Journal articles: 'Tow boats'

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Reid, D. G., N. Graham, D. J. Rihan, E. Kelly, I. R. Gatt, F. Griffin, H. D. Gerritsen, and R. J. Kynoch. "Do big boats tow big nets?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 8 (September 1, 2011): 1663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr130.

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Abstract Reid, D. G., Graham, N., Rihan, D. J., Kelly, E., Gatt, I. R., Griffin, F., Gerritsen, H. D., and Kynoch, R. J. 2011. Do big boats tow big nets? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1663–1669. Fishing vessel capacity for trawlers is generally expressed in terms of length, tonnage, and engine power, assuming that a larger vessel has a greater fishing power. Management uses effort-control measures such as kW-day limits based on this assumption. Many studies have shown a weak and noisy relationship between effort and modelled catches, and explanatory models often require the inclusion of a skipper or vessel effect to explain the variance. A key element in this effect is the choice of gear size. Relationships are investigated between metrics of the vessel (length, tonnage, and power) and the gear towed (length of groundgear, or circumference of the net opening) in Scottish and Irish whitefish, Nephrops, and pelagic otter trawlers. Often, the vessel size did not correlate with that of the gear, or did so only for smaller vessels (<1000 hp). The key implication is that effort management based on vessel metrics alone is not appropriate, because it is a poor predictor for gear size, and hence for fishing power. Effort restrictions may actually encourage the adoption of larger gears for a given vessel, to maximize the value of a limited-time resource.

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Allen, Alan A. "Controlled Burning of Crude Oil on Water Following the Grounding Of the Exxon Valdez." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-213.

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ABSTRACT During the evening of the second day following the Exxon Valdez oil spill, an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 gallons (57,000 to 114,000 L) of North Slope crude oil were eliminated using in-situ combustion techniques. The oil was collected with the 3M Company's Fire Boom, towed in a U-shaped configuration behind two fishing boats. Working with 500-foot (152-m) tow lines, a 450-foot (137-m) boom was moved at about one-half to one knot (0.26 to 0.52 m/s) through slightly emulsified oil patches downwind of the spill. Once oil had filled the downstream portion of the U-shaped boom and the boats were clear of any surrounding slicks, a gelled-fuel igniter was released from one of the tow boats. Shortly after ignition, flames gradually spread out over the entire area of the contained oil. As flames reached 200 to 300 feet (61 to 91 m) into the air, the area of the contained oil layer (and therefore the size and intensity of the fire) could be controlled by adjusting the speed of the vessels. The total burn time was approximately 75 minutes; however, the intense part of the burn lasted for about 45 minutes. The original volume of oil, likely between 15,000 and 30,000 gallons, was reduced to approximately 300 gallons (1,136 L) of stiff, taffy-like burn residue that could be picked up easily upon completion of the burn. The controlled elimination of crude oil therefore resulted in an estimated 98 percent or better efficiency of burn.

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Clark, Tricia, Beatrice Stong, and Ben Benson. "RECOVERY OF TARMATS USING COMMERCIAL SHRIMPING BOATS DURING THE BUFFALO 292 SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-41.

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ABSTRACT One of the greatest challenges facing responders to a recent intermediate fuel oil (IFO 380) spill was the recovery of tar mats and patties from the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico before they could impact the barrier islands of Texas. When the marine barge Buffalo 292 spilled approximately 3000 barrels of IFO 380 in heavy weather conditions in Galveston Bay in March 1996, it is estimated that more than half of the spilled IFO 380 was swept out into the Gulf of Mexico by high northerly winds. There was great success in tracking the oil as it moved around the Gulf and eventually formed into large tar mats and patties. The overall weathered condition of the IFO 380 soon made use of conventional offshore skimmers ineffective, so responders began looking at ways to effectively recover the tar mats and patties before they could impact the barrier island beaches of Texas during the busy spring break season. Since commercial shrimping vessels could tow a net and were designed for slow operating speeds, it was decided to try using these vessels to recover the tar mats and patties. By modifying traditional nets and using a spotter aircraft to move the shrimping vessels to the greatest concentration of tar mats and patties, participants made the operation a success.

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Aas, Kristian, and Lars Bjørheim. "The Gjøa Semi: a North Sea project relevant for Western Australia." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10042.

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Gjøa was the largest field development project in Norway in 2010. Gjøa was proven in 1989 and are now being developed together with nearby Vega satellites. The combined reserves are estiThe recent Gjøa field development in the North Sea has many features that are relevant for the oil and gas developments north of Western Australia. While the field location is not very similar to the north of Western Australia, the field development solution is very relevant. Several subsea clusters are tied back to a semi-submersible platform with export of gas and condensate via pipelines to shore. Other aspects to the project that are relevant to Western Australia are split location engineering between Norway and India, fabrication of the hull in Korea and subsequent heavy lift transport to the assembly yard, pre-installation of the mooring system, and tow to field with ocean going tug boats. The semi concept, which was used for the Gjøa development, is a mature technology with few technical challenges on a conceptual level. On the other hand the building of an oil and gas platform for A$2 billion has many challenges, both economical and technical, that have to be solved to have a successful project for both the client and the contractor.

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LEPINE, A. J., E. T. KORNEGAY, D. R. NOTTER, H. P. VEIT, and J. W. KNIGHT. "FOOT AND LEG MEASUREMENTS, TOE LESIONS, SOUNDNESS SCORES AND FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED BOARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRITION AND AGE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-054.

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The effects of reduced energy intake (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and elevated mineral-vitamin intake (100 and 150% of NAS-NRC daily recommendations) on foot and leg development, incidence and severity of toe lesions, structural soundness scores and feedlot performance were studied in crossbred boars from 35 to 330 days of age (295 days on test). Toe measurements increased over time with little effect of elevated mineral-vitamin levels. At an equal age, ad libitum-fed boars had larger foot measurements; however, weight-correction usually produced larger values for limit-fed boars relative to body weight at 85 and 190 days on test. Incidence and severity of pad and horn lesions were generally not affected by the dietary treatments, but incidence of lesions was generally greatest for the hind outside toe. Limit-fed boars had higher (P < 0.05) soundness scores compared with ad libitum-fed boars, while dietary mineral-vitamin level had no effect. Daily gain of limit-fed boars was 76% that of ad libitum-fed boars with no overall affect on feed per gain ratio. Feedlot performance was similar between mineral-vitamin levels. The findings of this study indicate that elevating mineral and vitamin intake above that recommended by the NAS-NRC (1979) had no effect on toe, foot and leg development or the resulting structural soundness. Restricting feed intake produced boars with slightly larger toes which appeared more structurally sound when examined at an equal weight. Toe lesion scores, however, were similar between energy levels and there appeared to be no relationship between toe lesion scores and structural soundness scores. Key words: Boars, energy intake, minerals, vitamins, toe measurements, toe lesions, soundness

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Kocher, Lydia M., Jonisha P. Pollard, Ashley E. Whitson, and Mahiyar F. Nasarwanji. "Effects of Metatarsal Work Boots on Gait During Level and Inclined Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0338.

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Footwear plays an important role in worker safety. Work boots with safety toes are often utilized at mine sites to protect workers from hazards. Increasingly, mining operations require metatarsal guards in addition to safety toe protection in boots. While these guards provide additional protection, the impact of metatarsal guards on gait are unknown. This study aimed to measure the effects of 4 safety work boots, steel toe, and steel toe with metatarsal protection in wader- and hiker-style boots, on level and inclined walking gait characteristics, during ascent and descent. A total of 10 participants completed this study. A motion capture system measured kinematics that allowed for the calculation of key gait parameters. Results indicated that gait parameters changed due to incline, similar to previous literature. Wader-style work boots reduced ankle range of motion when ascending an incline. Hip, knee, and ankle ranges of motion were also reduced during descent for this style of boot. Wader-style boots with metatarsal guards led to the smallest ankle range of motion when descending an inclined walkway. From these results, it is likely that boot style affects gait parameters and may impact a miner’s risk for slips, trips, or falls.

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Koenhardono, Eddy Setyo. "Performance Improvement of Hopper Cooling System on Traditional Fishing Boats Due to Excessive Cooling." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 17, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v17i2.29496.

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The engine cooling system that drives traditional fishing boats uses a hopper cooler type system that experiences excessive cooling. Ideally, the temperature of the cooling water in the hopper should be approximately 70-80°C. The fact, it is only 42°C, thus reducing the effective power generated by the engine. This excessive cooling may cause an increase in fuel consumption and emissions. One method to reduce excessive cooling is to increase the temperature of the cooling media in the hopper. The author has conducted a simple experiment on a traditional fishing boat in Kenjeran, Surabaya, by installing a valve to control the flow of seawater entering the hopper. However, the use of seawater as a cooling medium has a maximum operating temperature limitation, so there is no precipitation of salt and lime, which is 50oC. At this temperature, the benefits are not large, only an increase in speed of 4.4% and a fuel reduction of 4.3%. Therefore, the existing seawater cooling system must be modified to an indirect seawater cooling system to get optimum performance improvement. The re-modification allows the temperature of the freshwater in the hopper to be maintained at 80°C, so that the speed of the fishing boat may increase by 14%, with a fuel savings of 12.3%.

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TAKAYAMA, Hisaaki, Ken-ichi SHIMIZU, and Masaji GODA. "Study of the Safety of Small Fishing Boat viewed from the Rolling Period : In the Case of the Ribbonfish Trolling Boats Belonging to the Aba Fisheries Cooperation in Nagasaki City." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 112 (2005): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.112.141.

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Du, Wen, Chun An You, and Yuan Yuan Li. "Study on Reinforcement of Artificial Boundary Pillar Using Slope-Toe-Enclosure Compound with Prestressed Cable-Bolts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (January 2015): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.50.

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Region around slope-toe about to yield and fail in advance due to stress concentration. An implement scheme of reinforcement is discussed in this paper following systematic calculation of specific parameters, in which cable-bolts spacing, dip angle, force and length of anchorage included. Application of this method results in effectively reinforcement of slope by containing plastic area at toe and sliding face.

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El-Zawawy, Amr M. "A New Approach to Arabic Tense Form-Content Mismatch in Four Translations of the Qurʾan." Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies 19, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 46–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340092.

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Abstract The tense systems in English and Arabic are markedly similar, but one striking feature makes the two-part ways: Arabic boasts the capacity of expressing the past and the future in forms that are not tallied with what English does. Arabic and English can express the future and the past in the present form. Yet Arabic, especially Qurʾanic Arabic, has the singular capacity for expressing the future in past form and the past in present form. The mismatch in the Arabic tense system in the English translation of the Qurʾan is given due attention in the present paper, and a new approach is presented to address this significant problem. The four translations selected are Arberry’s, Yusuf Ali’s, Pickthall’s and Asad’s. A model is proposed to analyze significant selections of such mismatches, based on graphical representations of TOC, TOE and linking form. The study concludes that the most inconsistent translation is Pickthall’s, while Arberry’s is the most consistent of all. It also reveals that although Asad is not fully proficient in English like Arberry, he succeeds in clearing the hurdle of translating tense form-content mismatch most of the time.

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Nesi, L., G. Pepe, M. Bibuli, E. Zereik, A. Carcaterra, and M. Caccia. "A new tow maneuver of a damaged boat through a swarm of autonomous sea drones." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 21 (2019): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.333.

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LEPINE, A. J., E. T. KORNEGAY, H. S. BARTLETT, and D. R. NOTTER. "DRY MATTER, ETHER EXTRACT, ASH AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TOE HORN-WALL FROM CROSSBRED BOARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRITION AND AGE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-055.

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The effects of dietary energy level (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and mineral-vitamin intake (100 and 150% of NAS-NRC daily recommendations) on dry matter, ether extract, ash and mineral composition of hard horn-wall taken from front and rear and inside and outside toes were studied in crossbred boars necropsied at 15-day intervals from 85 to 295 days on test starting at 35 days of age. With the exception of Ca and P contents which were higher for restricted-fed boars, restricted energy level and elevated mineral-vitamin intake had little or no effect on horn-wall composition, when expressed on a weight-corrected basis. Horn-wall dry matter, ether extract and Zn content increased over time while ash, P, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe content decreased with little change in Ca content. Front toes had a lower ether extract, Fe and Mn content than hind toes, and outside toes had a higher content of P, Mg and Mn and a lower content of Cu and Zn than outside toes. Toe size (area and volume) was directly correlated with dry matter, Ca, P, Mg and Zn content, but was inversely correlated with ash, Cu, Fe and Mn content of horn-wall. There appeared to be no relationship between toe size and ether extract content of horn-wall. Horn-wall composition changes occurred over time with only minor effects of nutrition treatments. Although composition of horn-wall varied due to location and size of toe, there appeared to be no relationship between horn-wall composition and toe lesion scores. Key words: Swine, nutrition, toe horn-wall composition, minerals

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Radcliffe, Damian. "A importância dos dados para o jornalismo local." Comunicação & Educação 22, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9125.v22i1p85-97.

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O analista digital, consultor, jornalista e pesquisador Damian Radcliffe é professor de Jornalismo na Universidade de Oregon, fellow do Tow Center para Jornalismo Digital na Universidade de Columbia, e Pesquisador Honorário na Escola de Jornalismo, Mídia e Cultura da Universidade de Cardiff (País de Gales). Suas pesquisas se concentram no uso de mídias sociais e tendências mais amplas na mídia local, na tecnologia, no negócio de mídia e na inovação jornalística. Neste artigo, ele defende que o jornalismo de dados pode gerar grande impacto em nível local, e embora esse tipo de comunicação seja menos dominante do que em nível nacional, existem diversos exemplos e oportunidades de boas práticas que devem ser observadas.

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Bruening, Dustin A., and James G. Richards. "The Effects of Articulated Figure Skates on Jump Landing Forces." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 22, no. 4 (November 2006): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.22.4.285.

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Lower extremity injuries in figure skating have long been linked to skating boot stiffness, and recent increases in jump practice time may be influencing the frequency and seriousness of these injuries. It is hypothesized that stiff boots compromise skaters' abilities to attenuate jump landing forces. Decreasing boot stiffness by adding an articulation at the ankle may reduce the rate and magnitude of landing forces. Prototype articulated figure skating boots were tested in this study to determine their effectiveness in enabling skaters to land with lower peak impact forces. Nine competitive figure skaters, who trained in standard boots and subsequently in articulated boots, performed off-ice jump simulations and on-ice axels, double toe loops, and double axels. Analysis of the off-ice simulations showed decreases in peak heel force and loading rate with use of the articulated boot, although the exact kinematic mechanisms responsible for these decreases are still unclear. Analysis of the on-ice jumps revealed few kinematic differences between boot types, implying that the skaters did not use the articulation. Greater adaptation and training time is likely needed for the results seen off-ice to transfer to difficult on-ice jumps.

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Marín, José R., and Daniela A. Benites. "Side-boat tow to test the influence of flaps in a 2-meter planing craft model." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 6, no. 11 (July 21, 2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.70.

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A small craft is considered in the planing regime when its Froude number is higher than 1.2, and under that condition its weight is mainly supported by hydrodynamic pressure acting on the bottom of the hull. It is also known that installing stern flaps at a certain angle from the bottom line will alter the trim angle and, as a consequence, the resistance exerted by the water. In this work, using the classical work from Savitsky, the resistance on a planing craft is estimated, including the effect of flaps, and then the influence of those appendages on the hydrodynamic behavior of a craft of local design was experimentally verified. The wooden model was 2.0 meters long and was side towed from an outboard powered boat, with a 3.2-m arm, in a small artificial lake. The tests were run between 5 and 12 knots, with uneven intervals due to the outboard control; the model was towed without and with flaps at 5 and 10°. Finally, experimental and empirical results for towing force and trim angle were plotted. In some of the experimental curves the presence of humps may be identified, but less pronounced than with the theoretical results. Experimental resistance values are lower than those obtained from Savistky’s formulation for no flaps; in the case of flaps at 5°, the agreement in trim angle was very good. Finally, the benefit of flaps on the performance of the planing model was corroborated, but it should be emphasized that this improvement is only valid for a certain velocity range.

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LEE, Seong-Su, Yoshiyuki SAKAI, and Hiroyuki SADAKANE. "Model Experiments on the Tow Force of a Single Propeller Tug Boat in Regular Head Waves." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 111 (2004): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.111.33.

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Bowen, T. Scott, Daniel T. Cannon, Scott R. Murgatroyd, Karen M. Birch, Klaus K. Witte, and Harry B. Rossiter. "The intramuscular contribution to the slow oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise in chronic heart failure is related to the severity of the condition." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00779.2011.

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The mechanism for slow pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is unclear but may be due to limitations in the intramuscular control of O2 utilization or O2 delivery. Recent evidence of a transient overshoot in microvascular deoxygenation supports the latter. Prior (or warm-up) exercise can increase O2 delivery in healthy individuals. We therefore aimed to determine whether prior exercise could increase muscle oxygenation and speed V̇o2 kinetics during exercise in CHF. Fifteen men with CHF (New York Heart Association I–III) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction performed two 6-min moderate-intensity exercise transitions ( bouts 1 and 2, separated by 6 min of rest) from rest to 90% of lactate threshold on a cycle ergometer. V̇o2 was measured using a turbine and a mass spectrometer, and muscle tissue oxygenation index (TOI) was determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. Prior exercise increased resting TOI by 5.3 ± 2.4% ( P = 0.001), attenuated the deoxygenation overshoot (−3.9 ± 3.6 vs. −2.0 ± 1.4%, P = 0.011), and speeded the V̇o2 time constant (τV̇o2; 49 ± 19 vs. 41 ± 16 s, P = 0.003). Resting TOI was correlated to τV̇o2 before ( R2 = 0.51, P = 0.014) and after ( R2 = 0.36, P = 0.051) warm-up exercise. However, the mean response time of TOI was speeded between bouts in half of the patients (26 ± 8 vs. 20 ± 8 s) and slowed in the remainder (32 ± 11 vs. 44 ± 16 s), the latter group having worse New York Heart Association scores ( P = 0.042) and slower V̇o2 kinetics ( P = 0.001). These data indicate that prior moderate-intensity exercise improves muscle oxygenation and speeds V̇o2 kinetics in CHF. The most severely limited patients, however, appear to have an intramuscular pathology that limits V̇o2 kinetics during moderate exercise.

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Richey, Michael. "Catharsis: The New Jester's Transatlantic Passage, 1992." Journal of Navigation 46, no. 2 (May 1993): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011590.

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Jester, in the course of her fourteenth transatlantic crossing, was abandoned on 15 July 1988 in position 39° 08′ N., 58° 43′ W., some 470 nautical miles southeast of Halifax, NS. The circumstances leading up to this melancholy event were described in an article I wrote for the Journal, which also gave, I believe, some indication of the distress the loss of the boat had caused me. Jester had been knocked down in a storm with the loss of one of her side hatches which left her open to the seas and led me to believe I would require assistance to sail on. I sent out a distress call, an act that culminated in the coastguard rescue services urging me, in view of the deteriorating weather situation, to abandon the voyage and take passage in the ship that had come to my assistance. I finally concurred but later, when the boat was lost under tow, reflected bitterly that in the circumstances the coastguard's advice could scarcely have been otherwise and that in any case the safest course is not always the right one to take. From then on, like Conrad's Lord Jim (not the most sympathetic of his characters), I was assailed by doubts.

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Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki, Satoru Hashizume, Hiroaki Hobara, Emi Anzai, Kanako Nakajima, Koji Mishima, Kazuma Morizono, Aiichiro Sato, and Masaaki Mochimaru. "Effect of safety boots with toe spring on foot clearance features during walking." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 71 (May 2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2019.02.009.

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Yee, Albert G., and C. Daniel Mote. "Forces and Moments at the Knee and Boot Top: Models for an Alpine Skiing Population." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.3.373.

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The purpose of this study was to identify regression models to predict moments at the boot top and knee from the force components at the bindings for a sample of skiers. Six subjects skied a slalom course, first with their boots set to the least stiff setting and then with their boots set to the most stiff setting. Six load component dynamometers measured force and moment components at the toe and heel bindings. An electrogoniometer measured ankle flexion. Regression models were developed for the subject sample that predicted quasi-static moment components at the boot top and knee from measurements of ankle flexion and the quasi-static force components at the bindings. Large anterior bending moment was not necessarily accompanied by large ankle flexion, which emphasized that binding designs and standards for injury prevention must account for forces and moments at the sites of potential injury, rather than limiting consideration to boot stiffness or forces at the bindings.

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Ei, Shin-Ichiro, Kota Ikeda, Masaharu Nagayama, and Akiyasu Tomoeda. "Application of a center manifold theory to a reaction-diffusion system of collective motion of camphor disks and boats." Mathematica Bohemica 139, no. 2 (2014): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2014.143861.

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Vernillo, Gianluca, Alfredo Brighenti, Eloisa Limonta, Pietro Trabucchi, Davide Malatesta, Grégoire P. Millet, and Federico Schena. "Effects of Ultratrail Running on Skeletal-Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0745.

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Purpose:To quantify changes in skeletal-muscle oxygenation and pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2) after an extreme ultratrail running bout.Methods:Before (PRE) and after (POST) the race (330-km, 24000 D±), profiles of vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation (ie, oxyhemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], and tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) and V̇O2 were determined in 14 athletes (EXP) and 12 control adults (CON) during two 4-min constant-load cycling bouts at power outputs of 1 (p1) and 1.5 (p1.5) W/kg performed in randomized order.Results:At POST, normalized [HHb] values increased (p1, +38.0%; p1.5, +27.9%; P < .05), while normalized [O2Hb] (p1, –20.4%; p1.5, –14.4%; P < .05) and TOI (p1, –17.0%; p1.5, –17.7%; P < .05) decreased in EXP. V̇O2 values were similar (P > 0.05). An “overshoot“ in normalized [HHb]:V̇O2 was observed, although the increase was significant only during p1.5 (+58.7%, P = .003). No difference in the aforementioned variables was noted in CON (P > .05).Conclusions:The concentric and, particularly, the eccentric loads characterizing this extreme ultratrail-running bout may have led to variations in muscle structure and function, increasing the local muscle deoxygenation profile and the imbalance between O2 delivery to working muscles and muscle O2 consumption. This highlights the importance of incorporating graded training, particularly downhill bouts, to reduce the negative influence of concentric and severe eccentric loads to the microcirculatory function and to enhance the ability of runners to sustain such loading.

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Chen, Ping, Xingliang He, and Wei Song. "Parameter Recognition of Mode-Converted Wave in Single-Source Ultrasound Using Gabor Transform for Bolt Axial Stress Evaluation." Journal of Sensors 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8883845.

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In this paper, a novel parameter recognition method of mode-converted wave in single-source ultrasound is put forward and applied to the estimation of axial stresses in bolts. To overcome the distortion and aliasing of the mode-converted wave in single-source ultrasonic signal, a time-frequency parameter recognition method based on the Gabor transform is introduced to recognize the accurate time of flight (TOF) of the mode-converted wave. Based on the mode conversion of the single-source longitudinal ultrasound, a new nonlinear evaluation model based on acoustoelastic equation is derived to determine the axial stress of bolt. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing it with the commonly used TOF ratio method of longitudinal wave and shear wave (L-S). The experiment result shows that the proposed method is more effective in detecting the connection status of bolted joints than the traditional L-S method.

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Takano, Yuta, Yuki Nagashima, M. Ángeles Herranz, Nazario Martín, and Takeshi Akasaka. "Thermodynamically stable [4 + 2] cycloadducts of lanthanum-encapsulated endohedral metallofullerenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (March 25, 2014): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.65.

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The [4 + 2] cycloaddition of o-quinodimethanes, generated in situ from the sultine 4,5-benzo-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin 2-oxide and its derivative, to La metal-encapsulated fullerenes, La2@C80 or La@C82, afforded the novel derivatives of endohedral metallofullerenes (3a,b, 4a,b and 5b). Molecular structures of the resulting compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods such as MALDI–TOF mass, optical absorption, and NMR spectroscopy. The [4 + 2] adducts of La2@C80 (3a,b, and 4a,b) and La@C82 (5b), respectively, retain diamagnetic and paramagnetic properties, as confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. Dynamic NMR measurements of 4a at various temperatures demonstrated the boat-to-boat inversions of the addend. In addition, 5b revealed remarkable thermal stability in comparison with the reported [4 + 2] cycloadduct of pentamethylcyclopentadiene and La@C82 (6). These findings demonstrate the utility of sultines to afford thermodynamically stable endohedral metallofullerene derivatives for the use in material science.

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Boyes, Natasha G., Janine Eckstein, Stephen Pylypchuk, Darcy D. Marciniuk, Scotty J. Butcher, Dana S. Lahti, Dalisizwe M. K. Dewa, Mark J. Haykowsky, Calvin R. Wells, and Corey R. Tomczak. "Effects of heavy-intensity priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and muscle oxygenation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 316, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): R199—R209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00290.2018.

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Exercise intolerance is a hallmark feature in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prior heavy exercise (“priming exercise”) speeds pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics in older adults through increased muscle oxygen delivery and/or alterations in mitochondrial metabolic activity. We tested the hypothesis that priming exercise would speed V̇o2p on-kinetics in patients with HFpEF because of acute improvements in muscle oxygen delivery. Seven patients with HFpEF performed three bouts of two exercise transitions: MOD1, rest to 4-min moderate-intensity cycling and MOD2, MOD1 preceded by heavy-intensity cycling. V̇o2p, heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and vastus lateralis tissue oxygenation index (TOI; near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured, interpolated, time-aligned, and averaged. V̇o2p and HR were monoexponentially curve-fitted. TPR and TOI levels were analyzed as repeated measures between pretransition baseline, minimum value, and steady state. Significance was P < 0.05. Time constant (τ; tau) V̇o2p (MOD1 49 ± 16 s) was significantly faster after priming (41 ± 14 s; P = 0.002), and the effective HR τ was slower following priming (41 ± 27 vs. 51 ± 32 s; P = 0.025). TPR in both conditions decreased from baseline to minimum TPR ( P < 0.001), increased from minimum to steady state ( P = 0.041) but remained below baseline throughout ( P = 0.001). Priming increased baseline ( P = 0.003) and minimum TOI ( P = 0.002) and decreased the TOI muscle deoxygenation overshoot ( P = 0.041). Priming may speed the slow V̇o2p on-kinetics in HFpEF and increase muscle oxygen delivery (TOI) at the onset of and throughout exercise. Microvascular muscle oxygen delivery may limit exercise tolerance in HFpEF.

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Horchani, Ali, Yassine Nouira, Kais Nouira, Haikel Bedioui, Emna Menif, and Zoubeir Ben Safta. "Hydatid Cyst of the Adrenal Gland: A Clinical Study of Six Cases." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 2420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.375.

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Hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland (HCAG) is an exceptional occurrence. We report our experience of six cases of HCAG and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this hydatid localization. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical files of six patients admitted to our institution from January 1990 to December 2000 for HCAG. Patients varied in age from 24—59 years. They were five males and one female. One patient had a history of pulmonary hydatidosis treated surgically 10 years previously. Five patients presented with lumbar pain and one patient had bouts of hypertension, headache, and palpitation. Physical examination was normal except in one patient who was hypertensive. Preoperative diagnosis was highly suggested by ultrasonography. CT scan performed in all cases clearly showed the relationship of the cyst with adjacent organs. Serology tests were positive in two cases. One patient had elevated urine VMA and was operated on with the diagnosis of cystic phaeochromocytoma. All six patients were operated on and had either an adrenalectomy (two cases) or partial pericystectomy (four cases). In one case, partial pericystectomy was conducted through a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The hydatid nature of the cyst was confirmed pathologically. All patients had a smooth postoperative course with no cystic recurrence on follow-up. The diagnosis of HCAG is based mainly on ultrasonography and CT scan. Surgery with either partial or total excision of the cyst, with or without preservation of the adrenal gland, is the treatment of choice.

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Divedi, Dhiraj R. "A Nobel Approach Towards Designing A Personalizing bot to Reduce Human Efforts." Journal of Advanced Research in Embedded System 07, no. 01 (March 26, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3802.202003.

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A bot is “a computer program that completes automatic repetitive tasks.” To expand on this definition, bots also act as the primary tool for autosmating interactions and meeting with website content on a large scale.When thinking about bots, however, it’s important to maintain viewpoint. Bots are a software that are becoming easier to implement. They can serve a variety of purposes and what they ultimately accomplish is dependent on the humans that control them. With BOT, one gets to understand with the ability to connect with them on a level where they feel understood, listened to and accommodated.

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Creelman, Jim. "Influence of Mental Practice on Development of Voluntary Control of a Novel Motor Acquisition Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.319.

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The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether mental practice facilitates the development of voluntary control over the recruitment of the abductor hallucis muscle to produce isolated big toe abduction. A sample of convenience of 15 women and 20 men with a mean age of 28.8 yr. ( SD = 5.7) and healthy feet, who were unable voluntarily to abduct the big toe, were randomly assigned to one of three groups, a mental practice group, a physical practice group, and a group who performed a control movement during practice. Each subject received neuromuscular electrical stimulation to introduce the desired movement prior to each of five practice bouts over a single session lasting 2 hr. Big toe abduction active range of motion and surface electromyographic (EMG) output of the abductor hallucis and extensor digitorum brevis muscles were measured prior to the first practice bout and following each practice bout, yielding seven acquisition trials. Acquisition is defined as an improvement in both active range of motion and in the difference between the integrated EMG of the abductor hallucis and extensor digitorum brevis muscles during successive acquisition trials. Seven members of both the mental and physical practice groups and one member of the control group met the acquisition criteria. Chi-square analysis indicated the group difference was statistically significant, suggesting mental practice was effective for this task.

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Kouřimská, Lenka, Jaroslav Čítek, Kateřina Zadinová, Monika Okrouhlá, Zdeňka Panovská, Ynus Khatri, and Roman Stupka. "Sensory quality of meat from crossbred boars in relation to their age and slaughter weight." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 5 (November 8, 2018): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/151/2018-cjfs.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age of boars and their slaughter weights on the pleasantness and intensity of pork meat taste and odour. A total of 652 sensory evaluations of meat samples from sixteen crossbred entire male pigs aged 121 to 136 days with slaughter weight of 80–120 kg were performed by sensory profiling method. The age was a greater factor influencing the level of boar taint than the slaughter weight of animals. There were significant differences in the intensity of boar odour between categories of young animals (121 days) and old animals (135–136 days) (P = 0.0473) and between categories of adult animals (128 days) and old animals (P = 0.0194). Among the evaluated descriptors stronger correlations were calculated between olfactometric than between taste descriptors. Significant correlations were found between androstenone levels in subcutaneous fat and the results of sensory evaluation of muscle samples from the oldest animals aged 135–136 days.

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Nasher, Essam, Lee Yook Heng, Zuriati Zakaria, and Salmijah Surif. "Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/975781.

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This paper reports the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water around the Island and their probable sources. Water samples were collected from four jetties and three marine fish farms around the main Langkawi Island and analysed for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in December 2010. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 6.1 ± 0.43 to 46 ± 0.42 μgL−1, which exceed the maximum admissible concentrations of PAHs (0.20 μgL−1) for the water standard of European Union. The calculated diagnostic benzo[a]anthracene : benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene ratio of between 0.52 and 1.0 suggests that the sources of PAHs at the majority of the stations studied are derived primarily from pyrogenic sources, from incomplete fuel combustion of the boats and vehicle engines, with lesser amounts of PAHs contributed from petrogenic sources. Some stations displayed mixed sources. A significant positive correlation was found between total organic carbon (TOC) and the concentrations of the high-molecular-weight PAHs (r2=0.86,P<0.05), which suggests significant secondary sources of PAHs, such as those from atmospheric deposition.

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Leitão, Francisco, Pedro Range, and Miguel Baptista Gaspar. "SURVIVAL ESTIMATES OF BYCATCH INDIVIDUALS DISCARDED FROM BIVALVE DREDGES." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 62, no. 4 (December 2014): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592014067006204.

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The fate of released bycatch is an issue of great interest for fisheries research and management. Survival experiments were carried out to assess the survival capacity of animals damaged and discarded during clam dredging operations. Three common bycatch species, two fish (Trachinus vipera; Dicologlossa cuneata) and one crab (Polybius henslowii), were collected during the sorting of catches from a commercial dredging boat. An arbitrary score scale was used to quantify the type and extent of damage to the organisms. Onboard, damaged individuals were placed in tanks containing seawater which were subsequently transferred to the laboratory. Survival experiments were conducted during the subsequent 48h. D. cuneata exhibited the lowest mortality after 48h (54%), followed by P. henslowii (65%) and T. vipera (81%). Despite the magnitude of the percentage mortalities determined, the average number of individuals estimated to die during a 15 minutes tow (standard commercial fishing time) was relatively small: 1.2, 3.24 and 11 for D. cuneata, T. vipera and P. henslowii, respectively. Nevertheless, when these figures are extrapolated to cover all the dredging fleet the impact of this practice on the populations of the species studied can be significant, particulary for D. cuneata.

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Surata, I. Wayan, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia, and Dwiki Marsetio Widagdo. "Promoting natural fiber from bark of Hibiscus tiliaceus as rope to reduce marine pollution from microplastic fiber yield from synthetic rope." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015804007.

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Synthetic ropes are popular for application in marine boat as docking, anchor, tow, and sailing. The advantages of synthetic ropes are waterproof, strong and durable, can be designed for sinks or floats and able to stretches. Synthetic ropes are stronger, more resistant to rotting than ropes created from natural fibers. Synthetic ropes also possess certain disadvantages of slipperiness, and can be damaged more easily by UV light. Synthetic ropes is recognizes as a source of microplastic fiber pollutant in marine area. In this work a bark of Hibiscus tiliaceus three is introduced as candidate source of natural fiber for rope to reduce number of microplastic fiber pollutant from synthetic rope. The bark was taken from a trunk with diameter around 20 cm. The bark was immersed in water for 7 days and subsequently was soaked in 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours. Fiber obtained then was dried. It was prepared 7 valid single fiber samples. The average of tensile strength of single fiber obtained by using this method is found around 44.604 MPa. The average of Modulus elasticity E is found 365.864 MPa. The failure strain is found 11.6 %.

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Chertenko, Liliya. "DEVELOPMENT OF A BOOT-TREE MOLD FOR MANUFACTURING RIDING BOOTS." Fashion Industry, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2020.4.2.

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The production of such footwear as riding boots requires additional equipment like a special mold for the formation of bootlegs, which are made using intermediate frame parts to ensure rigidity and preserving shape. The special mold of riding boots is a stylized shape of the leg from its foot to knee. The lower part corresponding to the shoe last is designed based on the parameters of the average foot, taking into account the requirements of biomechanics, physiology, and aesthetic features of the shoe style. The upper part repeats the parameters of the shin and has a specifi c asymmetrical shape, which ensures a stylish and perfect form of the riding boot. To obtain the initial data for designing the mold, there were performed anthropometric measurements of the shins of young women whose feet sizes correspond to the average ones in the selected sample. Designing of the lower part of the mold was carried out on the basis of the average parameters of the foot in Crispin LastMaker software complex using the method of reverse engineering. Designing of the general shape was performed in the PowerShape software environment by means of the features of surface, solid, and hybrid modeling. This type of boots must be made with several width-girth parameters, and the possibility to make boots with diff erent designs must be provided. Therefore, in order to e ff ectively use the molding means (a boot-tree), in the work, there was proposed the transforming mold, which allows making boots of diff erent widths and with diff erent shapes of the toe part due to its struc ture consisting of four parts changing the relative position and individual elements due to which it is possible to achieve multipurpose usage. Objective. Development of an improved shape, design, and method of designing a boot-tree molding means based on the foot 3d scan and shin measurements using the features of modern CAD software.Topicality of the work is based on the need to equip footwear production with the advanced lasts and molding means taking into account the requirements of ergonomics and fashionable design. Novelty. The proposed structure of the boot-tree developed on the basis of foot measurements is designed using a combination of reverse and direct modeling of the shape, which allows achieving the ideal and unique 3D shape combining ergonomic features and beautiful design. Such design method allows using the available digital equipment to obtain the initial data.

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Amitrano, Fernando N., Santiago D. Gutierrez-Nibeyro, and David J. Schaeffer. "Effect of hoof boots and toe-extension shoes on the forelimb kinetics of horses during walking." American Journal of Veterinary Research 77, no. 5 (May 2016): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.77.5.527.

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Stein, M., N. Shlamkovitch, A. Finestone, and C. Milgrom. "Marcher's Digitalgia Paresthetica Among Recruits." Foot & Ankle 9, no. 6 (June 1989): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078900900611.

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In a prospective study of 30 male Israeli military recruits a 47% incidence of digitalgia paresthetica was found. The mean time of onset of symptoms was in the fourth week of training. The numbness was bilateral in 11 of 14 of the cases and the mean number of toes involved was 4.5. The first toe was the most commonly involved (11 of 14 patients). No correlation between shoe type (either 3/4 running shoes or standard military boots) was found. At 9-month follow-up, 7 of 9 affected recruits reviewed were asymptomatic. This finding suggests that marcher's digitalgia paresthetica is a neuropraxia. In this study, it developed during the early phases of march training when recruits are adapting to marching with heavy pack and rifle.

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Yoon, Gun-Gu, Tae-Gu Kim, and Dong-Hyung Lee. "A Study on the Improvement of Plastic Boat Manufacturing Process Using TOC & Statistical Analysis." Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering 39, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11627/jkise.2016.39.1.130.

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Januszko-Szakiel, Aneta, Paloma Korycińska, and Aleksandra Dereń. "Infobrokering project management in line with the Theory of Constraints - a case study." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 58, no. 2(116) (December 30, 2020): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.729.

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Purpose/Thesis: The paper aims to introduce practical applications of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), developed by the Israeli physicist Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Special attention is paid to the TOC-derived project management methodology called the Critical Chain Concept, seldom yet successfully applied in business practice. An attempt to have TOC implemented in the management of an infobrokering project is reported. Approach/Methods: Two methods were applied: (1) a critical review of the literature on the subject, (2) a case study for the purpose of which both a participatory and non-participatory observation was pursued, as well as a review and appraisal of the existing documentation reflecting the successive stages of the infobrokering project, along with an in-depth interview. Results and conclusions: The case study indicates that TOC, especially the critical chain concept, boasts an appreciable potential in optimising infobrokering projects, as it allows to: (1) expose the concealed, deep-rooted, and disadvantageous routines in project implementation, (2) identify the inherent constraints in the project, not so much in terms of embarrassing errors (blunders), but rather as the non-removable events/components, axiologically indifferent, yet requiring remedial measures, (3) realise that the factors routinely deemed conducive may in fact prove the actual constraints themselves, (4) enhance overall executive effectiveness by identifying and strengthening the weakest link in the project processes, (5) achieve improvements in the company’s performance without incurring significant expenditure. Originality/Value: There are no published Polish studies focusing strictly on TOC in terms of information science perspective. The present paper is meant to partially address this deficit with regard to the practice of infobrokering.

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洪國財, 洪國財, 許菱雅許菱雅, and 洪煌堯洪煌堯. "國小學生集體共構達悟族大船文化知識之知識翻新活動." 教育研究月刊, no. 324 (April 2021): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/168063602021040324003.

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有鑑於108學年度施行的十二年國教強調自主行動、溝通互動，以及社會參與，要求具備理解本土事務以及關心本土文化的教育理念，本研究擬探討融入知識翻新活動於國小大船文化課程，對原住民學生的學習歷程與成就之影響。研究問題聚焦在了解學生如何集體建構文化知識的學習歷程與成果。本研究採個案研究，研究對象為蘭嶼鄉朗島國小七位達悟族六年級學生，教學設計包含想法中心的知識翻新活動及線上學習平台的輔助。本研究採用質性研究的描述方式，分析平台上學生集體建構的文化知識與課程中學生個別手繪大船文化心智圖的資料是否具有一致性。研究發現，知識翻新活動能有效形成社群的學習共同體、幫助學生集體共構社群知識，以及提升個人大船文化知識與理解。本研究並對教學創新和文化知識學習提出建言。

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Jandásek, J., R. Gál, I. Ingr, M. Sládek, and F. Poul. "Meat quality in two hybrid slaughter lines of pigs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 5 (December 12, 2011): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4303-cjas.

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We evaluated two hybrid slaughter lines, progeny of hybrid parent gilts (LW × L) and D or LW – sire line terminal boars. Within two trials (with a six-month interval between them) the data on 40 animals were acquired; 20 hybrid pigs were sired by Duroc and 20 by LW terminal boars. Post-mortem changes were described by pH, conductivity, redox potential, remission and drip loss. Dry matter, intramuscular fat and myoglobin content were determined. Sensory tests evaluated aroma, flavour and texture. The results can be summarised as follows: post-mortem changes were adequate to normal quality meat. Remission values, drip loss and intramuscular fat content were higher in the hybrids sired by D. The hybrids sired by LW showed higher values of myoglobin content and their meat had better aroma. Total sensory evaluation was in favour of the hybrid progeny of D. The differences between the two trials could be explained by the use of different sires, the interval between the trials (6 months), impact of season and slight differences in feeding technique. However, the majority of the values fell within the category “optimal” quality of pork, therefore this trend in hybridisation could become one of the possible ways of pig breeding in the Czech Republic.  

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Camiñas, Juan A., José C. Báez, Xulio Valeiras, and Raimundo Real. "Differential loggerhead by-catch and direct mortality due to surface longlines according to boat strata and gear type." Scientia Marina 70, no. 4 (December 30, 2006): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70n4661.

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González Menéndez, Lidia. "Lengua, escritura y arraigo en la obra de Kim Thúy." Çédille 10 (April 1, 2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/ced.v10i.5558.

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Québécoise d’adoption, vietnamienne d’origine, Kim Thúy envisage l’écriture comme un endroit d’enracinement face à l’exil. La protagoniste de Ru (2009), sa première publication, se reconstruit soi-même et construit sa relation avec autrui dans un récit autobiographique où le périple tragique des boat-people articule une chronique personnelle presque intimiste, qui ne met pas l’accent sur l’exil mais sur la renaissance et la réconciliation. Ecrite à deux mains avec Pascal Janovjac, auteur de nationalité suisse avec ascendance franco-slovaque, À toi (2011) est une création hybride mélangeant roman épistolaire et correspondance entre écrivains à travers un océan et six fuseaux horaires. Tout en représentant le nomadisme et l’exil des co-auteurs, cette œuvre donne du relief à l’enracinement et représente l´écriture comme la célébration des mots.

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Brenner Kasai, Regina Célia. "AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM: UM PROJETO VIVIDO." Revista Diálogo Educacional 1, no. 2 (July 17, 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rde.v1i2.3289.

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A avaliação, apesar de proclamada como parte do processo ensino - aprendizagem, mereceu sempre, no cotidiano das práticas pedagógicas, um lugar de destaque na preocupação e no imaginário de alunos e professores. O fato de alunos universitários viverem em “busca da nota” é um fato histórico. Revela o lugar que a prova e a nota ocupam durante a vida escolar. Vestibulinhos, semana de provas, divulgação em edital das notas, boletins com notas azuis e vermelhas, todos tivemos estas experiências. Mais que qualquer discurso, estes fatos mostravam, desde muito cedo, o que é importante fazer na escola para ser bom aluno. Tirar boas notas! Não é a toa o verbo que se emprega. Tirar, arrancar, extrair, fazer sair algo antes depositado, contido e agora posto à mostra, revelado.

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KUEHN, A., C. SCHULZE, P. KUTZER, C. PROBST, A. HLINAK, A. OCHS, and R. GRUNOW. "Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 4 (July 17, 2012): 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001008.

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SUMMARYA total of 2475 animals from Germany, both captive and wild, were tested for antibodies againstFrancisella tularensisto obtain more knowledge about the presence of this pathogen in Germany. An indirect and a competitive ELISA served as screening methods, positive and inconclusive samples were confirmed by Western blot. Of the zoo animals sampled between 1992 and 2007 (n = 1122), three (0·3%) were seropositive. The seroconversion of a hippopotamus in Berlin Zoo was documented. From 1353 serum samples of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and wild boars (Sus scrofa), collected between 2005 and 2009 in the federal state of Brandenburg (surrounding Berlin), a total of 101 (7·5%) tested positive for antibodies toF. tularensislipopolysaccharide. Our results indicate a higher seroprevalence ofF.tularensisin wildlife in eastern Germany than commonly assumed. Furthermore, we found foxes and raccoon dogs to be biological indicators for tularaemia.

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Woudstra, Cedric, Dominic Lambert, Fabrizio Anniballi, Dario De Medici, John Austin, and Patrick Fach. "Genetic Diversity of the Flagellin Genes of Clostridium botulinum Groups I and II." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 13 (April 19, 2013): 3926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00686-13.

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ABSTRACTBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by phenotypically and genetically differentClostridiumspecies, includingClostridium botulinumand some strains ofClostridium baratii(serotype F) andClostridium butyricum(serotype E). BoNT-producing clostridia responsible for human botulism encompass strains of group I (secreting proteases, producing toxin serotype A, B, or F, and growing optimally at 37°C) and group II (nonproteolytic, producing toxin serotype E, B, or F, and growing optimally at 30°C). Here we report the development of real-time PCR assays for genotypingC. botulinumstrains of groups I and II based on flaVR (variable region sequence offlaA) sequences and theflaBgene. Real-time PCR typing of regions flaVR1 to flaVR10 andflaBwas optimized and validated with 62 historical and CanadianC. botulinumstrains that had been previously typed. Analysis of 210 isolates of European origin allowed the identification of four newC. botulinumflaVR types (flaVR11 to flaVR14) and one new flaVR type specific toC. butyricumtype E (flaVR15). The genetic diversity of the flaVR amongC. botulinumstrains investigated in the present study reveals the clustering of flaVR types into 5 major subgroups. Subgroups 1, 3, and 4 contain proteolyticClostridium botulinum, subgroup 2 is made up of nonproteolyticC. botulinumonly, and subgroup 5 is specific toC. butyricumtype E. The genetic variability of the flagellin genes carried byC. botulinumand the possible association of flaVR types with certain geographical areas make gene profiling of flaVR andflaBpromising in molecular surveillance and epidemiology ofC. botulinum.

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Kästner, Carolyn, Peter Bahn, Ralph Schönfelder, Zanda Ozoliņa, Laura Alksne, Martin Heinrich Richter, Gunita Deksne, Anne Mayer-Scholl, and Annette Johne. "Development of a Novel Method for Identification of Alaria alata Mesocercariae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081664.

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Alaria (A.) alata mesocercariae (AM) have increasingly appeared as incidental findings during the mandatory inspection of wild boars for Trichinella in many European countries. An Alaria spp.-specific PCR is available for the identification of AM; however, it is time- and cost-intensive. Therefore, we propose a rapid and cost-efficient MALDI-TOF assay for the identification of AM in wild boar meat that can be applied in routine diagnostics. In this study, a fast and methodologically simple protocol for the protein extraction of AM from different host species in different countries was established, and an AM-specific reference spectra database was created as part of the ongoing development of an existing Trichinella spp. database. A formic acid protein extraction was performed after pooling 10 AM from the same host individual. In total, 61 main spectra profiles (MSPs) from different host individuals were stored in an AM-specific MSP library. The cluster analysis of these 61 MSPs indicated a possible variation within the A. alata species with a tentative association with the geographical origin of the host, but not the host species. This MALDI-TOF assay allows for a fast verification of the AM isolates, which is the next step in the development of a universal database for the identification of several parasites isolated from meat.

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Priyawan, Pepen, Alisya Rusdianti, Adinda Nurfauziah, and Asmarani Asmarani. "WHEN FANS AND HATERS ARE ON THE SAME BOAT: A DECONSTRUCTIVE READING OF BOWO AND TIK TOK." Makna (Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya) 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/makna.v4i1.1676.

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This study analyses the viral impact of Bowo, a teenage celebrity from TikTok (a socialmedia site) as well as comments from netizens who happened to be Bowo’s fans orhaters. In addition, the study used theories of cultural studies from Derrida, Adorno andHorkheimer to analyze the entertainment industry as well as netizens, both fans andhaters of Bowo. The role and judgments of fans and haters of Bowo will be shown to seethe paradoxes and parallel of this phenomenon. Thus, the study applied a descriptivequalitative method to analyze data. The results indicate that although netizens know thatwhat they see in TikTok may be fabricated, some netizens still felt deceived by Bowo’sappearances in TikTok. Those feelings were shown in their comments in social media. Inaddition to feeling deceived, the results show how female teenagers who engaged inonline discussions regarding Bowo seemed torn into adoring and abhorring Bowo.

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47

Zeeuw, Diane. "Case Study: The Development and Evolution of the Creative Arts Practice-led PhD at the University of Melbourne, Victorian College of the Arts." Leonardo 50, no. 5 (October 2017): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01407.

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Many art academics within U.S. institutions have little understanding of the Creative Arts PhD. Moreover, this has lead to the proliferation of a great deal of misinformation as U.S. academics struggle to sift through a growing body of literature on the subject. The author, who believes there is a very real and demonstrated need for more critical “nuts and bolts” or basic information on how such programs have been developed, implemented, staffed and legitimated, created a case study that focuses upon the developmental path and outcomes of a practice-led Creative Arts PhD program. A primary goal of the study was to critically assess the viability of applying the gathered data/findings toward the development of an appropriately adjusted program within a specific U.S. institution. Access to the complete “Case Study: The Development and Evolution of the Creative Arts Practice-led PhD at the University of Melbourne, Victorian College of the Arts” is available on www.mitpressjournals.org/toc/leon/50/5 .

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Fram, Jonathan P., Maureen A. Martin, and Mark T. Stacey. "Dispersive Fluxes between the Coastal Ocean and a Semienclosed Estuarine Basin." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3078.1.

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Abstract Scalar exchange between San Francisco Bay and the coastal ocean is examined using shipboard observations made across the Golden Gate Channel. The study consists of experiments during each of the following three “seasons”: winter/spring runoff (March 2002), summer upwelling (July 2003), and autumn relaxation (October 2002). Within each experiment, transects across the channel were repeated approximately every 12 min for 25 h during both spring and neap tides. Velocity was measured from a boat-mounted ADCP. Scalar concentrations were measured at the surface and from a tow-yoed SeaSciences Acrobat. Net salinity exchange rates for each season are quantified with harmonic analysis. Accuracy of the net fluxes is confirmed by comparison with independently measured values. Harmonic results are then decomposed into flux mechanisms using temporal and spatial correlations. In this study, the temporal correlation of cross-sectionally averaged salinity and velocity (tidal pumping flux) is the largest part of the dispersive flux of salinity into the bay. From the tidal pumping flux portion of the dispersive flux, it is shown that there is less exchange than was found in earlier studies. Furthermore, tidal pumping flux scales strongly with freshwater flow resulting from the density-driven movement of a tidally trapped eddy and stratification-induced increases in ebb–flood frictional phasing. Complex bathymetry makes salinity exchange scale differently with flow than would be expected from simple tidal asymmetry and gravitational circulation models.

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Castelblanco-Martínez, D. N., M. P. Blanco-Parra, P. Charruau, B. Prezas, I. Zamora-Vilchis, and C. A. Niño-Torres. "Detecting, counting and following the giants of the sea: a review of monitoring methods for aquatic megavertebrates in the Caribbean." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19008.

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Abstract The Caribbean is a mega-diverse and bio-geographically important region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands, and surrounding coastlines. Among the billions of aquatic species inhabiting this region, the mega-vertebrates stand out for their social, economic and ecologic relevance. However, the Caribbean has been threatened by climate change, poverty, pollution, environmental degradation and intense growth of the tourism industry, affecting megafauna species directly and indirectly. Population monitoring plays a critical role in an informed conservation process and helps guide management decisions at several scales. The aim of the present review was to critically examine the methods employed for monitoring marine megafauna in the Caribbean, so as to create a framework for future monitoring efforts. In total, 235 documents describing protocols for the monitoring of sirenians, cetaceans, elasmobranchs, sea turtles and crocodilians in the Caribbean region, were reviewed. The methods included community-based monitoring (interviews, citizen science and fisheries monitoring), aerial surveys (by manned and unmanned aerial vehicles), boat-based surveys (including manta tow, and side-scan sonars), land-based surveys, acoustic monitoring, underwater surveys, baited remote underwater video, mark–recapture, photo-identification and telemetry. Monitoring efforts invested on aquatic megafauna in the Caribbean have been highly different, with some species and/or groups being prioritised over others. The present critical review provides a country-based overview of the current and emerging methods for monitoring marine megafauna and a critical evaluation of their known advantages, disadvantages and biases.

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Grandhi, R. R., E. T. Kornegay, H. P. Veit, and M. D. Lindemann. "A Radiographic Characterization of Toe Length Disparity and its Relation to Nutrition and Structural Unsoundness in Boars, Barrows and Sows." Journal of Animal Science 62, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.6251172x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tow boats'

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