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1
Fricano, Russell J. "Book Review: Rural by Design: Planning for Town and Country." Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 4 (October 23, 2017): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17736590.
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Wu, Qing, Zhongyi Fan, Jintao Zhang, Qin Sun, and Junjie Yang. "Optimization Design And Simulation Of Microgrid In Amdjarass Town, Chad." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802015.
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How to supply electricity to the remote areas has become a very pressing issue for some countries which do not have the ability to connect all power grids to the whole country temporarily. At the same time, with the increase of fossil fuel costs and the continuous development of renewable energy generation technology, the construction of a hybrid renewable energy microgrid system seems to become an economic and technical approach to resolve the power shortage problem in the remote areas of some countries. Based on the analysis of local natural resources and load conditions, this paper designed a microgrid system which contains the wind turbines, PV systems, a diesel generator and an energy storage module to meet the power supply needs of the small town Amdjarass in Chad. Then the authors optimized the capacity of this microgrid and estimated the cost of this system with the utilization of HOMER software. In the end, this paper set the optimal configuration scheme with the target of the lowest COE and analyzed the sensitivity of some important parameters which could affect the economic performance.
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Wu, Si Biao, Hui Li, and Gang Liu. "Designing of Small Town Based on its Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1053.
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Small town’s characteristics are different and unique. Their characteristics development must be based on their objective reality, carrying on the scientific and reasonable planning, accurately assessment for themselves, and fully displaying of their social efficiency. Some small town's construction in our country lack respective characteristics, so now we urgently need to solve this problem, and find a method to cultivate the small town’s respective characteristics. The overall plan of small towns should link to the reality, deal with changes and innovation, while guaranteeing complete plan content and emphasizing more on characteristic design.
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Feng, Xin Qun, Chen Du, and Xiao Dong Liu. "Design & Research of the Traditional Waterfront Interface Houses in Shanghai Ecological Transformation - Pudong Ancient Shao Jia Lou Town House." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2667.
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The natural landscape of the pudong ancient town in Shanghai's waterfront with "bridges, water, people" rich in distinctive cultural landscape has always been popular. Rustic country setting and its rich cultural heritage have attracted many people to want to get to know it. Ancient town in Shanghai have been famous in the world too. "Authenticity" town folk culture is the essence of the town's cultural heritage. On one hand, the attention to the life of local residents and traditional architecture "authenticity" can revitalize traditional cultural heritage, promote tourism development and protection of ancient town. On the other hand, building ecology, energy conservation, and sustainability are the current world trend, most importantly the needs of the world's sustainable economic development. In this paper, taking Shao Jia Lou town house as an example for the transformation of the traditional waterfront interface, based on the waterfront interface environmental features, the adoption of the internal layout of the building materials and re-design the ventilation system, heating systems and new energy sources, ecological transformation has been carefully designed. In addition, some practical design studies have been done regarding the diversification of the use of small space. The precondition of making people aware of China's traditional ecological transformation of the waterfront interface is to extend the traditional culture, ancient town in Shanghai, protect and improve the waterfront environment and raise living standards.
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Punter, John. "Centenary paper: Planning and good design: indivisible or invisible?: A century of design regulation in English town and country planning." Town Planning Review 81, no. 4 (January 2010): 343–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2010.14.
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Wood, Susan. "The means of creative expression: design education for town and country New South Wales in the 1940s." History of Education Review 37, no. 2 (October 14, 2008): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08198691200800010.
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Boko-haya, Dossa Didier, Yadong Li, Koffi Togbenou, Saizhi Liu, Changrong Yao, and Bin Qiang. "Study on Strategic Planning of Road and Bridge Infrastructure Development in City Planning: Taking Porto-novo City of Benin Republic as Example." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815309002.
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Concern about the townlet infrastructure construction in developing country is one of the crucial part of county town planning and development. By taking the overall planning and design in a case study of Porto-novo city at Republic of Benin, this paper analyzes the characteristics and opportunities of Porto-novo city and puts forward corresponding infrastructure construction strategy. In the end, the paper comes up with specific plan of planning and design under the background of Porto-novo's planning of development strategy.
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Zairuddin, Nor Syafiqah, Noriah Othman, and Nurhayati Abdul Malek. "A Review on Tree Sensitive Urban Design (TSUD) Approach as potentials Streetscape Design Guidelines." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 13 (March 24, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2086.
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Green fabrics that comprise of roadside tree planting play a vital element in an urban ecosystem. Inappropriate roadside tree planting implementation and even during its post-execution of management practices affect streetscape quality of life (QOL). Roadside tree planting condition in every country and town in Malaysia tend to have different in quality as different authority conducts management and maintenance for different area. This study is to serve as a discussion of non-numerical data on the potential of attributes and approaches that can be executed in the Malaysian context.Keywords: Streetscape Design; Roadside Tree Planting; Tree Sensitive Urban Design TheoryeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2086
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Sun, Bai Tao, Qiang Zhou, and Pei Lei Yan. "Typical Seismic Damage Analysis of the Single-Story Reinforced Concrete Industrial Buildings in Hanwang Town in Wenchuan Earthquake." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.517.
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The Wenchuan earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008 (Beijing Time) caused great economical loss and large amount of buildings were destroyed. Many of single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings in Hanwang town located in the highly seismic region were damaged, and the damaging phenomenons are very typical. According to the damage survey and analysis of typical seismic damage for the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings located in Hanwang town, the damage distribution and failure characters of these buildings are summarized in this paper. The single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings which were designed according to current seismic design code have better earthquake resistant behavior than those old single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings and the damaging phenomenon show some new features. Finally, combining current seismic design code of our country and the earthquake damage lessons, some reasonable suggestions on the work of seismic strengthening and earthquake resistant design of the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings have been given.
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Hossain, Md Belal, and Mohammad Sorowar Hossain. "Demographic and Socioeconomic Homogeneity among Districts and District Towns in Bangladesh." Journal of Biomedical Analytics 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30577/jba.2019.v2n1.34.
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Exploring the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) at sub-national level is crucial as it associated with design, budget allocation and implementation of a research project. Since demographic and socioeconomic factors depict the first valuable insight of a community, it is imperative to explore the homogeneity within a country by considering these variables. Yet, the information on this aspect is scarce in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the district and district town specific homogeneity in Bangladesh. The data for this study were extracted from the most recent Housing and Population Census of the country, and the multivariate cluster analysis was employed to identify the natural groups or segments. We found that Bangladesh could be classified into three distinct clusters both at district and district town levels based on demographic and socioeconomic factors. The findings of this study would provide insights to the policymakers and researchers for designing and implementing community-based research initiatives, particularly in the area of public health and social science as well as market analysis research. The findings could also be helpful in the situation when the national representation of data is required with budget and time constraints.
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Jia, Ning, Wei Hu, and Dongquan Wang. "The mode of constructing the floating town in mining subsidence water area." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 7 (January 24, 2017): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17689917.
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As for unilateral utilization pattern and less effective treatment of mining subsidence water area, this research proposed a construction of a floating town in subsidence water area by exploring construction land. The planning layout and spatial model of the town were designed with the aid of three-dimensional digital simulation. In the proposed design scheme, the floating module consists of superstructure, floating foundation and mooring structures. The unit module was assembled into a floating organic system as required. Such approaches, in order to realize the ecological livable ‘beautiful China’ (ecological and sustainable country), try to propose a new idea to satisfy the contradiction between population growth and demand for land, and to minimize the use of arable land and preservation of the natural environment, as well as the expansion of construction land on green field sites and the promotion of new type urbanization.
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Wang, Pan, and Guo Qing Li. "Green.Energy-Saving.Comfortable - The Research of the Rural Residential Design in New Period." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.253.
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At present, China is in a period of rapid development of urbanization. However, the current focus of architectural design is mainly in the city, which makes rural residential development has lagged far behind in the town. In fact, in the country's vast rural areas still exists many problems, and the problems of energy-saving are still in the initial stage. Meanwhile, the future development of the rural areas will affect China's overall level of development directly, therefore, promoting and developing green building in rural areas, will be conducive to the sustainable development of our country. The thesis combines the practical problems of the rural areas, discussed the content of the rural residential energy conservation design in detail from the perspective of sustainable development, from the planning and layout, building materials, energy utilization and other aspects, in order to provide a reference for the development of rural residential energy conservation.
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Kalitanyi, Vivence, and Edwin Bbenkele. "Cultural values as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Cape Town-South Africa." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2017-0017.
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Purpose This paper aims to determine how cultural values (language and religion) impact on entrepreneurial intentions of students at the University of Cape Town, University of Stellenbosch University of the Western Cape and Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study was conducted under mixed-methods approach, using survey-correlational strategy. Primary data were collected from a sample of 278 students. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data which were coded and analysed using SPSS version 22. Findings The empirical findings reveal that the cultural variable of language influences entrepreneurial intentions among university students, while the variable of language was not found as such and this is in accordance with the literature reviewed. Research limitations/implications This study only concerned entrepreneurship university students in Cape Town. Though these universities host students from all corners of the country, their views cannot be said to represent the opinions of all other entrepreneurship students in the whole country. Practical implications These findings should encourage the stakeholders (learners, parents and educators) to use and practice the language that present the facilities in understanding more about entrepreneurship, such as the availability of written information. Social implications The study can be a catalyst to some societies which do not encourage their children to speak foreign languages to become aware of the advantages those languages do offer. Originality/value This is a unique study of its kind in Cape Town universities and presents findings that allow to know more than previously known about the topic of entrepreneurial intentions.
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Song, Xiao Yu, Shou Jin Wang, Yong Hui Wang, and Ming Zhao. "Design of Villages and Towns Flood Disaster Simulation and Emergency Decision Support System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.808.
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China is a country prone to natural disasters, especially the flood disaster. In order to improve the villages and towns flood emergency management, through a series of methods such as information management and simulation, the establishment of emergency decision support using information technology to reduce losses caused by floods, the visualization technology is used in the virtual reconstruction model of floods, intuitive way to simulate the dynamic spread of the process of the flood disaster, in a safe and economical method to obtain the number of indicators of disaster-related decision. It provides a new method and ideas, and then it gives a reliable basis for the flood prevention and emergency management. The visualization analysis and decision is achieved for the villages and towns flood control, and it provides great support for the villages and towns flood mitigation and prevention. The result shows that the system is useful and meaningful in the town flood mitigation.
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Okorie, V. N., and M. J. Omoregie. "Collapsed Buildings: Whose Fault – Clients, Engineers, Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Town Planners or Contractors?" October 2018 2, no. 2 (October 2018): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0082.
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Buildings collapses in the Nigerian major urban cites continues to engender an excessive number of fatalities, injuries and property damage. This study investigates whose fault, the clients, engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, town planner or contractors in the cause of incessant collapse of building in Lagos State. Two research approaches were employed - quantitative and interview protocol. The findings revealed that greed and engagement of quacks by building clients, lack of commitment by top management of contracting firms, bribery and corruption among town planning officers ranked highest. Thus, achieving sustainable environment, liveable, viable, quality buildings, and better performance deserves collective responsibilities of key participants in building construction delivery chain, particularly during the early planning and design stage. The study therefore, recommends that the key stakeholders should have a rethink and attitudinal change towards their roles and responsibilities in all matters concerning building construction process and save the country from wanton destruction of precious life and property resulting from incessant buildings collapses in our major urban cities.
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Cömert, Nevter Zafer, and Sebnem Önal Hoskara. "A Typo-Morphological Study: The Cmc Industrial Mass Housing District, Lefke, Northern Cyprus." Open House International 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2013-b0003.
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With the increasing number of universities in the country, research on urban form and architecture—with a focus on historic settlements—has accelerated in Cyprus in the last fifteen years. Lefke, a small traditional medieval town located on north-west Cyprus, warrants a detailed urban morphological study, as its traditional urban pattern has been shaped by a medieval character. Within its overall organic urban pattern, there are well-scaled narrow streets, a number of public buildings and irregularly shaped public spaces at the intersection of streets and/or in front of public buildings. Lefke's morphological characteristics, which have developed throughout many years, have been significantly impacted by British influences, as the Cyprus Mines Corporation (CMC), established in 1916, turned Lefke into an industrial town. The CMC district, which is the first industrial mass housing district in Cyprus, has uniquely impacted Lefke's urban patterns and still defines the morphological characteristics of the town today. Accordingly, this paper first explores urban morphology based on two pioneering morphological studies: Gianfranco Cannigia's theories of typo-morphological understanding, and the evolutionary insights of M.R.G. Conzen. The ultimate goal is to set up a typo-morphological basis for the CMC industrial mass housing district, which will drive future interventions, design and planning policies towards its conservation and sustainability.
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Daunora, Zigmas J. "URBANISTIKOS MOKSLO IR STUDIJŲ VIETOS LIETUVOS KLASIFIKATORIUOSE PARADOKSAI/PARADOXES OF POSITIONING URBAN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN THE LITHUANIAN CLASSIFICATORS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2008.32.221-231.
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Urban Design and Planning, being a significant field of architect’s professional activity, science and education, in the Lithuanian classificators of science (1998) and education (2001) is replaced by Land Management which is concerned with another field closely related to engineering management of rural territories. The paper discusses diferences in the conception of these disciplines, and need of correcting the classificators is suggested with intention to create reasonable development conditions for the science and education of urban design and planning corresponding to those existing in the other EU countries. Some of the conceptions and incorrectly used concepts of the Law on Territory Planning requiring changes are indicated. It is stated that during 11–19 years an inadequate approach to a complex and socially urgent matter, related with culture, science and art, has brought the urban development of the country to a situation having evident attributes of chaos. Most damage is done to the architecture of towns, where the role of urban design activity, defining the conceptions of built-up morphostructure, urban complexes and the architecture of public spaces, is essential. Sustainable compositional development of a town defining its individual image and aesthetic attraction also depends on the qualification of a participating architect urbanist and his role in a team of planners. A model of positioning urban design and planning in the systematic conception of architect’s professional activity, science and education as well as possibilities of supplementing the classificators are proposed. Santrauka Lietuvoje priimtuose mokslo (1998 m.) ir studijų (2001 m.) klasifikatoriuose reikšmingos architekto profesinės veiklos, mokslo ir studijų kryptys – urbanistinis projektavimas ir planavimas (Town and Country Planning) – pakeistos į kraštotvarką (Land Management) – kitos srities dalyką, artimą inžinerinio kaimo teritorijų tvarkymo vadybai. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami šių disciplinų sampratos skirtumai ir iškeliama klasifikatorių tikslinimo reikmė, siekiant atkurti urbanistikos mokslui ir studijoms priimtinas plėtojimo sąlygas, adekvačias egzistuojančioms kitose ES šalyse. Nurodomos su tuo susijusios kai kurios keistinos Teritorijų planavimo įstatymo nuostatos, pateikiamas urbanistikos vietos architekto profesinės veiklos, mokslo bei studijų sisteminėje sampratoje modelis ir klasifikatorių papildymo galimybės.
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Dana, Leo-Paul, Mehdi Tajpour, Aidin Salamzadeh, Elahe Hosseini, and Mahnaz Zolfaghari. "The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education on Technology-Based Enterprises Development: The Mediating Role of Motivation." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 22, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040105.
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Technology-based enterprises play a paramount role in blooming a country economically. Nevertheless, according to a society’s capacity to launch such enterprises in various eras, their volume is less than expected in many economies. Therefore, establishing such enterprises is necessary for developing any country, although its innovation system contributes to establishing them. This paper considers the impact of entrepreneurial education on technology-based enterprise development, including motivation as a mediator variable, in Esfahan Scientific and Industrial Town. Despite much research investigating the correlation between entrepreneurial education and technology-based enterprises’ progress, it seems that no study has already considered this correlation with remarking the motivation as a mediator variable. This applied research follows a quantitative research design. The statistical population includes 500 enterprises in the Esfahan Scientific and Industrial Town, and for sampling, Cochran’s formula was applied (n = 217). Additionally, the researcher-made questionnaire and PLS3 software were used for data gathering and analysis. The results demonstrated that entrepreneurial education elements (including entrepreneurial skill, entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial intention) positively affect technology-based enterprises’ development, considering motivation as a mediator variable. However, the impact of entrepreneurial intention on technology-based enterprises was not supported. It reveals that the entrepreneurial intention of motivated individuals could have a meaningful effect on the development of technology-based enterprises. Therefore, motivation is a critical issue to be considered by managers and policymakers while considering entrepreneurial education-related policies and initiatives.
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Chaturuka, Manlord, Rodney Graeme Duffett, and Norbert Haydam. "Crime perceptions among international leisure tourists in Cape Town." Safer Communities 19, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2020-0016.
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Purpose The main purpose of the study is to determine international leisure tourist perceptions with regard to crime, to assess the influence of demographic factors and to investigate the influence of prior, during and post-visit measures on international leisure tourists’ crime perceptions. Design/methodology/approach A personal intercept interview survey was used to collect the data at popular Cape Town (CT) tourist attractions via structured questionnaires. A generalized linear model was used to statistically assess respondents’ crime-related perceptions. Qualitative data was also generated via individual in-depth interviews, which were conducted among nine international leisure tourists. Findings The study found that international leisure tourists exhibited favorable sentiments regarding crime preparations; general safety information; post-visit crime related perceptions but were less positive about security safety information during their visit. International leisure tourists maintained that crime did not inhibit their activities and was not worse than anticipated during their visit. A majority of tourists indicated that they were not deterred by crime and would revisit CT. Research limitations/implications The research was limited to a single city and to English-speaking international leisure tourists. The study was cross sectional in nature and the number of data collection sites was limited to four of the popular tourist attractions in CT. Practical implications The study showed that a relatively high number of international leisure tourists had either witnessed or experienced crime in CT. Hence, a separate South African Police Service tourism protection unit could be established to help circumvent crime in CT. Originality/value The study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive overview of international leisure tourist crime perceptions, which included prior, during and post-visit measures, of one of the top tourist destinations in the world. Additionally, this study is one of the few recent endeavors to assess the influence of a broad range of demographic and crime-related factors on international leisure tourists’ prior, during and post-visit crime perceptions in an African developing country.
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Khosa, Risimati Maurice, and Vivence Kalitanyi. "Migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2014-0011.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town, South Africa, as there is limited research on immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research was conducted under mixed methods paradigm where primary data were gathered from a sample of 93 participants using the convenience sampling technique. Data were gathered through a survey of 72 semi-structured personal interviews and 21 self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 21. Findings – The empirical research unveiled that immigrant entrepreneurs migrate into South Africa for different reasons: political instability and economic reasons were the chief reasons for migration. Immigrants engage into necessity entrepreneurship as a need to survive in the host country and to confront discrimination in the job market. Therefore, immigrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town are pushed, rather than pulled, towards entrepreneurship. Practical implications – This paper also suggests further research that will evaluate education levels of immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa, as there is a controversy about the education levels of immigrant entrepreneurs. Social implications – South Africans need to understand that African foreign entrepreneurs are job creators rather than job takers and to be aware of the skills brought into the country by these entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the current study contributes to peaceful cohabitation between South Africans and African foreign entrepreneurs. Originality/value – This paper provides an empirical analysis of migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa and also provides an entrepreneurial migration progression.
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Petersen Williams, Petal, Esmé Jordaan, Catherine Mathews, Carl Lombard, and Charles D. H. Parry. "Alcohol and Other Drug Use during Pregnancy among Women Attending Midwife Obstetric Units in the Cape Metropole, South Africa." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/871427.
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Little is known about the nature and extent of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa, despite the very high levels of AOD use in this part of the country. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant women attending 11 Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) in greater Cape Town. A two-stage cluster survey design was used. In total, 5231 pregnant women were screened to assess self-reported prevalence estimates. Of these, 684 (13.1%) were intentionally subsampled and completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and provided a urine sample for biological screening. Urinalyses showed that 8.8% (95% CI: 6.7–10.9) of the subsample tested positive for at least one illicit drug. This is higher than the self-reported prevalence (3.6%). In addition, 19.6% (95% CI: 16.3–22.8) of the sub-sample tested positive for alcohol which is lower than the self-reported prevalence (36.9%). There are high levels of substance use among pregnant women attending public sector antenatal clinics. There is a need for routine screening for AOD use and appropriate responses depending on the women’s level of risk.
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Ebrahimi, Mansoureh, and Kamaruzaman Yusoff. "The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Mosques in Malaysia." Asian Culture and History 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v10n2p45.
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According to Malaysia Town and Country Planning Guideline and Standards (2002), two major considerations related to mosque usage and management are sufficient areas for both building and adjacent open space. As a sacred place for prostration to Almighty God, individually or in groups, mosque architecture has evolved considerably, from very simple designs and functions to more sophisticated forms and layouts. In Malaysia, various races have significantly influenced mosque design and function. The present work describes this evolution in terms of well-known mosques via qualitative observations and documentation, from earliest to latest architectural developments. Our findings demonstrate that architectural evolution and/or transformation did not alter the mosque’s main function from an Islamic perspective. Nonetheless, designs and structure did benefit usage, to include the attraction of tourists.
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Amoding, Moreen, and David Mwesigwa. "Gender equality and the effectiveness of primary education in Katosi town council, Mukono district in central Uganda." Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education 1, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v1i2.434.
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Purpose: This study aimed to assess ways by which Gender Equality affects primary education in Mukono District Research methodology: This study is a case study that concentrates on a single institute to provide information that can be used in similar businesses to establish the effect of gender equality on primary school. A case study as the research design was preferred because it helps to measure the relationship among variables. A random sampling technique was applied in the study to produce more reliable results. Results: Results indicate that majority of pupils said that three pupils shared one text book. Also, schools only hire highly skilled teachers that a helping in the accessibility of gender equal skilled teachers that a helping in the primary education. Limitations: The study covered only one town council in one district local government and so the results may not be generalized across the country or region. Contribution: The results of this study can be useful to educationists and policy planners. Keywords: Gender, Gender equality, Primary schools, UPE
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Gritsenko, V. V., L. V. Ostapenko, and I. A. Subbotina. "The Importance of Civil, Ethnic and Regional Identity for Residents from Small Russian Towns and its Determinants." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 4 (2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110412.
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Objective. The objective of the study is to analyze the subjective significance attached by residents of small towns to civil, ethnic and regional identities and to identify its determinants. Background. The growth of uncertainty and social and economic instability in society actualize the processes in the social identification of the person. Under these conditions the study of civic, ethnic and regional identities of residents from provincial towns in the Russian Federation as an important resource for group solidarity is of particular importance. Study design. The authors rely on H. Tajfel and J. Turner’s theory of social identity. We conducted a survey among residents in the town Belev, Tula region, and the town Staritsa, Tver region, characterized by mono-ethnicity, negative demographic dynamics, remoteness from the capital and its regional centers. Participants. The study involved 600 ethnic Russians (50.8% women). The quota sample in both towns included three age groups: 16—29 years old, 30—49 years old, 50 and older, each group included 100 people. Measurements. The questionnaire was developed and tested at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. The questions are aimed at determining the identification degree of respondents with various social groups, as well as assessing satisfaction with various aspects of life and confidence in their own future and the future of their town. For data processing we used methods of descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, multiple regression analysis, SPSS 18.0. Results. We have found high rates of subjective significance of civic, ethnic and regional identities for respondents. Moreover residents of small towns identify themselves more with representatives of their folk, less with residents of their town/region and even less with citizens of their country. The determinants of the subjective significance in the investigated types of identity for old people are satisfaction with various aspects of life, while residents in town Belev have unlimited love for their native town, pride and faith in its future prosperity. Conclusions. The study showed that residents of small towns are looking for reliance, support and protection, primarily in identification with their ethnic group. The resource for maintaining positive self-determination is also regional identity. Moreover regional identity in this case plays an important consolidating role acting as a mechanism for the social integration of civil society.
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Moffat, A. J. "The geological input to the reclamation process in forestry." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.67.
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AbstractA geological understanding of a site is important if it is to be reclaimed successfully for a forestry after-use. Comprehensive site investigations before mineral extraction enable sensible decisions to be made concerning landform and drainage design, cultivation methods and species selection. Land given back to forestry is often of poor quality, and geological information helps to maximise the opportunities available. These points are illustrated with recent examples from British forestry practice.The Town and Country Planning (Minerals) Act 1981 is discussed with reference to reclamation to forestry. The aftercare condition imposed by the Act makes treatments of the land such as drainage, cultivation and fertilising the concern of the mineral operator for 5 years following restoration. However, compared with other land uses, forestry is more profoundly affected by the restoration process. Hence, early consultations between planner and forester are essential.
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PIMANMAS, A., P. JOYKLAD, and P. WARNITCHAI. "STRUCTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINE FOR TSUNAMI EVACUATION SHELTER." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 04, no. 04 (December 2010): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431110000868.
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The tsunami that hit the Andaman beach of Thailand on 26 December 2004 demonstrated the need for safe evacuation shelter for the public. However, there exists no guideline for designing such a shelter. In response to this need, the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) funded a project to develop the guidelines for designing tsunami shelters. The results of the project have been published as a design manual for tsunami resistant shelter. In this paper, the design approaches for such tsunami shelters are described. The shelters are classified into two categories: (1) shelter in the area where large debris is unlikely and (2) shelter in the area where large debris is likely. In the former case, a static load of a certain magnitude representing small-to-medium debris is assumed to act at random points on the structure at the inundation depth. In the latter case, the work-energy principle is adopted to balance kinetic energy of large moving mass with the work done through energy-absorbing devices installed around the perimeter of the lower floors of the building. In both cases, the structure consists of a main inner structure and an outer protection structure. The function of the main structure is to provide usable spaces for evacuees, whereas the outer protection structure protects the inner structure from debris impact. The main structure is designed to be either elastic or with a low acceptable damage level. The structural framing of the main and the protection structures can be concrete or steel structures that are capable of resisting lateral forces. The major difference between the two types of building lie in the way the outer structure is connected to the inner one. In the first category, the connector is rigid so that both the inner and outer structures resist the load together. In the second category, energy-absorbing connectors are used to absorb the impact energy. The structure must, therefore, be analyzed using a nonlinear static approach. The design guidelines for both building types are described conceptually in this paper.
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Pica, Valentina, Alessandro Cecili, Stefania Annicchiarico, and Elena Volkova. "The Historical Small Smart City Protocol (HISMACITY): Toward an Intelligent Tool Using Geo Big Data for the Sustainable Management of Minor Historical Assets." Data 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4010030.
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This research reports the ongoing design of the HISMACITY (Historical Small Smart City) Protocol, a planning tool with a certification system. The tool is designed for small municipalities in Europe. Through the award-winning certification system, the Protocol supports the fulfillment of best practices. Such practices can enhance town attractiveness. It also counteracts excessive land use that results from urban growth, and reduces demographic decline in internal areas of each country. The research methodology is grounded on building a dynamic dataset using geo big data, local data, and mobile data via information communications technology (ICT), and real-time data through sensors. The tool aims to build algorithms to calculate indicators that measure quality standards of integrated interventions. The aim is to reach specific goals within defined priority areas of the Historical Small Smart City Protocol. Being highly adaptive, the framework follows urban responsive design principles based on weighted suitability models that can be calibrated by changing the input data and the weights of the linear combination formula. The results highlight varying framework data, including the tool’s development procedures and practicality.
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Grazi, Laura. "Festina lente. The first steps towards regional policy and the origins of a European model of territorial cohesion." Debater a Europa, no. 12 (February 1, 2015): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_2.
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This paper focuses on how the slow but steady development of the EU regional policy was shaped by the gradual emergence of a territorial perspective in its strategic design. In particular, it examines the origins of regional policy, shedding light on its first stage of formulation, from the Treaty of Paris to the adoption of the European Regional Development Fund (1951-1975). Notably it analyses some underlying factors influencing its elaboration: the idea and vision of transnational spatial planning promoted by the Council of Europe, the exchange of ideas within the European Commission expert groups on town and country planning and the territorial studies relating to the first EEC enlargement. This cultural milieu contributed to a common outlook on the equilibrium of the European regions, thus planting a seed that would ripen into the “territorial cohesion” model recently included in the Lisbon Treaty.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_2
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Abaneme, Ezinne, Chinedu Nwasum, Oscar Chima, Ogbonnanya Elechi, and Ngozi Uduma. "Communicating COVID-19 to rural dwellers: Revisiting the role of traditional media in crisis communication." Journal of African Media Studies 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00042_1.
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The recording of the index case of COVID-19 in Nigeria prompted the government to activate emergency communication strategies across the country. This study examines the awareness of the COVID-19 virus amongst rural dwellers and the importance of traditional media in health crisis communication amongst the residents of Ebonyi state. An adult sample size of 95 persons (32 male and 63 female) was assessed. The study adopts an in-depth interview as the research design. Data were generated using an interview guide and analysed thematically. The results show that rural dwellers are aware of the virus and the compliance level is high. There is a huge dependence on traditional media like town crier as the source of information amongst rural dwellers. The present study highlights the need to include rural dwellers in crisis communication planning and the integration of traditional media in future crisis communication planning.
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Dundović, Boris. "Ernő Foerk and Gyula Sándy’s Tüköry Mansion in Dioš, Croatia: Genealogy of Architectural and Stylistic Features." YBL Journal of Built Environment 7, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2019-0010.
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Abstract Tüköry Mansion in Dioš (Diósszentpál), Croatia, was designed by architects Ernő Foerk and Gyula Sándy in 1904. It is situated near the Central Slavonian town of Končanica and in close proximity of Daruvar, on an estate that belonged to Tüköry family. The late-historicist country house was commissioned by Paula von Falkenberg, a widow of Alajos Tüköry de Algyest, as a permanent residence for her and her three children. It was built in the eclectic late-historicist style of fin-de-siècle Hungary, highly inspired by the late-mediaeval art and architecture of northern Italy. Those stylistic influences were strongly manifested in the architectural design of the mansion, but even more its great hall, the focal point of its layout, designed in 1904–05. Based on both archival and terrain research, this paper aims to determine the main factors of cultural and architectural identity of the mansion by elucidating its history and stylistic genealogy.
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Mashunye, Thandiwe Runyararo, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Kopano Rebaona Dube, Muki Shey, Mary Shelton, and Charles Shey Wiysonge. "Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of fractional dose compared with standard dose inactivated polio vaccination in children." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e023308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023308.
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IntroductionWHO recommends the introduction of at least one single dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunisation schedules. Thus, there has been an increased demand and concurrent supply shortages of IPV worldwide. One of the strategies to improve access is the use of fractional instead of full doses of IPV. We aim to compare the effects of fractional with standard doses of IPV.Methods and analysisWe will include randomised trials, non-randomised trials, case-control studies and cohort studies that compared fractional with full doses of IPV among children aged 5 years or younger. We will search for eligible studies among published and grey literature. Two authors will independently screen the results of the search, select studies, extract data and assess risk of bias. We will stratify analyses by study design, type of poliovirus, type of outcome measure and number of IPV doses given. For each type of poliovirus, we will pool the outcome data from studies using random-effects meta-analyses. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using the χ2 test of homogeneity and quantified using the I2 statistic. To investigate statistical heterogeneity, subgroup analyses will be performed based on the timing of the first fractional dose, age of administration, immunisation schedules and country income status. Sensitivity analyses will be used to assess if the effect of IPV fractional dosing is affected by study design, risk of bias and methods of meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationWe obtained approval from the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC REF: 412/2018). The findings of this review will provide evidence for decision-making with regards to IPV dosage, eventually improving access to the vaccine by stretching vaccine supplies. The results will be published in the University of Cape Town online library and in a peer reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018092647.
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Kamen, Ruth. "Viewpoint." Art Libraries Journal 26, no. 2 (2001): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200012104.
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Architecture, the focus of this issue, is held to be the ‘mother of the arts’. It is also referred to as the ‘queen of the decorative arts’. But in the family of art libraries and art librarianship, architecture is often a neglected stepchild. So I welcome the invitation extended in this issue of the Art Libraries Journal to the ‘Cinderella of the arts’, and hope that her appearance at the art ball will extend beyond midnight.Over the past quarter of a century or so that I have been an architectural librarian, I have sometimes wondered why architecture libraries are isolated from their sister libraries in the world of art and design, and why architecture libraries and librarians feel the need to separate themselves from their art and design siblings. Is it because the art community is uncomfortable with architecture? If so, is this because architecture is outside the mainstream of art education or art history teaching? Or is it because architecture libraries are generally part of professional institutes, schools of architecture or architectural firms, whose concerns and affiliations may have more in common with the engineering sciences (civil, structural, materials, environmental), the building and construction industries, urban and landscape design, town and country planning, and estate, project and business management, than with the more scholarly and historical focus of art libraries in museums and universities?
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Lam, Schuman, Heng Li, and Ann T. W. Yu. "Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i1.20810.
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This study explores a new path of urbanization to enhance the conventional economy-led urban development practice by conducting an urban quality of life (Uqol) survey. It analyzes the Uqol evaluation gap caused by demographic attributes between developing countries, developed countries, and post-industrial town. We adopted a mixed-methods research design, including a literature review and an Uqol survey, to suggest the transit-oriented-development (TOD) and information-communication-technology (ICT) based urban-rural development concept. The finding indicates a disparity of Uqol mean score rankings among the developing countries, developed countries, and the marginalized post-industrial town. It highlights the health, transportation, socio-economic, and technological development in the developing countries strongly desired. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant differences in economy, technology-ICT, smart living, and lifestyle within education, profession, age, and country groups. It clarifies that the well-being gap is shaped by demography and exhibited geographically, which implies TOD-ICT advancement can break down geographical barriers for achieving sustainable growth in remote areas. Supported by the planetary urbanization theory, the human-technology-driven urban development process would facilitate the maturity and implementation of the proposed TOD-ICT-based urban-ruralism (UxR) concept for enhancing the future global urbanization process.
Keywords : Human and Social Geography; Information-Communication-Technology; Urban Policymaking; Transit-Oriented-Development; Urban Quality of Life
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Steinke, Adam, and Phil Millage. "A window into Eve Online." Journal of Technology Management in China 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtmc-01-2014-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study Eve Online. Most people use their computers to surf the Web, check e-mails, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or various other social networking sites. Although computer gaming has been around for years, only in the past 10-15 years has it really taken off as a primary use for a desktop. Design/methodology/approach – Individuals use computers as a tool, to relax and get away and, in the case of Massive Multilayer Online games (MMOs), they use computers as a gateway to a virtual world. MMOs are fairly new to the gaming world, yet the concept is simple. Combine all the game players and throw them into a single intractable game, where they can deal with other players on a daily basis, essentially creating a metaverse. Findings – Eve Online is unlike any MMO out there on the market today. Created by the company CCP that is based in Iceland, Eve Online is the world’s only true sandbox game. A sandbox game is a game that allows the player to do whatever they want with no or few restrictions. Originality/value – Everyone that plays Eve Online is put on a single server called Tranquility. However, there is a separate server for people who play in the People’s Republic of China because of legal reasons imposed by the government. We examine Eve Online and make suggestions for future research to examine country differences with China.
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Marinelli, Maurizio. "Domesticating Italy's foreignness in China: the transcultural politics of the copy and the real." Modern Italy 24, no. 4 (November 2019): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.53.
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This article consists of three sections. The first one concentrates on the conceptualisation of the Italian concession in Tianjin (1901–1947). The second connects the past imagery of the Italian ‘aristocratic concession’ to its contemporary reinvention as the ‘New Italian-style Town’. The third section explores the rationale for the diffusion of what I define as Italianerie: a fascination for Italy, for a ‘real-unreal’ Italian-flavoured atmosphere, through the creation of multi-million-dollar luxury designer outlets known as ‘Florentia Villages’. The first Florentia Village, ‘inspired by classic Italian architecture’, opened in Wuqing, halfway between Beijing and Tianjin, in June 2011, followed by the replica of this template in eight Chinese cities. Is this the outcome of a specific patrimonialisation strategy? What is the significance of this showcase of Italian design in China? What lies behind the apparent paradox of reproducing ‘in/authentic’ Italy in miniature, and using it to sell the ‘real’ luxury products, in a country like China, which is stereotyped as the paradise of the fake? Is innovation by design reconfiguring the relationship between production and consumption of cultural images and commodities? This article intends to explore these questions with particular attention to transcultural strategies in Chinese urbanism – past and present.
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Qamaruddin, Mohammed, and Salem K. Al-Oraimi. "Effect of Wind Environment on the response of Buildings in Oman." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 3 (December 1, 1998): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol3iss0pp21-29.
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An investigation has been carried out to study the effect of the wind parameters on the response of multistory buildings subjected to wind induced forces. This study is concerned with the wind response of the buildings located at six building sites in Sohar, Thumrait and Saiq regions of Oman. A typical plan of multistory-framed building has been chosen for the present investigation. The Wind and the other related data appropriate to these regions have been used in the analysis. It turns out from the present study that the response of the building located at a Site in a country terrain of a region has higher values than the response obtained for the same building if constructed in a town terrain of the same region With other parameter combinations remaining invariant. It is recommended that a database for the wind parameters, based on the available wind and other related data for different regions of Oman, should be developed for the design of buildings subjected to wind induced farces.
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Rodriguez, A. C. "RECOVERY OF THE FORMAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NONO'S VERNACULAR DWELLINGS (ECUADOR) IN CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-81-2020.
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Abstract. Vernacular architecture contains essential features of identity and customs of a town. Talking about housing, referred as the intimate space of development of a human group, it is understood its cultural significance. Architectural globalization, with features extracted from the outside, adapted without studies in any kind of territory, threatens to absorb those essential qualities of the various villages. Ecuador, as a multicultural country, conceive in the law the conservation of cultural heritage as primordial, however, there are few solutions to the problem of the heritage destruction. Lack of studies avoids the recovery of the built heritage, ignorance of the people downplays the vernacular, where forms and spaces of this architecture have been relegated, despite being the perfect and unique solution for each site. This article expresses the importance of vernacular architecture, its value in memory, and the fight against oblivion. It proposes a solution to curb its disappearance, trying to establish a model for architectural design that revalue the vernacular through an analysis of forms and spaces to suit contemporary contexts. A vision of the present influenced by the past, properly integrated.
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Hammah, Noriss Kweku, and Rahinah Ibrahim. "Workflow Complexities of Fit Criteria on Strategy Applications and Structure Adaptations." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 14, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649215500173.
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In studying the correlation between structure–strategy and workflow process, empirical research has shown that knowledge flow has an influence on professional team workflow performance. Using multiple sources of case study evidence, we propose a contingent model of a criteria fit in which the effect of structure on strategies is efficiency of Knowledge Applicability (KA) and effectiveness of Knowledge Adaptability (KA). A case study analysis of building permit approval processing by the Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) and the various planning agencies in Ghana finds strong support for the model explaining that structure is the measurement attribute determining the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge flow. A framework of four types of KA is outlined. These show that the viability of organisations is contingent on adaptations of efficient structure and applications of effective strategies. With an emphasis on two organisational environmental variables (uncertainty and equivocality) and structural configuration, we demonstrated the impact of formalisation and centralisation on knowledge flow and workflow process using Virtual Design Team Computational Organisational Theory (VDTCOT).
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Nezha, Tlemçani Mekaoui. "Iconic Architecture in Morocco Two Pioneering Cities, Two Singular Towers." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2305.
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In town planning as in architecture, space is a true transcription of civilizational trends, the expression par excellence of civilizations, continues to develop through the spaces they close, the buildings that it includes and that take shape over time. In this sense, Morocco, an emerging country, is beginning to build a modern image for itself, in the face of time by having recourse to its two pioneer cities, Casablanca and Rabat-Salé. In doing so, many spectacular constructions of iconic buildings have emerged there, the work of star architects using designs distinguished by their complex structures and using innovative materials. This article deals with the design of two buildings through the combination of two concepts grouped together in their designs, namely, the singularity of their architectures in relation to their urban environment and their sought-after technological prowess. The choice fell on the CFC tower (Casablanca Finance City) located in the new urban center "Casablanca finance City" and the Bank of Africa tower also called Tour Mohammed IV, located in Bouregreg, emblematic site of the Rabat-Salé conurbation.
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Cornick, Ruth, Sandy Picken, Camilla Wattrus, Ajibola Awotiwon, Emma Carkeek, Juliet Hannington, Pearl Spiller, et al. "The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) guide: developing a clinical decision support tool to simplify, standardise and strengthen primary healthcare delivery." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 5 (October 2018): e000962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000962.
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For the primary health worker in a low/middle-income country (LMIC) setting, delivering quality primary care is challenging. This is often complicated by clinical guidance that is out of date, inconsistent and informed by evidence from high-income countries that ignores LMIC resource constraints and burden of disease. The Knowledge Translation Unit (KTU) of the University of Cape Town Lung Institute has developed, implemented and evaluated a health systems intervention in South Africa, and localised it to Botswana, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Brazil, that simplifies and standardises the care delivered by primary health workers while strengthening the system in which they work. At the core of this intervention, called Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK), is a clinical decision support tool, the PACK guide. This paper describes the development of the guide over an 18-year period and explains the design features that have addressed what the patient, the clinician and the health system need from clinical guidance, and have made it, in the words of a South African primary care nurse, ‘A tool for every day for every patient’. It describes the lessons learnt during the development process that the KTU now applies to further development, maintenance and in-country localisation of the guide: develop clinical decision support in context first, involve local stakeholders in all stages, leverage others’ evidence databases to remain up to date and ensure content development, updating and localisation articulate with implementation.
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Badu-Peprah, Augustina, Ijeoma Anyitey-Kokor, Allswell Ackon, Obed K. Otoo, Nana A. K. Asamoah, and Theophilus K. Adu-Bredu. "Chest radiography patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in Kumasi, Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i4.9.
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Objectives: To document the pattern of chest radiographic findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with moderate to severe disease.
Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Setting: The study site was Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) located at Bantama in Kumasi, the capital town of the Ashanti Region. It is the second largest hospital in the country and the major referral site for Ashanti region and the northern part of the country. The hospital hosts a highly infectious isolation unit (HIIU) for COVID19 patients with moderate to severe infections and receives referred cases from the region and within the hospital.
Participants: The study involved 27 patients admitted to the HIIU at KATH with COVID-19 infection who underwent chest X-ray as part of their investigations.
Results: The study enrolled 12 males and 15 females. The common comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes. Chest x-ray findings in most of the patients (81.5%) revealed ground-glass opacities while a few of them (18.5%) had lung consolidations without ground-glass opacities. For those with ground-glass opacities, eight (29.6%) had superimposed consolidation. All the participants had positive chest x-ray findings.
Conclusion: The chest x-ray findings in the 27 COVID-19 positive patients with moderate to severe disease on admission at the KATH HIIU enrolled in this study showed significant pulmonary abnormalities. The predominant pulmonary abnormalities were bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities with the lower lung zones being mostly affected.
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Guleid, Fatuma Hassan, Robinson Oyando, Evelyn Kabia, Audrey Mumbi, Samuel Akech, and Edwine Barasa. "A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research in Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (May 2021): e005690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005690.
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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global research effort to build a body of knowledge that can inform mitigation strategies. We carried out a bibliometric analysis to describe the COVID-19 research output in Africa in terms of setting, study design, research themes and author affiliation.MethodsWe searched for articles published between 1 December 2019 and 3 January 2021 from various databases including PubMed, African Journals Online, medRxiv, Collabovid, the WHO global research database and Google. All article types and study design were included.ResultsA total of 1296 articles were retrieved. 46.6% were primary research articles, 48.6% were editorial-type articles while 4.6% were secondary research articles. 20.3% articles used the entire continent of Africa as their study setting while South Africa (15.4%) was the most common country-focused setting. The most common research topics include ‘country preparedness and response’ (24.9%) and ‘the direct and indirect health impacts of the pandemic’ (21.6%). However, only 1.0% of articles focus on therapeutics and vaccines. 90.3% of the articles had at least one African researcher as author, 78.5% had an African researcher as first author, while 63.5% had an African researcher as last author. The University of Cape Town leads with the greatest number of first and last authors. 13% of the articles were published in medRxiv and of the studies that declared funding, the Wellcome Trust was the top funding body.ConclusionsThis study highlights Africa’s COVID-19 research and the continent’s existing capacity to carry out research that addresses local problems. However, more studies focused on vaccines and therapeutics are needed to inform local development. In addition, the uneven distribution of research productivity among African countries emphasises the need for increased investment where needed.
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Nelson, Adrianne Katrina, Marguerite Fenwood, Courtney Burks, Alexandre Widner, Assiatou B. Bah, Ralph Ternier, and Molly F. Franke. "Exploring the use of labor and delivery services by women of Haitian nationality in a Dominican Republic border town." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2016-0015.
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Purpose Women of Haitian nationality comprise a sizeable proportion of all women seeking labor and delivery services in a public hospital in Dominican Republic (DR), along the central border of Haiti. The purpose of this paper is to better understand and address the needs of Haitian women receiving labor and delivery services in this border region. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a mixed-methods study to identify personal motivations, demographic characteristics, and migration history of women seeking labor and delivery services at a public hospital. Findings The majority of women (83 percent) were born in Haiti but spoke Spanish (74 percent) and were long-term residents of the DR (mean 7.8 years). While many women reported they felt they had a positive experience delivering at the public hospital, some described feeling unwelcome or resented. Research limitations/implications The study sample was small and from one hospital. Future studies could explore the differences in experiences among Haitian women who are long-term residents of the DR and those whose presence is more transient. Practical implications Women residing on both sides of the border would likely benefit from coordinated efforts by the Haitian and DR Ministries of Health to strengthen referral services to and from either country. Social implications Hospital staff and services in the DR should consider the unique needs of this population, which makes critical contributions to workforce and culture in the DR. Originality/value This study is the first to assess labor and delivery service seeking practices and experiences within this population.
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Albert, Ajani Oludele, and Onah Onodje. "Migration and Cultural Identity Retention of Igbo Migrants in Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p137.
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<p>Nigeria, a country of 170 million people and 250 ethnic nationalities presents a complex picture of internal migration within its geographical entity. This study investigated the issues relating to cultural identity retention among a highly migratory ethnic group, the Igbo, whose origin is in the Eastern part of Nigeria. The study employed exploratory research design. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted and two focus group discussion sessions were held with members of <em>Eha Alumona</em> home town association in Ibadan, a city in the south western Nigeria. Data were collected during the association’s meetings and other cultural activities involving the members of the group. The study adopted thematic content analysis of its data. The findings indicate that the Igbo migrant association was a very active agency in the promotion of Igbo cultural identity among its members. Both material and non-material cultural elements were equally affected in the process of adaptation by the migrants. The study concludes that though the migrants indicated a high level of integration into their host culture, they continued to retain certain cultural elements of their community of origin.</p>
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Bellégo, Christophe, and Romain De Nijs. "The Unintended Consequences of Antipiracy Laws on Markets with Asymmetric Piracy: The Case of the French Movie Industry." Information Systems Research 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 1064–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0932.
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In many markets of the digital economy, some products are more prone to online piracy than some of their substitutes. These situations of asymmetric online piracy distort the competition between products. Using the French antipiracy law known as HADOPI (Haute Autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits d'auteur sur internet) as a natural experiment, we study the asymmetric effects of online piracy on cinema admissions. Applying four estimation strategies at different levels of observation (town, movie, country, and consumer), we find that introduction of the law is associated with a 9% increase in the market share of American movies but that this increase occurs at the expense of other movies. These findings primarily originate from a high initial level of asymmetric piracy between American and other movies. This asymmetry was attenuated by the antipiracy law, resulting in a fiercer competition between movies and, as a side effect, in a decrease in the legal consumption of less-pirated products. These results have important implications for firms whose profits may be affected by legislation fighting piracy as well as for governments for the design of their policy.
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Udale Hussaini, Ibrahim, and Noor Hanita Abdul Majid. "Human behaviour in household energy use and the implications of energy efficiency delivery." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-10-2013-0005.
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Purpose – Although the term “energy efficiency” is technologically focused, it has a behavioural content due to the associated energy conservation practice involved. The technology aspect applies essentially to the application of new or better technology in order to derive same output or level of service for less input energy, while the conservation aspect is attributed to behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In an attempt to expound on this understanding, a social survey of some households in Bauchi town, Nigeria was undertaken so as to seek ways of improving the energy use situation of the country. The principal objective is to determine the influence of human behaviour in energy efficiency delivery in the households. Findings – The result reveals a much low level of energy efficiency practice by the occupants due largely to lack of awareness and requisite knowledge on the phenomenon of energy efficiency. Originality/value – Finally, the study highlights on the implications of good energy efficiency practice in household energy use as derived from the present as well as past studies in a bid to attain energy sufficiency.
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Sarfo, A. K. "SPATIAL PLANNING LEGISLATION IN GHANA: EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION, CONTRIBUTIONS, AND THE WAY FORWARD." UDS International Journal of Development 7, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.47740/496.udsijd6i.
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This paper explored the evolution of spatial planning in Ghana’s context. Using Institutional Analytical Framework, the paper posits that spatial planning has gone through several changes over the years. Additionally, it was revealed that spatial planning as an idea dates back to nineteenth-century industrialization and urbanization that mostly happened in developed countries. These had less focus on civic design and came to be more competent in state policy. Although planning in Ghana antedates the early 90s, nationwide spatial planning commenced with the preparation and initiation of CAP 84 (Town and Country Planning Ordinance) in 1945. Fast forward spatial planning in Ghana is presently being done by tenets and provisions as captured in Act 925 - Land Use and Spatial Planning Act 2016. However, this paper establishes possible conflict and duplication of planning efforts and practices by looking at Act 925 and Act 480 - National Development Planning System Act, 1994. It envisages that planning in Ghana will go through another evolution to avert the “spatial” and “policy” perspectives to planning and as well attain coordinated efforts to guide the course of planning in Ghana. Keywords: Spatial planning, Land use, Evolution, Planning conflict
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Raper, W. G., and J. M. Green. "Simple process for nutrient removal from food processing effluents." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0127.
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Food processing effluents often contain high levels of nutrients, particularly N. Conventionally, anaerobic ponds are used to purify these effluents in Australia, giving cost-effective removal of BOD but little nutrient removal. It has become apparent that disposal by irrigation as presently practised normally exceeds sustainable N application rates, thus reduction of nutrient levels before irrigation is becoming mandatory. Meatworks effluent is often discharged to country town sewers, frequently accounting for 50-75% of the nutrient load. Meatworks effluents contain 1,000-4,000 mg/L BOD, 200-400 mg/L TKN and 20-50 mg/L P. Conventional BNR technology can readily remove nutrients from such effluents, either alone or in combination with anaerobic ponds but sludge handling on such a small scale poses economic problems. Laboratory scale trials showed that both BOD removal from meatworks effluent and sludge disposal could be achieved readily in conventional anaerobic ponds. The pond effluent, together with the town sewage if required, could be treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) designed for nitrification/denitrification service. Optimisation of the anaerobic pond operation was required to ensure production of the minimum BOD:N ratio needed for N removal. This paper will describe the design and commissioning of two plants; a demonstration plant installed at a typical sized meatworks in Gippsland, Victoria, and a full scale plant for treatment of combined domestic sewage and effluent from a large meatworks at Longford, Tasmania. In neither case (for different reasons) has P removal yet been required. It was demonstrated that 98% of BOD and up to 95% N removal may be cheaply and readily achieved in the SBR. Where lagoons are used, levels of N suitable for river discharge can be achieved. P can be readily removed by alum treatment when required.
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Bitew Workie, Shimelash, Niguse Mekonen, Mulugeta W. Michael, Getahun Molla, Solomon Abrha, Zewde Zema, and Takele Tadesse. "Modern Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Adults in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835780.
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Background. The Ethiopian government is striving to improve the health status of its population through the expansion and strengthening of primary health care services in both rural and urban settings of the country. The study aimed to measure modern health service utilization and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study design was implemented from May to June 2019 in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. All 786 study participants were selected by multistage systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were collected by an open data kit. Stata window version 15.0 was also employed for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was conducted, and a 95% confidence interval was considered for interpretation. Result. Health service utilization was 77.2% with (95% CI of 74.1%, 80.0%). In terms of health facilities in which they visit, first 50.6% were at the public health center and 25.5% of them were at Teaching and Referral Hospital. Respondents with marital status married and widowed have higher odds of utilizing health services compared to single marital status (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.7–5.2 and 9.0; 95% CI: 1.69–48.0), respectively. Respondents with middle and highest wealth status have higher odds of health service utilization than poor wealth status with AOR (1.75 95% CI 1.03–2.97 and 1.58 95% CI; 1.01, 2.77). Similarly, respondents who had chronic disease and perceived poor health status have higher odds of health service utilization. Conclusion. Modern health services utilization was found to be unsatisfactory. Being married, wealth status being middle and high, having chronic health conditions, and having poor perceived health status were found to have a statistically significant association with health service utilization.
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Abebaw, Nigusie, Natnaiel Girma, and Miftah Yasin. "Non-Adherence to Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Associated Factors among Epileptic Patients in Dessie Town Public Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia." Journal of Epilepsy Research 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14581/jer.21006.
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Background and Purpose: Patients who are non-adherent to their medication are frequently hospitalized with prolonged lengths of stay and make repeated emergency department visits. They are also more likely to miss work or school due to the seizure effects. In Ethiopia, although there is little evidence concerning anti-epileptic drug adherence, some studies were conducted with some controversy with studies done in another country. This study was therefore conducted to assess non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs and associated factors among adult epileptic patients attending in Dessie town public hospitals, northeast Ethiopia.Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 368 patients from January 16, 2018 to March 16, 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. The collected data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. All covariates that were significant at <i>p</i>-value <0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered for further multivariable logistic regression analysis level of statistical significance at <i>p</i>-value <0.05.Results: Among the respondents, 37.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.1-42.9) of them were non-adhered to antiepileptic drugs. Patients who were unable to write and read (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 22.30; 95% CI, 5.84-85.21), primary education level (aOR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.90-16.69), being male (aOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.33-4.23), experience adverse effect (aOR, 13.68; 95% CI, 3.27-56.97), patients got medication by payment (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.04-4.11) were statistically associated with non-adherence.Conclusions: This study revealed that over one-third of participants were non-adherent to antiepileptic drugs. Sex, educational level, adverse effect, and medication source were independent factors for non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, educations and instructions about the importance of recommended drug use can improve antiepileptic drug adherence in patients with epilepsy.