., 2011, 2015). It should be pointed out that this theme does not seem to be sufficiently addressed as it is justified by the scarcity of sources concerning it, except for the work done by a group of Spanish researchers in 2011 (Carballo et al., 2011) but from a different angle. Our study is structured around the concept of tourist destination and related concepts by highlighting the value of the image and its role in the process of choice, the contribution of the brand image in as a competitive advantage, without forgetting the problem of quantifying it. Tunisia and Spain, two competing destinations on the French market, chosen as a field of study, were in this respect subject to a dual marketing and economic evaluation. To do this, we choose respectively the differential semantic scale and the multi-attribute choice method that would best suit the purpose of our research. For the theoretical part, we rely on a thorough literature review and an exploratory approach; and for the empirical part of a comparative approach carried by a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results suggest that it is possible to be able to quantify the brand destination image considered, according to Amirou et al. (1995), as an "intangible asset", thanks to an economic valuation. The link of complementarity between the marketing valuation and the economic valuation, has been not confirmed
Cuvelier, Pascal. "L'économie des pratiques touristiques." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12019.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to built a theoritical analysis to understand how tourism economy grows and structures. Theoritical approaches to the study of tourism economy bring an approach of tourism consumption which is a microeconomic point of view. This approach remains useful to understand many practices but it presents several limitations to highlight diversity of tourists, their demands and consumption. Despite theses results, the concept of consumption prevents from providing the knowledge of this services sector. Using the concept of "practices" is more relevant. But, practices varie by society, by social group and by historical period. We must develop a theoritical approach which allows an historical and social dimension. The theory of the "regulation" seems to be an adequate theory to integrate this dimension and more specifically the analysis of the standards of consumption. Thanks to this approach, we can understand the crisis of some tourism patterns. We have examined in particular the situation in spanish tourism at the end of the 80's
Maalli, Hanen. "Le tourisme en Tunisie et la prise en compte du développement durable : le cas du tourisme saharien." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20020.
Full textSeveral states use tourism to energize their least-favored regions, with as purpose improving the economic performances of these territories, stimulating job creation and bringing in foreign currency. However, the development of tourism in these delicate regions is at the expense of an already fragile environment and is followed by a broad range of negative impacts, which slows or even blocks the good development of these territories. This work offers a transversal vision of tourism and sustainable tourism in the region of Djerid, an oasis territory in the South-East of Tunisia, based on specific methodological tools. These tools stress the twofold problem and offer a promoting tool in the shape of a scale of performance indicators. They are based on the active participation of all actors, actors usually put aside with such reflexions and taking little part in decision making for regional development. The aim of this work is to establish an action plan best adapted as possible for territorial issues, assist and guide actors all along the strategy for Saharan sustainable tourism
Kokel, Nadège. "Le Cap-Vert : mise en tourisme et enjeux de développement d'un petit espace archipélagique." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROF025.
Full textThe recent tourism development of Cape Verde, a small developing archipelagic state of the Atlantic Ocean, started off with the said “seaside resort” island of Sal and is today expanding to the other islands of the archipelago. The archipelagic nature, so far considered as a vulnerability factor, is becoming a strategic support to tourism expansion. The spatial discontinuity, the willingness of the various actors involved, the accessibility of the islands together with their accommodation capacity, their natural features and the recreation modalities preferentially related to them are as many elements which account for the differences in levels and types of tourism development between the islands. The spatialization of the tourist practices within the archipelago notably results in variable attendance rates, a differentiated integration of the tourist locations to the life spaces, and different environmental, social and economic effects from island to island. If the geographic analysis shows contrasting environmental results, the economic results display an undeniable growth since tourism contributed up to 18% to the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2006. The incomes generated by this activity, the resulting direct and indirect jobs together with the developments which tourism is funding make it an efficient device to face poverty and to improve infrastructures. Yet, the country has to find new solutions in order to incorporate its development into a long-term process, notably by promoting its attractiveness factors and by increasing the share of the domestic investments without deterring foreign investors who are the driving force behind its current development
Missaoui, Rafik. "Le secteur informel de l'énergie dans le pays en développement : cas du Maghreb : Tunisie et Maroc." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0579.
Full textThe modern energy sector organised as the occidental model ha many deficiencies in developing countries : a large part of population is out of the conventionalenergy network. The traditional energy sector, based on the self-supply of non-industrial energies (wood, biomas. . . ), is not able to satisfy the new needs, emerging along with deep economic, social and cultural transformations of the developing world. To satisfy their energetic needs, the populations bring many original response. This new kind of energetic situations can not be described according to the classic approaches and tools. Many first-hand surveys in Tunisia and Morocco allowed us to analyse these situations. Then, we proposed the concept of informal energy sector to characterise these new situations and to explain the energetic behaviour of populations. More over, these situations have serious economic, social and environmental consequences, which justify a public intervention. So, we tried to propose some elements for an appropriate policy to manage the informal energy sector, in the maghrebian context
Benchioui, Mustapha. "Le tourisme national dans le nord-est du Maroc." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10029.
Full textThe analysis of national tourism in the north east region of morocco evokes first of all the problem of geographical isolation and distancing of the region. In other terms, this wark exposes the problem of forgetfulness neglect of the region, voluntary or involuntary, causing not only a lack of infrastructure in transport linking betwenn the principal centres transmitting tourits, but also a lack of tourist equipement this results only in a virgin and neglected space which attracts only the domestic tourist, and particularly the tourist orginating from the region besides, the international tourist is hardly present however, in front of this weak presence of the international market, the north east region benefits from its proximity to algeria which is an important transmitting centre of tourist to the region. But the algerian tourist has been differently treated from the international one. He is regarded as a domestic tourit in view of the resemblance that exists between the two countries concering their portrait, linguistic origins. . Finally, through the difficulties of checking the impacts of national tourism on society, economy as well as space, this this national has somehow positive effects once compared to the international tourism
Mounkala, Joseph. "Le tourisme au Congo." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20028.
Full textDespite a long but slow bid for development, and in spite of numerous resources available in the country, congolese tourism is still embryonic; because of the state lack of interest that lasts nearly two decades. Tourist structure-shakyness and patrimony-damaging were the result of that situation. After 1980, thanks to oil-boom, when the state bets on tourism, a real process of tourist development starts; shown by a brutal and quick hotels and restaurants rise which got got the greatest part of invested sums. The distance between the Congo and Europe, the main transmitting center, and problems due to transports, etc, hold up tourism development. Time and money availability mainly checks congolese leisure activities. The tourist impact is still limited of course, but the most abvious aspect of it is the creation of more than a thousand direct employments. Based on traditional models, congolese tourism for its expansion requires another development scheme. So that to allow a better diffusion. Environment problems demand the same consideration throughout the whole country
Desmichel, Pascal. "Réalité économique et perception sociale du tourisme en milieu rural fragile : analyse à partir de territoires du grand Sud-Ouest français." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO2007.
Full textHandy, Simon-Pierre. "Le tourisme au Cameroun : réalités et rôle dans le développement économique et régional." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX23002.
Full textMartin, Marie-Catherine. ""Tourisme de congrès et développement urbain durable"." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0015.
Full textTo restore charm and urbanity in cities, we have to build public equipements in which local population will have the opportunity to meet, to make inquiries, to develop, to communicate, to exchange. . . The encounter center is one of those polyvalent equipements designed to meet the requirements and needs of local population. Builded in a middle-sized city, this structure must welcome a large and heterogeneous public. It must participate to the every day life of the city, offering meeting rooms, showrooms, lecture rooms, cultural, artistic and commercial events. Faisibility studies must precede the building of the encounter center. The encounter center is a learning organisation, based on service culture, sharing management, negociation and employees valorization. Its management relies on quality of servuction process, continuous performances control and permanent listening of its clients. The building of the encounter center must be supported by the creation of the encounter city bureau and the creation of the touristic unity. These organisations have to federate the local touristic supply and to optimisate the quality of this supply, working on : information, cooperation, training, qualification, animation and promotion of the touristic territory. The touristic unity have to manage the urban tourism system and to assure the sustainable regeneration of urban area by developping encounter tourism on its touristic territory. Encounter tourism must be considered as a chance of sustainable urban development for middle-sized cities
Delfino, Max. "Le tourisme en Méditerranée : situations et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32045.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is on the one hand to provide something to lean on so that the whole incidence of tourist activity upon the mediterranean space may be better estimated, and on the other hand to draw attention to the new part which can be played by the tourist industry as regards a policy preserving the physical environment and the blooming of man with a joint and soustainable development in mind. The fisrt part points out what the present situation of the general environment in the mediterranean area is. This general environment which is considered from three points of view i. E. Physical, demographic, socioeconomic draw attention to the differences between the northern side and the southern side of the area. The second part specifies the factors of the demand and measures the tourist activity in mediterranean countries. The third part makes an inventory of the incidences of tourism upon the economy, the physical and sociocultural environments of the accomodating countries in the mediterranean. The fourth part together with a prospective study suggests two necessary methods to a better approach to tourism and its various effects as well as a new idea of tourism
Coulomb, François. "Taille, structures et alliances : les nouveaux profils des P.M.E. du tourisme." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10032.
Full textThe principal object of this study is the analysis of small and medium enterprises (s. M. E. ) of a group of services activities relating to tourism, (of activities considered characteristic of tourism) in using a group of theory and concepts traditionally reserved for manufacturing sectors). It's a matter of determining in what measure the economic theories of s. M. E; established according to general rules drived from the industrial economy are relevant for the analysis of these activities which will permit one to positively envision their future as it has been demonstrated for different industrial sectors. The results obtained point out the partial inadaptability of this type of analysis and then justify the approach of the tourist industry and of the place therein occupied by the s. M. E. Vis à vis other theories: economics of transaction cost and analysis more geared to the service sector. Presenting a problematic of size rests fundamentally on the concept of networks and the determining role of the on-site production permitting a clearer profile of s. M. E. In this line, and risking certain tentative conclusions regarding eventual changes in size and structure of firms
Mohung, Mohammad Illam. "Transformations structurelles et emploi : une étude comparative entre la Tunisie et l'Île Maurice." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010007.
Full textTunisia and Mauritius adopted in the 1980s a labour intensive export-oriented strategy based on the development of export processing zone. Through this strategy, government played the enabling role of a central facilitator in providing the necessary back-up and institutional support to encourage foreign investment for the industrial development process and for a high rate employment creation to absorb existing unemployed labour. In view of preparing local private enterprise to take over from foreign investors, government is committed to further liberalise the economic system and reduce the role of the state. Like other industrial process, this developement strategy has brought about important change in the economic structure. Chenery's criteria help in apprehending it. The main objective of this comparative study is to show how the industrial development process leads to important structural change producing different effects on employment in the two countries
Louhichi, Kamel. "Essai de modélisation bio-économique de la relation agriculture-environnement : le cas de l'érosion en Tunisie." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10031.
Full textDiscontinuities and non-convexities are among the fundamental specificities of the relationship between agriculture and environment. Whereas it concerns groundwater pollution, the erosion of soils or salinity, the externalities associated to the process of agricultural production are complex and mostly non-linear. To evaluate them through the simple way of the usual rules of internalisation is not completely satisfactory. Thus we have adopted a multidisciplinary approach, associating economics and agronomy via a model coupling a bio-physical simulator and an economic programme, optimising the producers behavioury. This model introduces some sophistications, namely a dynamic recursif approach. .
Larroque-Chounet, Liliane. "Les Guadeloupéens face au développement du tourisme." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30007.
Full textEven if, at the beginning, the great tourist projects, which the natives of guadeloupe didn't launch on their own initiative, raised indifference and scepticism, the inhabitants have progressively realized the positive consequences of this new activity, the advantages it presented as well as the financial benefits which could be induced by it. Then, they summoned up all their energy and organized themselves as, according to them, tourism must first of all be the guadelupian natives' business. Tourism has become part of the leisure civilization of the inhabitants, bringing about changes in their ways of life and spare-time activities. However, in spite of the evolution which can be noticed, the way they take part in tourism, as far as the economic and leisure practices are concerned, still differ according to the social groups