Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tourists – China – Attitudes'

This thesis is developed through a critical discussion of key literature for understanding cultural influence on tourist consumer behaviour and also an empirical investigation of Mainland Chinese tourists when adopting travel e-commerce in China. Previous research in the field of ecommerce adoption and diffusion in China has focused on the influential factors in terms of technological/infrastructural unsettlement, economic instability, and lacking governmental support. Less attention has been given to the cultural influences affecting e-commerce behaviour in tourism and its cultural context. This thesis attends to this lack with regard to Chinese consumer culture and tourists' behaviour, preference, and attitude, as culturallyinfluenced practice towards online travel purchase in China. The major contribution of this thesis therefore is both to explore the existence of cultural influence on travel e-commerce adoption and diffusion in China, and to investigate how and to what extent the Mainland Chinese culture is influencing the behaviour, attitude, and preference of the Mainland Chinese tourists when adopting online travel. Through a theoretical discussion, it concludes that in order to achieve the objectives stated above, a multiple-staged research strategy is adopted consisting questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, and sub-structured interview to investigate the experiences of the Mainland Chineset ourists as well as current servicep roviders when adoptingt ravel e-commercein China. Two major conclusions are drawn from this study. Firstly, from both theoretical discussion and the empirical investigation, the research reveals that it is more appropriate to understand the current situation of travel e-commerce adoption and diffusion in China as a joint effect made by external (mainly economic, technological) and internal (mainly personal/behavioural)f actors. And secondly, the research findings suggest that to some extent culture influences the purchase behaviour, motivation, and consumer preferences of the Mainland Chinese tourists while adopting travel e-commerce in China. It is also identified by both the Mainland Chinese tourists and existing travel service providers that culture affects almost every process of online travel purchase in China from the tourists approaching or searching for useful information regarding their travel arrangementsto the actualp urchased ecision making.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master Degree of Technelogy: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2008.
The South African tourism industry is becoming an important service sector in this country, which is attracting increasing international tourists in recent years. China, as a fast developing country, will be exerting greater influence on the development of tourism worldwide over the next decade. In particular, the impact of rapid growth of China's outbound tourism market has been felt by South Africa. A feature that South Africa's tourism marketers need to understand is the different demographics of the Chinese population and their different perceptions on SouthAfrican tourism. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze and evaluate factors that could impact positively and/or negatively on the image of South Africa as a tourist destination among prospective tourists from China. It examines the opinions and perceptions of Chinese tourists in Shanghai. The research evaluates the kinds of perceptions and attitudes held by Chinese tourists towards South African tourism. The study was conducted with the assistance of fieldworkers in Shanghai who helped the research complete all the interviews and questionnaires. Data was analysed through the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), and findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented. The study provides the recommendations to South African tourism organizations to take into considerationthe seriousness of Chinese tourists' understanding and perceptions towards South Africa as an emerging tourism destination as results indicate that many Chinese tourists do not quite understand South Africa and lack proper knowledge and information. Findings indicated that, although many Chinese tourists do know about South Africa as a tourist destination, they do
M

[vddisc. 1] 大屿山一日遊(1) -- [vddisc. 2] 大屿山一日遊(2) -- [vddisc. 3] 海洋公園一日遊(1) -- [vddisc. 4] 海洋公園一日遊(2)
[vddisc. 1] Dayushan yi ri you (1) -- [vddisc. 2] Dayushan yi ri you (2) -- [vddisc. 3] Hai yang gong yuan yi ri you (1) -- [vddisc. 4] Hai yang gong yuan yi ri you (2)
by Cheng Sheung Yan, Amy, Chiu Mei Wah, Annie.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-68).
Accompanying discs in VCD format.
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.v
Chapter
Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND --- p.1
Purpose of Study --- p.1
Importance of Tourism to Hong Kong --- p.1
The Growing Market - China the Mainland --- p.3
Government Response and Policies --- p.5
Increasing Number of Complaints from Mainland Visitors --- p.7
Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.9
Customer Retention --- p.10
Tourists' Satisfaction --- p.12
Tourists' Perceptions and Satisfaction --- p.14
Chapter III. --- METHODLOGY --- p.16
Critical Incident Technique --- p.17
Research Implementation --- p.19
Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.20
Trip A: Big Buddha at Po Lin Monastery --- p.20
Critical Incidents --- p.21
Trip B: Ocean Park --- p.26
Critical Incidents --- p.27
Generalisation of Two Trips --- p.33
On Tour Guides --- p.34
On Shopping --- p.35
On Price --- p.36
On Food --- p.36
Chapter V. --- IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.38
Tour Guides --- p.39
Language Proficiency --- p.39
Knowledge About Hong Kong --- p.39
Interaction with Tourists --- p.40
Attitudes --- p.41
Travel Agencies --- p.42
Market Segmentation --- p.42
Target Marketing --- p.45
Differentiation --- p.46
Retailing Staff --- p.50
Infrastructure of Tourism Industry --- p.51
Big Buddha --- p.51
Repulse Bay --- p.52
Ocean Park --- p.52
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS --- p.54
APPENDICES --- p.56
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.65

碩士
亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系健康管理組
100
After the implementation of National Health Insurance, the hospitals are getting fewer and fewer due to the market competition and the accreditation. Lots of hospitals are developing Medical Tourism to explore a new service business. The medical care systems equipped with the advantages of high quality, reasonable price and convenience in Taiwan. Thus, medical tour will be a new industry for the hospitals to be involved in. China tourism will be the main market in the beginning. It’s important to realize how they are familiar to our medical system and their will of medical tour. In this study, Anderson medical services model was used, purposive sampling questionnaire distribution of a tourist attraction in Taiwan. The resulted shown that China tourists have limited reorganization of Taiwan’s medical service. As for their medical needs, China tourism did needs variety medical treatment because it’s hard for them to get appropriate medical care in China. The result also shown the China tourists appear to get more information of medical care system and service on the factory of orientation and needs in Taiwan. Suggest the medical institution/center to cooperate with government to marketing the medical tour industry and services to China tourists in order to increase their needs by that to get more profit for those hospitals in Taiwan.

碩士
淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
99
Abstract Internationalization is not only an important task to every big city in the global era, but also a crucial target to city planers. Those important international exhibitions, such as Universal Exposition, Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup have tremendous economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts to organizing cities. One of the most direct subjects to experience those impacts are the tourists visiting the expositions. The success of international exposition is subject to the cognition and attitude Taiwanese tourists toward them. Tourists would only be willing to visit expositions which they think the gains are larger than the cost. The purposes of this research are to acquire the cognition and attitude of Taiwanese tourists to international exposition and to analyze their interactions. This research uses questionnaire method, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability analysis, One-way ANOVA Analysis, T-Test Analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation to analyze data. Universal Exposition is the landmark of human civilization, this research study on the case of Expo 2010 Shanghai, and explore how international expositions affect tourists. The conclusions of this research are expected to be of significant help to relevant sectors for public policies and marketing.

碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班
97
This research will be mainly discussed about residents to the cognition of tourism impact, tourism development participation attitude, and relationship between tourism impact and participation attitude about tourism development toward Yung Chin residents. Through questionnaire surveys, the analyses of interview results, the study is provided conclusions as following: 1. It is more obvious that traditional local industries are declining for Yung Chin residents’ leaving away from their country than those before. Thus, Yung Chin residents hope that tourism developments can increase developments of local other industry developments, and add job opportunities of local persons. Then, it will decrease its outward population, and promote total local living environment in Yung Chin. And its traditional history sites will be much cared and protected. 2. Yung Chin tourism development level is in the first step of exploring. Local residents did not take tourism as method of living economically for few tourists’ coming here. The local government takes place few tourism development . activities. Most interviewed residents have not had chances taking tourism development activities. Hence, there exist differences to tourism impact for Yung Chin residents’ seeing, touching or chatting with tourists more and more. Besides, local persons will have variations toward the cognition of social culture tourism impact and . the cognition of environment tourism impact if they decide to join community origination. Therefore, residents will have have variations toward the cognition of environment tourism impact if they decide to engage in relative tourism occupation. Local residents will also have discrepancies of joining community origination, if taking tourism development activities and participation attitude tourism development for their touching or talking to different tourists more and more. Yung Chin people will be doubtful about their participation abilities of tourism development if they decide to go for relative tourism occupation. 3. The items of tourism developments to Yung Chin residents are paid attention: the establishment of Yung Miou Yuan Leisure Farms, the arrangement of Chef Kan Origin Cultural Park, and residents’ providing improvement ideas of relative activities to tourism developments. The cognition of tourism impact toward Yung Chin residents’ cognition of tourism impact is significantly related to their participation attitude in the tourism development. . Key Words : cognition of tourism impact about tourism development, participation attitude, Yung Chin residents

Cheng, Connie.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-192).
Abstracts in English and Chinese ; appendix in Chinese.
Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.i
Abstracts --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.iv
"A Note on the Use of Chinese / Japanese Terms, Names, and Webpage Materials" --- p.V
Table of Contents --- p.vi
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Preface --- p.1
Objectives and Significance --- p.4
Issues to be Addressed --- p.5
Methodologies --- p.10
Structure of the Thesis --- p.12
Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Rise of Japanese Pop Culture in Hong Kong - The 1980s --- p.15
Japan's Economic Influences in Hong Kong --- p.15
Japanese Popular Culture Boom in Hong Kong --- p.19
Tourist Flows to Japan in the 1980s --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3: --- The Second Japanese Popular Culture Boom - The 1990s --- p.38
The Change in Economic and Social Environment --- p.38
Japanese Popular Culture Continues to Flourish --- p.40
Japanese Pop Music (J-pop) --- p.40
"Animation, Comic and Game (ACG)" --- p.42
Japanese Television Dramas --- p.47
Hong Kong Tourists to Japan and the Development of Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.56
Chapter Chapter 4: --- The Age of Cultural Pilgrimage - the 2000s --- p.64
Hong Kong People's Consumption of Japanese Products --- p.64
Pop Songs --- p.64
Television Dramas --- p.65
ACG --- p.66
Tours to Japan --- p.69
Pop Culture Tourism and Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.75
Governmental Strategies --- p.77
Tour Agencies' Strategies --- p.87
Self-guided Tourists --- p.91
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Case Studies of Hong Kong Young People who Performed Cultural Pilgrimages to Japan --- p.112
Case 1 --- p.113
Case 2 --- p.117
Case 3 --- p.121
Case 4 --- p.125
Case 5 --- p.129
Case 6 --- p.135
Case 7 --- p.138
Case 8 --- p.142
Case 9 --- p.146
Case 10 --- p.149
General Remarks --- p.154
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Analysis --- p.157
Chapter 1. --- Cultural Pilgrimage and the Cultural Identities of Hong Kong Young People --- p.158
Chapter 2. --- The Impacts of the Rise of Pop Culture Tourism on Tourism --- p.162
Chapter 3. --- Meanings of Cultural Pilgrimage to Fandom Study --- p.170
Chapter 4. --- New Perspectives on the Understanding of Cultural Globalization --- p.173
Chapter Appendix A - --- Survey Questionnaire --- p.178
Chapter Appendix B - --- Interview Questions --- p.180
Bibliography --- p.182

碩士
逢甲大學
景觀與遊憩研究所
98
In the Shin-Gang Township, there are class I, class II, and class III historical monuments, where the numbers of historical monuments are the top in Chia-Yi County, Taiwan. The Phon-Tien Temple, a nationwide well known sacred religious place where over three million worshipers come to visit every year, has provided excellent conditions to develop religious culture tourism. In order to understand those who come to visit and worship, this study has focused on the analyses of their perceptions and participation attitudes towards the Ma-Zu culture and the relationship between them as well. This study has conducted a questionnaire survey on tourists who visited the temple and the well-known commercial centers in Shin-Gang Township. By using the EXCEL 2003 and SPSS 12.0 as the data analysis tools, some descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, One Way Analysis of Variance, and regression analysis were applied to the data collected and to verify the research hypotheses. Results of this study have shown as followings: 1. There were significant differences in tourists’ perceptions of the Ma-Zu culture among different vocations while only partial differences existed with different gender, marital status, age, average monthly income and residential location. In addition, there was no significant difference in this concern among different education levels. 2. There were significant differences in visitors’ activity participation attitudes among their residential locations while only partial differences existed with different gender, educational level and average monthly income. Besides, there was no significant difference in this concern among different marital status, age, and occupation. 3. There was a significantly positive relationship between visitors’ perceptions of the Ma-Zu culture and activity participation attitudes. This study has re-analyzed visitors’ overall cultural perceptions and activity participation attitudes where the result has reached a significantly high and positive correlation coefficient. The study results could be provided the relevant officials and committee of the Phon-Tien Temple with a reference of the Ma-Zu culture festival marketing strategies to improve the culture tourism quality in Taiwan. Keywords: Ma-Zu culture, cultural tourism, perceptions, attitudes

碩士
朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
89
This study was to analyze the intention for and attitude to further education of students in tourism program in vocational high schools in the Republic of China. The graduating students in tourism program in 32 vocational high schools in the academic year of 2000 were selected as samples. There were 1649 valid samples from these schools. The survey instrument used in this study was a structured questionnaire after a pretest for validity and reliability. The percentages and frequency distribution were calculated for each item, factor analysis, chi-square test analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance were computed to measure relationships and differences. The results of this study indicated that 82.4% of respondents showed high intention for further education, 46.3% of these students chose to take hospitality major category entrance examination, the main reason was “take an interest in that area”; 77.6% of these students chose to take business major category entrance examination, the main reason was “more choices”. 29.2% of these students chose to take both hospitality and business major category entrance examination. Statistically significant differences were found between students’ intention to get further education and public/private school, school district, gender, academic credits, family monthly income, father’s attitude, and mother’s attitude. Statistically significant differences were found between students’ choice to take hospitality major category entrance examination and school district, family monthly income, father’s educational level, father’s attitude, and mother’s attitude. Statistically significant differences were found between students’ choice to take business major category entrance examination and public/private school and school district. In addition, respondents’ attitude to further education was associated with public/private school, school district, gender, academic credits, family monthly income, father’s educational level, mother’s educational level, father’s attitude, and mother’s attitude. Several suggestions for schools, government administration, and further research were made.

一直以來，職業教育的使命，是為幫助青少年提升未來就業及社會所需的能力，同時讓他們由學校教育過度至就業階段作好準備。隨着全球經濟環境在迅速轉變，知識成為衡量勞工價值的工具。香港的高中職業教育提供的適切性受到質疑，認為職業教育應結合知識的學習與能力的培養。直至2003年，應用學習課程引入高中教育階段，課程兼備職業知識與能力的培養，為學生提供更多元化的學習機會，並為他們在學術及職業方面都提供了進階途徑。職業課教師透過其教師實踐與師生互動的過程，直接影響着學生的升學及就業抉擇。本研究試圖去理解如何培養學生的可就業能力時，不能不從教師的角度去理解他們對培養可就業能力的看法，與適用於職業教育的教學法。
本研究發現，縱使高中的職業教育得以發展，修讀的人數一直較預期的少，且多是由一些學業成績差及學習動機弱的學生選讀。就應用學習而言，第三組別學校基於成本效益的考慮，也不會向學生積極推廣應用學習課程。加上外判式教育提供的方式，使導師的教學質素良莠不齊，標誌着中學職業教育的發展正處於邊緣化的狀態。
對於能力的理解與培養的看法，「美容學基礎」及「旅遊與款待」的教師皆認為，溝通能力是相關行業內最重要的能力元素。畢竟旅遊與款待業及美容業均存在獨特的專業性，各科教師對其相關行業的可就業能力的理解也有異。要成為美容師就需具備自我推進的能力，而從事旅遊與款待業，就需具備學習能力以適應不斷轉變的工作環境。這些分析發現不但為建立香港的可就業能力架構提供了參考基礎，還顯示了基本知識與能力的學習對發展出自我推進及學習能力扮演着關鍵的角色。然而，教師對於能力為本及問題為本教學取向中，重視解難能力及自主學習能力的培養，關注比較不足。
Historically, vocational education has borne the mission to improve the skills of young people for work and life and to remain relevant to the shifting needs of young people in school-to-work transitions. In alignment with the recent global economic changes, knowledge is now seen as a defining characteristic of valuable workers. The appropriateness of the vocational education in senior secondary schooling is questioned in the light of the changing work environment and the need in the future for knowledgeable and competent workers. In Hong Kong, curricula in vocational courses are also expected to incorporate an emphasis both on knowledge and on the development of competences in relation to that knowledge. In order to comply, Applied Learning with curricula providing a knowledge base and offering breadth for the development of various generic skills was then launched in 2003 to provide young people with diversified learning opportunities for further studies and work. Through teaching and social interaction with students, vocational teachers exercise the form of agency to influence students on the plans and decisions of school-to-work pathways. As this thesis intends to explore how employability skills are nurtured in the course of teaching, the study is focused on teachers’ perceptions about nurturing students’ employability skills and the appropriate teaching pedagogy to adopt for vocational education.
Although the development of vocational education in senior secondary schooling was noticeable, it was not popular and tended to attract fewer students than expected. The low academic achievers and students of less motivation comprised the majority of students. Even the low banding schools did not promote Applied Learning due to concerns about cost effectiveness. The practice of outsourcing the teaching responsibilities to external agencies caused the inconsistency of teaching standards across the course delivered. All these signified the marginalized status of vocational education in secondary schooling.
Regarding teachers’ perceptions about nurturing students’ employability skills, both instructors of “Fundamental Cosmetology and school teachers of “Tourism and Hospitality identified communication skills as the most important competence for the novice in the beauty industry, tourism and hospitality industries. There still was a demand for distinct competences for different workplaces. Cosmetologists were required to obtain a sense of responsibility with a shown desire to improve. Those who intended to work in tourism and hospitality were expected to learn how to help themselves better adapt to the changing needs of the workplace. These findings not only were construed as a basis to develop the employability skills framework in Hong Kong, but also revealed that learning basic knowledge and skills in schools played a key role in helping students to develop the above competences. Nevertheless, vocational teachers should raise their awareness of nurturing students’ problem-solving skill and self-regulated learning that is the pedagogical objective of the competency-based and problem-based instructional approaches to achieve.
For understanding the teaching pedagogy of vocational education, instructors of “Fundamental Cosmetology basically adopted the primitive apprenticeship approach to teaching and focused mainly on the practical skills of the related profession. They were experienced practitioners in the beauty industry and could frame the classroom activities and skills practices by its work culture; whereas school teachers of “Tourism and Hospitality emphasised preparing students for achieving high grades in the public examination. They even tried to foster learning through organizing various creative, authentic activities such as a virtual enterprise programme, tour guide training and a practice programme. Students were inspired to learn knowledge, knowledge application and pay more attention to obtain competences. These findings showed that school teachers could construct the authentic school learning environment in the sense sharing a similar work culture in workplace. However, school teachers were overloaded with administration work, and diverted by those trivial and unnecessary non-teaching tasks. They needed to spare time for a more productive and effective teaching approach and for nurturing students’ complex reasoning skills.
Our research indicated that teachers faced great problems in motivating the low-motivated students due to the marginalized status of vocational courses. Teachers organized the authentic activities that were used concrete problems as a context for students to learn. However, the essence of problem-based pedagogical approach emphasizes the ideals of deep, sustained and self-directed learning through exposure to authentic problems. This creates a more stimulating learning environment and cultivates in students problem solving skill and other high order thinking skills. The findings of this study show that vocational teachers need to underscore the positive results of incorporating problem-based learning into curriculum development.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
在教與學的理解上，美容導師採用傳統的學徒學習模式，以職業實用技能為主要的教學內容。由於導師具有豐富的美容工作經驗，她們能營造具有工作文化的真切活動。相反地，旅遊教師則是考試主導教學，主要協助學生爭取良好公開試成績。他們甚至安排一些具創意的真切活動如成立虛擬旅行社、領隊訓練與實習計劃，以引導學生學習知識、知識的應用與關注能力的培養。本研究發現學校的學習是可以透過安排真切活動而提供職場學習的工作文化體驗。不過，學校教師的行政與非教學工作繁重，確實需要釋放教學空間以發展新的教與學環境，讓學生達致有效的學習，同時培養不同的高階思維。
從受訪教師描述的教學狀況分析，發現教師基於職業課程收取學習動機較弱的學生，為了提升他們的學習興趣，費盡心思安排的真切活動，重視提供情境導向，但在形式以外，如何深化問題為本課程強調的學生的自主學習，自行界定討論問題，重視學習過程中培養學生解難能力等方面。本研究建議可進一步深化以上方面的思考。
陳家兒.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 301-316).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Chen Jia'er.
摘要 --- p.I
Abstract --- p.II
目錄 --- p.IV
圖表目錄 --- p.VIII
Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1
Chapter 第一節 --- 研究背景
Chapter 一、 --- 工作改變與可就業能力的培養 --- p.1
Chapter 二、 --- 應用學習 --- p.25
Chapter 第二節 --- 研究目的 --- p.27
Chapter 第三節 --- 研究問題 --- p.28
Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻綜述
Chapter 第一節 --- 技能發展
Chapter 一、 --- 技能概念的爭議 --- p.30
Chapter 二、 --- 技能發展的趨勢 --- p.32
Chapter 第二節 --- 職業教育的發展概況
Chapter 一、 --- 國際上中學職業教育的發展概況 --- p.43
Chapter 二、 --- 香港的中學職業教育發展概況 --- p.47
Chapter 第三節 --- 中學職業教育的教與學 --- p.50
Chapter 一、 --- 教與學的背景理論 --- p.51
Chapter 二、 --- 教學法與教學內容的關係 --- p.63
Chapter 三、 --- 職業教育的教與學 --- p.68
Chapter 四、 --- 職業教育課程的最新發展 --- p.92
Chapter 五、 --- 普通教育與職業教育的融合 --- p.93
Chapter 第四節 --- 資歷架構的發展
Chapter 一、 --- 資歷架構發展的背景 --- p.96
Chapter 二、 --- 香港的資歷架構發展概況 --- p.100
Chapter 三、 --- 總結 --- p.104
Chapter 第三章 --- 研究設計
Chapter 第一節 --- 研究的概念架構 --- p.105
Chapter 第二節 --- 具體研究問題的闡述 --- p.106
Chapter 第三節 --- 研究法
Chapter 一、 --- 質化研究的取向 --- p.107
Chapter 二、 --- 研究法的確定 --- p.108
Chapter 第四節 --- 研究對象及選取
Chapter 一、 --- 職業課程的選取 --- p.109
Chapter 二、 --- 訪談對象的選取 --- p.112
Chapter 第五節 --- 資料收集的方法 --- p.114
Chapter 第六節 --- 資料的整理與分析 --- p.115
Chapter 一、 --- 閱讀原始資料 --- p.116
Chapter 二、 --- 在資料中尋找意義 --- p.116
Chapter 三、 --- 編碼 --- p.116
Chapter 四、 --- 歸類 --- p.116
Chapter 第七節 --- 研究意義 --- p.117
Chapter 第八節 --- 研究限制 --- p.118
Chapter 第四章 --- 「職業教育發展」、「美容學基礎」與「旅遊與款待」的概述
Chapter 第一節 --- 香港中學職業教育的發展概況 --- p.120
Chapter 第二節 --- 應用學習課程 --- p.128
Chapter 一、 --- 發展概況 --- p.128
Chapter 二、 --- 應用習的發展分析 --- p.130
Chapter 第三節 --- 「美容學基礎」的概述 --- p.133
Chapter 一、 --- 學習目標 --- p.134
Chapter 二、 --- 課程大綱 --- p.136
Chapter 三、 --- 教與學 --- p.139
Chapter 四、 --- 施行模式 --- p.140
Chapter 五、 --- 評估 --- p.141
Chapter 六、 --- 學歷認證 --- p.142
Chapter 第四節 --- 「旅遊與款待」的概述 --- p.143
Chapter 一、 --- 宗旨與目標 --- p.143
Chapter 二、 --- 課程大綱 --- p.144
Chapter 三、 --- 教與學 --- p.145
Chapter 四、 --- 評估 --- p.146
Chapter 五、 --- 升學及就業的銜接 --- p.147
Chapter 第五章 --- 教師對能力的理解及能力教授的意識
Chapter 第一節 --- 教師對科目相關行業的能力的理解 --- p.149
Chapter 一、 --- 對教授「旅遊與款待」的教師而言--能力是緊繫於科本與基本知識 --- p.149
Chapter 二、 --- 對教授「美容學基礎」的教師而言--尤其重視工作關能力與態度 --- p.153
Chapter 三、 --- 教師對科目相關行業的能力的看法--旅遊業與款待業vs美容業 --- p.155
Chapter 第二節 --- 能力與知識的微妙關係
Chapter 一、 --- 對教授「旅遊與款待」的教師而言--培養能力是學習科本知識的副產品 --- p.156
Chapter 二、 --- 對教授「美容學基礎」的教師而言--能力與成績沒有必然關係 --- p.158
Chapter 三、 --- 對能力的理解主哉能力的培養--「旅遊與款待」vs「美容學基礎」 --- p.160
Chapter 第三節 --- 教師對教授能力的看法與實踐
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」教師沒有刻意去培養能力 --- p.161
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」導師有計劃地從活動中培養能力 --- p.164
Chapter 三、 --- 能力的教授--沒有刻意的培養vs有計劃的培養 --- p.167
本章結語 --- p.168
Chapter 第六章 --- 主導教師教學的主要元素
Chapter 第一節 --- 一切從教師對課程的理解開始
Chapter 一、 --- 對教授「旅遊與款待」的教師而言--課程屬入門理論並需配合考試的評核要求 --- p.174
Chapter 二、 --- 對教授「美容學基礎」的教師而言--課程需配合文憑試及銜接資歷架構 --- p.178
Chapter 三、 --- 教師對課程的理解--「旅遊與款待」vs「美容學基礎」 --- p.181
Chapter 第二節 --- 個人的知識及經驗影響對教學的理解
Chapter 一、 --- 對教授「旅遊與款待」的教師而言--沒有相關學歷與工作經驗，勝在有興趣與教學熱誠 --- p.182
Chapter 二、 --- 對教授「美容學基礎」的教師而言--有相關學歷及工作經驗，享有高度的課程與度 --- p.185
Chapter 三、 --- 個人的知識及經驗影響對教學的理解--「旅遊與款待」vs「美容學基礎」 --- p.187
Chapter 第三節 --- 學生的學習期望對教師教學的影響
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」的學生--少談心，多談不用讀與成績 --- p.188
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」的學生--想學一技之長有助就業，滿足個人需要 --- p.197
Chapter 三、 --- 學生的學習期望與對教師教學的影響--「旅遊與款待」vs「美容學基礎」 --- p.204
Chapter 第四節 --- 學校政策的兩面刃
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」--選修、必修、退修 --- p.205
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」--沒有一刻不被邊緣化 --- p.208
Chapter 第五節 --- 主導教師教學的元素
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」--一切以考試主導 --- p.211
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」--大多以職業技能為主導 --- p.212
本章結語 --- p.214
Chapter 第七章 --- 職業相關課程的教與學
Chapter 第一節 --- 教學內容重心
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」教師：考試主導、成績為先--教授學科理論知識與應試技巧是最重要 --- p.223
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」教師：大多以職業技能為主導--職業技能訓練是教學的重心 --- p.227
Chapter 三、 --- 教學內容重心：總離不開基礎知識與能力的元素 --- p.233
Chapter 第二節 --- 教學取向
Chapter 一、 --- 「旅遊與款待」教師：考試主導、成績為先--所教知識是切身的、重複鍛鍊語文表達力 --- p.234
Chapter 二、 --- 「美容學基礎」教師：職業技能為主導--保留傳統師徒式的職業技能傳授 --- p.250
Chapter 三、 --- 「旅遊與款待」與「美容學基礎」--情境學習與營造工作文化的啟示 --- p.263
本章結語 --- p.265
Chapter 第八章 --- 結論
Chapter 第一節 --- 本研究的主題
Chapter 一、 --- 中學職業教育的發展困局 --- p.272
Chapter 二、 --- 中學職業教育的教學問題 --- p.275
Chapter 三、 --- 可就業能力培養的問題 --- p.279
Chapter 第二節 --- 本研究的理論貢獻
Chapter 一、 --- 回應可就業能力的討論 --- p.283
Chapter 二、 --- 中學職業教育的教學法 --- p.285
Chapter 第三節 --- 本研究的實踐意義
Chapter 一、 --- 香港中學推行職業教育的政策建議 --- p.294
Chapter 二、 --- 中學職業教育的教學實踐建議 --- p.297
Chapter 第四節 --- 研究限制 --- p.299
Chapter 第五節 --- 未來研究方向 --- p.300
參考書目 --- p.301
Chapter 附錄一： --- 訪談提綱 --- p.317
Chapter 附錄二： --- 1863年至2010年12月香港職業教育/中學職業教師發展大事紀錄 --- p.318