Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tournées de véhicules sélectives'
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Bouly, Hermann. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules sélectives et applications industrielles spécifiques." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1755.
Full textWe deal with Selective Vehicle Routing Problems : constraints are,so that it is not possible to service all customers and an efficient selection must be made to maximize the objective function. We propose pre-processing methods for this problem. We adapt the Energetic Reasoning to vehicle routing problems and introduce concepts of required customers and of optimal affectations. We also propose two heuristic approaches : an iterative heuristic and a memetic algorithm based on an optimal splitting procedure dedicated to selective problems. These methods are adapted to the case study proposed by Veolia Environnement, Experiments and numerous possible developments on the context of real applications show benefits of this work
Yahiaoui, Ala-Eddine. "Selective vehicle routing problem : cluster and synchronization constraints." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2449/document.
Full textThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a family of Combinatorial Optimization Problems generally used to solve different issues related to transportation systems and logistics. In this thesis, we focused our attention on a variant of the VRP called the Team Orienteering Problem (TOP). In this family of problems, it is a priory impossible to visit all the customers due to travel time limitation on vehicles. Instead, a profit is associated with each customer to represent its value and it is collected once the customer is visited by one of the available vehicles. The objective function is then to maximize the total collected profit with respect to the maximum travel time. Firstly, we introduced a new generalization for the TOP that we called the Clustered TOP (CluTOP). In this variant, the customers are grouped into subsets called clusters to which we associate profits. To solve this variant, we proposed an exact scheme based on the cutting plane approach with additional valid inequalities and pre-processing techniques. We also designed a heuristic method based on the order first-cluster second approach for the CluTOP. This Hybrid Heuristic combines between an ANLS heuristic that explores the solutions space and a splitting procedure that explores the giant tours search space. In addition, the splitting procedure is enhanced by local search procedure in order to enhance its coverage of search space. The second problem treated in this work is called the Synchronized Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (STOPTW). This variant was initially proposed in order to model scenarios related to asset protection during escaped wildfires. It considers the case of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles along with time windows and synchronized visits. To solve this problem, we proposed a heuristic method based on the GRASP×ILS approach that led to a very outstanding results compared to the literature. The last variant of the TOP tackled in this thesis called the Set Orienteering Problem (SOP). Customers in this variant are grouped into subsets called clusters. Each cluster is associated with a profit which is gained if at least one customer is served by the single available vehicle. We proposed a Branch-and-Cut with two separation procedures to separate subtours elimination constraints. We also proposed a Memetic Algorithm with an optimal splitting procedure based on dynamic programming
Khemakhem, Mahdi. "Heuristiques pour un Problème de m-Tournées Sélectives." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440494.
Full textBen, Said Asma. "Selective vehicle routing problems in collaborative urban transport networks." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2478.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to plan urban freight distribution in a collaborative logistic system. The collaboration consists in exchanging transportation requests between carriers to increase the efficiency of their operations. More precisely, when solving variants of the wellknown vehicle's routing problems in collaborative context, less kilometers can be driven and higher prices can be collected. The underlying operational problem is therefore the selective vehicle routing problem in which not all customers can be served, but a "profit" is gained for each served one. In this thesis, we firstly address the Capacitated Team Orienteering Problem (CTOP), a selective variant of the VRP in which capacity and travel time limitations are imposed to vehicles. We propose a variable space search metaheuristic that alternates between two different search spaces to solve CTOP. Then, we consider pickup and delivery requests to study two variants of the selective pickup and delivery problem: the PDP with Time Windows and Reserved requests (PDPTWPR) and the Clustered PDPTWPR. The first aims to choose suitable selective requests to be transported in addition to reserved ones. Metaheuristics are proposed to deal with the single-objective and the multi-objective sides of the problem. The second takes into consideration groups of requests that must be served by only one carrier. Finally, we consider the Capacitated Profitable Tour Problem (CPTP) in which goods need to be distributed from the depot to customers. We propose an exact method based on Integer Linear Programming to solve this problem. A set of cuts specific to CPTP is proposed in order to speed up the solution process. Experiments were conducted on a variety of instances of different sizes to demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution methods
Augerat, Philippe. "Approche polyédrale du problème de tournées de véhicules." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005026.
Full textBederina, Hiba. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules robustes multi-objectifs." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0030/document.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is to contribute to the adaptation of VRP problems to the real world problems with a focus on two main axes namely: handling uncertainties through robust optimization and simultaneous optimization of several criteria using multi-objective optimization. First, we focus on modeling the VRP problem under uncertainty by proposing a new robust criterion. This criterion, called "Maximizing the Number of Scenarios Qualified by the Worst (MNSQW)", was evaluated using two approaches: an exact method and a meta-heuristic. In the second part, the robust multi-objective resolution of the capacitated VRP variant (CVRP) with uncertainty on the travel costs has been studied. A hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm has been proposed to optimize the travel cost and the fleet size simultaneously. Experiments were carried out on a state-of-the-art instances, and the proposed approach were compared to an exact method and two meta-heuristics approaches from the literature. The obtained results show that our approach reaches almost all the optimal solutions, and that two new bounds have been established on an other instance. The comparison with the meta-heuristics shows an improvement on the entire results of the first, and competitive results with the second. The third part of this thesis was devoted to the study of another variant of the VRP namely: the Team Orienteering Problem (TOP). We first proposed a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary approach to solve a multi-objective formulation of this problem, to optimize the collected profit and the total travel cost simultaneously. The conducted experiments confirm the conflictual behavior of the optimized objectives. The comparison with three approaches of the literature, allowed to show an improvement of some bounds (four new ones). In the second part of the TOP study, we proposed a robust variant of the latter (RTOP), that has been solved by adapting the algorithm used for the deterministic variant
Oulad, Kouider Tayeb. "Optimisation de la planification des tournées de véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0154.
Full textThe transport sector is the leading greenhouse gas-emitting sector, and accounts for nearly a third of the energy consumed in France. Therefore, in the current context of ecological emergency, the development of green mobility has become a global economic issue. The electric vehicle is a sustainable alternative that complies with environmental requirements. We were interested in how to adapt the delivery system of a company interested in converting its fleet of internal combustion vehicles with a fleet of electric vehicles. The electric vehicle has three challenges: driving range, recharging time and the lack of recharging stations. These three challenges impose a specific organization of delivery routing to determine the best routes at minimum cost. In our work, we propose and evaluate optimization methods for solving this problem in order to obtain viable solutions
Ha, Minh Hoang. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes généralisés de tournées de véhicules." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782375.
Full textBelmecheri, Farah. "Optimisation des tournées de véhicules en transport de type messagerie." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the transportation problem of a local carrier TCP-Distribution. The study is on the node routing problem (VRP) and specifically to cases with Heterogeneous fleet (H), with Mixed Backhauls (MB), and Time Windows (TW), the problem is called HVRPMBTW. It is few studied in literature. After a general introduction to the transportation problems, and a complete description of the problem studied, we suggest several resolution approaches. A mathematical model is developed; it is a linear model with real and binary variables (mixed LP) which is used by an exact method. The first metaheuristic approach is proposed, it is based on an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) combined with an efficient local search. This method has shown its effectiveness on HVRPMBTW. A second approach is developed, called a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) combined with the effective local search. The new results obtained improve the previous results. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to an industrial application. The methods developed are applied to the industrial cases. A Performance Management Tool is implemented and used with a graphic box developed. Its aim is to calculate and analyze the indicators, and to use the optimization methods
Fournier, Sylvain. "Outils pour des Problèmes Industriels de Tournées de Véhicules avec Transbordement." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348731.
Full textLiu, Yihan. "Optimisation de problème de tournées de véhicules de service à domicile." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0009/document.
Full textThe logistics performance of enterprises and the optimization of transportation have become a great issue in recent years. Field force planning and optimization is a new challenge for the service sector. In order to increase productivity and reduce cost of logistics, this research contributes to the optimization of a real-life multi-depot multi-period field service routing problem with time window. The problem is abstracted from the realistic problem and formulated as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model. Computational results with Cplex show that this problem cannot be solved by exact methods in reasonable time for practical use. First, local search heuristics are used for solving the problem. Initial feasible solutions are generated by a constructive heuristic and several local search heuristics are applied to obtain solutions in a very short computing time. Then we propose a genetic algorithm with new representation of chromosome and new genetic operators for the addressed problem. Finally we consider a genetic algorithm with diversity control to deal with large scale problems. Infeasible solutions are taken account in the population and the diversity contribution is part of the evaluation to avoid premature of search. These methods have been successfully implemented to the optimization of the routing problem
Gueguen, Cyrille. "Méthodes de résolution exacte pour les problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0664.
Full textMichel, Sophie. "Optimisation des tournées de véhicules combinées à la gestion de stock." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13324.
Full textChanca, Etienne. "Intégration de l'expérience des livreurs aux problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36975.
Full textThis thesis introduces a new type of vehicle routing problem aiming to take into account the knowledge and experience for the driver-customer affectation process. This new experiencebased problem (EB-VRP) is motivated by the potential gain that could result from the ftting between drivers and their working areas in, in terms of global transportation costs and driver's satisfaction. This approach could also lead to a lower fuel consumption and an unbiased driver-customer affectation. A new methodology had been introduced to address this new problem, featuring a way to model the driver's knowledge based on a delivery's history. A bi-objective approach combines with a large-scale neighborhood heuristic had been used as a solving method. Numerical results from real data support the relevance of our methodology
Binart, Sixtine. "Optimisation de tournées de service en temps réel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10013/document.
Full textThe field service routing problem consists in assigning the visits of technicians to clients in order to satisfy their requests for service activities such as maintenance. When planning service routes, companies have to face hazardous travel and service times. Therefore, in this thesis, we deal with a variant of the single-period field service routing problem in which travel and service times are stochastic. It is the field service routing problem with multiple depots, time windows, stochastic travel and service times and priority within customers (distinguishing mandatory and optional customers). To solve this problem, we propose three different methods. In the first one, we first build routes containing only mandatory customers and then, we insert optional customers in these routes. The second one is a heuristic method based on column generation consisting in generating a set of valuable routes for each vehicle and then in selecting one route per vehicle. The last method is a branch and price algorithm, based on the second method, in which the subproblem consists in finding feasible routes for a given vehicle, whereas the master problem consists in selecting routes while ensuring that customer’s priority is respected. After each of these methods, in order to evaluate the quality of these solutions regarding stochasticity, we use a dynamic programming algorithm and we proceed to a set of simulations of the real-time execution of the service activities over the period. All our experimentations have been made on problems coming from realistic data
Mendoza, Jorge-Ernesto. "Solving real-world vehicle routing problems in uncertain environments." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2051.
Full textThe effective design of vehicle routes plays a major role in the efficiency and environmental responsibility of enterprises. Although great effort has been devoted to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs), the gap between academic research and practical problem solving is still significant. One factor that widens this gap is that most of the methodological tools proposed for the VRP and its variants assume that the problem parameters are perfectly known in advance. Needless to say, this is a strong assumption in the real world, where companies often operate under uncertain environments. The main focus of this thesis is to bridge the gap by (i) studying real-world vehicle routing problems in uncertain environments never addressed in the academic literature before, (ii) proposing new solution methods to tackle such problems, and (iii) transferring to industry, when possible, the results its contributions. First, the thesis proposes a set of new methods for the distance constrained VRP, a problem consisting in designing minimal-cost routes of limited duration. The results of this research were transferred to industry via a decision support system (DSS) implemented for a public utility. Second, the thesis introduces a problem with uncertain parameters widely found in practice but never studied in the literature before: the multi-compartment VRP with stochastic demands (MC-VRPSD). The problem consists of designing distribution routes for multiple products that due to incompatibility constraints must be transported in independent compartments. To solve the MC-VRPSD, the thesis couples algorithmic components from the DSS with problem-specific developments to generate a complete set of solution methods including heuristics and metaheuristics. In addition, the thesis proposes two new multiobjective approaches to address the risk behavior of the decision makers in VRPs under uncertainty
Reghioui, Hamzaoui Mohamed. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec fenêtres horaires ou préemption des tâches." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0018.
Full textThis thesis studies the node and arc routing problems which are the two main types of routing problems encountered in most transportation applications. We focus particularly on the cases with time windows or split deliveries. This work is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to the node and arc routing problems with time windows (VRPTW for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and CARPTW for the Capacitated Arc Routing Problem with Time Windows). Contrary to the VRPTW which has been the subject of intensive research over the past decade, few studies have considered the CARPTW. In this part of the thesis, we propose a method based on the metaheuristic GRASP combined with a path-relinking process for the CARPTW and a memetic algorithm for the VRPTW. The second part of the thesis focuses on the node and arc routing problems with split deliveries (SDVRP for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem and SDCARP for the Split Delivery Capacitated Arc Routing Problem). Since the SDCARP is a relatively new problem, we started by developing mathematical models. We then proposed lower and upper bounds. The lower bounds are obtained by two cutting plane methods while the upper bounds are determined by a memetic algorithm with population management and a new metaheuristic. The memetic algorithm was also adapted to the SDVRP, giving rise to competitive results
Lahyani, Rahma. "Une matheuristique unifiée pour résoudre des problèmes de tournées de véhicules riches." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0011/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop a solution framework for Rich Vehicle Routing Problems (RVRPs). We first provide a comprehensive survey of the RVRP literature as well as a taxonomy. Selected papers addressing various variants are classified according to the proposed taxonomy. A cluster analysis based on two discriminating criteria is performed and leads to define RVRPs. In this thesis we are interested in solving a multi-depot multi-compartment multi-commodity vehicle routing problem with time windows (MDMCMCm-VRPTW). We propose a unified column generation heuristic cooperating with a variable neighborhood search (VNS) matheuristic. The VNS combines several removal and insertion routing heuristics as well as computationally efficient constraint checking. Two loading neighborhoods based on the solution of mathematical programs are proposed to intensify the search. On a set of 191 instances of less complex routing problems, the unified matheuristic turns to be competitive. A sensitivity analysis, performed on more complex generated instances reveals the importance of some algorithmic features and of loading neighborhoods for reaching high quality solutions. The VNS based matheuristic is embedded in a column generation heuristic to solve the MDMCMCm-VRPTW. We propose an exact post-processing method to optimize the assignment ofcustomers to vehicle routes. Last, we introduce, model and solve to optimality a RVRP arising in the olive oil collection process in Tunisia. We propose an exact branch-and-cut algorithm to solve the problem. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm on real data sets under different transportation scenarios
Ngueveu, Sandra Ulrich. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec contraintes particulières pour la maîtrise des risques." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0013.
Full textThis research concerns solving two transportation problems that integrate constraints or objective-fonctions related to the risk management: the m-Peripatetic Vehicle Routing Problem (m-PVRP) and the Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CCVRP). Applications can be found in the security logistics field, such as money transportation, and the humanitarian logistics field, such as vital goods supply after a natural disaster. Most of our work is about the m-PVRP. It consists in finding a set of routes of minimal total cost over m periods such that each customer is served once per period and two customers are never sequenced consecutively during two different periods. Different mathematical models are presented and the problem complexity is discussed. Then, we propose polynomial lower bounds, two metaheuristics including a tabu search with diversification and guided by a b-matching solution, a column-generation-like approach combining dual heuristics with q-routes generation, and finally two branch-and-cut algorithms. The CCVRP consists in minimizing the sum of arrival times at customers, instead of the classical route cost or length, subject to the vehicle capacity. We propose a memetic algorithm (MA). Its efficiency lies upon the optimal splitting procedure of chromosomes without trip delimiters into feasible routes to obtain a feasible solution. Pre-computations to speed up MA and valid formulas to compute lower bounds are deduced from some CCVRP properties we identified. Up to now, this MA is the best metaheuristic published on the special case of the Traveling Repairman Problem ( = single-vehicle PTVCC = TRP
Benantar, Abdelaziz. "Optimisation pour des problèmes industriels de tournées de véhicules : vers une transition énergétique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH12.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the study of real road transportation and distribution pro-blems. The question concerns in particular the optimization of two different vehicle routing problems arising in the distribution of petroleum products and the transfer of containers. The first problem, modelled as an application of the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with time windows (MCVRPTW), is solved by using a tabu search method. The same method is then applied to two other variants. One introduces additional constraints related to loading operations for petroleum products on the compartments, while the other one includes the ad-justment concept in quantities applied for. Moreover, in the context of an energy transition, we addressed the container transfer problem using a fleet of electric trucks in the industrial port zone of Le Havre. The optimization involves two levels : the strategic level for dimensioning electrical infrastructures and the operational level for constructing the vehicle routes. Only the strategic level is tackled with a research project thanks to a coupling of optimization and simulation
Guibadj, Rym Nesrine. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules et application industrielle pour la réduction de l'empreinte écologique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966428.
Full textHaj, Rachid Mais. "Les problèmes de tournées de véhicules en planification industrielle : classification et comparaison d’opérateurs évolutionnaires." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2033.
Full textSolving vehicle routing problems have been some of the most studied problems in combinatorial optimization because they have many applications in the field of industrial planning. The related literature is diversified both in terms of variants of the problems and in terms of solving approaches. Identifying which class of problems a given real-world problem belongs to, in order to gather related works and determine the most relevant resolution method, is a difficult task. The present thesis constitutes a feasibility study of a project to make these tasks easier, privileging evolutionary solving approaches. This project relies on three essential bases: a notation of the variants of VRP, a compilation of evolutionary operators from the literature, a set of rules linking VRP variants to evolutionary operators according to the efficiency. The objective is to find guidelines to design a solving algorithm according to the characteristics of the problem by identifying the subset of operators showing the greater estimated efficiency. Putting the proposed notation into practice using several papers demonstrated that anyone using this notation can classify accurately papers and can recognize easily approaches and results that are similar to their own. The experimental methodology proposed is illustrated by considering three types of crossover and three types of mutation. This study confirms that is possible to determine which elements of an algorithm have a discernable impact on the performance. It reveals relationships between choices in the design of the algorithm or between the variant of problem and the efficiency of the operators
Messaoudi, Bilal. "Approches par décomposition pour des problèmes réels de planification et de tournées de véhicules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0211.
Full textDifferent players in the industry face every day new optimization problems involving decisions to be made either at a tactical level, such as determining the best warehouses’ location intended to cover a given geographical area, or at an operational level, such as improving efficiency of a production process. The objective of this 'Cifre' thesis is to propose solution approaches while focusing on planning and vehicle routing problems faced by industrial customers. We will highlight first the main difficulties that can be encountered in aiding decisions process with the industrial customer, and then address three case studies of complex problems that we have dealt with during the thesis. We mainly use decomposition approaches to solve these problems due to their complexity and large size of the corresponding instances. To assess the performance of some solution methods, we compare them to the best bounds obtained by relaxing some constraints and to optimal solutions of similar problems existing in the literature when possible
Sassi, Ons. "Planification de la recharge et optimisation des tournées dans le cas de flottes captives." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0303.
Full textElectric Vehicles may decrease transportation-related emissions and provide for less dependence on foreign oil. However, electric vehicles are still facing many weaknesses related to the high purchase prices, limited battery range and scarce charging infrastructure. The deployment of electric vehicles must then involve the design and the deployment of charging infrastructures. Within this study, the overall objective is to provide enhanced optimization methods and decision tools for electric vehicles assignment, charging and routing that are relevant to different real-world constraints. Firstly, we propose to study the joint scheduling and optimal charging of electric vehicles problem. This problem consists in assigning a set of already constructed routes to the available electric and conventional vehicles and in, simultaneously, optimizing the electric vehicles charging costs while ensuring that all constraints are satisfied. The objective of this problem is to maximize the use of EVs and to minimize charging costs. Secondly, we propose different extensions to our baseline problem and we vary the objective functions and the considered constraints. Moreover, our problem can be seen as a fixed interval scheduling problem with complementary constraints of energy. We propose then to study the complexity and the approximability of many variants of this new problem. Finally, we consider a new variant of the electric vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and we propose different heuristics and metaheuristics to solve it. We test the different solving methods on benchmark instances and we evaluate the efficiency of each method
Ducomman, Sylvain. "Optimisation de tournées de véhicules par programmation par contraintes : conception et développement d'un solveur industriel." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI009/document.
Full textVehicle routing problems are very hard combinatorial optimization problems with significant economic and environmental challenges. The fundamental problem is to visit a set of customers with a given fleet of vehicles in order to minimize the total distance travelled. Moreover, these problems arise with a wide variety of objectives and additional constraints, related to the legislation and the diversity of industrial sectors. They are very common for many industries and the design of generic solvers has become an important research issue.This thesis focuses on the design and implementation of a new solver for the vehicle routing services offered by the company GEOCONCEPT. The proposed solver is based on constraint programming (CP) to improve flexibility (ability to take additional constraints into account), declarative modelling and maintenance, which are the limits of current GEOCONCEPT solvers based on local search.Firstly, a graph model is established to provide a common representation of the input-data and the numerous business constraints. The resolution is performed using large neighbourhood search methods available in modern CP solvers. It is thus possible to deal with large instances efficiently with a declarative approach where a broad class of vehicle routing problems can be modelled. Secondly, several CP models based on redundant views of the problem are proposed to strengthen the filtering. We focus on the filtering mechanisms for removing infeasible or suboptimal values in the domains of the variables. These algorithms can quickly simplify the problem and derive lower bounds to assert the quality of the solutions found. The lower bounds are obtained by solving relaxations of the most famous problem in Operations Research: the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). This problem is the core of the global constraint WEIGTEHDCIRCUIT for modelling routing problems in CP. We propose new filtering algorithms for this constraint based on three relaxations of the TSP. These relaxations are compared theoretically and experimentally. The originality of this work is to propose a new filtering algorithm for reasoning on the direct successors of a customer as well as his position in the tour. It is particularly useful in the presence of time window constraints, which are very common in industrial problems.The new solver shows excellent performance on academic and industrial problems and can compute informative lower bounds for real-life problems
Michallet, Julien. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules périodiques avec contraintes de sécurité ou de qualité de service." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0023/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the periodic vehicle routing problem when applied to the transportation of valuable goods. Specifics constraints have to be defined to ensure the security of the convoy.The periodic vehicle routing problems with time spread constraints on services (PVRPTS) is defined and a mathematical model is given. The goal is to serve a set of customers over several days such that their visit times differ by a minimum amount. The depicted model is discussed and two constructive heuristics are designed and assessed.A Multi-start iterated local search (MS-ILS) is proposed to solve this problem. The results shows that the method outperform the two previous heuristics. For the sake of comparison with previous approaches, the MS-ILS is evaluated on a more classical problem : the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW). The method proves to be very competitive, producing new best known solutions.The MS-ILS is then adapted to solve the consistent vehicle routing problem (ConVRP). Unlike the PVRPTS, the goal of the ConVRP is to deliver customers with intermittent demands with regularity in terms of service times and drivers. The method demonstrate his flexibility and produce good results. Finally, the developments performed at Nexxtep Technologies are depicted. They encompass commercial-software design and implementation of the proposed methods
Hayari, Noureddine. "Cartes auto-organisatrices et approche évolutionniste pour les problemes de tournées de véhicules avec regroupements." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2012.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is the study of the vehicle routing problem with clustering. Clustering consists of assigning users to collect points or bus stops and to find the optimal routes passing by these points. Four variants, with increasing complexity are studied: The TSPCluster which is an extension of the traveling salesman problem, the MTSCluster which is a generalization of the previous problem with several vehicles, the VRPCluster which introduces the capacity constraints, and finally the VRPTWCluster which requires time windows. To solve these problems, we have developed a metaheuristic approach which incorporates the Kohonen's self-organizing maps into a population based algorithm. This approach is able to find good solutions for clustering problems in the sense that it handles the clustering and routing simultaneously. Moreover, by introducing the concept of visual model subjected to continual deformations, Our contribution allows to visually follow the optimization progress. We have observed from our results that our methodology is able to handle some problems which have not been solved by classical methods
Benamar, Fayçal. "Transport terrestre multimodal de conteneurs maritimes : modèle de tournées simultanées des conteneurs et des véhicules." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0423.
Full textChabot, Thomas. "Résolution des problèmes de tournées de véhicules pour le transport des échantillons biomédicaux au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26365.
Full textLandrieu, Antoine. "Logistique inverse et collecte des produits techniques en fin de vie : tournées de véhicules avec contraintes." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198400.
Full textGhoudi, Samir. "Approches de résolution en deux phases pour le problème de tournées de véhicules en région sinistrée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30161/30161.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of distribution of humanitarian aid in disaster areas. The objective is to deliver humanitarian aid to the affected areas from a set of distribution centers, by using a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles. Given the particular emergency situation, the distribution is planned to meet the demand of affected areas for each type of humanitarian aid in the shortest possible time, taking into account both the travel and products loading and unloading times. In this thesis, we propose a two-phase solution approach in order to improve the quality of the solution obtained using the heuristic approach previously proposed by Berkoune et al. (2011). A series of experiments are run to assess the quality of the solutions obtained with the developed algorithm. The obtained results showed that the developed approach can solve the problem to optimality for the majority of the instances, avoiding an exhaustive enumeration of all possible combinations. An evaluation of the choice of stopping condition and three Variants of the developed algorithm are also proposed. The obtained results show that when the problem size becomes large, the proposed improvements provide a good alternative to reduce the total computation time and improve the quality of the obtained solution. Keywords: Emergency logistics, vehicle routing, split delivery, mathematical modeling and heuristics.
Vidal, Thibaut. "Approches générales de résolution pour les problèmes multi-attributs de tournées de véhicules et confection d'horaires." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0031.
Full textThis thesis contributes to address Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP). VRPs require designing least cost delivery routes to service a geographically-dispersed customer set, in presence of several other compound constraints and objectives. A multidisciplinary analysis of VRP variants and a synthesis of timing problems and algorithms for determining service times to customers are first presented. A hybrid genetic algorithm is then introduced. The method combines the exploration breadth of evolutionary search, the aggressiveimprovement capabilities of neighborhoodbased meta-heuristics, and constraintsrelaxation schemes. The algorithm reinterprets the concept of survival of the fittest, relying on a bi-criteria evaluation of solutions driven by cost and contribution to the population diversity. Different VRP variants are addressed, using timing algorithms and dynamic programming approaches for route evaluations. To tackle the challenges related to the variety and the combinations of attributes, a unified metaheuristic is introduced along with a parallel resolution framework based on problem decompositions and solutions integrations. The multiplicity of problem variants is addressed by means of adaptive resolution components. Extensive computational experiments on 26 prominent VRP variants demonstrate the remarkable performance of the method which, with a single implementation and parameter setting, matches or outperforms all dedicated algorithms in the literature
Glize, Estele. "Méthodes exactes pour les problèmes combinatoires bi-objectif : Application sur les problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0023.
Full textReal-world problems involve several different criteria to take into account. For instance, a route may be associated with multiple features such as its cost, its ecological footprint, its duration, or its length. Resulting mathematical problems are addressed by multi-objective optimization. In general, there is no feasible solution able to maximize or minimize all objectives. Thus, decision makers want to examine the trade-off between the objectives in order to select the most suitable solution for them. Solving a multi-objective optimization problem consists of finding a set of points in the objective space, called non dominated points. No point in the objective space is better than a point of this set for all objectives. Few exact methods exist in literature to solve NP-hard multi- objective combinatorial problems, especially those with a NP-hard mono-objective variant. This thesis works on exact methods for such multi-objective problems, and the class of bi-objective vehicle routing problems is used as reference. The manuscript presents a column generation based-approach which aims to efficiently enumerate the set of non dominated points of the problems. We seek the best way to explore the objective space, and we propose different acceleration techniques based on structural properties. To show its generic aspect, the approach is applied to several bi-objective variants of the vehicle routing problem : the vehicle routing problem with time windows, the covering tour problem and the team-orienteering problem with time windows. Extensive computational experiments highlight the efficiency of the proposed method
Li, Yantong. "Modèles et algorithmes pour une classe de problèmes combinés de production et de tournées de véhicules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE036/document.
Full textThe production routing problem (PRP) consists of determining an integrated production and distribution planning that aims to optimize overall cost and improve service level. Although the PRP has been attracting academic and practical interests, it has not been well studied in the literature. Food production routing problem (FPRP) that is more complex than the classic PRP due to food perishability, has rarely been studied. This thesis focuses on developing new models and algorithms for the PRP and FPRP.Firstly, a multi-product PRP with outsourcing (MPRPOS) that is a generalization of the classic PRP is addressed. For the problem, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed and a three-level heuristic is designed. Computational experiments on 225 newly generated MPRPOS instances and 1530 PRP benchmark instances demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed heuristic. Especially, 283 new best solutions for PRP benchmark instances are found by the heuristic.Considering food quality and perishability, and based on the study for the PRP, three new FPRPs are then investigated, i.e., 1) a multi-plant FPRP with packaging consideration (MFPRP); 2) a bi-objective FPRP (BFPRP) that minimizes the total supply chain cost and maximizes food quality simultaneously; and 3) a FPRP with delivery time window constraints (FPRPTW). For each of the studied problems, a MILP model is proposed. Moreover, a hybrid matheuristic that combines a two-phase iterative method, a fix-and-optimize procedure, and a route-based optimization is developed for the MFPRP. For the BFPRP, an epsilon-constraint-based heuristic and a fuzzy logic decision method are proposed to generate near-optimal Pareto solutions and to help decision makers select a preferred solution. And the FPRPTW is directly solved by the state-of-the-art solver CPLEX. A case study shows the proposed model and algorithm for BFPRP can improve food supply chain performance. Computational results on randomly generated instances demonstrate the proposed hybrid matheuristic and epsilon-constraint-based heuristic outperform CPLEX
Mouhrim, Nisrine. "Contribution au Développement de Transport Vert : Proposition d'un Plan de Recharge par Segments des Véhicules Électriques : Étude d'un problème de Tournées de Véhicules Mixtes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH02.
Full textThe implementation of electric vehicles in the freight transport sector presents a sustainable solution that meets environmental and economic objectives. This thesis is oriented in this direction, it deals with the study of the problems of electric transportation according to two decisional levels namely the strategic and operational levels.At the strategic level, we study the problem of the location of the wireless charging infrastructure in a transport network composed of multiple routes between the origin and the destination. To find a strategic solution to this problem, we first and foremost propose a nonlinear integer programming solution to reach a compromise between the cost of the battery, which is related to its capacity, and the cost of installing the power transmitters, while maintaining the quality of the vehicle's routing. Thus, we show the utility of our work in an industrial context through the 'Green Truck' project. This project consists of replacing diesel trucks by inductive trucks in the industrial-port area of Le Havre. Initially, we are dealing with the problem of allocation of dynamic charging segments. In a second step, we integrate the static reload mode in the allocation strategy. We adapt the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach to our problem, as the particles were robust in solving nonlinear optimization problems. Since we have a multi-objective problem with two binary variables, we combine the binary and discrete versions of the particle swarm optimization approach with the multi-objective one. To assess the quality of solutions generated by the PSO algorithm, the problem is transformed into an equivalent linear programming problem and solved with CPLEX optimizer. The results are analyzed and discussed in order to point out the efficiency of our resolution method.At the operational level, we study a new version of the vehicle routing problem with a mix fleet of electric and combustion vehicles, which is a real industrial network encountered in practice. The particularity of our work lies in the consideration of the case where emissions are limited by an emission cap system for conventional vehicles. In order to solve the mathematical model that we have developed, we have included three heuristics in the SPEA-II algorithm that respond to the constraints generated by the limited battery of electric vehicles. After analyzing the performance of the resulting algorithm, we conclude that the resolution approach achieves competitive results
Sousa, Vale Rego César Augusto de. "Recherche locale et structures de voisinages pour des problèmes de tournées de véhicules : algorithmes séquentiels et parallèles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS003V.
Full textTouati, Nora. "Amélioration des performances du schéma de la génération de colonnes : application aux problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132032.
Full textColumgeneration algorithms are instrumental in many areas of applied optimization where linear programs with an enormous number of variables need to be solued. Although success fully used in many applications, this method suffers from well-known "instability" issues, that somewhat limit its efficiency. This work focuses on accelerating strategies in a column generation algorithm. We propose some diversifiication methods in order to decrease the total number of generated columns and then master problems resolution time. We interest also to solving efficiently the pricing problems, by proposing an improning approch based on reoptimization principle and a new variant of the dynamic programming algorithm. The effectiveness of these approches is validated on vehicule routing problem with time windows
Xu, Jian. "Modèles stochastiques évolutionnaires pour la gestion de tournées de véhicules avec fenêtres de temps souples et demandes floues." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0202.
Full textThe work of this thesis considers the vehicle routing problem with time windows and fuzzy demands (VRPTWFD). The goal of the problem is to find the routes of the vehicles with a minimal cost so that the vehicles can service each client exactly only once respecting some constraints. The customers specify their demands by a fuzzy number. The VRPTWFD is studied as the static case as well as the dynamic case. We use the possibility theory to handle the constraint of capacity by setting certain thresholds for the degrees of the possibility and necessity. Using this capacity constraint, a chance constrained programming model (CCP) and a two-stages stochastic programming with recourse model (SPR) in stochastic programming were proposed to treat the VRPTWFD. The genetic algorithms integrating these models have been proposed as the optimization approach in order to find the optimal solutions. In the dynamic VRPTWFD, some customers can call in their orders during the daily operation. A simulation platform, which has the capability of simulating the daily operation, has been developed to solve online the dynamic VRPTWFD. In order to assess the performance of the proposed models, we have constructed a benchmark for the static VRPTWFD and a benchmark for the dynamic VRPTWFD adapting from Solomon’s benchmark for the VRPTW, then we have evaluated the quality of the solutions, which were obtained by using these models, by simulating the real world situations with the help of the “test” scenarios
Kergosien, Yannick. "Algorithmes de tournées de véhicules pour l'optimisation des flux de produits et de patients dans un complexe hospitalier." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502988.
Full textMechti, Redouane. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec fenêtres de temps et composition de flotte." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0023.
Full textNaudin, Edith. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec contraintes de ressources : modélisations par arcs-états et techniques de résolution adaptées." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0038.
Full textKansou, Ali. "Nouveaux algorithmes d'optimisation combinatoire pour les problèmes de tournées sur arcs." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0012.
Full textThis thesis presents the extensions of the arc routing problems, called CARP. We focus our work on three directions : mathematical modeling, theoretical study and numerical resolution. We provide new contributions to the problems : mixed CARP (MCARP), periodic CARP (PCARP) and multi-depots CARP (MDCARP). For each one of these problems, we propose a mathematical model and a solving approach based on the ant colony optimization (ACO). However, the applied approach to the problem MCARP is a direct method which combines the use of artificial ants and a local search method. Also, a new hybrid strategy for solving the two others problems is proposed. Thus, the ACO builds ants representing the insertion order of arcs and edges in the solutions and a specific heuristic is devoted to each problem for insertion. On the other hand, new contributions were made on the problem MDCARP. For this problem, we propose two mathematical models and we adapt the optimal splitting methods for the case of multi-depots which will be also incorporated in ACO algorithms. The second strategy developed is the application of genetic algorithms, known by their efficiency, because at each iteration they generate a new population using a specific crossover and a method of local search which allows them to avoid local optima. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of our approaches and their advantage comparing with other existing methods
Tricoire, Fabien. "Optimisation de tournées de véhicules et de personnels de maintenance : application à la distribution et au traitement des eaux." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00078905.
Full textporte sur le problème de tournées de service multi-périodes avec fenêtres de temps et flotte limitée. Nous proposons plusieurs méthodes de résolution approchées, ainsi qu'une méthode optimale. La méthode optimale est basée sur la génération de colonnes. Une des méthodes approchées est un algorithme mémétique basé sur une heuristique également développée dans cette thèse. Enfin, la méthode optimale est dérivée en méthode approchée par l'utilisation d'une heuristique pour la résolution du sous-problème.
Les algorithmes proposés permettent d'apporter des solutions efficaces à des problèmes comportant jusqu'à 300 clients, dans des temps variant de quelques secondes à quelques dizaines de minutes. Dans un second temps, nous appliquons ces méthodes à des scénarios issus de problématiques réelles, dans une logique d'aide à la décision.
Grellier, Emilie. "Optimisation de tournées de véhicules dans le cadre de la logistique inverse : modélisation et résolution par des méthodes hybrides." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483057.
Full textGrellier, Émilie. "Optimisation des tournées de véhicules dans le cadre de la logistique inverse : modélisation et résolution par des méthodes hybrides." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2002.
Full textThis research deals with vehicle routing problems in the reverse logistics context. Reverse logistics aims at taking into account both direct flows (from the producer to the customers) and reverse flows (products or equipments sent back from the customers to the producer). We consider multiperiodic problems with time windows where products are delivered from a single warehouse to retail stores, and the stores send products returned by clients as well as handling equipments back to the warehouse. We have developed generic models for distribution and pick up on a network, allowing a variety of options to be tested - cost variations, split deliveries, inventory management by the central warehouse or not. We have developed and compared several solution techniques to solve these problems: classical heuristics, the GRASP metaheuristic and column generation associated with a branch and bound method. The GRASP heuristics and column generation methods have been implemented using both operations research and constraint programming techniques. All our models and solution techniques have been tested on randomly generated instances based on those of Solomon for the CVRPTW and on real-world instances. The obtained results show the relevance of our models for the comparison of different logistics policies as well as for the performance evaluation of the different solution methods, depending on the characteristics of the instances
Abounacer, Rachida. "Problèmes de planification des tournées de véhicules et planification des horaires des examens : modélisation et résolution par les méthaheuristiques." Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0003.
Full textThis thesis deals with the modelling and the resolution on the one hand, of the vehicles routing problems and on the other hand, of the examination scheduling problem. Our contributions are of three types: first, we propose a mathematical modelling of the transportation staff problem and we carry out two approaches of resolution based on the genetic algorithms and the ant colony algorithms. Secondly, for the multi-objective vehicle routing problem, we propose a new resolution approach based on the ant colony algorithm. Finally, we study the examination timetabling problem by proposing a resolution approach based on hybridization of an ant colony algorithm and of a local search method
Chekoubi, Zakaria. "Problème intégré de dimensionnement de lots et de tournées de véhicules avec remanufacturing des produits en fin de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0209.
Full textIn a traditional supply chain, production, inventory and distribution operations are treated separately due to the complexity of jointly planning these operations and the lack of information shared among stakeholders. Today, in order to face the fierce competition in the global market, companies are forced to jointly plan these activities in order to benefit from the economic and environmental benefits generated by this integration. Among the optimization problems existing in the literature, the integrated planning problem which jointly optimizes production, inventory management, distribution and vehicle routes decisions, has recently received considerable attention, despite its NP-hardiness. Indeed, its benefits in terms of synchronization between processes, cost reduction and improved service level can be significant. In addition, the optimization of this problem in the context of closed-loop supply chains with End-of-Life Product (EOL) management leads to the development of increasingly sustainable supply chains. Furthermore, growing concerns about environmental issues linked to industrial activities have led to the emergence of policies to control carbon emissions. Taking these regulations into account can have a positive impact on the company's environmental responsibility. To meet these challenges, the objective of this thesis is to design models and develop optimization approaches to solve an integrated planning problem of production, remanufacturing, storage and direct-reverse distribution operations. We considered a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a production line for new products, a remanufacturing line for returned EOL products, two types of inventories for reusable products and EOL ones to be remanufactured, as well as customers with dynamic demands for delivery and pickups. The goal is to determine the optimal amounts to produce, remanufacture and store, as well as the order of visiting customers in order to meet their requests simultaneously for delivery and pickup, while minimizing the total cost due to the involved operations. First, a linear integer model is proposed to optimize the supply chain system by considering one or more vehicles with limited capacity. The second part of the thesis concerns the development of a two-phase decomposition heuristic to solve the extended integrated model. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the integration of carbon dioxide emissions into production, remanufacturing, inventory and distribution decisions and to study the behavior of carbon emission levels in the context of cap-and-trade policy. Numerical experiments make it possible to demonstrate the applicability and the limits of our approaches
Lannez, Sébastien. "Optimisation des tournées d'inspection des voies." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595070.
Full textMarques, Guillaume. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules sur deux niveaux pour la logistique urbaine : approches basées sur les méthodes exactes de l'optimisation mathématique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0199.
Full textThe main focus of this thesis is to develop mathematical optimization based exact methods to solve vehicle routing problems in two-level distribution systems. In such a system, the first level involves trucks that ships goods from a distribution center to intermediate depots called satellites. The second level involves city freighters that are loaded with goods at satellites and deliver the customers. Each customer must be visited once. The two-echelon vehicle routing problem seeks to minimize the total transportation cost in such a distribution system.The first chapter gives an overview of the branch-and-cut-and-price framework that we use throughout the thesis.The second chapter tackles the Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. We introduce a new route based formulation for the problem which does not use variables to determine product flows in satellites. We propose a new branching strategy which significantly decreases the size of the branch-and-bound tree. Most importantly, we suggest a new family of satellite supply inequalities, and we empirically show that it improves the quality of the dual bound at the root node of the branch-and-bound tree. Experiments reveal that our algorithm can solve all literature instances with up to 200 customers and 10 satellites. Thus, we double the size of instances which can be solved to optimality.The third chapter tackles the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. We consider the variant with precedence constraints at the satellites: products should be delivered by an urban truck to a satellite before loading them to a city freighter. This is a relaxation of the synchronisation variant usually considered in the literature. We consider single-trip and multi-trip variants of this problem. In the first one, city freighters start from satellites and do a single trip. In the second one, city freighters start from a depot, load product at satellites, and do several trips. We introduce a route based formulation that involves an exponential number of constraints to ensure precedence relations. A minimum-cut based algorithm is proposed to separate these constraints. We also show how these constraints can be taken into account in the pricing problem of the column generation approach. Experiments show that our algorithm can solve to optimality instances with up to 100 customers. The algorithm outperforms significantly another recent approach proposed the literature for the single-trip variant of the problem. Moreover, the “precedence relaxation” is exact for single-trip instances.The fourth chapter considers vehicle routing problems with knapsack-type constraints in the master problem. For these problems, we introduce new route load knapsack cuts and separation routines for them. We use these cuts to solve to optimality three problems: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacitated Multiple Depots, the standard Location-Routing Problem, and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Shifts. These problems arise when routes at first level of the two-level distribution system are fixed. Our experiments reveal computational advantage of our algorithms over ones from the literature
Gu, Wenjuan. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec plusieurs produits et applications à la livraison de produits frais en circuits courts et locaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0013.
Full textWe study vehicle routing problems considering multiple commodities, with applications in the local fresh food supply chains. The studied supply chain contains two echelons with three sets of actors: suppliers, distribution centers and customers. Suppliers are farmers that produce some fresh foods. Distribution centers are in charge of consolidation and delivery of the products to customers. Distribution centers collect products from the suppliers that perform direct trips. Products are delivered to the customers with a fleet of vehicles performing routes. Each customer requires several commodities, and the farmers produce a limited quantity of these commodities. For the minimization of the transportation cost, it is beneficial that a single customer is delivered by several vehicles. However, for the convenience of the customer, it is imposed that a single commodity is delivered at once by a single vehicle. Hence, different commodities have been considered. The complete problem is named Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP). The restricted problem that addresses only the delivery from a single distribution center is named Commodity constrained Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (C-SDVRP). We first propose a heuristic based on the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) for the C-SDVRP. Then, we address the whole problem (MC2DP) with collection and delivery operations and multiple distribution centers. In order to tackle this complex problem, we propose to decompose the problem: collection and delivery are sequentially solved. Furthermore, we develop an integrated approach for the MC2DP to improve the solutions obtained by the sequential approach