Academic literature on the topic 'Town planning structure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Town planning structure"
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Sun, Ming. "Study on Eco-Planning of Coal Town Special Land Based on Extenics." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1108.
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At present, the coal town special land mainly includes subsided, goaf and gangue etc, these lands for ecological restoration and reconstruction is coal town planning research hot spot. The article based on the Extenics method, with the resource exhaustion town theory as a foundation, to coal town special land as empirical research object, through the depth of coal town of space development trends and development orientation, puts forward the gangue land ecological adjustment mode, coal goaf and subsided development countermeasures. Through to the coal town special land ecological adjustment of spatial structure of towns thinking clarify coal optimization idea the feasibility, for cold to coal town of land development to provide certain reference.
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Yang, Yu Nan, and Fei Fei Yu. "Exploration about the Stratagem of Sustainable Development of Small Town Planning in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.126.
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Small town is a basic and important part in Chinese town system. Sustainable development of small town is significant content of the work to modernize economy. Yet due to improper micromanagement, the current construction of small towns in China is in serious disorder. And this is imposing restraints on sustainable social and economic development. This paper arguments the strategic problems about the sustainable development of small town from several aspects such as historical meaning, actuality, arrangement and structure and so on.
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Zhao, Zhi Qing, and Shuang Li. "The Design Framework of Spatial Nodes of Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town - Case Study of National List Culture Town of Hengdaohezi Town." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1395.
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The Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town is famous for the construction and development of the Chinese Eastern Railway, but its recession is caused by the historical factors and the transport transformation. As a consequence, for such culture towns, there is a mix of problematic issues such as construction and development chaos, spatial structure uncertainty and destroyed townscape. This paper selects the spatial nodes as the research objects to explore its significance within the scope of conservation planning of historical culture town. Taking the practice of Hengdaohezi Town Conservation Planning into account, the author analyzes the status quo of this town presenting the principles of spatial nodes design and establishing the construction guiding framework of spatial nodes.
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Veretennikov, Dmitriy Borisovich. "STATE OF TOWN-PLANNING OF CONTINUITY IN RUSSIA." Urban construction and architecture 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2014.01.5.
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The modern state of the concept of continuity in the context of urban development and transformation of a fundamental element of the major historical cities - planning structure of the city. Emphasizes the relevance of understanding the continuity of urban planning as a fundamental property of the planning structure of the city. Raises the issue of the need to develop a common methodology for the study of successive development of the planning structure of the city.
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Bozovic, Ruzica. "Medieval town - fortress of Zvecan." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (2015): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1502137b.
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This paper is concerned with phenomenon of medieval town- fortress of Zvecan through examining (1) the town planning and spatial organization within the town, (2) its physical structure, (3) conception of medieval design and construction of Zvecan, (4) medieval instinct for correlation of shapes within the town and correlation of Zvecan and its surrounding, (5) comparison of Zvecan with medieval towns in the region and beyond. This medieval town as a whole was the expression of medieval characteristics with its spatial organization and with its own individuality. Zvecan emerged from the then contemporary circumstances and necessities. This research is focused toward finding construction principles of medieval town Zvecan which are timeless and unique to all town constructions.
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Ozola, Silvija. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN-SHIELDS’ PLANNING IN BISHOPRICS OF LIVONIA DURING THE 13TH–14TH CENTURIES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 20, 2020): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4875.
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Traditions of the Christianity centres’ formation can be found in Jerusalem’s oldest part where instead of domestic inhabitants’ dwellings the second king of Israel (around 1005 BC–965 BC) David built his residence on a top of the Temple Mount surrounded by deep valleys. His fortress – the City of David protected from the north side by inhabitants’ stone buildings on a slope was an unassailable public and spiritual centre that northwards extended up to the Ophel used for the governance. David’s son, king of Israel (around 970–931 BC) Solomon extended the fortified urban area where Templum Solomonis was built. In Livonia, Bishop Albrecht obtained spacious areas, where he established bishoprics and towns. At foothills, residential building of inhabitants like shields guarded Bishop’s residence. The town-shield was the Dorpat Bishopric’s centre Dorpat and the Ösel–Wiek Bishopric’s centre Haapsalu. The town of Hasenpoth in the Bishopric of Courland (1234–1583) was established at subjugated lands inhabited by the Cours: each of bishopric's urban structures intended to Bishop and the Canonical Chapter was placed separately in their own village. The main subject of research: the town-shields’ planning in Livonia. Research problem: the development of town-shields’ planning at bishoprics in Livonia during the 13th and 14th century have been studied insufficiently. Historians in Latvia often do not take into account studies of urban planning specialists on historical urban planning. Research goal: to determine common and distinctive features of town-shield design in bishoprics of Livonia. Research novelty: town-shield plans of Archbishop’s and their vassals’ residences and capitals in Livonian bishoprics subjected to the Riga Archbishopric are analyzed. Results: study formation of Livonian town-shields’ layout and structure of the 13th and 14th centuries. Main methods: inspection of town-shields in nature, analysis of archive documents, projects, cartographic materials.
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Miranda, Eduardo, Jorge Batista e Silva, and António Ricardo da Costa. "Emergence and Structure of Urban Centralities in a Medium-Sized Historic City." SAGE Open 10, no. 3 (July 2020): 215824402093000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020930002.
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Within the last 20 years, medium-sized cities in Portugal’s interior have been subject to a process of “desertification.” They have progressively lost in terms of economic activity, value and vitality, with the corresponding erosion of their heritage value. One exception to this general trend is the town of Évora. Of particular note is the vitality of its historic center (designated as a World Heritage Site in 1986) and the balance achieved between the center and a number of subcenters outside the walls. Here, urban centralities have proven to be an essential component of the urban structure in the fight against urban failure. This research project analyzes the relationship between town planning and the emergence of urban centralities. Historic towns are a very particular case, with subcenters emerging as a town grows and the historic center co-evolving with the entire urban area and surrounding urban centralities. The rise of centralities testifies to the vitality of the town. This article seeks to understand what factors have led to the balance of urban centralities in Évora by examining their structure and how they have emerged in the context of planning policies and urban growth. The methodology adopted crosses the results of three different approaches to highlight the emergence of urban centralities: identification and assessment of urban centralities, analysis of urban areas based on a space syntax approach, and the study of urban planning and management policies focused on centralities. The results help to characterize urban centralities that coexist with a strong historic center.
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Deng, Chun Feng, and Jing Juan Ji. "The Flexible Spatial Structure Planning of Cities under Uncertainty Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.526.
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Rapid development and under the condition of market economy, urban development is facing more uncertainty. The traditional urban planning can’t meet the need of the urban dynamic development. It is need to construct a flexible and adaptive elastic spatial structure in order to adapt to more possibilities of urban development, such as the elastic of town scale and spatial structure. At the same time, the flexible space structure will pay more attention to the process of city development and the way to realize the setting guide. Taking the spatial structure planning of Wenshi town as an example, the author finally explains how the concept and method of flexible spatial structure planning.
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Guo, Li Juan, Shu Ting Li, and Hong Qing Sun. "The Strategic Research on Green Space System Planning of Small Towns in Cold Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.502.
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Small towns in cold region own special ecological environment. Aiming at their particular climate characteristics, the green space system planning of small towns in cold region was studied. Through analyzing the problems of the green space system planning of small towns in cold region, the study proposes five levels planning strategy, including developing the regional integrated green space system planning of small towns in cold region, building the stable green network structure of town, improving quantity and quality of green space of small towns in cold region, strengthening winter landscape construction of small towns in cold region, and inheriting ice and snow culture of small towns in cold region, in order to promote the sustainable development of green space system planning of small towns in cold region.
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Mityagin, Sergey D. "Technological Optimization of Town-Planning Activity." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-1-67-72.
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The town-planning code of the Russian Federation allows to prepare the documents regulating design and planning activity independently by each subject of the town-planning relations. At the same time violations in the form of mismatch of information contents between separate town-planning documents are possible. These defects of a legal design can be eliminated by special federal instructive-methodological document preparation which is constructed on the basis of optimization of technological model of town-planning design activity which assumes in particular:1) strict execution of functional priorities establishment tasks of the Russian Federation Town-planning code in territories assignment at the Russian Federation territorial planning schemes level functional zones (land categories) dislocation definition in territorial planning schemes of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation municipal districts and also in city district master plan drafts city and rural settlements2) town-planning zoning works reference to the level of territory planning documents preparation where the territorial zones of placement of capital construction projects would be established in the borders of planning structure elements of the settlement3) land plots surveying in the borders of territorial zones perform on the basis of the complex of conciliation procedures and public hearings of volume spatial decisions (sketches) of building undergoneThe offered town-planning design actions organization technological model is directed to planning solutions consecutive specification from different level territorial planning schemes, including city district master plans, city and rural settlements to theland plot planning organization schemes of the capital construction projects, i.e. from an investment plan to project realization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Town planning structure"
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Chung, Tonny. "The evolution of spatial structure in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14803549.
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Yau, Pak-hang Andy. "An analysis of the effectiveness of the project management process and organisation structure employed by government in new town development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947175.
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邱伯衡 and Pak-hang Andy Yau. "An analysis of the effectiveness of the project management process andorganisation structure employed by government in new town development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251213.
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Friedrich, Melanie. "Social Aspects of Sustainability and Resilience in Small Town Planning : Structural Planning in Pförring, Germany." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283735.
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In a seemingly endlessly urbanizing world, the planning field must not forget our cities’ hinterlands and rural regions. Demographic shifts, dying centers, lack of amenities and insufficient mobility options are just a few of the struggles the periphery is facing. With the help of the case study site Pförring, Germany, this report analyzes regional and local plans in relation to social aspects of sustainability and resilience. The results are the identification of crucial elements for successful transformation: vision, competence, support, action, monitoring and adjustment, depicted as an interlinked system of two interactive loops.
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Chen, Mengyi, and 陈梦燚. "From satellite towns to new towns, evolution and transformation of urban spatial structure in Chinese metropolises." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46735239.
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Dokoupilová, Pazderková Kateřina. "Pěší pohyb ve struktuře města." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233236.
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The city was from the past the place where people were meeting together, living and creating together. Therefore the role of individuals – city inhabitants should growth in today´s anonymus times. The role of pedestrian as individual enabling direct contact face to face, individual communicating with surroundings, is becoming essential part of „vivid“ city. In order the city to be functional, it is necessary to concentrate human beings and events, only then the city is becoming city of people, city of place, city of moment. The difinition of city sustainability and viability should be measured by city capability to provide quality life conditions to its inhabitants. It includes mainly high quality of natural and artificial environments, good life and working conditions, people rights for housing, working, social service and infrastructure. It should also protect cultural identity of the city and allow the possibility to participace in the city decision-making. Line traffic influences in a large scale accruing Urban Sprawl, forms large transport distances and increases the transport necessity mostly by private cars. It is important to make efficient planning with the politics of innovating traffic systems, which will be able to reduce the transport needs. For the city sustainability we can claim that the pedestrian transport has the contribution in restricting the suburbanization, in recuding the portion of motor vehicles and in restricting the risks of spatial segregation. It is necessary to create cities where people can get around and meet, where different forms and functions are mixed together in that way, that there will be no abandon city centres and no monofunctional zones. It is importnat to rely on principle that the streets are a social space. No only a traffic space, but also a social space. To design quality system of connected, function and safe pedestrian roads between residential buildings and local destinations, so the buildings can offer views to the streets which increases not only the safety, but especially connects course of events of these two worlds. To forms vivid, vibrant city, where the pedestrian movement is the interlinking element in between constantly developing town and preserving the life inside the town, is an immense challenge to all of us.
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Bruiners, Leona. "'n Vergelykende studie tussen die ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke van Tygerberg en Kaapstad plaaslike owerhede met die van die Kaapse Metropool." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52373.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various spatial development frameworks are currently being drafted to lead the spatial development patterns of concentrated activities within municipalities and metropoles. The assignment studies the spatial development framework of the Cape Metropole as well as those of the Tygerberg and Cape Town municipalities. An analyses of the different locations and characteristics of the corridors and nodes in these models is made. There are however nodes that are not proposed on the spatial development frameworks but have nevertheless been approved for. development. A comparison of the corridor model is made within the frameworks of the mentioned municipalities. A study is done on whether the corridor model is totally ignored by local authorities or whether it only differs in detail. The effect of the Century City node, which was not proposed in the spatial development frameworks on the development of corridors, is discussed. Backgroud information on the origin and functions of corridors and nodes is gathered through analyses of international examples. Comparison is drawn between these precidents and the Cape Metropole proposals to evaluate their applicability. The conclusion is drawn that the municipalities' and metropole's spatial development frameworks are based on the same principle but differ in their detail structure. Many of the recommendations that are made in the spatial frameworks are difficult to implement. The approval of nodes such as Century City which are not proposed on the frameworks have a negative influence on the economic growth and development of future nodes and corridors as envisaged. Proposals on how to strengthen the implementation process of spatial development frameworks and a possible process for the approval of potential nodes are given.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is verskillende ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke wat tans opgestel word om die ruimtelike verspreidingspatrone van gekonsentreerde aktiwiteite binne munisipaliteite en metropole te lei. Die werkstuk ondersoek die ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke van die Kaapse Metropool asook die munisipaliteite van Tygerberg en Kaapstad. Die korridors en nodusse wat in die modelle voorgestel word, word ontleed in terme van hul eienskappe en verskillende liggings. Daar is nogtans nodusse wat nie in hierdie ontwikkelingsraamwerke voorgestel word nie, maar dit is nieteenstaande goedgekeur vir ontwikkeling. Die werkstuk vergelyk die korridormodel van die Kaapse Metropool (Metropolitaanse Ontwikkelingsraamwerk) met die munisipaliteite se ontwikkelingsraamwerke.Daar word ondersoek of die korridormodel van die metropool heeltemal deur plaaslike owerhede verwerp word of dit net in detail verskil. Die effek van die Century City nodus, wat nie in die ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke voorgestel is nie, op die ontwikkeling van korridors word ook bespreek. Voorbeelde van internasionale stede word ontleed om agtergrond oor die ontstaan en funksies van korridors en nodusse in te samel. Daarna word bepaal hoe dit op die Kaapse Metropool toegepas kan word. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat al drie raamwerke op dieselfde beginsel gebaseer is maar in detail verskil Daar word baie voorstelle binne die raamwerke gemaak wat moeilik is om te implementeer. Die goedkeuring van nodusse soos Century City wat nie binne die ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke voorgestel word nie, het 'n negatiewe invloed op die ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling van die voorgestelde nodusse en korridors. Aanbevelings oor hoe om die implementeringsproses van die raamwerke te ondersteun word gemaak en ook 'n moontlike goedkeuringsproses vir nodusse wat nie binne die ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerke voorgestel word nie.
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Hellberg, Caroline. "De externa etableringarnas framtid : en samhällsekonomisk analys av behov och möjlighet till politisk styrning och planering." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-693.
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The out-of-town retail establishments are part of the dramatic structural changes in the retailing of food and groceries. There are however strong indications suggesting these establishments result in negative externalities concerning areas such as pollution and urban environment. The purpose of this study is to describe and, from an economic perspective, analyse the Swedish political regulations and planning policies concerning the out-of-town supermarkets. The analysis establishes that the current regulations regarding out-of-town retailing do not, due to the occurrence of market failures, produce an optimal situation. It might therefore be necessary to change the planning policies in a more restrictive direction. Unfortunately, information regarding consumer preferences, necessary for an effective institutional regulation, are not available. Further research is thus needed to obtain this information.
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Dobinson, C. S. "Studies in Romano-British urban structure : a consideration of aspects of planning, building stock and internal structure of the major towns of Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272561.
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Maxia, Alexander James. "The Principles of a Stable Community : 90 Years of Structured Integration in a Culturally Diverse New Town in Sardinia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-407522.
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An atom, a cell and a solar system have very little in common. My science teachers from high school will confirm that I am very far from being an expert on the matter but nontheless, I have studied these three systems in separate classes: chemistry, biology and astronomy. So I believe they must be fairly unrelated from each other! All they have in common is that they are studied through a magnifying lens by people who are better than me in maths. But onceyou look through the lens, you should see a main body and smaller objects rotating around it. The electrons around the protons, the cytoplasm around the nucleus and the planets around the sun. The key element they have in common is structure. Perhaps this is too abstract, even for an abstract, so let’s bring things back to earth. Structures play a fundamental role in shaping the world around us and this thesis aims to understand to what extent and how they influence people’s daily lives. The case study is based on the new town of Arborea in Sardinia, originally designed and owned by a private company to make an efficient and innovative industrial food production system. It aims to show how the ambition to produce was ingrained in the buildings and societal structures and how the surroundings affected the people who moved there. Everything was studied in detail:from the road grid to the houses, the church’s positioning and even selecting people from the north of Italy who were deemed most suitable to work there. The use of structuration theory will be key to uncover the different layers and relations that still shape the community today. 35.000 cows, 3800 people, a history of cultural clashes, a productive system, a very fascist background, a ’sex patrolling’ priest, a dozen volunteering organisations will all feature in thethesis and together enable to draw a picture of the new town.
Books on the topic "Town planning structure"
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Kirjakka, Marjut. The orthogonal Finnish town, 1620-1860: Its structure, components, and dimensions. Helsinki: Helsinki University of Technology, 1996.
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Bangladesh. Ministry of Housing and Public Works. Urban Development Directorate. Master plan for Sylhet Divisional town (2010-2030): Structure plan, urban area plan, and detailed area plan. Dhaka: Urban Development Directorate, Ministry of Housing and Public Works, The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2011.
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Don't call it sprawl: Metropolitan structure in the twenty-first century. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Council, Highland Region (Scotland) Regional. Fort William local plan.: Modifications to the final draft : Statements under regulations 35,36 and 37 of the Town and Country Planning (Structure and Local Plans) (Scotland) Regulations 1983. Inverness: Highland Regional Council, 1994.
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United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Structure plan for [name of city] and satellite towns. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, 2009.
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Edinburgh old town: The forgotten nature of an urban form. Edinburgh: Tholis Pub., 2008.
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Yerolympos, Alexandra. Urban transformations in the Balkans (1820-1920): Aspects of Balkan town planning andtheremaking of Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, 1996.
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Penang transitions: Marking George Town and rifle range renewal competitions. Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia, 2011.
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Muzeum Regionalne w Stalowej Woli, ed. Stalowa Wola: Europejskie miasto modernistyczne = a modernist European town. Stalowa Wola: Muzeum Regionalne w Stalowej Woli, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Town planning structure"
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_214-1.
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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2193–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_214.
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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Aggour, Heba Hatem. "An Economic Diagnosis of Historical Vilas in Alexandria." In Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design, 310–40. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9238-9.ch014.
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Alexandria's old town center is like passing into an extensive gallery include various architectural forms of several ancient buildings. Since theses listed buildings in Egypt are not profitable from the financial perspective, the owners have plans to destroy them and locate an option for their monetary needs. The author, in the research objective of this chapter, tries to discover the best approach to raise the financial estimation of some listed villas in Alexandria until they have the same estimation of or more than the building if decimated and replaces by a tall structure. The results provide solutions for the owners who are ready to keep it and safeguard the cultural heritage of the city. The concluded remarks provide answers to the primary research question raises of how to achieve a win-win situation between listed buildings in Egypt and the economic needs of the users.
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Cunningham, Tim. "Best Laid Plans: An Archaeology of Architectural Anomalies in Bronze Age Crete." In Minoan Architecture and Urbanism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793625.003.0009.
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Approaches to Minoan architecture (Graham 1962; Preziosi 1983; Hitchcock 2000; Shaw 2009, 2015; Letesson 2009; McEnroe 2010) have focused on its positive qualities, and since Evans’s excavations in the early years of the twentieth century the perceived modernity of Minoan architecture has been manifest both in scholarly discourse (Farnoux 1993; Schoep 2010: 222) and in popular representations in various media. Sophisticated, delightful, and above all planned—for while bull-leaping, labyrinths, and even kingship have all come under sceptical scrutiny, the existence of a Daedalus, at least as the personification of the creative genius of Minoan architecture, has been tacitly accepted. Any argument over the idea that Minoan architecture was designed, and furthermore designed with goals well appreciated today (e.g. maximizing light and air circulation, controlling for privacy, providing aesthetic pleasure) tends to be over the degree to which such planning can be demonstrated or proven from the existing evidence. That the goal itself, designed or planned building, was likely to have been desirable or effective is not usually questioned. Likewise, there are signs of civic or town planning, to the extent of a conceptual order imposed on the built form, implying an abstract higher level authority controlling private or lower level space, or at least the needs of the town superseding those of the individual structures within (Cunningham 2001; Buell 2014; see also chapter 9). And again, while we may disagree over the extent or penetration of such authority, or the appropriateness of the terminology, the idea that town planning might have had a deleterious effect on social bonding is rarely, if ever, considered. This is interesting, since in studies of architecture and town planning in modern times, at least since the 1960s and 1970s, it has become increasingly clear that planning towns and buildings is extremely hard and that even the best intentioned, most competent, and well-supported efforts not only often fail but regularly have the opposite effect as was intended.
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Roller, Michael P. "The Destructive Character." In An Archaeology of Structural Violence, 163–88. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056081.003.0008.
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Several planning documents connected to redevelopment efforts of the last quarter of the twentieth century are examined in chapter 7 in combination with drastic changes in the landscape of the town and altered community social interactions. I assert that urban renewal resulted not only in drastic changes in the material and economic landscape, but more importantly, was also a process of subjectivization. Increasingly residents subjected each other to bureaucratic demands suggesting that, at least tactically, they had adopted the language of neoliberalism--renewal, and management--enunciating a new community comprised of atomized individuals adopting entrepreneurial attitudes to space, labor, and governance. At stake was the capacity for the materiality of landscape to remember, reproduce, and channel social relations in a manner responsive to the exigencies of uncertain economy.
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Jamieson, Walter, and Richard Engelhardt. "Challenges in Conserving and Managing Heritage in Asian Urban Areas." In The Planning and Management of Responsible Urban Heritage Destinations in Asia. Goodfellow Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-911396-58-1-4056.
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This chapter builds on the ethical setting presented in Chapter 1. It discusses the challenges facing residents in Asian urban areas and provides an overview of the context in which urban planning, design and management in Asia occurs. Based on this analysis, the chapter then examines the problematic nature of the interface between heritage conservation and the planning, design and management of urban areas, including the impact of tourism in heritage environments. This discussion will provide the context for the case studies and examples that follow in Chapters 3, 4 and 5. Urban areas in Asia vary in size and include metropolitan areas, regional towns and large cities, as well as portions of cities, such as historic districts. They also differ in terms of geography, economic conditions, political systems and cultural and social systems. Given these differences, it is difficult to generalise about them. However, Asian urban areas have certain similarities, one of which is that their populations are growing at unparalleled rates (see Figure 2.2). Also, the populations of these fast-growing and rapidly-expanding urban areas are demanding infrastructure development at a pace that is often far beyond local economic, financial and human capacities. Such urban areas often have poorly-developed urban management structures and weak decision-making systems, however. Furthermore, these cities have planning and governance approaches that are neither comprehensive nor robust enough to deal with the growth and complexity of the urban situation. In the very largest cities, the limits of liveability have been reached and they are unsustainable in their current form.
Conference papers on the topic "Town planning structure"
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William, Zuo. "Multi-scale Spatial Layout Structure System Experiences of Shanghai Mega City Spatial Planning." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/vbsy8828.
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As one of the leading factors of China's economic growth, Shanghai has ranked atop of global metropolitan. Recently, Shanghai has just completed the compilation of a new version of Shanghai 2035 Master plan. Under the guidance of ‘outstanding global city’ of Shanghai, one of the most remarkable changes is the redefinition of cities and regions. This master plan introduces a five-level spatial layout structure system of 'Central Activity Zone-Main City Zone-Suburban Town Circle-Near Shanghai Collaborative Zone-Yangtze River Delta Regional Urban Agglomerations'. The Central Activity Zone is the core area of the main city, the Main City Zone is the key upgrading area around the main city, the Suburban Town Circle is the suburban development complex composed of the suburban New city-new town-ordinary town and village. the Near Shanghai Collaborative Zone emphasizes the strategic coordination and interactive promotion between Shanghai and its surrounding areas, and the Yangtze River Delta Regional Urban Agglomerations refers to Shanghai driving more than ten cities in the Yangtze River Delta to form a world-class metropolis area. In different spatial scales, this pattern has given a coordinated and unified spatial planning arrangement for urban and rural areas and different regions, which provides a guideline for the world's megacities' spatial planning. The disadvantage is that the multi-scale spatial governance system matched with the multi-scale spatial layout structure system has not yet matured in Shanghai and its surrounding areas, resulting in difficulties in planning and implementation. Now, China is commencing a large-scale reform of its spatial planning system, which offers a great opportunity for the implementation of new planning concepts.
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Deltoro, Julia, Carmen Blasco Sánchez, and Francisco Martínez Pérez. "Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6484.
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Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city. References DCLG. (2006). Transferable Lessons from the New Towns. (http://www.futurecommunities.net/files/images/Transferable_lessons_from_new_towns_0.pdf.) Accessed: 14 january 2015. Gaborit, P. (2010). European New Towns: Image, Identities, Future Perspectives. (PIE-Peter Lang SA., Brussels) HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Committee. (1946 a). Final Report of the New Towns Committee. London HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Act. (1946 b). London Madani-Pour, Ali. (1993). `Urban Design in the British New Towns´. Open House International, vol. 18. TCPA. (2014). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 1: An Introduction to the UK’s New Towns and Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1bcdbbe3-f4c9-49b4-892e-2d85b5be6b87). TCPA. (2015). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 2: Lessons for Delivering a New Generation of Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=62a09e12-6a24-4de3-973f-f4062e561e0a)
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Geng, Hong, and Jiajia Li. "Promotion path of liveable quality in old town in big city based on social dimension. A case study of Wuhan in China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/lfsk8978.
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Based on the social dimension, this paper constructed an analytical framework for the improvement of livable quality in the old urban areas of large cities, and took the old urban areas of Wuhan as the research area to analyze the development difficulties faced by the old urban areas of Wuhan by means of field investigation, interview and questionnaire survey. The research shows that the rapid expansion of Wuhan city not only promotes the renewal of the old city, but also gives rise to a series of problems, such as the contradiction between social resources and human needs caused by the change of social structure, the reconstruction of social relations breaking the original social stability, and the loss of urban vitality caused by the shaping of urban characteristics. Therefore, based on the social perspective, this paper analyzes the social problems and their forming mechanism in the livable development of the old urban areas of large cities, puts forward the path framework for improving the livable quality of the old urban areas of large cities, and discusses the strategies for improving the livable quality of the old urban areas with examples to promote the livable development of the old urban areas of large cities.
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Xiujie, Li, Fu Hongpeng, and Yang Meng. "The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6039.
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The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China Xiujie Li, Hongpeng Fu, Meng Yang College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking University. Beijing. China. 100871 E-mail: 1400013234@pku.edu.cn, issacfuhongpeng@163.com, shuangzizhixin@163.com Keywords: state-owned farm, policy, social structure, physical form, urban morphology Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space State-owned farms in north-east China are numerous and large in size. They have played an important role in the reclamation and guarding of the frontier in China. Their physical form is sensitive to government policy. Following the historical development of a particular farm, an examination is made of how its social structure and physical form have been influenced by the policies of different periods. The development process has experienced three stages since this farm’s founding. There has been a change from ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the whole farm’ to ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the companies of the farm’, and then ‘farmers farming severally on the land’. The physical form of the farm has been influenced by the policies in different historical periods. Important aspects of these policies include industrial structure, population structure, land ownership, and town and country planning. This study provides a basis for future urban morphological research. References Conzen, M.R.G. (2011) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis (China Architecture & Building Press, China) Bray, D. (2005) Social space and governance in urban China (Stanford University Press, Stanford)
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Lei, Dongxue, and Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.
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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Petrosyan, Evgine, and Ekaterina Kilina. "Development of urban areas of the Russian Federation on the Trans-Siberian Railway: town-planning a railroad role in the city of Krasnoyarsk." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6065.
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Not populated or low-populated territories development due to the railroads construction exerted considerable impact on regional planning of the country. Construction of the Great Siberian way – the Trans-Siberian Railway was one of the significant events of the end of the 19th century. Numerous new settlements and the cities, such as Novosobirsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk appeared on the map of the country. Krasnoyarsk began to develop violently and grew by 270% after railroad construction in 1897 - 1911 years. New created structure of resettlement entailed industry development. A lot of the new productions were transported from the central part of the country during the Second World War. Factories were accommodated along the railroad generally. The majority of objects of cultural railway heritage remained on the railroads territories in present time. The pioneer settlement of railroad workers in the city of Krasnoyarsk – is the Nikolaevskaya sloboda escaped. Typically Siberian residential buildings and style life still characteristic for that unique area. The strategies of the renovation of the area Nikolaevskaya sloboda oriented toward the tourist quarter of the Siberian city is required. Development of the city continues. Krasnoyarsk, thanks to the railroad, became the million plus city. Light rail transport, rewatching municipal warehouse territories under cultural clusters, business and residential districts is supposed in the future. Development process is oriented to transformation of the transport oriented district (TOD).
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Chen, Chih-Hung, and Chih-Yu Chen. "From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5923.
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From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)
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Verda, V., C. Ciano, and M. Cali`. "Thermoeconomic Synthesis of District Heating Networks." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61448.
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District Heating (DH) is an efficient way to provide heat to residential users since it can allow recuperation of waste heat or can be coupled with cogenerative plants and very efficient boilers, achieving overall energy savings and thus allowing reductions in the system’s global emissions. Notwithstanding all of these benefits, the question if DH is to be preferred to other solutions, such as micro-cogenerative plants or conventional boilers feeding single or small groups of buildings, has its answer not only in technical and environmental evaluations, but also in economical ones, involving the district heating network (DHN) as a determinant parameter, being largely the most important investment. An important problem to be solved when planning a district heating system in a municipality is the extension of the network, which does not necessarily involve the whole town. The determination of optimal configuration, formulated as a synthesis problem, should allow one to decide which areas could be effectively and conveniently fed trough the DHN and which ones through distributed systems. Such design criterion should be always formulated as a first step of the decisional project, since, once the main network is designed, further developments are technically difficult or even impossible if not planned. In this paper thermoeconomic analysis is used as the key-factor for the system synthesis. This procedure does not guarantee to obtain the true optimal network structure; nevertheless a quasi-optimal configuration is always determined. In this case, the result can be improved by coupling this approach with other optimization algorithms, which increases the probability of reaching the true optimum. The use of the thermoeconomic approach (although combined with other optimization algorithms) reduces sensibly the computational efforts with respect to the direct application of other optimization procedures. In case of large systems, where the number of possible structures is extremely large, the use of this procedure is a strategy to make the problem resolvable. The theoretical developments are here applied to the town of Turin, where a district heating network operates. The optimal network is determined and compared with the existing one.
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Kucuk, Ezgi, and Ayşe Sema Kubat. "Rethinking Urban Design Problems through Morphological Regions: Case of Beyazıt Square." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6179.
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Rethinking Urban Design Problems through Morphological Regions Ezgi Küçük¹, Ayşe Sema Kubat² ¹Urban Planning Coordinator, Marmara Municipalities Union ²Prof., Dr., Istanbul Technical Univercity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of City and Regional Planning E-mail: ezgikucuk89@gmail.com, kubat@itu.edu.tr Keywords: the Historical Peninsula, morphological regions, urban blocks, urban design, Beyazıt Square Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space The concept of urban square is a debated issue in the context of urban design practices in Islamic cities. Recognizing the relation between urban morphology and urban design studies in city planning and urban design practices is highly vital. Beyazıt Square, which is the center of the city of Istanbul, could not be integrated to the other parts of the city either configurationally or socially although many design projects have been previously planned and discussed. In this study, the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul is observed as an essential unit of the traditional path reflecting each civilization, namely Roman, Byzantium, Ottoman and Republic of Turkey that have been settled in the region. Transformations in urban blocks in Beyazıt region are elaborated through a series of morphological analyses based on the Conzenian approach of urban morphology. Morphological regions of the Historical Peninsula are identified and Beyazıt region is addressed in detail in terms of the transformations in urban block components, that are; street, plot and buildings. The effects of surrounding units which are the mosque, university buildings, booksellers and Grandbazaar on Beyazıt Square are discussed according to the morphological analyses that are applied to the region. Previous design practices and the existing plan of the area are observed through the analyses including town plan, building block, and land use and ownership patterns. It is revealed that existing design problems in Beyazıt Square come from the absence of urban morphological analyses in all planning and design practices. Through morphological regions as well as the conservation plans, urban design projects can be reconsidered. References Baş, Y. (2010) ‘Production of Urbanism as the Reproduction of Property Relations: Morphologenesis of Yenişehir-Ankara’, PhD thesis, Middle East Technical University. Barret, H.J. (1996) ‘Townscape changes and local planning management in city conservation areas: the example of Birmingham and Bristol’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Bienstman, H. (2007) ‘Morphological Concepts and Landscape Management: The Cases of Alkmaar and Bromsgrove’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis, Institute of British Geographers, London. Conzen, M.R.G. (2004) Thinking About Urban Form: papers on urban morphology 1932-1998, Peter Lang, Bern. Çelik, Z. (1993) The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, University of California Press, Berkeley. Günay, B. (1999) Property Relations and Urban Space, METU Faculty of Architecture Press, Ankara. Kubat, A.S. (1999) ‘The morphological history of Istanbul’, Urban Morphology 3.1, 28-41. Noziet, H. (2008) ‘Fabrique urbaine: a new concept in urban history and morphology’, Urban Morphology, 13.1, 55-56. Panerai, P., Castex, J., Depaule, J. C. and Samuels, I. (2004) Urban Forms: The Death and Life of the Urban Block, Architectural Press, Oxford. Tekeli, İ. (2010) Türkiye’nin Kent Planlama ve Kent Araştırmaları Tarihi Yazıları, (Articles of Turkey’s History of Urban Planning and Urban Studies), Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, Istanbul. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition’, Urban Morphology 5.2, 3-10. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2009) ‘The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice’, Urban Morphology 13.1, 5-22.
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Ciano, C., V. Verda, and M. Cali`. "Optimal Extension of District Heating Systems Through Thermoeconomics." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81158.
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Network extension is an issue in planning district heating systems, specially in a large town; the optimal network does not necessarily connect all the buildings, because of technical and economical reasons. The selection of areas to be connected should be made during the design process, since further variations in the topology are usually difficult and conduct to a non-optimal configuration. This paper deals with the optimal extension of the district heating network using economic criteria. The algorithm here proposed is based on the application of thermoeconomics, together with some concepts derived from the optimization technique called simulated annealing. The algorithm reduces significantly the time required for solving the problem with respect to other optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms. An initial superstructure connecting all the possible users is built. Then the structure is progressively simplified, until the optimal configuration is found. The procedure is applied first to the actual district heating network operating in Turin. The application to a small portion of the central urban area of Turin, at the moment not connected with the DH network. is also proposed. Some general considerations about the optimal network configuration are then obtained by varying the climatic data, the volume of the buildings in the considered area and the distribution of users throughout this area.