Relevant bibliographies by topics / Town planning health worker

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Academic literature on the topic 'Town planning health worker'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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Brieger, William R., Frederick O. Oshiname, and Ganiyu A. Oke. "The Role of Community Health Workers in the Management of Essential Drugs." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4qm8-9e40-tjvq-y42m.

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The ability to provide essential drugs not only fulfills part of the primary health care (PHC) duties of the community health worker (CHW), but also helps legitimize the role of the CHW in the community. Essential drugs are often routed through relatively inefficient government structures before reaching the CHW, thus creating problems of regular supplies and timely distribution. Few examples are said to exist where CHWs take charge of essential drug programs to the fullest: planning, purchasing, and maintaining their own stocks. An association of CHWs in Were Nigeria has been doing just that since 1986–87. Self-assessment of this scheme was stimulated by several factors including rising wholesale prices and subsequent community member reluctance to pay for medicines. In addition, the local government had begun its own CHW training in line with national PHC guidelines and priorities. It became possible to examine the two systems side by side. The main variable used to determine system functioning was whether CHWs had replenished their village drug box stocks in the previous year. Among five factors tested, group (Were CHW association member or local government trainee) sex, age, residence (town or hamlet), and perceived willingness to pay by villagers, only group was shown to be significantly associated with stock replenishment purchases. Most (63%) of the independent Idere group had replenished their stocks compared to 35 percent of local government CHWs. Cultural factors such as elders' predisposition to provide free service to those in need were also identified. The Idere association used this information to suggest ways of improving supervision, support, and purchasing so as to strengthen their service to the community.
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Agbawodikeizu, Uju Patricia, Uju Patricia Agbawodikeizu, Prince Chiemeka Agwu, Uzoma Okoye, Uzoma Okoye, Ijeoma Igwe, and Ijeoma Igwe. "Controversies in preparing for end-of-life in Nsukka town of Nigeria and suggestions for Nigerian based social work practice." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 20, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i2.1140.

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Death is regarded as a natural phenomenon of life, but its consequences for the bereaved are often times very bitter. One way to circumvent this bitter experience is through making plans before dying. However, not everyone seems to appreciate this, which has generated lots of controversies. Thus, end-of-life planning attitude among adult residents in one of Nigeria’s Igbo area was examined using cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 587 adults and also analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools. Age, level of education, marital status and sex were shown to have statistically significant relationships with attitude toward end-of-life planning, while cultural beliefs were discovered to also exercise overbearing influence. The study further discovered some cultural practices that deter people from planning for end-of-life and therefore advocates for social protection and reorientation which should principally involve social workers. Suggestions were made for introduction of end-of-life planning education in the curriculum of institutions of secondary and tertiary learning in Nigeria, as a measure to help reform attitudes of persons toward preparing for end-of-life in future.
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Wilson, Don AB, Alan J. Flisher, and Mark Welman. "Psychiatric emergency service users at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town." South African Journal of Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i3.108.

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Objective. To document and compare the characteristics of patients assessed at a psychiatric emergency service (PES) during April and May of 1988 and 1998.Design. Two cross-sectional surveys.Setting. Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town.Subjects. Patients assessed at the PES, GSH.Outcome measures. These were occupational status, referral source, distance travelled to get to the hospital, and diagnosis.Results. Nine hundred and twenty-five patients made 1 081 visits to the unit during a 2-month period in 1988, while during a similar period in 1998, 364 patients made 477 visits. In the latter period the patients were significantly more likely to be skilled workers or students/scholars, to be referred from within GSH or other health facilities, to have travelled less than 10 km to get to the hospital, and to be suffering from a mood disorder or suicidality (and less likely to be suffering from a substance use disorder).Conclusions. The differences between the two time periods indicate that changes in policy during the period 1988 - 1998 may have impacted on the patient profile at the PES at GSH. It is important to document such changes with a view to informing service planning for both tertiary referral centres and other levels of care.
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Shatz, Julia R. "A POLITICS OF CARE: LOCAL NURSES IN MANDATE PALESTINE." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 4 (November 2018): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000892.

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AbstractThis article examines the work experiences of Palestinian Arab nurses to illuminate the operation of the colonial public health regime in Mandate Palestine. Analyzing nurses’ work in the clinics of town and village communities and their relationships with the colonial government's Department of Health, it argues that these nurses were social and political interlocutors in the system of public health, which depended upon their intimate relationships with local communities. By pulling these women out of the archives, this article complicates received wisdom among scholars about development, expertise, and the chronology of welfare. Telling the stories of these women also provides a ground-level view of the operation of daily governance in Mandate Palestine and the lived social, political, and economic realities of an often-overlooked cadre of Palestinian workers from that period.
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Mohamed Ali, Omar Yousof. "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN SHENDI TOWN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2788.

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Diarrheal diseases are a collection of diseases caused by multiple viral, bacterial, and parasitic organisms that share common symptoms, and it’s defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stool per day. This Descriptive community based cross sectional study was conducted in Shendi Town during the year2015To study Knowledge and Attitude towards diarrheal disease in children under five years. A system of simple random sampling allocation was followed to select the sample for coverage of diarrhea disease in Shendi town. The data was collected through instructed questionnaire according to SNAP standard Questionnaire which contains 20 closed ended questions with simple language that was been easily to understood by the respondents . The collected data was analyzed by entering it into computer and analyzed using both Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program (spss). The results then presented in tables and figures, and then subjected to additional statistical analyses T test to find associations and statistical significance by finding P value. The most important conclusions revealed from the study is, Most of mothers (55%) seek medical treatment when their children got diarrhea. The most important recommendations emerged from this study, Government and Shendi local authorities must educate mothers on diarrheal disease prevention and rehydration, Sufficient programs and facilities should be made available for family planning, Give oriented task health education to health workers.
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Hindhede, Anette Lykke, and Jens Aagaard-Hansen. "Using Social Network Analysis as a Method to Assess and Strengthen Participation in Health Promotion Programs in Vulnerable Areas." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916686029.

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This article provides an example of the application of social network analysis method to assess community participation thereby strengthening planning and implementation of health promotion programming. Community health promotion often takes the form of services that reach out to or are located within communities. The concept of community reflects the idea that people’s behavior and well-being are influenced by interaction with others, and here, health promotion requires participation and local leadership to facilitate transmission and uptake of interventions for the overall community to achieve social change. However, considerable uncertainty exists over exact levels of participation in these interventions. The article draws on a mixed methods research within a community development project in a vulnerable neighborhood of a town in Denmark. It presents a detailed analysis of the way in which social network analysis can be used as a tool to display participation and nonparticipation in community development and health promotion activities, to help identify capacities and assets, mobilize resources, and finally to evaluate the achievements. The article concludes that identification of interpersonal ties among people who know one another well as well as more tenuous relationships in networks can be used by community development workers to foster greater cohesion and cooperation within an area.
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Mumbi, Anne Wambui, and Tsunemi Watanabe. "Differences in Risk Perception of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors between Lay People and Factory Workers for Water Management in River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality Kenya." Water 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082248.

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This study evaluates the differences between risk predictors and risk perception regarding water pollution. Specifically, it focuses on the differences in risk perception between factory workers and lay people situated in textile industries near the River Sosiani in Eldoret, Kenya. The lay people are divided into two groups. The respondents living downstream are situated mostly in town centers and at the mid/lower parts of the river, and the respondents living upstream are mainly found at the upper parts of the River Sosiani. Data were obtained from 246 participants using questionnaires. Several factors influencing risk perception were selected to evaluate the degree of perceived risk amongst the groups. Descriptive statistics, mean score and correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the data. The one-way ANOVA results showed statistically different levels of risk perceptions amongst the groups. The partial and bivariate correlation analyses revealed the differences in scientific knowledge between respondents upstream and downstream. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that each group used different variables to determine risks in the region. In the factory group, 56.1% of the variance in risk perception is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, trust in the government’s capacity to manage water pollution and the impact of water pollution on human health. About 65.9% of the variance in risk perception of the downstream inhabitants is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, the possibility of industries generating water pollution, and previous experience with water pollution. For the respondents located upstream, age, sensorial factors, trust in the government and the possibility of being impacted by water pollution factors significantly predicted 37.05% of the variance in risk perception. These findings indicate that enhanced public participation in water governance amongst the residents of Eldoret town is needed, along with an understanding of the different characteristics of the respondents in the region during risk communication. This will boost awareness in the region and promote the adoption of better practices to minimise the adverse effects of water pollution faced by the region.
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Lee, Alison Elizabeth. "“Illegality,“ health problems, and return migration: Cases from a migrant sending community in Puebla, Mexico “Ilegalidad“, problemas de salud, y migración de retorno: los casos de una comunidad migrante de origen en Puebla, México «Illégalité», problèmes de santé et migration de retour: Le cas d'une communauté d'envoi des migrants située à Puebla, Mexique." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 62–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030104.

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This article examines several cases of undocumented workers who returned to their hometown in Mexico because of unresolved health problems they suffered in the US. Their “illegal“ status complicated the prospect of a full recovery and, therefore, played an important role in their decision to return to Mexico. Access to medical services, the preference to remain invisible to the state, demanding and dangerous working conditions, lack of worker benefits, low pay and separation from family members were important factors contributing to their health problems. Interviews with migrants highlight the contradictions between full integration into the exploitative economic system and exclusion from health care. Data was collected from 2003 to 2005 and from 2011 to 2012 using ethnographic methods and in-depth interviews in a rural town in Mexico and New York City, the principal destination of the migrants from the town.Spanish Este artículo examina varios casos de trabajadores indocumentados quienes retornaron a su pueblo natal en México, debido a problemas de salud no resueltos que sufrieron en los Estados Unidos. Su estatus "ilegal" complicó las perspectivas de una completa recuperación y, por lo tanto, jugó un papel importante en su decisión de regresar a México. El acceso a los servicios médicos, la preferencia de permanecer invisibles para el Estado, las exigentes y peligrosas condiciones de trabajo, la falta de beneficios laborales, los bajos salarios y la separación de los miembros de la familia, fueron factores importantes que contribuyeron a sus problemas de salud. Las entrevistas con los migrantes destacan las contradicciones entre la plena integración en el sistema de explotación económica y la exclusión de la atención sanitaria. Se recogieron datos de 2003 a 2005 y desde 2011 hasta 2012 usando métodos etnográficos y entrevistas en profundidad en un pueblo rural en México y en la ciudad de Nueva York, el principal destino de los migrantes. French Cet article examine le cas de plusieurs travailleurs sans papiers forcés de retourner dans leur village natal au Mexique en raison des problèmes de santé subis et qu'ils n'ont pas pu résoudre aux États-Unis. Leur statut «illégal» a compliqué la perspective d'un rétablissement complet et a par conséquent joué un rôle important dans leur décision de retourner au Mexique. Le non accès aux services médicaux, le souci constant de rester invisible face aux autorités locales, les conditions de travail exigeantes et dangereuses, l'impossibilité d'avoir accès aux avantages sociaux traditionnellement réservés aux travailleurs, les salaires bas, ainsi que la séparation d'avec les membres de leur famille sont autant de facteurs qui contribuent à leurs problèmes de santé ou à l'aggravation de ceux-ci. Les entretiens menés avec les migrants, me ent en évidence les contradictions entre l'intégration complète dans le système d'exploitation économique et de l'exclusion aux soins de santé. Les données présentées dans ce e analyse, ont été recueillies de 2003 à 2005 et de 2011 à 2012 en utilisant des méthodes ethnographiques et des entrevues en profondeur dans un village rural au Mexique et à New York, principale destination des migrants en provenance de ce e zone.
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DeStefanis, B., and A. G. Lucia. "Italian Aid in Qorioley Refugee Camps, Somalia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065912.

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AbstractItalian physicians who, from Oct. 1979 to April 1981 directed an emergency medical team in the Ogaden refugee camps of the Qorioley district of Somalia, report on location, general set-up, vital statistics, health aspects, water and food supply, sanitation, disposal of waste matter, health hazards, spread and control of diseases, health education, and planning of health services and health teams.Invited by the Caritas of Somalia and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Mogadishu, Somalia, from October 15, 1979 to December 31, 1980, two Italian medical teams of the Associazione Universitaria per la Cooperazione Internazionale (AUCI) worked among the Ogaden Refugees in 3 camps of the Qorioley District, lower Shabelli Region of Somalia. Each team consisted of one physician and 2 registered nurses. The Qorioley district, about 140 km SW of Mogadishu, has high day-time temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. The day to night temperature gradients are high. Strong winds are blowing to and from the Indian Ocean.The 3 camps had been set up in the bush, on the right bank of the Shabelli river, about 8 km NW of Qorioley Town. The refugees in these camps were of Somali extraction and of Muslin culture and religion. They were housed in large military tents, aqal (round roofed skin covered hut of nomads), “mundul” (circular grass-thatched hut built around a central pole) and “arysh” (rectangular hut, corrugated iron tile roofs), aggregated at a very high density. More than 5000 people lived on one hectar. It was so crowded lhat there was no more space than 1.5 m2 of shelter per person. They lacked all hygienic services.Each camp had a food storage hut (mud walled with corrugated iron roof) and 2-3 water collection ponds, fed from the river. At the time of our arrival, two “arysh” with a total of 20 beds were in use for non-ambulatory patients. Scattered in the camps there were 6 “medical posts.”
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Svensson, Bengt. "Life as a drug user." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 14, no. 4 (August 1997): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259701400407.

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This article is based on a field study I made in trying to understand the everyday life of drug users. I tried to answer the question why drugs stay in addicts’ lives. Is it because of the power of the drug? Or has life on the drug scene any advantages compared to the available life in ordinary society? The material, which was collected through ethnographic fieldwork in the milieus where the drug users spend their time, is based primarily on observations, conversations, and in-depth interviews. In this article I focus on a group of seven key informants, five men and two women, whom I met during the field-work. In between 1989 and 1995 I met these and other informants more than five hundred times. I introduce a metaphor by which I look at the addict's relation to the drug as a love affair. The relationship begins with a phase of falling in love, which leads to a decision either to live separately or to live together. In the latter case, the relationship is established as a marital relation, characterized by security, habits and routines, moments when passionate love flares up again, periods of doubt, and possibly a decision to break up. This break-up can lead to divorce from the drug, but the relationship can also be resumed after a period of separation. When I began my study after having worked for many years as a social worker, one of my basic assumptions was that there was a solidarity among drug addicts and that it was one of the main attractions of a life on drugs. I have since arrived at the conclusion that there is extensive sociality, but without solidarity. There is outward solidarity, vis-à-vis outsiders, authorities of various kinds. The primary expression of this outward solidarity is the principle of not to “snitch”. There is no inward solidarity, however. People let others down, trick their friends, steal from each other, expose others to risk, ignore pleas for help, and so on. The lack of solidarity is due to the fact that the addicts all do business with each other. The most important ways of making a living are based on deals: selling drugs to other addicts, doing break-ins together and sharing the loot, receiving goods from others and offering to sell them, exchanging goods for drugs, treating someone to a fix and expecting a fix in return, charging people who use their flat as a crash-pad, arranging contacts with pushers, selling on a commission basis for a pusher. Relations between the actors in the drugs world are generally permeated with economic relations. The lack of real solidarity is perhaps the main reason why addicts want to leave drugs behind. Only one of the key informants never talked about kicking the habit. Quite a few of them have tried to break out of their addiction. These attempts to break out - or to break into normal society - have demonstrated some of the difficulties facing an addict who wants to get established in ordinary life. As competent drug addicts, with a large network of contacts and a short planning perspective, they come to a world where this competence has no value, where it is essential to be able to plan one's economy, and where they know very few people who do not take drugs. They move to a new world, but the old world of drugs is always alongside it. Even if they move to a new town, they can recognize people of “their own kind” around them. Although staying in the addicts’ world means misery, betrayal, and even death, it has other features: the sociality, eventfulness, the short perspectives, the everything-will-work-out-fine attitude, the sense of competence, having something to do (in the form of criminal ways of making a living), and the artificial pleasure of the drugs. This can be contrasted with the alternatives offered to them by ordinary life: solitude, unemployment, poverty, idleness, the sense of being superfluous. Despite the difficulties, many of the informants make constant attempts to break into ordinary life. I see this as an expression of their having the same basic goals in life as people in general: that they want to live a normal life and be respected by normal people. The result of their efforts depends to a large extent on how they can fill the emptiness they meet when they quit drugs and a lifestyle completely connected with drugs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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Andreucci, Renata Azevedo. "O urbano e o sanitário na transformação do espaço em Campinas." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2643.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Renata Azevedo Andreucci1.pdf: 2079250 bytes, checksum: 38537e957879d95675b361834ce399ec (MD5) Renata Azevedo Andreucci2.pdf: 2016379 bytes, checksum: decf770cb490aeae6d68a20ab0981dc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14
The paper deals with issues related to the implementation of the town planning health in the cities and of the urban planning to order the accelerated growth of the cities. It relates the action of the sanitary engineer, Francisco Saturnino de Brito and the town planner engineer Francisco Prestes Maia and their influence in the transformation of the urban space of Campinas. The city, located in the inland area of the state of São Paulo, had his origin from the establishment of troops that followed in the direction of the goldmines. It became a town in the cycle of the sugar cane and since then was in intense process of development, with the consolidation of the coffee complex, when its population was devastated by three big consecutive outbreaks of the epidemic of yellow fever. The paper compares some innovative proposals of Saturnino de Brito, in the condition Chief Sanitary District Commission of the State of São Paulo; and of Prestes Maia, the Urban Improvement Plan. It concludes that the urban planning is fundamental to control the natural growth of the cities, avoiding the major problems.
Aborda as questões relacionadas à implantação do urbanismo sanitarista nas cidades e do planejamento urbano, com intuito de ordenar o crescimento acelerado das cidades. Relata a atuação do engenheiro sanitarista, Francisco Saturnino de Brito e do engenheiro urbanista Francisco Prestes Maia e a influência no processo de transformação do espaço urbano de Campinas. A cidade, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, teve sua origem a partir do estabelecimento de tropas que seguiam em direção às minas de ouro. Constituiu-se como vila no ciclo da cana de açúcar e estava em processo intenso de modernização, com a consolidação do complexo cafeeiro, quando teve sua população dizimada por três grandes surtos consecutivos da epidemia de febre amarela. O trabalho compara algumas propostas inovadoras feitas por Saturnino de Brito, na condição de Chefe do Distrito da Comissão Sanitária do Estado de São Paulo; e de Prestes Maia, no Plano de Melhoramentos Urbanos. Conclui que o planejamento urbano é fundamental para direcionar o crescimento natural das cidades, antecipando a resolução dos principais problemas.
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Loveday, Marian Patricia. "An evaluation of the SACLA Rehabilitation Worker project in Cape Town, South Africa, 1992-1993." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27156.

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This dissertation reports on an evaluation of the home visiting programme of the SACLA Rehabilitation Worker project against the background of the socio-economic context of the community and the history of the project. The evaluation had two aims. Firstly, it aimed to highlight the programme's strengths and weaknesses so that the work could become both more efficient and more effective. Secondly, it aimed to establish whether the SACLA rehabilitation project is an effective model of a community based rehabilitation project on which other local projects could be based. Quantitative data was collected by interviewing the caregivers of disabled children who were involved in the project. In-depth interviews with the rehabilitation workers provided qualitative data which was used to confirm the validity of some of the quantitative data. The foremost findings were that the mothers were very positive about the support received from the RWs. The majority of the caregivers remembered the activities that they had been taught by the RWs and performed them well. Poor communication with the caregivers and a lack of skills on the part of the RWs gave rise to a number of problems. A number of changes highlighted by the evaluation were suggested. In conclusion, the project was found to be an effective model of local community based rehabilitation on which other projects could be based.
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Freedheim, Sara Beth. "Why fewer bells toll in Ceará : success of a community health worker program in Ceará, Brazil." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66355.

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Kali, Julia Mamosiuoa. "Understanding women’s involvement in primary health care: a case study of Khayelitsha (Cape Town)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4095.

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Magister Artium (Medical Anthropology) - MA(Med Ant)
Women are the principle providers of their families when it comes to issues of health care, even though their health needs and efforts are neglected. The contributions that they make to health development seem to be undervalued, and their working conditions ignored. Societies depend heavily on women as role players in the welfare of their families and of national economics together with their physical well-being which determines the ability to be productive. The study has provided an overview of the experiences of women concerning primary health care and the quality of service in Nolungile PHC Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Primary health care (PHC) forms an integral part both of the country‘s health system and the overall social and economic development of the community. Central to the PHC approach is full community participation in the planning, provision, control and monitoring of services. Priority has to be given to the improvement of women‘s social and economic status.A much neglected perspective in health issues is that, a number of questions arise from the provision of PHC. Does PHC rely on the contribution of women and if so, why women? Women in their communities have joined their hands together as community health workers, educating community members on issues of health. The study has provided an insight of the work that women are doing in their communities, and how do they give meaning to their experiences in PHC. The study also answered questions that raise fundamental issues on gender stereotyping and disparities in PHC. The study gave me an opportunity to work closely with the women while observing the challenges that they are facing and how to they overcome them in the daily lives.Changes are called towards the attitudes of health care providers working in the formal and nonformal sectors. The provision of health education for women ultimately empowers them as health educators for the community.
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Dooley, Anthony Jason. "Redefining the Community Hospital: a Small Town Approach to Medical Planning and Design." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04012007-181350/.

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Van, Zijl Shelsley. "A survey to assess knowledge and acceptability of intrauterine devices (IUD) among family planning clients and providers in the Family Planning services in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9341.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-106).
[Background]The IUD is a highly effective, reliable, and safe contraceptive method that is under-utilised in many countries due to persistent fears that it causes pelvic infection. Reliable evidence of the safety of this contraceptive method has not been enough to effect a change in use. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and acceptability of the IUD among clients and providers in the Family Planning services in Cape Town and to attempt to identity obstacles to use. [Methods] A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at eight Family Planning clinics in Cape Town. Two hundred and sixteen clients aged between 18 and 50 years, and 30 providers from the same clinics, were interviewed using structured questionnaires. [Results] Awareness of the IUD among clients was low - 81 women (41%) had heard of this contraceptive method. Ever and current use were very low. Only 9 women (4%) had ever used an IUD and 3 women were still using this method. Both the women who were interested in using this method in the future (n=77; 36%) and the women who were ambivalent or not interested in future use (n=139; 64%) cited a lack of knowledge as an obstacle to use. Although most providers were aware of the availability of the IUD (n=26; 87%). their factual knowledge was limited. Infection (n=14; 47%) and increased menstrual bleeding (n=12; 40%) were frequently mentioned as disadvantages. Referrals for and insertions of the IUD were low, and this method was often not discussed with women considering tubal ligation. Providers identified lack of client knowledge, myths and rumours among clients, lack of skilled providers to insert the device, and lack of promotion of the IUD, as significant obstacles to greater use of this method. [Conclusion] Although the IUD is available in the public sector services, it is not being utilized. Better education of both clients and providers is essential in order to improve accessibility and acceptability of this highly effective and cost effective contraceptive method.
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Lee, Ping-kuen Felix. "Healthy city in Tseung Kwan O : urban planning in Hong Kong into the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284552.

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Sixma, Herman Johan Marinus. "New land, new town, new health care system primary care based health care planning in a modern, industrialized society; a case-study evaluating the health care demonstration project in the new Dutch town of Almere /." [Utrecht] : Maastricht : NIVEL ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5930.

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Bross, Stephanie. "Senior Living and Health: Designing for a Multigenerational Community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522420176287392.

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Fataar, Kulthum. "An exploration of knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary health care providers providing contraceptive and family planning services in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative study." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32672.

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Health care providers can play a significant role in empowering women to make informed decisions when selecting suitable contraceptive methods during contraceptive counselling. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of primary health care providers delivering contraceptives services in Cape Town to gain a deeper understanding of the delivery of contraceptive services. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted at five public primary health care facilities in urban areas in Cape Town, South Africa. Eligible participants included primary health care providers providing contraceptive services and willing to participate in the study. The qualitative software package NVivo was used to sort and manage data. Data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Overall, providers emphasized supporting women in contraceptive decision-making. Sexual and reproductive health training increased providers confidence to deliver appropriate contraceptive services. Furthermore, contraceptive prescribing practices were also influenced by medical eligibility criteria and women's preferred bleeding patterns. However, contraceptive prescribing practices were also influenced by providers' attitudes towards younger and older women. Challenges experienced by providers when providing contraceptive services included: contraceptive stockouts; time constraints of employed women accessing the service; and work pressure due to providing other health services. Health care providers play a critical role in facilitating women's right to accessing high quality contraceptive services. Providers in the study perceived themselves as negotiators during contraceptive counselling by considering both women's preferences and provider recommendations for contraception, whilst enabling women to make informed contraceptive decisions through provision of reproductive health information. Consequently, shifting contraceptive counselling to focus on shared decision-making may encourage autonomy during decision-making and help to limit the influence of provider attitudes on contraceptive prescribing and counselling.
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Books on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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Hugh, Stretton, ed. Compassionate town planning. [Liverpool]: Liverpool University Press, 1994.

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O'Shea, Ross. Town centre health checks and management perceptions and participation of the business community: A case study of Waterford city centre. Dublin: University College Dublin, 2002.

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Stanley, Fiona J. The greatest injustice: Why we have failed to improve the health of Aboriginal people : 11 th Annual Hawke Lecture delivered by Professor Fiona Stanley AC on Thursday 6 November 2008, Adelaide Town Hall, Adelaide. Adelaide: Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre, 2009.

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Lockwood, John I. The Lockwood survey 2000: Capturing, catering and caring for consumers : a critical evaluation of the competitiveness of town centres from the consumers' point of view : a review of 260 key locations and the contribution that town centre management is making to their health and vitality. Huddersfield: Urban Management Initiatives, 2001.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions. Who will care for us?: The looming crisis of health workforce shortages : hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on examining the looming crisis of health care worker shortage, July 12, 2002, Warwick, RI. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe., ed. Town planning and health. World Health Organization, 1997.

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Hilton, Martine. Planning and assessing health worker activities: Facilitator's guide (Primary health care management advancement programme). Aga Khan Foundation, 1993.

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A guide to town planning for the health service in London. London: London Health Observatory, 2001.

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Petra, Reyes, ed. A Field study of worker performance in a community-based health and family planning project, Oyo State, Nigeria. New York: Center for Population and Family Health, Columbia University, 1985.

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The impact of HIV/AIDS on planning issues in KwaZulu-Natal: An update of the 1995 report (Town and Regional Planning Commission report). Town and Regional Planning Commission, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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Hall, Tony. "More Big Issues – Health, Environment and the Countryside." In Town Planning, 37–43. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367257491-5.

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Geddes, Patrick, and Ray Bromley. "Public Health in the Industrial Age." In Town Planning towards City Development, 14–23. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Studies in: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315761961-4.

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Lam, Carina Y. H., Joanna W. Y. Lee, and Ted T. C. Chan. "Town planning and community development." In The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 186–95. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003119111-17-20.

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Geddes, Patrick, and Ray Bromley. "Disease as Poverty; and Public Health as Public Wealth." In Town Planning towards City Development, 155–62. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Studies in: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315761961-80.

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Geddes, Patrick, and Ray Bromley. "City Health Improvement as Productive Improvement: Plague Losses and Plague Measures." In Town Planning towards City Development, 141–46. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Studies in: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315761961-78.

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Geddes, Patrick, and Ray Bromley. "Public Health Losses of Indore, other than Plague; and Practical Measures." In Town Planning towards City Development, 147–54. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Studies in: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315761961-79.

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Moeke, Dennis, and René Bekker. "Capacity Planning in Healthcare: Finding Solutions for Healthy Planning in Nursing Home Care." In Integrating the Organization of Health Services, Worker Wellbeing and Quality of Care, 171–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59467-1_8.

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Gondhalekar, Daphne, Sven Nussbaum, Adris Akhtar, and Jenny Kebschull. "Planning Under Uncertainty: Climate Change, Water Scarcity and Health Issues in Leh Town, Ladakh, India." In Sustainable Water Use and Management, 293–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12394-3_16.

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Shapiro, Ania, and Putu Duff. "Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Inequities Among Sex Workers Across the Life Course." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 61–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_4.

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AbstractAll individuals, including sex workers, are entitled to the full spectrum of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. Yet sex workers continue to bear significant SRH inequities and unmet needs for appropriate SRH services at every step along their sexual and reproductive lives. To illustrate the complex and nuanced barriers that currently impede sex workers’ access to SRH services, this chapter describes the current gaps in access to SRH services experienced by sex workers globally, drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 171 sex workers and sex worker organisations from across ten countries. Interviews highlight the lack of tailored, comprehensive, and integrated SRH services. These gaps are driven by intersecting structural forces such as: the criminalisation of sex work, same-sex relationships, and gender non-conformance; harmful and coercive SRH policies; sex work and gender-based stigma; and logistical and practical barriers. To support the SRH needs and rights of sex workers, participants recommended improved access to comprehensive, integrated services addressing sex workers’ broader SRH needs, including family planning, abortion and pregnancy needs, SRH screening, hormone therapy, and other gender-affirming services. Crucial steps towards ensuring equitable SRH access for sex workers include addressing stigma and discrimination within healthcare settings, removal of coercive SRH policies and practices, and dedicating appropriate resources towards sex worker-led SRH models within the context of decriminalisation of sex work.
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DUNN, C. L., and D. D. PANDYA. "HOUSING AND TOWN-PLANNING." In Indian Hygiene and Public Health, 269–81. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-0068-2.50017-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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Sundborg, Bengt. "Making the Most of Daylight in Town Planning." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6687.

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Making the most of daylight in town planning is one of the important ingredients in the attempts for the sustainable city. Exactly 150 years ago Ildefons Cerdà presented his great work “Teoría General de la Urbanización” including methods for taking care of sunlight. However, with modern software, the possibilities to do comprehensive preparations are much better. This paper presents an urban typology considering daylight with basic geometric forms, shapes and patterns. Later this will be elaborated more in detail. The research includes three steps; choosing typical alternatives for settlements and designing some new principle urban solutions, calculations and evaluations of the alternatives considering especially energy saving. The quality and the quantity of daylight are dependent of the geometry of the urban spaces. That means the volumes for the buildings as well as the empty spaces in between. The accessibility for diffuse daylight from the sky and for direct rays from the sun is measurable by computer calculations where the sun angles and the skylight from the hemisphere are simulated. Relevant parameters are height, width and length. In a settlement with a high urban density it is more difficult to distribute daylight than in a settlement with low density. However the economy for exploitations is also worse with lower density. Therefore the comparisons between different settlements are with the same density. The orientation of the settlements according to the compass is of crucial importance looking to the direct sunlight and the shadows. How the local environment with parks, water, mountains and specific landmarks in the surroundings also affects the daylight distribution is included.References (100 words) Dubois, M.-C., Gentile, N., Amorim, C., Osterhaus, W., Stoffer, S.,Jakobiak, R., Geisler-Moroder, D., Matusiak, B., Onarheim, F. M., Tetri, E. (2016) Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50. (Energy Procedia. vol. 91). Littefair, P. J. (2011) Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice (BRE, Building Research Establishment, IHS BRE Press, Watford). Rode, P., Keim, C., Robazza, G., Viejo, P. and Schofield, J. (2014) Cities and energy: urban morphology and heat energy demand (LSE, London School of Economics, Cities and EIFER, European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, London).
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Tello, Linda, and David Grau. "Design and Planning Opportunities for Effectively Minimizing Worker Exposure to Cumulative Health Hazards." In Construction Research Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481288.044.

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Zang, Wei, Xue Mei Yang, and Ying Jie Zhao. "Thoughts on epidemic preventuon and control. Impact of population migration on epidemic preventon and control in labour-intensive cities and towns during spring festival." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxgm9037.

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Novel coronavirus pneumonia strikes the city in 2020, making this year special. It also brings us to the attention of the city's public safety and health problem, which directly affects the city's healthy and sustainable development. During the Spring Festival, a large number of migrant workers in labour-intensive cities and towns returned to their places of residence, forming a large-scale population migration across the country, increasing the difficulty of controlling the epidemic. This paper analyzes the labour migration, medical support, government measures and residents of labour-intensive cities and towns, understands the underlying logic of the epidemic situation, puts forward some solutions for urban disaster prevention and control, and increases urban resilience. It mainly includes: 1) building a population mobility information platform, using big data and network to accurately locate, to guide the later epidemic prevention and control and to prevent secondary infection; 2)To solve the problem of insufficient implementation of urban medical supporting facilities and avoid infection on the way to medical treatment, we should set up a temporary medical treatment point according to the "cell neighbourhood" approach in the city; 3)Make good use of online official channels to shorten the time lag between governments in transmitting information and taking measures; 4) It is significant to encourage residents to join in the epidemic prevention and control, to improve the residents' awareness of prevention and control and the ability to distinguish the authenticity of information.
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Chen, Chih-Hung, and Chih-Yu Chen. "From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5923.

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From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)
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Sturges, Robert H., Serge Moutran, Mark W. Abbott, and Munki Lee. "Process Design for the Automation of Online-Consolidation Composite Fiber Placement." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dfm-34179.

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The paper discusses three design aspects for the automation of online-consolidation composite fiber placement. This work includes a thermal study for the design of the end-effector heat source. A 6-dof robot articulates the end-effector for the appropriate tow placement. A new method is introduced to place the task in the workspace and to define dimensional characteristics for the products. A compliance model is then developed to insure the most accurate path planning in the absence of external position feedback means.
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Wilson, Lee, Ferdinand Velez, Jason Lim, and Leah Boyd. "Incorporating Digital Solutions to Foster Greater Remote Engagement with Personnel." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30976-ms.

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Abstract Like most business sectors, the oil and gas industry had to adapt to virtual meetings and working from home in the new reality of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This has introduced new complications to completing activities that traditionally require personnel to be on site and collaborate in teams. This paper reviews digital initiatives that allow workers to collaborate virtually on EHS (Environmental, Health, & Safety)-driven practices such as safety audits and engage remotely for improved morale. Specifically, the paper reviews the recent implementation of digital connectivity solutions for remote workers to join virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talks’ in processing facilities and offshore platforms. It also reviews programs to promote connectivity between workers, including virtual town halls and online coffee-hours conversations. While these digitally enabled remote engagement initiatives are still relatively new, they have quickly provided benefits to the safe operation of offshore assets and the morale and mental wellbeing of the workforce. The first virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talk,’ which was conducted in Indonesia, brought together a cross-functional team that was split between a few in-person attendees and a majority of people joining virtually from remote locations. While the digital connection was not seamless, this first-of-its-kind virtual meeting proved the concept. The process improves EHS metrics by minimizing travel of teams to and from the site. It also keeps more people out of potentially hazardous work environments and minimizes exposure to coronavirus or other health hazards. Other digital connectivity measures such as virtual town halls and worker-submitted videos have increased engagement between management, workers, and teams located around the globe. A virtual ‘Coffee Roulette’ program, in which workers spin a virtual wheel that connects them with other employees for informal chats, has allowed people to make new connections and feel less isolated.
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Banerjee, Subharthi, Michael Hempel, and Hamid Sharif. "A Survey of Railyard Worker Protection Approaches and System Design Considerations." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2246.

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Railroad environments are generally considered to be among the most dynamic workplace environments, even with constant improvement efforts by the railroad industry. While there has been great progress in equipment safety, personnel safety is a significantly harder challenge. These challenges are primarily derived from the presence of heavy moving machinery in close proximity to personnel and the difficulty of designing reliable wearable protection devices. Additionally, variable weather conditions, challenging walking conditions (ballast, trip hazards, etc.), and difficulty to focus on environment, moving objects, and on tasks at hand place the employees in constant peril. Therefore, our survey is focused on exploring solutions for protecting employees through unified system modeling and design that makes the employee integral to the process and results in personal protective devices that work with the environment and the employee, not against them. The optimal system design integrates not only protection of the employees from falls, unsafe practices, or collisions, but also aids in resource planning, safe operation and accounting of “near-miss” situations. In recent years the railroads have made significant investments in process automation and monitoring solutions such as Wireless Sensor Networks. These technologies are becoming increasingly cloud-connected and autonomous. They provide a plethora of information about equipment positions, movement, railcar lading, and many other factors, all of which are highly useful in the design and implementation of a railyard worker protection system. They allow us to predict position and movement, and can thus be used to provide effective proximity detection and alerting in some railyard regions where these systems are installed. Additionally, we discuss several technologies addressing near-collision, fall, and proximity situations through RF and non-RF-based techniques. The railroad industry has been advancing efforts leveraging these technologies to improve the safety of their workers. However, there are also many challenges that remain largely unaddressed. For example, in railroads, a detailed and exhaustive causation analysis for worker incidents has yet to be conducted. Therefore, in an environment like a railyard there is no solution to detect or prevent Employee on Duty (EOD) fall, collision, or health issues such as dehydration, psychological issues and high blood pressure. Protective devices worn by workers is believed to be one of the most important, cost-effective, and scalable potential candidate solutions. Recent advances are making wearable wireless body area networks (WBAN) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are distributed and large-scale a reality. Such distributed networks consist of wearable sensors, fixed-installation sensors and communication links between all of them. The challenges are found in selecting wearable sensors, researching reliable communication among nodes without interfering with proximity detection and suitable for high-multipath, non-line of sight channel conditions, wearable antenna designs, power supply requirements, etc. A dense, distributed, large-scale environment like a railyard requires comprehensive workspace modelling and safety analysis. Interference related to RF sensor deployment, blind spots in vision-based approaches, and wireless propagation in intra and inter-WBAN communication due to dense non-Line-of-Sight workspace environments, metallic heavy machinery and the use of RF sensors, are all individual research challenges in this domain. This paper reviews these challenges, explores potential solutions, and thus provides a comprehensive survey of a holistic system design approach for a wearable railyard worker protection system that is unobtrusive, effective, and reliable.
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Antaki, George A., Thomas M. Monahon, and Ralph W. Cansler. "Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) of Steam Systems." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71678.

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This paper describes the implementation of a risk-based inspection program for process and utility steam lines in a large chemical process facility. The paper addresses the development of an RBI matrix, the likelihood attributes, the consequence scores, and the overall risk in terms of personnel safety and costs. The likelihood of failure considers prior experience, degradation mechanisms, novelty of process, abnormal loads and age. The consequence of failure considers public health and safety, worker health and safety, environmental impact, operations impact, and recovery costs. Once assigned a likelihood and consequence score, systems are plotted on the RBI matrix to develop inspection priorities. The RBI ranking determines which systems will be inspected (high risk) and those that need not be inspected (low risk). The risk ranking is followed by inspection planning which includes selection of the inspection technique and inspection locations, together with the development of pre-inspection acceptance criteria.
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McCready-Shea, S., F. E. Taylor, and J. Batt. "Experiences of Dealing With Environmental Statements for Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Projects Under the EIA Directive." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4713.

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European Council Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Council Directive 97/11/EC, sets out a framework for the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment. It is known as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive. The Directive is implemented in Great Britain (GB) for the dismantling or decommissioning of nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactor by the Nuclear Reactors (Environmental Impact Assessment for Decommissioning) Regulations 1999 (EIADR99). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the competent authority for EIADR99 in GB, and has carried out public consultations on environmental statements that accompanied applications for consent to carry out decommissioning projects at two nuclear power stations in GB. HSE understands that these applications for consent are some of the first under the revised EIA Directive. HSE has developed a strategy for managing applications for consents under EIADR99. This strategy covers two main areas. The first area is public involvement, including identifying a large number of organisations in addition to the consultation bodies identified in the Regulations, providing information through the internet, and making responses to the consultation process publicly available. The second area is interfaces with legislation and Government policy, including town and country planning legislation, related health, safety and environment legislation, and decommissioning timetables. Experiences of implementing the strategy to deal with the environmental statements are described.
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Labor, Bea, and Staffan Lindskog. "On Evaluation of Assessments of Accruals of Future Dismantling Costs." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96100.

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A major prerequisite in order for civilian commercial nuclear energy production to qualify as sustainable energy production is that systems for the management of the nuclear waste legacy are in operation. These waste types are present in a range from very low short lived waste (VLLW) to long lived high level waste (HLW) (including the used nuclear fuel). The second prerequisite is that financial responsibilities or other constraints must not be passed on to coming generations. The first condition for qualification corresponds to the Polluters Pays Principle (PPP) which demands that the responsibility for the waste management rests solely with the polluter. The second qualification corresponds to the principle of fairness between generations and thus concerns the appropriate distribution of responsibilities between the generations. It is important to note that these two conditions must be met simultaneously, and that compliance with both is a necessary prerequisite in order for commercial use of nuclear power to qualify as a semi-sustainable energy source. Financial and technical planning for dismantling and decommissioning of nuclear installations cannot be regarded as successful unless it rests upon a distinctive way to describe and explain the well-founded values of different groups of stakeholders. This cumbersome task can be underpinned by transparent and easy to grasp models for calculation and estimation of future environmental liabilities. It essential that a systematic classification is done of all types of costs and that an effort is done to evaluate the precision level in the cost estimates. In this paper, a systematic and transparent way to develop a parametric approach that rest upon basic accounting standards is combined with data about younger stakeholder’s values towards decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear installation. The former entity rests upon theoretical and practical methods from business administration, whilst the latter is based on current survey data retrieved from 667 personal interviews in one town in Poland and one town in Slovakia with a near 100 % response rate. The main conclusions from this field study may be summarised as follows: • Sustainable energy sources are prioritised. • Around one quarter of the respondents regards nuclear power as a future semi-sustainable commercial energy production mode subject to that the waste is managed in a sustainable, environmental friendly and safe way. • The values are to a significant degree positioned on health, safety and environmental (HSE) attributes. • The polluter pays principle is honoured. • There are doubts regarding the compliance with these principles due to risks for delays in the implementation phase of repositories for disposal of the nuclear residues. • 1/5th of the respondents expressed an openness to reprocessing (which is linked to the concept of “new nuclear power”).
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Reports on the topic "Town planning health worker"

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A client-centered approach to reproductive health: A trainer's manual. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1015.

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This training manual grew out of a project to improve the quality of care rendered by public-sector providers of reproductive health services. Implemented by the Population Council in collaboration with the Ministries of Population, Welfare, and Health, in Pakistan, the project extended beyond improving the quality of care provided by family planning workers and incorporated health workers who provided maternal and child health services. The success of all efforts made by the service delivery system in attracting and keeping clients depends upon the content and quality of interaction when the client comes in contact with the provider—whether the client is visiting a clinic or being visited by a community-based worker at home. To offer good quality of care, the provider should treat the client with dignity and respect, assess her reproductive health needs by asking questions rather than making assumptions based on her profile, and help her negotiate a solution appropriate to her circumstances. This training manual is oriented toward improving providers’ interpersonal skills. Emphasis is placed on the client and helping her meet her own needs rather than on meeting artificial goals or targets.
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