Journal articles: 'Town planning health worker'

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Brieger, William R., Frederick O. Oshiname, and Ganiyu A. Oke. "The Role of Community Health Workers in the Management of Essential Drugs." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4qm8-9e40-tjvq-y42m.

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The ability to provide essential drugs not only fulfills part of the primary health care (PHC) duties of the community health worker (CHW), but also helps legitimize the role of the CHW in the community. Essential drugs are often routed through relatively inefficient government structures before reaching the CHW, thus creating problems of regular supplies and timely distribution. Few examples are said to exist where CHWs take charge of essential drug programs to the fullest: planning, purchasing, and maintaining their own stocks. An association of CHWs in Were Nigeria has been doing just that since 1986–87. Self-assessment of this scheme was stimulated by several factors including rising wholesale prices and subsequent community member reluctance to pay for medicines. In addition, the local government had begun its own CHW training in line with national PHC guidelines and priorities. It became possible to examine the two systems side by side. The main variable used to determine system functioning was whether CHWs had replenished their village drug box stocks in the previous year. Among five factors tested, group (Were CHW association member or local government trainee) sex, age, residence (town or hamlet), and perceived willingness to pay by villagers, only group was shown to be significantly associated with stock replenishment purchases. Most (63%) of the independent Idere group had replenished their stocks compared to 35 percent of local government CHWs. Cultural factors such as elders' predisposition to provide free service to those in need were also identified. The Idere association used this information to suggest ways of improving supervision, support, and purchasing so as to strengthen their service to the community.

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Agbawodikeizu, Uju Patricia, Uju Patricia Agbawodikeizu, Prince Chiemeka Agwu, Uzoma Okoye, Uzoma Okoye, Ijeoma Igwe, and Ijeoma Igwe. "Controversies in preparing for end-of-life in Nsukka town of Nigeria and suggestions for Nigerian based social work practice." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 20, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i2.1140.

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Death is regarded as a natural phenomenon of life, but its consequences for the bereaved are often times very bitter. One way to circumvent this bitter experience is through making plans before dying. However, not everyone seems to appreciate this, which has generated lots of controversies. Thus, end-of-life planning attitude among adult residents in one of Nigeria’s Igbo area was examined using cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 587 adults and also analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools. Age, level of education, marital status and sex were shown to have statistically significant relationships with attitude toward end-of-life planning, while cultural beliefs were discovered to also exercise overbearing influence. The study further discovered some cultural practices that deter people from planning for end-of-life and therefore advocates for social protection and reorientation which should principally involve social workers. Suggestions were made for introduction of end-of-life planning education in the curriculum of institutions of secondary and tertiary learning in Nigeria, as a measure to help reform attitudes of persons toward preparing for end-of-life in future.

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Wilson, Don AB, Alan J. Flisher, and Mark Welman. "Psychiatric emergency service users at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town." South African Journal of Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i3.108.

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Objective. To document and compare the characteristics of patients assessed at a psychiatric emergency service (PES) during April and May of 1988 and 1998.Design. Two cross-sectional surveys.Setting. Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town.Subjects. Patients assessed at the PES, GSH.Outcome measures. These were occupational status, referral source, distance travelled to get to the hospital, and diagnosis.Results. Nine hundred and twenty-five patients made 1 081 visits to the unit during a 2-month period in 1988, while during a similar period in 1998, 364 patients made 477 visits. In the latter period the patients were significantly more likely to be skilled workers or students/scholars, to be referred from within GSH or other health facilities, to have travelled less than 10 km to get to the hospital, and to be suffering from a mood disorder or suicidality (and less likely to be suffering from a substance use disorder).Conclusions. The differences between the two time periods indicate that changes in policy during the period 1988 - 1998 may have impacted on the patient profile at the PES at GSH. It is important to document such changes with a view to informing service planning for both tertiary referral centres and other levels of care.

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Shatz, Julia R. "A POLITICS OF CARE: LOCAL NURSES IN MANDATE PALESTINE." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 4 (November 2018): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000892.

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AbstractThis article examines the work experiences of Palestinian Arab nurses to illuminate the operation of the colonial public health regime in Mandate Palestine. Analyzing nurses’ work in the clinics of town and village communities and their relationships with the colonial government's Department of Health, it argues that these nurses were social and political interlocutors in the system of public health, which depended upon their intimate relationships with local communities. By pulling these women out of the archives, this article complicates received wisdom among scholars about development, expertise, and the chronology of welfare. Telling the stories of these women also provides a ground-level view of the operation of daily governance in Mandate Palestine and the lived social, political, and economic realities of an often-overlooked cadre of Palestinian workers from that period.

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Mohamed Ali, Omar Yousof. "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN SHENDI TOWN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2788.

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Diarrheal diseases are a collection of diseases caused by multiple viral, bacterial, and parasitic organisms that share common symptoms, and it’s defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stool per day. This Descriptive community based cross sectional study was conducted in Shendi Town during the year2015To study Knowledge and Attitude towards diarrheal disease in children under five years. A system of simple random sampling allocation was followed to select the sample for coverage of diarrhea disease in Shendi town. The data was collected through instructed questionnaire according to SNAP standard Questionnaire which contains 20 closed ended questions with simple language that was been easily to understood by the respondents . The collected data was analyzed by entering it into computer and analyzed using both Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program (spss). The results then presented in tables and figures, and then subjected to additional statistical analyses T test to find associations and statistical significance by finding P value. The most important conclusions revealed from the study is, Most of mothers (55%) seek medical treatment when their children got diarrhea. The most important recommendations emerged from this study, Government and Shendi local authorities must educate mothers on diarrheal disease prevention and rehydration, Sufficient programs and facilities should be made available for family planning, Give oriented task health education to health workers.

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Hindhede, Anette Lykke, and Jens Aagaard-Hansen. "Using Social Network Analysis as a Method to Assess and Strengthen Participation in Health Promotion Programs in Vulnerable Areas." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916686029.

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This article provides an example of the application of social network analysis method to assess community participation thereby strengthening planning and implementation of health promotion programming. Community health promotion often takes the form of services that reach out to or are located within communities. The concept of community reflects the idea that people’s behavior and well-being are influenced by interaction with others, and here, health promotion requires participation and local leadership to facilitate transmission and uptake of interventions for the overall community to achieve social change. However, considerable uncertainty exists over exact levels of participation in these interventions. The article draws on a mixed methods research within a community development project in a vulnerable neighborhood of a town in Denmark. It presents a detailed analysis of the way in which social network analysis can be used as a tool to display participation and nonparticipation in community development and health promotion activities, to help identify capacities and assets, mobilize resources, and finally to evaluate the achievements. The article concludes that identification of interpersonal ties among people who know one another well as well as more tenuous relationships in networks can be used by community development workers to foster greater cohesion and cooperation within an area.

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Mumbi, Anne Wambui, and Tsunemi Watanabe. "Differences in Risk Perception of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors between Lay People and Factory Workers for Water Management in River Sosiani, Eldoret Municipality Kenya." Water 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082248.

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This study evaluates the differences between risk predictors and risk perception regarding water pollution. Specifically, it focuses on the differences in risk perception between factory workers and lay people situated in textile industries near the River Sosiani in Eldoret, Kenya. The lay people are divided into two groups. The respondents living downstream are situated mostly in town centers and at the mid/lower parts of the river, and the respondents living upstream are mainly found at the upper parts of the River Sosiani. Data were obtained from 246 participants using questionnaires. Several factors influencing risk perception were selected to evaluate the degree of perceived risk amongst the groups. Descriptive statistics, mean score and correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the data. The one-way ANOVA results showed statistically different levels of risk perceptions amongst the groups. The partial and bivariate correlation analyses revealed the differences in scientific knowledge between respondents upstream and downstream. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that each group used different variables to determine risks in the region. In the factory group, 56.1% of the variance in risk perception is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, trust in the government’s capacity to manage water pollution and the impact of water pollution on human health. About 65.9% of the variance in risk perception of the downstream inhabitants is significantly predicted by sensorial factors, the possibility of industries generating water pollution, and previous experience with water pollution. For the respondents located upstream, age, sensorial factors, trust in the government and the possibility of being impacted by water pollution factors significantly predicted 37.05% of the variance in risk perception. These findings indicate that enhanced public participation in water governance amongst the residents of Eldoret town is needed, along with an understanding of the different characteristics of the respondents in the region during risk communication. This will boost awareness in the region and promote the adoption of better practices to minimise the adverse effects of water pollution faced by the region.

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Lee, Alison Elizabeth. "“Illegality,“ health problems, and return migration: Cases from a migrant sending community in Puebla, Mexico “Ilegalidad“, problemas de salud, y migración de retorno: los casos de una comunidad migrante de origen en Puebla, México «Illégalité», problèmes de santé et migration de retour: Le cas d'une communauté d'envoi des migrants située à Puebla, Mexique." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 62–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030104.

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This article examines several cases of undocumented workers who returned to their hometown in Mexico because of unresolved health problems they suffered in the US. Their “illegal“ status complicated the prospect of a full recovery and, therefore, played an important role in their decision to return to Mexico. Access to medical services, the preference to remain invisible to the state, demanding and dangerous working conditions, lack of worker benefits, low pay and separation from family members were important factors contributing to their health problems. Interviews with migrants highlight the contradictions between full integration into the exploitative economic system and exclusion from health care. Data was collected from 2003 to 2005 and from 2011 to 2012 using ethnographic methods and in-depth interviews in a rural town in Mexico and New York City, the principal destination of the migrants from the town.Spanish Este artículo examina varios casos de trabajadores indocumentados quienes retornaron a su pueblo natal en México, debido a problemas de salud no resueltos que sufrieron en los Estados Unidos. Su estatus "ilegal" complicó las perspectivas de una completa recuperación y, por lo tanto, jugó un papel importante en su decisión de regresar a México. El acceso a los servicios médicos, la preferencia de permanecer invisibles para el Estado, las exigentes y peligrosas condiciones de trabajo, la falta de beneficios laborales, los bajos salarios y la separación de los miembros de la familia, fueron factores importantes que contribuyeron a sus problemas de salud. Las entrevistas con los migrantes destacan las contradicciones entre la plena integración en el sistema de explotación económica y la exclusión de la atención sanitaria. Se recogieron datos de 2003 a 2005 y desde 2011 hasta 2012 usando métodos etnográficos y entrevistas en profundidad en un pueblo rural en México y en la ciudad de Nueva York, el principal destino de los migrantes. French Cet article examine le cas de plusieurs travailleurs sans papiers forcés de retourner dans leur village natal au Mexique en raison des problèmes de santé subis et qu'ils n'ont pas pu résoudre aux États-Unis. Leur statut «illégal» a compliqué la perspective d'un rétablissement complet et a par conséquent joué un rôle important dans leur décision de retourner au Mexique. Le non accès aux services médicaux, le souci constant de rester invisible face aux autorités locales, les conditions de travail exigeantes et dangereuses, l'impossibilité d'avoir accès aux avantages sociaux traditionnellement réservés aux travailleurs, les salaires bas, ainsi que la séparation d'avec les membres de leur famille sont autant de facteurs qui contribuent à leurs problèmes de santé ou à l'aggravation de ceux-ci. Les entretiens menés avec les migrants, me ent en évidence les contradictions entre l'intégration complète dans le système d'exploitation économique et de l'exclusion aux soins de santé. Les données présentées dans ce e analyse, ont été recueillies de 2003 à 2005 et de 2011 à 2012 en utilisant des méthodes ethnographiques et des entrevues en profondeur dans un village rural au Mexique et à New York, principale destination des migrants en provenance de ce e zone.

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DeStefanis, B., and A. G. Lucia. "Italian Aid in Qorioley Refugee Camps, Somalia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065912.

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AbstractItalian physicians who, from Oct. 1979 to April 1981 directed an emergency medical team in the Ogaden refugee camps of the Qorioley district of Somalia, report on location, general set-up, vital statistics, health aspects, water and food supply, sanitation, disposal of waste matter, health hazards, spread and control of diseases, health education, and planning of health services and health teams.Invited by the Caritas of Somalia and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Mogadishu, Somalia, from October 15, 1979 to December 31, 1980, two Italian medical teams of the Associazione Universitaria per la Cooperazione Internazionale (AUCI) worked among the Ogaden Refugees in 3 camps of the Qorioley District, lower Shabelli Region of Somalia. Each team consisted of one physician and 2 registered nurses. The Qorioley district, about 140 km SW of Mogadishu, has high day-time temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. The day to night temperature gradients are high. Strong winds are blowing to and from the Indian Ocean.The 3 camps had been set up in the bush, on the right bank of the Shabelli river, about 8 km NW of Qorioley Town. The refugees in these camps were of Somali extraction and of Muslin culture and religion. They were housed in large military tents, aqal (round roofed skin covered hut of nomads), “mundul” (circular grass-thatched hut built around a central pole) and “arysh” (rectangular hut, corrugated iron tile roofs), aggregated at a very high density. More than 5000 people lived on one hectar. It was so crowded lhat there was no more space than 1.5 m2 of shelter per person. They lacked all hygienic services.Each camp had a food storage hut (mud walled with corrugated iron roof) and 2-3 water collection ponds, fed from the river. At the time of our arrival, two “arysh” with a total of 20 beds were in use for non-ambulatory patients. Scattered in the camps there were 6 “medical posts.”

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Svensson, Bengt. "Life as a drug user." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 14, no. 4 (August 1997): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259701400407.

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This article is based on a field study I made in trying to understand the everyday life of drug users. I tried to answer the question why drugs stay in addicts’ lives. Is it because of the power of the drug? Or has life on the drug scene any advantages compared to the available life in ordinary society? The material, which was collected through ethnographic fieldwork in the milieus where the drug users spend their time, is based primarily on observations, conversations, and in-depth interviews. In this article I focus on a group of seven key informants, five men and two women, whom I met during the field-work. In between 1989 and 1995 I met these and other informants more than five hundred times. I introduce a metaphor by which I look at the addict's relation to the drug as a love affair. The relationship begins with a phase of falling in love, which leads to a decision either to live separately or to live together. In the latter case, the relationship is established as a marital relation, characterized by security, habits and routines, moments when passionate love flares up again, periods of doubt, and possibly a decision to break up. This break-up can lead to divorce from the drug, but the relationship can also be resumed after a period of separation. When I began my study after having worked for many years as a social worker, one of my basic assumptions was that there was a solidarity among drug addicts and that it was one of the main attractions of a life on drugs. I have since arrived at the conclusion that there is extensive sociality, but without solidarity. There is outward solidarity, vis-à-vis outsiders, authorities of various kinds. The primary expression of this outward solidarity is the principle of not to “snitch”. There is no inward solidarity, however. People let others down, trick their friends, steal from each other, expose others to risk, ignore pleas for help, and so on. The lack of solidarity is due to the fact that the addicts all do business with each other. The most important ways of making a living are based on deals: selling drugs to other addicts, doing break-ins together and sharing the loot, receiving goods from others and offering to sell them, exchanging goods for drugs, treating someone to a fix and expecting a fix in return, charging people who use their flat as a crash-pad, arranging contacts with pushers, selling on a commission basis for a pusher. Relations between the actors in the drugs world are generally permeated with economic relations. The lack of real solidarity is perhaps the main reason why addicts want to leave drugs behind. Only one of the key informants never talked about kicking the habit. Quite a few of them have tried to break out of their addiction. These attempts to break out - or to break into normal society - have demonstrated some of the difficulties facing an addict who wants to get established in ordinary life. As competent drug addicts, with a large network of contacts and a short planning perspective, they come to a world where this competence has no value, where it is essential to be able to plan one's economy, and where they know very few people who do not take drugs. They move to a new world, but the old world of drugs is always alongside it. Even if they move to a new town, they can recognize people of “their own kind” around them. Although staying in the addicts’ world means misery, betrayal, and even death, it has other features: the sociality, eventfulness, the short perspectives, the everything-will-work-out-fine attitude, the sense of competence, having something to do (in the form of criminal ways of making a living), and the artificial pleasure of the drugs. This can be contrasted with the alternatives offered to them by ordinary life: solitude, unemployment, poverty, idleness, the sense of being superfluous. Despite the difficulties, many of the informants make constant attempts to break into ordinary life. I see this as an expression of their having the same basic goals in life as people in general: that they want to live a normal life and be respected by normal people. The result of their efforts depends to a large extent on how they can fill the emptiness they meet when they quit drugs and a lifestyle completely connected with drugs.

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Hobday, Richard. "Hippocrates, town planning and the sun." Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 128, no. 1 (January 2008): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466424007085220.

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Morrison, Nicola. "Reinterpreting the key worker problem within a university town: the case of Cambridge, England." Town Planning Review 84, no. 6 (January 2013): 721–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2013.28.

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KROGH, LENE. "Trends in town planning in the 1980s: equity and healthy planning." Health Promotion International 4, no. 2 (1989): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/4.2.97.

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Bernardes-Souza, Breno, Saulo Ricardo Costa Júnior, Carolina Ali Santos, Raimundo Marques Do Nascimento Neto, Fernando De Carvalho Bottega, Daiana Carolina Godoy, Bruno Lourençoni Freitas, et al. "Logistics Workers Are a Key Factor for SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Brazilian Small Towns: Case-Control Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e30406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30406.

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Background Data on how SARS-CoV-2 enters and spreads in a population are essential for guiding public policies. Objective This study seeks to understand the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in small Brazilian towns during the early phase of the epidemic and to identify core groups that can serve as the initial source of infection as well as factors associated with a higher risk of COVID-19. Methods Two population-based seroprevalence studies, one household survey, and a case-control study were conducted in two small towns in southeastern Brazil between May and June 2020. In the population-based studies, 400 people were evaluated in each town; there were 40 homes in the household survey, and 95 cases and 393 controls in the case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 serology testing was performed on participants, and a questionnaire was applied. Prevalence, household secondary infection rate, and factors associated with infection were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. Logistics worker was defined as an individual with an occupation focused on the transportation of people or goods and whose job involves traveling outside the town of residence at least once a week. Results Higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the town with a greater proportion of logistics workers. The secondary household infection rate was 49.1% (55/112), and it was observed that in most households (28/40, 70%) the index case was a logistics worker. The case-control study revealed that being a logistics worker (OR 18.0, 95% CI 8.4-38.7) or living with one (OR 6.9, 95% CI 3.3-14.5) increases the risk of infection. In addition, having close contact with a confirmed case (OR 13.4, 95% CI 6.6-27.3) and living with more than four people (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-7.1) were also risk factors. Conclusions Our study shows a strong association between logistics workers and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the key role of these workers in the viral spread in small towns. These findings indicate the need to focus on this population to determine COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, including vaccination and sentinel genomic surveillance.

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Hebbert, Michael. "A city in good shape: town planning and public health." Town Planning Review 70, no. 4 (October 1999): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.70.4.n06575ru36054542.

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Bjørnstad, Thor Christian, and Kari Steen-Johnsen. "Beyond Planning: The Implementation of a Worksite Health Promotional Scheme." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v2i2.2357.

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The aim of this article is to provide insight into how the presence of diverging organizational logics influences the outcome of worksite health promotion projects. The study is based on a one-year qualitative single-case study of the implementation of a health promotional physical exercise program in a transnational transport and logistics company based in Norway. While the program that was implemented was based on dominant logics in Norway, i.e., the emphasis on worker participation and influence, the organizational logics of the transport company defined company–worker relationships in other terms. We found that the logic of a highly specialized work organization that combined strict work distribution with a set of narrowly defined work tasks contradicted the logic that underpinned the health promotional program, and that this contradiction is an important reason why the initiative failed. We therefore conclude that in implementing health promotion projects at the workplace, there is a need to observe the relationship between logics related both to the project and to the organization.

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Chhina, Rajoo S., Rajdeep S. Chhina, Ananat Sidhu, and Amit Bansal. "Health Manpower Planning." AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10055-0013.

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ABSTRACT Manpower is the most crucial resource toward delivery of health planning. Health manpower refers to people who are trained to promote health, to prevent and to cure diseases, and to rehabilitate the sick. The aim of manpower planning is to make available the right kind of personnel in the right number with appropriate skills at the right place at the right time doing the right job. Various types of health resources are doctors, nurses, pharmacists, lab technicians, radiographer health assistants, health workers, auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM), accredited social health activists (ASHAs), anganwadi workers, trained dais, and so on. Currently, developing countries including India lag behind suggested norms of required health manpower. Presently, India produces 30,000 doctors, 18,000 specialists, 30,000 Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) graduates, 54,000 nurses, 15,000 ANMs, and 36,000 pharmacists annually. This production is not equal across the states, leading to unequal distribution of doctors. Such a skewed distribution results in large gaps in demand and availability. Various reasons for this are skewed production of health manpower, uneven human resource deployment and distribution, disconnected education and training, lack of job satisfaction, professional isolation, and lack of rural experience. The 12th Plan should aim to expand facilities for medical, nursing, and paramedical education; create new skilled health worker categories; enable AYUSH graduates to provide essential health care by upgrading their skills in modern medicine through bridge courses; establish a management system for human resource in health to actualize improved methods for recruitment, retention, and performance; put in place incentive-based structures; create career tracks for professional advancement based on competence; and, finally, build an independent and professional regulatory environment. How to cite this article Chhina RS, Chhina RS, Sidhu A, Bansal A. Health Manpower Planning. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):53-57.

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Possamai, Mario. "SARS and Health Worker Safety: Lessons for Influenza Pandemic Planning and Response." HealthcarePapers 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2007): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpap.2007.19354.

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Lacey, Debra. "Nursing Home Social Worker Skills and End-of-Life Planning." Social Work in Health Care 40, no. 4 (June 21, 2005): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v40n04_02.

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Wolf, Kathleen L., and Elizabeth Housley. "Young adult conservation jobs and worker health." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60, no. 10 (December 16, 2016): 1853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1262833.

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Walker, Rae, Vivian Blacker, Linda Pandita, Jacky Close, Wendy Mason, and Julie Watson. "Learning from the implementation of inter-organisational web-based care planning and coordination." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 4 (2013): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13023.

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In Victoria, despite strong policy support, e-care planning and coordination is poorly developed. The action research project discussed here was developed to overcome organisational and worker-level barriers to change. The project outcomes highlighted the need for work on the building blocks of e-care coordination that enhance workers’ knowledge and skills, and provide permission and support for appropriate collaborative system and services coordination practices.

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Soeker, Mogammad Shaheed, Saabirah Hare, Saadia Mall, and Jean van der Berg. "The value of occupational therapy intervention for the worker roles of forensic mental healthcare users in Cape Town, South Africa." Work 68, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203381.

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BACKGROUND: There is a void in research that focuses on how OT programs facilitate self-esteem in forensic mental healthcare users’ return-to-work in the open labor market, particularly in South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences and perceptions of forensic mental healthcare users, transitioning from an OT program to the open labor market. METHODS: Five individuals, diagnosed with Schizophrenia, and two key informants participated in this study that was positioned in a qualitative paradigm, with an exploratory and descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. RESULTS: Theme one reflects on the challenges experienced by forensic mental healthcare users, when returning to work. Theme two describes various OT programs, as well as how they facilitate the reintegration of forensic mental healthcare users into the worker role. Theme three describes the positive support for forensic mental healthcare users, in the mental healthcare setting, workplace, and the greater community. Theme four describes how participation in occupation installs hope in forensic mental healthcare users, reinforcing the value of work, while positively influencing their work identity. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that stigma, residual symptoms, relapse due to substance abuse/mental health, and the lack of family support, were not be conducive to work skills development. However, the support of family and friends, workplace occupational therapy support, assembly line work, and therapeutic groups in an OT program, ensured positive workplace reintegration.

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Lush, Louisiana, George P. Cernada, A. K. Ubaidur Rob, Mohammed Shafiq Arif, and Minhaj Ul Haque. "Operations Research on the Female Village-Based Family Planning Worker Program of Pakistan." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 26, no. 2 (July 2006): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gw33-r03w-8188-7w51.

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Lush, Louisiana, George P. Cernada, A. K. Ubaidur Rob, Mohammed Shafiq Arif, Minhaj Ul Haque, and Muhammad Shafiq Ahmad. "Operations Research on the Female Village-Based Family Planning Worker Program of Pakistan." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 18, no. 3 (October 1998): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2duq-lyud-chd0-vrwp.

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This article presents the results of a number of operations research studies (OR) of family planning services provided by a new cadre of female village-based family planning workers in Punjab Province, Pakistan. This cadre of workers, recruited nationwide, have been trained to visit women in their villages to provide information and family planning services. The studies were conducted as part of a broad program of technical assistance to the Government of Pakistan. Surveys investigated the quality of their training as well as attitudes among clients to the new program. They found that the program is developing well but there is room for improvement, particularly in counseling and training. Additional field studies are ongoing and recommendations for change have been incorporated in training and supervision. The program is expanding on a national scale.

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Ruwanpura, Kanchana N. "‘Imaginary’ illnesses? Worker occupational health and privatized health care: Sri Lanka’s story." Contemporary South Asia 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2019.1578731.

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DE BROE, SOFIE, ANDREW HINDE, ZOË MATTHEWS, and SABU S. PADMADAS. "DIVERSITY IN FAMILY PLANNING USE AMONG ETHNIC GROUPS IN GUATEMALA." Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 3 (March 16, 2004): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004006650.

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This study investigates the ethnic differentials in contraceptive use in the north-eastern Ch’orti area of Guatemala, a region dominated by the Ladino culture. Data come from a household survey and in-depth interviews with service providers carried out in 2001 in the town of Jocotán, and a survey carried out in 1994 in two nearby indigenous villages (aldeas). Descriptive analysis and logistic regression are used to explore the data. Previous DHS surveys have used dress and language to classify ethnic groups. In this paper, an alternative approach based on self-identification is adopted. The results reveal significant differences in contraceptive behaviour among different ethnic groups within the same town and region. The results show that self-identified Ladino women who represented the minority of the population had contraceptive behaviour similar to their counterparts elsewhere in Latin America. The extremely low levels of contraceptive use among indigenous women from the aldeas suggest that the corresponding DHS figures in this region are probably overestimated.

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Lv, Fei, and Yu Lei Yan. "Health-Oriented Community Slow Greenway’s Planning and Design." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2371.

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Slow greenway as the integration of the natural environment and the living, providing both physiological and psychological health security for urban residents. Although some city-level greenways provide urban public space for residents, it exposed its intimacy is inadequate with residents, walking reach ability is not strong and the use is too concentrated. So that the community slow greenway concept becomes. As the end of the city slow greenway, community slow greenway’s planning and design is significance for the extension and widespread of the urban greenway. Rich the slow greenway’s functions with ecological environmental protection, biodiversity maintenance, entertainment participate, activities support, publicity education and others. Take Chunlei town as an example to explore community slow greenway’s specific planning and design methods, from construction points, feature set, pavement form and public service facilities.

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MacDonald, Jane. "Health Worker Awareness of Cultural Health Attitudes and Practices in Rural Colombia." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 7, no. 3 (October 1986): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bp57-ev0g-dqkc-mb06.

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Health workers' awareness and understanding of clients' attitudes and practices regarding “health” is an important but insufficiently studied factor in planning health promotion programs. A group of thirty-seven rural Colombian campesino (peasant) women were interviewed to determine their health beliefs and practices. Following interviews and observation, the health workers (doctors, nurses, and nursing assistants) who worked with these women and their families, were interviewed regarding their perceptions and awareness of the campesinos' health attitudes and practices. The results show that the women had both western and “popular” (traditional) health practices. The health workers' awareness of their clients' beliefs and practices varied greatly and was influenced by various factors including: professional level, type of illness, local conditions, and experience. In general, however, the health workers were largely unaware of the more subtle health attitudes and practices—those attitudes which may strongly influence health seeking and health maintenance behavior. Concerted efforts must be made to determine the health beliefs and practices of a client or community in order for health promotion programs to be successful.

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Demoratz, Michael. "The Social Worker Case Manager." Professional Case Management 23, no. 4 (2018): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncm.0000000000000301.

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Egwari, L., and O. O. Aboaba. "Environmental impact on the bacteriological quality of domestic water supplies in Lagos, Nigeria." Revista de Saúde Pública 36, no. 4 (August 2002): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102002000400019.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of town planning, infrastructure, sanitation and rainfall on the bacteriological quality of domestic water supplies. METHODS: Water samples obtained from deep and shallow wells, boreholes and public taps were cultured to determine the most probable number of Escherichia coli and total coliform using the multiple tube technique. Presence of enteric pathogens was detected using selective and differential media. Samples were collected during both periods of heavy and low rainfall and from municipalities that are unique with respect to infrastructure planning, town planning and sanitation. RESULTS: Contamination of treated and pipe distributed water was related with distance of the collection point from a utility station. Faults in pipelines increased the rate of contamination (p<0.5) and this occurred mostly in densely populated areas with dilapidated infrastructure. Wastewater from drains was the main source of contamination of pipe-borne water. Shallow wells were more contaminated than deep wells and boreholes and contamination was higher during period of heavy rainfall (p<0.05). E. coli and enteric pathogens were isolated from contaminated supplies. CONCLUSIONS: Poor town planning, dilapidated infrastructure and indiscriminate siting of wells and boreholes contributed to the low bacteriological quality of domestic water supplies. Rainfall accentuated the impact.

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Meyerowitz, Beth E. "Assessing quality of life when planning and evaluating worker notification programs: Two case examples." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700230130.

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Mbokazi, Nonzuzo, Rutendo Madzima, Natalie Leon, Mark N. Lurie, Morna Cornell, Bey-Marrie Schmidt, and Christopher J. Colvin. "Health Worker Experiences of and Perspectives on Engaging Men in HIV Care: A Qualitative Study in Cape Town, South Africa." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822093569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220935691.

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Men generally fare worse than women across the HIV cascade. While we know much about how men perceive the health services, we know little about how health workers (HWs) themselves have experienced engaging with men and what strategies they have used to improve this engagement. We interviewed 12 HWs in public health care services in Cape Town to better understand their experiences and perspectives. Health workers felt there were significant gaps in men’s engagement with HIV care and identified masculine gender norms, the persistent impact of HIV stigma, and the competing priorities of employment as key barriers. They also highlighted a number of health service-related challenges, including a poor perception of the patient–provider relationship, frustration at low service quality, and unrealistic expectations of the health services. Health workers also described several strategies for more effectively engaging men and for making the health services both more male friendly and more people friendly.

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Gillard, S., S. L. Gibson, J. Holley, and M. Lucock. "Developing a change model for peer worker interventions in mental health services: a qualitative research study." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2014): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796014000407.

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Aims.A range of peer worker roles are being introduced into mental health services internationally. There is some evidence that attests to the benefits of peer workers for the people they support but formal trial evidence in inconclusive, in part because the change model underpinning peer support-based interventions is underdeveloped. Complex intervention evaluation guidance suggests that understandings of how an intervention is associated with change in outcomes should be modelled, theoretically and empirically, before the intervention can be robustly evaluated. This paper aims to model the change mechanisms underlying peer worker interventions.Methods.In a qualitative, comparative case study of ten peer worker initiatives in statutory and voluntary sector mental health services in England in-depth interviews were carried out with 71 peer workers, service users, staff and managers, exploring their experiences of peer working. Using a Grounded Theory approach we identified core processes within the peer worker role that were productive of change for service users supported by peer workers.Results.Key change mechanisms were: (i) building trusting relationships based on shared lived experience; (ii) role-modelling individual recovery and living well with mental health problems; (iii) engaging service users with mental health services and the community. Mechanisms could be further explained by theoretical literature on role-modelling and relationship in mental health services. We were able to model process and downstream outcomes potentially associated with peer worker interventions.Conclusions.An empirically and theoretically grounded change model can be articulated that usefully informs the development, evaluation and planning of peer worker interventions.

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Parnell, Susan. "Creating racial privilege: the origins of South African public health and town planning legislation." Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1993): 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079308708370.

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Lewin, Simon, and Nicci Strauss. "Planning urban environmental health information systems: a case study of Cape Town, South Africa." Environment and Urbanization 11, no. 2 (October 1999): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789901100219.

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GUIMARÃES, Pedro Porfírio Coutinho. "THE USE OF INDICATORS IN THE EVALUATION OF RETAIL PLANNING: EVIDENCES FROM ENGLAND." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 1 (January 22, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1182877.

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Retail planning gained importance with the introduction of innovation in that sector, which challenged the vitality and viability of town centres. With this evolution and the arise of Town Centre First in England, the retail planning key documents started to incorporate indicators to help and standardize the monitoring of the health of town centres. This article aims to analyse the process of evaluation and verify the evolution of indicators suggested in the several public documents that constitute retail planning in England since 1993. It was based on the review of the main documents established in England since 1993. The research developed in this paper helps to update some information and is valuable for urban planners, practitioners and academics. In this paper we conclude that indicators are been used but without been framed in an evaluation framework and the variability of suggested indicators may have limited the analysis of the temporal evolution of town centres. In terms of research implications this paper helps to, in part, path the way for future research in this field.

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Lethbridge, Jane. "Combining worker and user interests in the health sector: trade unions and NGOs." Development in Practice 14, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961452032000170802.

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Hameed, Waqas, Junaid-ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Muhammad Ishaque, Sharmeen Hussain, Xaher Gul, Hina Najmi, Shehla Noorani, Ghulam Mustafa, and Asma Balal. "WHAT INFLUENCES FAMILY PLANNING IN RURAL PAKISTAN: FRANCHISED SERVICE PROVIDER AND COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER PERSPECTIVE." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v8i2.88.

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Background: Pakistan has a low modern contraceptive prevalence rate, 26%, leading family planning (FP) programmes to explore partnerships with local private providers to improve access to quality FP services. This study aims to understand the socio-cultural and organizational factors that influence delivery of quality family planning services. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with private service providers and community health workers (CHW) in Marie Stopes Society's (MSS) social franchise network. A total of 31 providers and 28 CHWs from Sindh, Punjab, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. The study used thematic content analysis to understand providers' and health workers' perspectives of family planning service provision. Results: This study found that normative environment, propagation of myths and misconceptions, and health concerns remain major barriers to service provision in rural communities. Findings showed that CHWs were instrumental in increasing awareness and positive attitudes towards family planning in the catchment areas. Moreover, social franchising was effective in increasing access to high-quality, subsidised family planning services amongst economically marginalised and low-awareness communities. Providers and health workers expressed satisfaction with the franchising approach, and revealed that being part of this network substantially increased their client volume and ability to serve poorer segments of the population. Conclusion: The study found that franchising private service providers in rural areas enhances their ability to serve clients, and when coupled with demand-generation elements, such as vouchers and community health workers, it substantially increases their client volume. Albeit effective, the franchising approach currently lacks the element of long-term service provision at the current scale, and may require further strategizing by the franchisor. Moreover, alternate strategies should be explored to ensure continued provision of FP services without vouchers and CHWs.

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SCHÖNLEITNER, GÜNTHER. "Between Liberal and Participatory Democracy: Tensions and Dilemmas of Leftist Politics in Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies 38, no. 1 (February 2006): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x05000283.

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Brazil's left, especially the Workers' Party (PT), largely views civil society participation as a means of correcting the shortcomings of liberal democracy, and to break clientelistic politics. This article questions the underlying assumptions that civil society is inherently a pro-democratic force and that participatory arrangements enjoy sufficient autonomy from local power dynamics to democratise state action. Effective participation requires a positive interplay between government commitment, civic virtues, and supportive institutional design. Participatory democracy presupposes a well-functioning representative democracy rather than curing its ills. The article compares four municipal health councils in towns with varying combinations of government commitment and civicness, which highlights a complex interaction of political, civic, and institutional factors that shaped deliberative participation.

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Wickremasinghe, Deepthi, Yashua Alkali Hamza, Nasir Umar, Barbara Willey, Magdalene Okolo, Ahmed Gana, Abdulrahman Shuaibu, Jennifer Anyanti, Tanya Marchant, and Neil Spicer. "‘A seamless transition’: how to sustain a community health worker scheme within the health system of Gombe state, northeast Nigeria." Health Policy and Planning 36, no. 7 (June 15, 2021): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab063.

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Abstract Health interventions introduced as part of donor-funded projects need careful planning if they are to survive when donor funding ends. In northeast Nigeria, the Gombe State Primary Health Care Development Agency and implementing partners recognized this when introducing a Village Health Worker (VHW) Scheme in 2016. VHWs are a new cadre of community health worker, providing maternal, newborn and child health-related messages, basic healthcare and making referrals to health facilities. This paper presents a qualitative study focussing on the VHW Scheme’s sustainability and, hence, contributes to the body of literature on sustaining donor-funded interventions as well as presenting lessons aimed at decision-makers seeking to introduce similar schemes in other Nigerian states and in other low- and middle-income settings. In 2017 and 2018, we conducted 37 semi-structured interviews and 23 focus group discussions with intervention stakeholders and community members. Based on respondents’ accounts, six key actions emerged as essential in promoting the VHW Scheme’s sustainability: government ownership and transition of responsibilities, adapting the scheme for sustainability, motivating VHWs, institutionalizing the scheme within the health system, managing financial uncertainties and fostering community ownership and acceptance. Our study suggests that for a community health worker intervention to be sustainable, reflection and adaption, government and community ownership and a phased transition of responsibilities are crucial.

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Zykin, Ivan V. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT NETWORK IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE 1930s." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-14.

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The period of "socialist industrialization" of the late 1920s - early 1940s in the Soviet Union was associated with active construction of a settlement network, including in the forest industry. Active development of resources in the northern and eastern regions and in the European part of the country and construction and reconstruction of enterprises gave rise to a large number of working villages, some of which were given the status of town. Extensive operations across forestry areas and crisis in the industry in the last decades of the 20th and early 21st century led to the shrinking of the settlement network, especially in the timber harvesting sector, and the cities and towns for which timber enterprises were or still are a mono-employer have slipped into depression. This calls for turning attention to the experience of locating, planning and building worker villages in the timber industry in the late 1920s and early 1940s. This study of the settlement network revealed that settlements were set up close to timber production sites, worker villages tended to grow into towns, and several attempts were made to construct "socialist cities". Settlements near medium and large timber enterprises and those lying close to transport routes formed the framework of the settlement network of the industry, while the number of timber-logging villages began to decline since the late 1930s.

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Warner-Smith, Penny, and Peter Brown. "‘The town dictates what I do’: the leisure, health and well-being of women in a small Australian country town." Leisure Studies 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614360110112688.

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Nagler, Eve M., Elisabeth A. Stelson, Melissa Karapanos, Lisa Burke, Lorraine M. Wallace, Susan E. Peters, Karina Nielsen, and Glorian Sorensen. "Using Total Worker Health® Implementation Guidelines to Design an Organizational Intervention for Low-Wage Food Service Workers: The Workplace Organizational Health Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 9383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179383.

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Total Worker Health® (TWH) interventions that utilize integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health, and well-being can be challenging to design and implement in practice. This may be especially true for the food service industry, characterized by high levels of injury and turnover. This paper illustrates how we used TWH Implementation Guidelines to develop and implement an organizational intervention to improve pain, injury, and well-being among low-wage food service workers. We used the Guidelines to develop the intervention in two main ways: first, we used the six key characteristics of an integrated approach (leadership commitment; participation; positive working conditions; collaborative strategies; adherence; data-driven change) to create the foundation of the intervention; second, we used the four stages to guide integrated intervention planning. For each stage (engaging collaborators; planning; implementing; evaluating for improvement), the Guidelines provided a flexible and iterative process to plan the intervention to improve safety and ergonomics, work intensity, and job enrichment. This paper provides a real-world example of how the Guidelines can be used to develop a complex TWH intervention for food service workers that is responsive to organizational context and addresses targeted working conditions. Application of the Guidelines is likely transferable to other industries.

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Astasio-Picado, Álvaro, Paula Cobos-Moreno, and Beatriz Gómez-Martín. "Self-Care Planning and Sanitary Education in the Prevention of the Diabetic Foot." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 7281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167281.

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Diabetes Mellitus is the main cause of chronic patients in Spain. An equivocal exploration by the health worker and the client itself leads to the appearance of chronic complications, the most important being diabetic foot. The role of the health worker in the prevention and treatment of this is key. Objectives: This work has the general objective of identifying and providing information to the diabetic client about diabetic foot prevention and care elements to avoid complications. Data sources, study eligibility criteria: The search for the articles was carried out in various scientific databases with the help of a search string, which combined the keywords and Boolean operators. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Thirty-seven papers were selected after a review of 101 articles. Results: The implementation of a health education program, in addition to performing multidisciplinary work, favors the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers and reduces the risk of amputation. Conclusions and implications of key findings: Nurses must have greater responsibility to inspire patients ‘self-efficacy by making health education programs effective.

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Agasti, Narahari, Gurukrushna Mohapatra, Tapas Ranjan Behera, and Smaraki Mohanty. "ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF HEALTH WORKER FEMALE ON DIFFERENT FAMILY PLANNING METHODS IN ORISSA." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, no. 55 (July 10, 2017): 4154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2017/900.

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Hassan, Hazrat, Qianwei Ying, Habib Ahmad, and Sana Ilyas. "Factors that Sustain Health and Safety Management Practices in the Food Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154001.

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Due to the significant change in business organizations, scholarly interest has diverted from studying the determinants of financial performance to understanding the environmental activities, sustainability practices, and health and safety management practices. Despite the extensive literature, it is yet to understand either internal or external factors that improve health and safety management practices in SMEs. This research examines the influence of the internal factors—intellectual capital, information technology capabilities (ITC), and entrepreneurial orientation, and the external capabilities—government financial support, institutional pressure, and managerial networking on six health and safety management practices: management commitment, staff training, worker involvement, safety communication and feedback, safety rules and procedures, and safety promotion policies. We researched 410 Pakistani SMEs from the food business industry. The results indicate that intellectual capital significantly improves management commitment, safety communication and feedback, and safety rules and produces; ITC significantly improves management commitment and safety communication and feedback; and entrepreneurial orientation significantly facilitates safety training and worker involvement only. In the external capabilities, government financial support has a significant influence on management commitment, worker involvement, safety rules and policies, and safety promotion policies. Institutional pressure has a significant influence on management commitment, safety training, safety communication, and feedback and safety promotion policies. Managerial networking significantly influences safety training, worker involvement, safety rules and procedures, and safety promotion policies of SMEs. Focusing only on the food industry is the major limitation of this research, this study recommends SMEs to give sufficient attention to their internal and external factors to enhance health and safety management practices. Further implications are discussed.

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Bolch, Denise, Julie B. Johnston, Lynne C. Giles, Craig Whitehead, Paddy Phillips, and Maria Crotty. "Hospital to home: An integrated approach to discharge planning in a rural South Australian town." Australian Journal of Rural Health 13, no. 2 (April 2005): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1854.2005.00660.x.

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Norman, J. N., and R. M. Laws. "Remote health care for Antarctica: the BAS medical unit." Polar Record 24, no. 151 (October 1988): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400009608.

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AbstractAn occupational health unit has been established by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) which utilises the philosophy and principles employed to provide health care for offshore workers on the UK continental shelf. The central problem is the distance and time which separates the remote worker from the sophisticated diagnostic and specialist services which other sections of the community enjoy. BAS has resolved this by the establishment of a coordinating medical unit and by setting up special training programmes for the population at risk, together with the provision of increasingly effective systems of communication. The ultimate aim is the provision of full diagnostic and specialist services at the remote work-site in the Antarctic through the medium of the resident doctor or health care worker and through increasingly sophisticated communications. A retrospective study of Antarctic morbidity has been undertaken to provide a base-line, and a prospective database has now been set up to provide ongoing surveillance of the system and an evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach to the health care of remote communities.

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Punnett, Laura, Jennifer M. Cavallari, Robert A. Henning, Suzanne Nobrega, Alicia G. Dugan, and Martin G. Cherniack. "Defining ‘Integration’ for Total Worker Health®: A New Proposal." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa003.

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Abstract The effects of work and the conditions of employment on health behaviors and intermediate health conditions have been demonstrated, to the extent that these relationships should be addressed in efforts to prevent chronic disease. However, conventional health promotion practice generally focuses on personal risk factors and individual behavior change. In an effort to find solutions to the myriad of health challenges faced by the American workforce, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established the Total Worker Health® (TWH) program. Originally organized around the paradigm of integrating traditional occupational safety and health protections with workplace health promotion, TWH has evolved to a broader emphasis on workplace programs for enhancing worker safety, health, and well-being. Among the research programs and approaches developed by investigators at NIOSH Centers of Excellence for TWH and elsewhere, definitions of ‘integration’ in workplace interventions vary widely. There is no consensus about which organizational or individual outcomes are the most salient, how much to emphasize organizational contexts of work, or which program elements are necessary in order to qualify as ‘Total Worker Health’. Agreement about the dimensions of integration would facilitate comparison of programs and interventions which are self-defined as TWH, although diverse in content. The specific criteria needed to define integration should be unique to that concept—i.e. distinct from and additive to conventional criteria for predicting or evaluating the success of a workplace health program. We propose a set of four TWH-specific metrics for integrated interventions that address both program content and process: (i) coordination and interaction of workplace programs across domains; (ii) assessment of both work and non-work exposures; (iii) emphasis on interventions to make the workplace more health-promoting; and (iv) participatory engagement of workers in pivotal ways during intervention prioritization and planning to develop self-efficacy in addressing root causes, skill transfer, building program ownership, empowerment, and continuous improvement. Thus we find that integration requires organizational change, both to engage two managerial functions with different goals, legal responsibilities, and (often) internal incentives & resources, and also to orient the organization toward salutogenesis. Examples from research activity within the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace illustrate how these criteria have been applied in practice.

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Duckett, Jane. "State, Collectivism and Worker Privilege: A Study of Urban Health Insurance Reform." China Quarterly 177 (March 2004): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004000098.

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Since 1998, the central government has focused its attention on social security. Among other things, it has created a ministry for social security, pressed for the extension of health and unemployment insurance to larger numbers of the urban working population, and increased spending. Does this mean that the party-state is rebuilding the eroded urban social security system and re-asserting its role in ensuring collective provision? Do recent initiatives repair or damage the interests of urban workers? This article examines these questions through a study of urban health insurance reform. It argues the state has taken over from work units the responsibility for health insurance, that collectivism has been partially preserved through redistributory “risk-pooling” systems, and that the party-state is moving away from its traditional state enterprise-centred working-class base and widening participation to include workers in the private and rural industrial sectors. However, continued prioritization of economic growth means that the party-state's role is limited, while collectivist provision is restricted to the non-agricultural working population. In practice, government officials and workers in successful state enterprises are still the most likely to be insured.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Town planning health worker'

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