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Journal articles on the topic 'Town in town'
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1
Vete, Agne. "Changing character of town form during the XX−XXI c.: the case of Lithuanian small towns." Landscape architecture and art 16 (March 11, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.16.01.
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Although towns are constantly changing, changes may have a major impact on town character. Town character reflects the distinctiveness of town form and there is a risk that town may change unrecognisably. This issue is particularly close to small towns, which characters are especially fragile. Additionally, small towns are often neglected or undeservedly underestimated, though people already are searching for slower life and more authentic experiences. Nevertheless, small towns can offer close community, sense of place and attachment to it, local production, cheaper real estate and safe, sustainable environment. Undoubdetly, counterurbanisation processes are underway and Lithuania has a lot of resources for slow town concept development. Lithuanian urban settlement system consists of mostly small towns, so the research of changes of town form and their impact on the town character is extremely important. The article discusses what causes changes in small towns, paying the particular attention to the Lithuanian context. Initial methodological guidelines and insights give basis for further investigation and levels of changes are categorised. Preliminary findings state that due to the level of maturity, completeness of town form in relation to the ideology of the period and on the consequences of World War II, transformations had a different impact on town form during the second half of the XX c. and the extent of changes differ. The concept of the research is illustrated with a case study of Anykščiai town which analysis of changes of town form allows to define main transformations and actions for nurturing the character of the town. The article presents the assumption that the complex research of changes of town form may enable a possibility to identify the model of the town form character and define the townscape capacity.
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Hakim, Besim S. "Towns and town-making principles." Cities 11, no. 1 (1994): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(94)90051-5.
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Hunter, Elizabeth, Brian Mac Namee, and John D. Kelleher. "A Model for the Spread of Infectious Diseases in a Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093119.
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In understanding the dynamics of the spread of an infectious disease, it is important to understand how a town’s place in a network of towns within a region will impact how the disease spreads to that town and from that town. In this article, we take a model for the spread of an infectious disease in a single town and scale it up to simulate a region containing multiple towns. The model is validated by looking at how adding additional towns and commuters influences the outbreak in a single town. We then look at how the centrality of a town within a network influences the outbreak. Our main finding is that the commuters coming into a town have a greater effect on whether an outbreak will spread to a town than the commuters going out. The findings on centrality of a town and how it influences an outbreak could potentially be used to help influence future policy and intervention strategies such as school closure policies.
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Liu, Da Peng, and Hong Wei Wang. "Cultural Town: Small Town Planning and Construction Based on Mongolian and Yuan Culture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.556.
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Mongolian and Yuan culture is the culture system which is interactive with original nomadic culture and ZhongYuan farming culture forming, whose elements, symbols and connotation is used effectively in planning and construction of small towns is reflected in the display with a town image and the key point of a town charm objectively. It is necessary to analysis the relation with the Mongolian and Yuan cultural elements and small towns as an opportunity to plan and construct the small towns of Mongolian and Yuan culture. This is the latest annotation to cultural town, and it is the language and way to express of the characteristics in small towns.
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Foret, Miroslav, and V. Foretová. "International project Communicating town." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 3 (2005): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030017.
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The main objectives of the project Communicating Town is to assist in an improvement of mutual relationships and communication between the council and the public. The use of opinion polls provide an opportunity for the silent majority of citizens to voice their views. The standardised interviews make it possible to get the respondents involved in communication activities. Each questionnaire had two parts; the first sought opinions on questions asked by the council in the given town and the other part was common to all the towns involved and allowed us to compare and make general conclusions. The results were presented in the press. During 1995–2000 nearly fifty towns in the Czech Republic and Slovakia participated in the project Communicating Town. The ten years of study within the framework of the project have demonstrated that this project can provide valuable contributions to many aspects of council and town policies. With each year, further towns have shown an interest in involvement in the project. The results from Brno, Loštice and Zlín, i.e., towns where opinion surveys were repeated at intervals of between one and four years, indicate that the relationships between citizens and the council have improved.
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Drozg, Vladimir. "Spatial development of Slovenian towns in the last decade." Dela, no. 21 (December 1, 2004): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.121-129.
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This contribution intends to show some characteristics of the special development of Slo-venian towns in the last decade. Trends of spatial development are more or less similar in all towns, irrespective of their size, economic orientation of the town and development of the gravitational area. The main caracteristics is that the majority of Slovenian towns gradually moves from a high density compact town into a dispersed, regional town.
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Sun, Li Ping. "Research on Solutions to Small Town Planning and Construction in Inner Mongolia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.590.
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There are many problems existing in small town planning in Inner Mongolia. After analyzing the causes of these problems, some solutions to them are put forward, such as, strengthen the control of the planning and work out the perfect town planning system, carry out the strategy of sustainable development, keep personality of the town and highlight town features, speed up the construction of key town and drive the rapid development of small towns, etc.
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Atnafu, Aldo Morka. "Decentralization and Town Development." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 3, no. 1 (2016): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v3i1.12451.
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Decentralized governance offers opportunities for achieving development through good governance and community participation at grass root (Ayenew, 2007).Thus, this study examines the contribution of decentralization for town development and; the opportunities and challenges of wereda decentralization for town development. The study was conducted in two selected Wereda capital towns in Metekel zone, Bulen and GilgelBeles. Data were collected from primary sources with the help of questionnaires, interviews and observation. The primary data were also supported by secondary documents such as federal and regional constitutions, proclamations, regulations, local development plans, official performance reports, and magazines. The data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that wereda level decentralization actually has influenced development at grass root level in Metekel zone in general, and towns in particular. Better infrastructural provisions (education and health) were witnessed in the towns. This is due to better community participation in decision making process and availability of opportunity to express their interest. Though, more is expected, the financial capacity of towns has also registered progress. However, the situation in urban land delivery does not show an improvement. Partiality, bias, and unaccountability are major hindrances in urban land delivery. The top down hierarchy between town administrations and wereda administrators has become a major challenge for a full exploitation of town resource and administration. Besides, shortage of qualified manpower and weak community participation in development activities were also other factors that have impacted the further performance of towns.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 78-80
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Bozovic, Ruzica. "Medieval town - fortress of Zvecan." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (2015): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1502137b.
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This paper is concerned with phenomenon of medieval town- fortress of Zvecan through examining (1) the town planning and spatial organization within the town, (2) its physical structure, (3) conception of medieval design and construction of Zvecan, (4) medieval instinct for correlation of shapes within the town and correlation of Zvecan and its surrounding, (5) comparison of Zvecan with medieval towns in the region and beyond. This medieval town as a whole was the expression of medieval characteristics with its spatial organization and with its own individuality. Zvecan emerged from the then contemporary circumstances and necessities. This research is focused toward finding construction principles of medieval town Zvecan which are timeless and unique to all town constructions.
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Sun, Ming. "Study on Eco-Planning of Coal Town Special Land Based on Extenics." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1108.
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At present, the coal town special land mainly includes subsided, goaf and gangue etc, these lands for ecological restoration and reconstruction is coal town planning research hot spot. The article based on the Extenics method, with the resource exhaustion town theory as a foundation, to coal town special land as empirical research object, through the depth of coal town of space development trends and development orientation, puts forward the gangue land ecological adjustment mode, coal goaf and subsided development countermeasures. Through to the coal town special land ecological adjustment of spatial structure of towns thinking clarify coal optimization idea the feasibility, for cold to coal town of land development to provide certain reference.
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Thakur, Mr Harshal Rajendra. "Sustainable Green Town." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35974.
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Aim of this research paper is to design and implement the sustainable term for the town planning with low resources and high output, as well there benefit to environment. Town planning in ancient India of Indus towns have demonstrated the most ancient town planning in the world among the most common and universal types of town planning (Mohenjo-Daro). Increase in population, Development or innovation leads to great use of natural resources, which may disturb the environmental cycle. Though green resources are not sufficient but they are long lasting and environmental friendly. Energy sources from Sun, wind and water are clean sources which are future, with proper use. To find various sources (types such as minor and major sources) of energy and implement with exigency, for sustainable strategic planning.
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Steinfeld, Robert J. "Subjectship, Citizenship, and the Long History of Immigration Regulation." Law and History Review 19, no. 3 (2001): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744275.
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Kunal Parker's “State, Citizenship, and Territory” can be read in at least two ways. Read one way, it tells an important story about how regulation of the poor was driven upward in Massachusetts during the nineteenth century, from the localities to the state. In the seventeenth century, Massachusetts had imposed primary responsibility for care of the poor on its towns. But during the eighteenth century, with the growth of a landless, wandering population, town poor relief budgets came under increasing pressure. The towns responded by lobbying the Massachusetts legislature to pass a series of statutes that made it more and more difficult to acquire a town settlement. People who fell into need in Massachusetts but who had not acquired a town settlement became state paupers for whom the state, rather than any town, was fiscally responsible. As it became more and more difficult to acquire a town settlement, the number of state paupers increased, shifting a portion of the fiscal burden of poor relief from the towns onto the state.
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Yao, Ping. "The Utilization of the Contrary Space Sequence Analytic Method in Modern Villages and Towns Planning Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.475.
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The combination of the Contrary Space Sequence is the rule of the composition of landscape space which the majority historical towns followed. the charm of several hundred years’ ancient town space is just as before, all these are related to the ingenious composition of landscape space and long-term harmonious sustainable. The ancients have utilized the philosophy which integrated by Chinese traditional garden and the ideal condition, situation and the conditions of the object form calligraphy and painting in the construction of towns, Therefore in the modern town space is still deducting the scenery drawing of harmony between humans and landscape as before. The research of the contrary space sequence inherits this town landscape space building method, Carries forward the sustainable development idea of the traditional town construction, and applied to some present small towns and new rural planning, design and construction properly, to provide valuable reference for build a town or a new village with the true harmony between humans and natural world and a beautiful natural environment.
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ASTILL, G. G. "TOWNS AND TOWN HIERARCHIES IN SAXON ENGLAND." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 1 (1991): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1991.tb00008.x.
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Reid, Richard. "The End of Imperial Town Planning in Upper Canada." Articles 19, no. 1 (2013): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017576ar.
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In the years following the War of 1812 imperial officials, for reasons of strategic and domestic concern, founded a series of towns along the route from Kingston to the Ottawa River. Three of the "military settlements", Perth, Richmond and Lanark, reflected aspects of an earlier town planning tradition in Upper Canada and enjoyed a limited success as the nuclei for a certain type of society A fourth town, By town, was founded with less planning but quickly became the major urban centre in the Ottawa Valley Conflicting aims of the military planners and the towns civilians made By town's experience very different from the other three towns.
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Kuśnierz-Krupa, Dominika. "Original historical spatial development research methodology." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.02.
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The aim of this article is to present an original methodology that was prepared for the research concerning the history of spatial development of historic towns and their conservation protection. The methodology, already repeatedly verified by the Author in the course of research on the origins, urban model and restoration of selected medieval towns in Poland, is universal and so applicable also during the research carried out in towns outside Poland. In this article it will be exemplified by the studies on the spatial development of the medieval town of Skawina located in Lesser Poland. The methodology consists of five stages. The first stage of research involves the so called “desk study”, which is conducted in selected archives, both in the country where the selected town is located, and abroad. The second stage involves field research in the analysed town. The research is accompanied by an inventory of the area of the chartered town, including its preserved elements such as e.g. the market square, the settlement block or the settlement plot. Photographic documentation is also collected during field research. The third stage of research uses aerial archaeology to analyse the urban layout of a given town. The fourth stage involves confronting the research results obtained at previous stages, primarily comparing archive plans and aerial photographs, as well as analysing them in order to identify changes occurring in the urban layout of the studied town. The final, fifth stage involves assessing the cultural values and the necessary methods for protecting the analysed historic town. The discussed methodology allows for drawing conclusions combined with hypotheses concerning the shape and functional-spatial structure of the examined town in the past, as well as its current values in the context of protecting the cultural landscape. The need to prepare it sprang from the current situation in historic towns which are not always properly protected, and scientific studies of their history are often insufficient. The situation and the need for better protection of historic towns has also been indicated in international documents prepared by the ICOMOS and UNESCO, such as the International Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns of the ICOMOS from 1987, and the UNESCO Recommendation concerning the historic urban landscape from 2011.
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Zhou, Fang, Fei Zhao, Qingwei Xu, Yongbo Yuan, and Mingyuan Zhang. "Evaluation and Selection Methods of Tourism Characteristic Town: The Case of Liaoning Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135372.
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The construction of a characteristic town is an important measure to promote the economic transformation and upgrading of China. It also promotes the coordinated and balanced development between urban and rural areas, and the construction of new urbanization and new rural areas. At present, China’s township governments are actively declaring construction projects of characteristic town. Considering the limitation of resources and funds, the government needs to choose projects with better foundation and better development prospects to invest and build, to avoid the waste of resources brought about by blind construction. Starting from the pre-selection of the construction projects of the characteristic town, taking Liaoning Province as an example, this research divided the characteristic town into four categories. Initially established the characteristic town evaluation index system blending comprehensive and multivariate index; then optimizes the index system through the statistical analysis, reliability analysis; and validity analysis of the questionnaire survey to finally obtain the selection index system of the construction projects of the characteristic town of Liaoning Province. Secondly, using the combination of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (Improved-TOPSIS) method, the selection evaluation model of tourism-type characteristic town construction projects are obtained. Finally, taking the three tourism-type characteristic town projects declared by Liaoning Province as an example, using the ANP and Improved-TOPSIS evaluation model to evaluate and compare the three towns. The priority of “Xietun Town, Tanghe Town, Zhaoquanhe Town” is obtained. The result is consistent with the recommended order and verifies the applicability of the selection model. At the same time, through the feedback of the evaluation process, the current development constraints of the three towns are clarified, and the future development direction of the town is pointed out.
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Sparks, Leigh. "Towns, High Streets and Resilience in Scotland: A Question for Policy?" Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105631.
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The “death of the high street” has become a common refrain, particularly in the United Kingdom, often accompanied by calls for action and demands for improved resilience in town centres and high streets. This paper considers the policy context for towns and town centres in Scotland and the recent review of the country’s approach to towns, town centres and places. With the adoption of National Outcomes linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the declaration of a Climate Emergency, the conclusion is drawn that a more fundamental and radical shift in policy is needed, if the resilience of town centres is to have any meaning, and that a clearer and more widely understood conceptualisation of resilience needs to be developed.
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Varmus, Michal, and Milan Kubina. "Management of sports clubs in the town based on the principles of cooperation." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 2 (2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i2.1135.
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In the Slovakia are very many sports clubs that are civic associations. Within towns they are often as separate entity. Management of these sports clubs in the town is very specific. A town wants to have influence on these clubs, especially when the clubs are supported from municipal finance. In these paper we deal with possible management of clubs in the town within cooperation principle. We identified the main advantages, disadvantages, and points that are important for good established cluster of sports clubs in the town.
 
 Keywords: sport; club; cooperation; town; management
 
 
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Yang, Yu Nan, and Fei Fei Yu. "Exploration about the Stratagem of Sustainable Development of Small Town Planning in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.126.
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Small town is a basic and important part in Chinese town system. Sustainable development of small town is significant content of the work to modernize economy. Yet due to improper micromanagement, the current construction of small towns in China is in serious disorder. And this is imposing restraints on sustainable social and economic development. This paper arguments the strategic problems about the sustainable development of small town from several aspects such as historical meaning, actuality, arrangement and structure and so on.
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Mohmad Shukri, Sharyzee, Mohammad Hussaini Wahab, Rohayah Che Amat, Idris Taib, and Mohamad Zafarullah Mohamad Rozaly. "Definition and Physical Attributes that Characterise Settings of Malay Royal Towns in Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.9 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9.15274.
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Malay Royal towns in Malaysia are the finest examples evolution of early Malay towns dating from the 16th century. However the identity and characteristic of Malay Royal towns is still unclear and continuously been threatened from tremendous changes due to rapid industrialisation, economic development and urbanisation. The extensive urbanisation and rapid development occurring in most of historical towns have significantly eroded the identity, sense of place and physical attributes of the Malay Royal Town. Besides monuments and sites, the scope of this research also covers all properties which are of historic and cultural significance. This research employs qualitative approach that encompasses of literature review of scholarly articles and reports, in-depth interview and structured observation. Based on the historical and physical evidences that are still exist, 9 historical town that gazated as Malay Royal town will be selected as a preliminary study and 5 historical towns will be selected as study area namely; Anak Bukit, Kota Bharu, Seri Menanti, Klang and Kuala Terengganu. The findings gathered from this research too is deemed a comprehensive understanding of attributes of the royal Malay town and further may help in strengthening the Malaysia history.
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Laitinen, Riitta, and Dag Lindström. "Urban Order and Street Regulation in Seventeenth-Century Sweden." Journal of Early Modern History 12, no. 3-4 (2008): 257–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006508x369884.
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AbstractThis article examines how, in the early modern towns of Stockholm and Åbo, royal interests, town planning, street building and maintenance, and street behavior related to ideas and ideals of urban order. Town laws and ordinances, royal letters and some town court records are employed to tell a story of royal interest in well-ordered, impressive, successful towns; various street plans for the capital and the smaller provincial towns; and the varying execution of renewal plans. It is evident that the capital was to reflect the royal person and the state and that streets and street behaviour were important in this regard. But in towns outside the capital, especially in concrete street maintenance, the centrality of streets does not clearly emerge. The burghers in towns operated as individuals—there was no bottom-up or top-down plan or supervision.
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Wan Ismail, Wan Norisma, Nor Haslina Ja’afar, and Nor Zalina Harun. "Streets of Royal Town: Exploring the Physical Character of Traditional Street in the Malay Royal Town." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 25, 2018): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.991.996.
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Fabric of a town is an accumulation of historical scenes. Historic towns are regarded as a treasured inheritance. Royal towns in Malaysia is significant to unique heritage identity. Streets in royal town are significant urban elements that indicates the characteristics and attributes of a setting that define their physical and functional aspects. The aim of this study is to analyze the physical components and qualities that influenced the street aspect of the royal town in Kuala Kangsar. It discusses the background of the town, literature review on traditional street characteristics and analyzing physical elements as attributes in revealing physical qualities that ultimately form a unique and distinctive street character in the royal town. The research employed mixed methods, of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to strengthen the conclusions and heightened its knowledge and validity. This paper will share its findings based on research’s pilot study through questionnaire, observation, interviews and historical document analysis. The royal heritage town was analyzed to illustrate the objectives and all attributes were cross-investigated to determine what are the essential physical elements that have contributed to these qualities. The study concludes that attractiveness, visibility, human scale, enclosure, permeability, legibility and special activities are the significant physical qualities that shaped the character of streets in the royal town. Each physical quality is manifested by the physical elements that becomes the catalyst in creating a successful path.
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Zhao, Zhi Qing, and Shuang Li. "The Design Framework of Spatial Nodes of Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town - Case Study of National List Culture Town of Hengdaohezi Town." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1395.
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The Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town is famous for the construction and development of the Chinese Eastern Railway, but its recession is caused by the historical factors and the transport transformation. As a consequence, for such culture towns, there is a mix of problematic issues such as construction and development chaos, spatial structure uncertainty and destroyed townscape. This paper selects the spatial nodes as the research objects to explore its significance within the scope of conservation planning of historical culture town. Taking the practice of Hengdaohezi Town Conservation Planning into account, the author analyzes the status quo of this town presenting the principles of spatial nodes design and establishing the construction guiding framework of spatial nodes.
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Vaishar, Antonín, and Eva Kallabová. "The Development of services in small Moravian towns after the year 1990." Geografie 106, no. 4 (2001): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2001106040251.
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A complex geographical analysis of twelve Moravian towns with less than 15 thousand inhabitants has been made. Within this analysis, the services fulfilling the following main functions have been evaluated: meeting the needs of inhabitants, solving the problems of workers dismissed from production, realization of town creating function and promoting cultural activities. An evaluation of towns has been made and the main barriers in service activities were identified. The level of services in each town depends, apart from the human factor, on the size of the local market, the status of the town in the settlement system and on each town's specific conditions. Nowadays, small towns are re-evaluating their visions of the future, where the role of services is important.
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Wojnarowska, Anna. "Model for Assessment of Public Space Quality in Town Centers." European Spatial Research and Policy 23, no. 1 (2016): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esrp-2016-0005.
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Public space is an important element of urban structure, playing various spatial, social and economic roles in towns/cities. Its quality influences the quality of life of the inhabitants and the attractiveness of the town as a whole. Public space located in town center is the most representative of its identity and image, and also serves multiple functions and activities. The quality of urban space depends on different factors, which have been discussed in professional literature for the last few decades. The author of this paper developed a model for assessment of the quality of public space in town centers based on studies of methods already used in Poland and abroad, and the analysis of trends and ideas which should be taken into consideration while constructing a set of criteria for assessment methods. The main goal of this paper is to present the methodology of research on the quality of public space in town centers using this model. An important element of the model is the proposed method of delimiting the research area – the town center – based on identification of key public space of a town. The model comprises three methods, which can provide valuable information on the quality of public space, and also serve as a basis for constructing ratings of towns in each of these methods and the model as a whole. The research conducted using this model in chosen medium-sized towns of the Łódź region showed that the results of ratings obtained using particular methods and the whole model coincide with subjective opinions on public space in town centers given by its users and professionals evaluating it.
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Haberling, Jennifer A., and Brian White. "Teaching Our Town in Our Town." English Journal 93, no. 6 (2004): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128894.
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Thomas, Ray. "Book Review: New Town, Home Town." Urban Studies 31, no. 1 (1994): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989420080161.
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Nagy, Benedek. "Internet as a means of communication in the Szeklerland, in the marketing of localities." Erdélyi Társadalom 3, no. 2 (2005): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.59.
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The study examines the role played by the Internet in the marketing of localities, based on the experience of an empirical research about web-pages of towns in the Szekler region. Following a theoretical grounding – which presents the 20th century history of the formation and headway of town marketing – the analysis discusses the communication of Szekler towns following 1989, and the effects of Szekler urban configuration on marketing approach. It examines the perspectives prevailing during the towns' processes of 'electronic adaptation', whether the examined web-pages reflect harmony between the image of the town as a product and communication, whether authentic or newly designed systems of symbols appear, to strengthen the identity of the town, whether essential economic, demographic and other important pieces of information oriented to fundamental target segments are present or not.
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He, Shi Hong. "The Research of Smart Town Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.629.
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The smart town construction in China has just started, there is no unified and perfect construction contents, steps and models. Based on the study of smart city and smart town construction home and abroad, This work defines the basic contents and standard basic steps of the smart towns construction in China, and based on the smart city construction model’s home and abroad, through the transplant way, it discusses the basic mode and the problems that we need to pay attention to in the smart town construction.
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Yu, Fei Fei, Gui Yuan Li, and Yue Li. "Research on Landscape Design and Tourism Spatial Layout in Mountainous Towns." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2783.
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It is a planning measure for tourism small town to achieve a balanced landscape ecology and tourism functions, taking the mountainous town landscape planning and tourism space layout both merging into account. This paper analyzes and summarizes the mountainous towns tourism landscape resources features and planning principle, with specific cases on the rural tourism elaborates the space layout, so as to mountainous towns tourism to provide a more comprehensive planning ideas.
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Wei, Ke. "Analyzing Hierarchy Spatial Structure of Chinese Ancient Town." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2704.
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Village as the basic prototype, most of the Chinese ancient towns have formed distinctive spatial structure in the joint action of multiple factors. Space of Chinese ancient town embodies hierarchy structure from large to small in the process of formation and development. The space system of geography, town, environment, architecture, livingmaterial produce hierarchy structure, the higher level including the lower level, the lower level reflecting the higher level, and forming system of compound spatial structure in Chinese ancient towns in the end.
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Smith, Alison K. "New Town, New Townspeople: Transforming Gatchina in the 1790s." ВИВЛIОθИКА: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies 7 (November 19, 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.vivliofika.v7.537.
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On 11 November 1796, only five days after the death of Catherine II, her son and successor Paul released a decree naming two of his villages, Pavlovsk and Gatchina, towns. In an odd way, given their fraught relationship, this act echoed his mother’s past practice. She founded several hundred new towns to serve as new administrative centers for her newly formed provinces. Paul’s actions are more obscure, tied not to administrative needs but perhaps instead to a desire to glorify his own landholdings—or if not to glorify at least to increase the economic prosperity of his lands. The end results, however, followed a similar path: new towns needed new courts and new schools, new town seals and new town plans, and above all new townspeople. This article examine the process by which Gatchina, the village, was transformed into Gatchina, the town. In particular, it will focus on the establishment there of new merchant and meshchanin corporations, and of a town ratusha to oversee their management. Many of the new town’s new townspeople came from elsewhere to register there; as a result, they not only built up the town in numbers but also created a Russian space within what was an imperial periphery. This transformation shows both an effort at social organization and engineering and also the limits of those efforts when faced with individual desires.
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STOBART, JON. "Identity, competition and place promotion in the Five Towns." Urban History 30, no. 2 (2003): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926803001111.
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This article argues that cultural capital in the Victorian town contributed to spatial as well as social differentiation, helping to bolster the power of civic elites and the image and identity of the town. Evidence drawn from north Staffordshire Pottery towns demonstrates how the value of cultural capital reflected the scale, timing and geography of investment, and its ability to represent and communicate the taste and judgment of the civic elite to those of neighbouring towns. In the hothouse of local rivalry that led up to the creation of the borough of Stoke-on-Trent, investment in cultural capital took on extra significance as each town strove for political ascendancy in the nascent conurbation.
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Lin, Ling, and Jiangfeng Li. "Analysis on the Coupling Relationship and Coordinated Development between the Construction of Ethnic Minority Tourist Towns and the Tourism Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052451.
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The construction of minority characteristic tourist towns and the coordinated development of the tourism industry is an important way for ethnic minority tourist towns to improve their economic, social, resource, and environmental development levels. This article analyzed the mechanism of the coupling and coordination relationship between the construction system of ethnic minority characteristic tourist towns and the tourism industry system from three aspects: economy, society, and resource environment. Taking Longji Town as the research object, we constructed an index system for the coupling and coordinated development of the two systems. By using the coupling coordination degree model to analyze the coordinated development of Longji Town construction and tourism industry from 2013 to 2018, we found that the two systems generally show an upward development trend, and the degree of coupling coordination has changed from barely coupling coordination to good coupling coordination. The construction level of Longji Town and the degree of coupling coordination of the tourism industry system were manifested as the lagging development of the town construction level and the lagging tourism industry development alternately. The leading role of the development of Longji’s tourism industry in the construction of small towns was fluctuating and lacked stability. According to the research results, a policy reference for the sustainable development path of minority characteristic tourist towns was proposed.
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Białuński, Grzegorz. "„Dla powszechnego rozwoju, podniesienia i poprawy naszego księstwa”. Lokacje miast mazurskich w Prusach Książęcych (1525-1701)." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 69, no. 2 (2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2017.2.2.
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The article presents the process of creation of new towns in the Duchy of Prussia (1525-1701), which later became Masuria. More specifically, the paper describes how a hamlet received a location privilege. The establishment of towns described here (Olecko, Gołdap, Węgorzewo, Giżycko,Pisz and Ełk) was initiated by Albert, the Duke of Prussia (1525-1568). He was motivated by the idea partially formulated in the location privilege: “For the general growth, elevation and betterment of our duchy”. The duke personally granted the location privilege only to Olecko, which was the sole town established on previously unsettled land. In the remaining cases, he only gave a verbal promise. This did not guarantee a rapid grant of thelocation privilege as the promise was fulfilled by the duke’s successors in the remaining cases. It happened first in case of Gołdap and Węgorzewo, just several years after the promise had been made. It took a little longer in case of Giżycko (after several decades), while Pisz and Ełk had to wait the longest (almost or more than 100 years). Each town had its own different origins. Gołdap was created quickly (1565-1570) on an area which used to be a duke’s grange. Węgorzewo, Giżycko, Pisz and Ełk waited for several hundred years for a legally binding location privilege. It is important to note that each of the aforementioned towns was established near a former castle of the Teutonic Order. Moreover, the hamlets which developed near the former castles had a different status but they all performed a market or craft function. With time, this function served as a basis for applying for the town privilege. The market function was originally carried out by the peasant hamlets in Węgrorzewo and Giżycko, even though the towns were createdon the tenant farmer villages. Furthermore, the old peasant hamlets still functioned but as the contemporary out-of-town jurydykas (German Schloβfreiheit). Pisz was established on the basis of an old peasant hamlet and it never was a tenant farmer village. In case of Ełk it was the exact opposite, there never was a separate peasant hamlet. The tenant farmervillage located there evolved into a town. Only two towns were founded due to the inhabitants’ initiative, namely Olecko and Gołdap. The remaining ones were established collectively by the whole community. Most frequently, it took place with the participation of the inhabitants of the former hamlets (Giżycko, Pisz, and Ełk). The former inhabitants did not participate in the process of town building only in the case of Węgorzewo and Gołdap.Generally speaking, each location privilege described here gave the towns the so-called town privilege (German Stadtrecht). It described in detail the area of land and the type of the town privilege which was granted (Culm law in each case). Moreover, it allowed the creation of town authorities (mayor, council and bench) and granted them the option to issue documents and statutes (German Willkür) as well as allowed them to possess a seal. Furthermore, it allowed the towns to organize markets and fairs on certainfixed dates as well as regulated the rights and obligations of the townsmen. Even though the location privilege formally meant the end of the town creation process as far the law was concerned, it did not mean that it was the end of its formation. Further steps had to be made to constitute the authorities and the bench, to write statutes (German Willkür), guild regulations, etc.
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Waterston, Elizabeth. "Town and Country in John Galt: A Literary Perspective." Articles 14, no. 1 (2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017878ar.
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John Galt, town-planner and novelist, differed from contemporary writers such as William Wordsworth in his response to nature and to urban life. As agent for the Canada Company, he had the chance in 1827 to put some of his theories about town building into practice. Four years later, his novel Bogel Corbet presented a fictional version of that experiment in urbanism. All Galt's writings about the founding of a town emphasize community rituals and unity. His hope was that his settlement would move through an ascending order from village to town to garrison to city. The actual town of Guelph was of course unable to satisfy his ideal; in Bogle Corbet he adopts an ironic tone at the expense of the little town. But Bogle Corbet has another importance: in its random form as well as in its tone it emphasizes discontinuity. It foreshadows later treatments of small town life as well as has antecedents in English and Scottish literature. Since Galt's time, the ironic sequence sketch has proved a very appropriate literary genre for reflecting the disharmony of small Canadian towns.
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Alam, Md Kamre, Meraj Ahmed, and Farzana Naz. "Internet of Things Technologies for Smart Towns: A Remote System for Making Town Smart." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (2018): 1366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18878.
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Wang, Lu Xi, and Ping Yao. "Analysis of the Landscape Space Evolution Characteristics in Sichuan Qijiang Historical Town." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2571.
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The Qijiang historical town is a typical town of the settlement in central Sichuan, It's also the capital site of the ancient Qi country during the Spring and Autumn period. After thousands of years of evolution, it's still maintained a complete ancient space environment pattern now. The spatial form of historical town is simple and obvious, but the street space organization is in an orderly manner, yard surrounded close is flexible and ingenious, carrying an extremely rich intangible traditional culture and the historical heritage. Through to the summarizing and analyzing of the pace evolution characteristics of Qijiang historical towns, we can explore the historical landscape characteristics of the town and help to further study of the dependency relationship between material culture and intangible cultural in space environment. Especially to studying the formation and development of space of historical town and Qi Kingdom country. It's also can provide reference in protection and restoration of the historic, ecological and sustainable spatial forms of historical town .
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Lisheng, Luo. "Research on Development Strategy of Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Demonstration Base in Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao Greater Bay Area-- A Case Study of Xintai Group “Gold Town”." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101084.
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A “Gold town” is a characteristic town featuring gold industry and being operated by leading enterprises. Xintai Group in gold and jewelry industry has launched a “Gold Town” project in Houjie, Dongguan, Guangdong by taking advantage of its own capital and technology, seizing the opportunity of gold and jewelry industry transformation and gathering the strength of traditional gold and jewelry industry in Houjie. “Gold Town” is a key project supported by the local government in response to the national call. When setting up this project, Xintai Group introduced the characteristic development concept of European towns and optimized its own industrial structure, and meanwhile it aimed to build an industrial ecological base of gold and jewelry town and aggregate industrial development resources. This project has been partially completed and the first phase has been transferred to the production and operation stage. Therefore, it is of great significance for both Xintai Group and the local government to explore the appropriate development strategy of the “Gold Town” project.
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Bykowa, Elena, Maria Hełdak, and Julia Sishchuk. "Cadastral Land Value Modelling Based on Zoning by Prestige: A Case Study of a Resort Town." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 7904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197904.
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The article discusses cadastral land valuation in Russian resort towns, a procedure flawed by the fact that it does not take into account territorial prestige. Researchers in Russia and other countries state that it is essential to redistribute the land tax burden as the current situation creates tax injustice, which is reflected in the undervaluation of prestigious areas and the overvaluation of non-prestigious ones in resort towns. Competition for the most prestigious areas in such towns mainly stems from the opportunity for landowners to earn higher rental incomes during the high season. In view of this, the study aims to provide a method for cadastral land valuation in resort towns based on zoning by prestige. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated using the town of Anapa (a Russian resort town by the Black Sea) as a case study. The method is based on several research and analysis methods, including the following: the analytical method, which is used for a preliminary analysis of urban areas to identify the most attractive parts of resort towns; a modification of Saaty’s methodology combined with Pareto analysis, which is used to identify criteria for assessing how prestigious and important a part of the town is; cluster analysis, which is used for ranking areas in resort towns; correlation and regression analysis, which is used for land valuation modelling. The article describes the key criteria for ranking areas in resort towns by prestige, gives a definition of prestige applied to resort town districts, and proposes an equation for calculating the integral indicator of prestige and a method for assessing prestige. The validity of the prestige map that was created for the town of Anapa was proved by analyzing the average market prices for land plots located within the identified zones. The cadastral land valuation models describing land plots in Anapa that are intended for private housing construction can be correctly interpreted and are of acceptable quality.
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Roundy, Philip T. "“Small town” entrepreneurial ecosystems." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (2017): 238–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-09-2016-0040.
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Purpose Entrepreneurial ecosystems are receiving growing attention from scholars, practitioners and policy-makers in both developed and developing countries. Studies of this phenomenon have focused almost exclusively on ecosystems in large, urbanized regions and metropolitan areas, located primarily in developed economies. However, the prevalence of small cities across the globe and the increasing acknowledgment that entrepreneurship in small towns is a key determinant of their economic development and rejuvenation suggests that entrepreneurial ecosystems research would benefit from a broader lens of inquiry. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework for studying entrepreneurial ecosystems in small towns. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper introduces the concept of small town entrepreneurial ecosystems (STEEs), draws from a wide-ranging set of disciplines to delineate the ways in which small town ecosystems are similar to and different than their larger counterparts and theorizes about several strategies STEEs use to overcome their limitations. Findings It is theorized that entrepreneurship in small cities is best conceptualized as the outcome of an ecosystem, which means that although small towns may not have some of the same key components as entrepreneurial ecosystems in large urban centers, other elements of the ecosystem may be able to bolster these deficiencies. It also suggests that those attempting to create or develop small town ecosystems may need to be entrepreneurial in the way they attract, view and utilize resources. Finally, it is theorized that small cities may be able to engage in several strategies to overcome their limitations and create vibrant entrepreneurial communities. Originality/value The theory developed produces implications for scholars focused on entrepreneurial ecosystems, economic development and emerging economies and suggests practical implications for policy-makers and development organizations seeking to improve the economic landscape of small cities.
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Jin, Shan, Hai Bo Huang, and Kun Liu. "Balancing Growth and Preservation: Protection and Management of Nanxun Historic Water Town." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.411.
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Today in the context of contemporary rapid economic and social development many of the Chinese historic sites are being destroyed to make a way for new development, which is resulting in the abrupt disappearance of character and identity of the unique places. Nanxun historic water town is the most representative and unique water town in South of the Yangtze River. This paper analyzes the outstanding universal value of Nanxun historic water town, addresses the factors affecting the town such as development pressures, tourism pressures, and environmental pressures. It proposes the protective strategy for water towns in South of the Yangtze River, so that it can provide the useful experience for other historic sites in China.
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Korchagin, P. A. "LEGENDARY ANFALOVSKY TOWN. WAS THERE A TOWN?" Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2(37) (2017): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2017-2-5-16.
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Reed, Michael, Cynthia Brown, and Mervyn Miller. "Northampton, 1835-1985: Shoe Town, New Town." Economic History Review 45, no. 2 (1992): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597650.
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Daniels, J., and C. Brodsky. "Homestead From Mill Town to Mall Town." Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 4, no. 4 (2007): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2007-032.
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Jokimäki, Jukka, and Esa Huhta. "Artificial Nest Predation and Abundance of Birds Along an Urban Gradient." Condor 102, no. 4 (2000): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.838.
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Abstract We studied nest predation pressure on birds along an urban gradient in urban parks in three Finnish towns. Artificial ground nests with Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonicus) eggs were depredated more in the urban area than in the adjacent forest area. Within each town, the nest predation rate was higher in the town center than in the less urbanized area of detached houses. Predation rates did not vary from year to year or between study towns. Abundances of generalist avian predators were higher in the town center than in the area of detached houses and in the surrounding forest area. Most of the nests in the town center were destroyed by avian predators. Predation rate of artificial nests in each of the town areas was higher in managed parks than in unmanaged parks, presumably due to the less dense vegetation in the managed than the unmanaged parks. A test involving covering nests revealed that artificial nests covered by adjacent vegetation survived better than nests with less cover. In our study, artificial nest loss reflected the distribution of avian nest predators. Ground nesters were present at lower abundances in areas where concealing vegetation was missing and avian nest predation was high. Apparently, nest predation is one of the several possible mechanism affecting urban bird assemblages.
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Bevz, Mykola. "Town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) in western Ukraine – an example of urban complex built at the end of the 16th century on the concept of the renaissance “ideal town”." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 14, no. 2 (2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1772.
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The town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) belongs to the late Renaissance foundations of private resident cities in Halychyna in the late 16th century. Urban-spatial structure of the town was designed according to the Renaissance ideal city. The city consisted of two conjugated parts: the owner’s castle and the fortified downtown. The combination of these two parts was of a specific nature – when the central square of the town is combined with the facade of the castle complex.
 On the base of the historical and urban studies presented the hypothesis that town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) is an unique example of late Renaissance urbanism. The start of town build was in 1594 according to a project based on the concept of “ideal town”. We are thinking, that the author of the project and plan of town was Paolo Clamensi – Italian architect, worked in Lviv at the end of 16th century. The towns have a well-preserved original Renaissance planning structure and a number of architectural monuments that are connected with it. Reconstruction of the original historical town plan allows us to express the hypothesis of its similarity to the projects of cities published in the treatise of the Italian architect of the 16th century Pietro Cataneo.
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Jervis, Ben. "Assemblage Theory and Town Foundation in Medieval England." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, no. 3 (2016): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774316000159.
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It is proposed that our understanding of medieval town foundation is limited by a failure to appreciate that ‘town’ is a relational category. It is argued that urban character emerges from social relations, with some sets of social relationship revealing urbanity and others not, as places develop along distinctive, but related, trajectories. This argument is developed through the application of assemblage theory to the development of towns in thirteenth-century southern England. The outcome is a proposal that, by focusing on the social relations through which towns are revealed as a distinctive category of place, we can better comprehend why and how towns mattered in medieval society and develop a greater understanding of the relationship of urbanization to other social processes such as commercialization and associated changes in the countryside.
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Dijokienė, Dalia. "ISTORINIAI PRIEMIESČIAI SENAMIESČIŲ STRUKTŪROJE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 33, no. 2 (2009): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2009.33.92-99.
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Attention is drawn to the fact that the borders of majority of protected old towns in Lithuania are juridical rather than structural. This complicates protection of these territories. The following concepts are defined: historic town, old town, historic kernel of town, historic suburb. Urban characteristics (plan, buildup, size-and-space composition) of the historic suburbs of Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda and Kėdainiai that are within the borders of the old towns are described in a summarized way. The components of the old towns (historic town’s kernel and historic suburbs) are distinguished in the illustrating material. Santrauka Atkreipiamas dėmesys į tai, kad daugumos saugomų Lietuvos senamiesčių ribos yra juridinės, o ne struktūrinės – tai sukelia nemažai problemų realizuojant šių teritorijų apsaugą. Apibrėžiamos sąvokos: istorinis miestas, senamiestis, istorinis miesto branduolys, istorinis priemiestis. Apibendrintai aptariami Vilniaus, Kauno, Klaipėdos ir Kėdainių istorinių priemiesčių, esančių senamiesčiuose, urbanistiniai ypatumai – plano, užstatymo ir tūrinės erdvinės kompozicijos savitumai. Iliustracijose grafiškai išskiriamos senamiesčių sudėtinės dalys – istorinis miesto branduolys ir istoriniai priemiesčiai.