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Barac, Matthew James Wilfrid. "From township to town : urban change in Victoria Mxenge TT informal settlement, Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252054.
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Mngqibisa, Ncedo Ivan Ntsasa. "The role of street committees in the governance of informal settlements : a case study from Waterworks Township, Grabouw." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8957.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-69).Community participation has become a key concept in research on the development and governance of underprivileged communities. It is on these grounds that the post-apartheid South African government has encouraged meaningful participation between local communities and the state, particularly through structures of local government. However, the role that street committees can play in the realisation of this ideal has received little attention from either government or academic scholars. For this reason, this study examines the role that the street committee in Waterworks, Grabouw, in the Western Cape plays in community governance. It analyses data from a qualitative study which took place between 2007 and 2008. In this thesis I argue that while the street committee has a role to play in the governance of the community, that role is limited by their lack of power. The street committee is not a statutory body and this hinders their ability to participate in local government issues. Despite these restrictions, the street committee in Waterworks was largely perceived by the local residents as doing their best in addressing pertinent issues. However, there were some who accused members of the street committee of nepotism and seeking political patronage.
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Thoka, Boitumelo. "Policy and regulation as enablers for early childhood development centres in townships and informal settlements." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75279.
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South Africa’s integrated policy on early childhood development makes provision for access to and delivery of equitable services to all children in South Africa. In his 2019 State of the Nation Address, President Cyril Ramaphosa emphasised the importance of early childhood development (ECD) in the development of South Africa’s human capital. ECD centres in South Africa are faced with various financial and human resources challenges preventing them from registering with the Department of Social Development and accessing the per-child subsidy. Regulations governing ECD centres have been found to be lacking in support of social entrepreneurs operating in resources deprived areas such as informal settlements and townships, areas challenged by poverty and unemployment. Policies and regulations that cater to the social entrepreneurial context of operations have been found to be effective in addressing challenges related to the provisioning of social entrepreneurship related services. This study contributes to literature with respect to challenges facing ECD centres in informal settlements and townships and the literature on how government can use policy and regulation to remedy for challenges experienced by ECD centres operating in informal settlements and townships.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Nampila, Tutaleni. "Assessing community participation : the Huidare informal settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2238.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.This study evaluates community participation in the Huidare Informal Settlement (HDIS) as a case study. The hypothesis is that the breach of trust between the previous community leaders of the HDIS and the current community members has an effect on community participation in issues affecting them and their community today. The research methodology employed is explained as well as the policy context for community participation both on an international level and in Namibia, is reviewed. The legislation on community participation that has been enforced by the City of Windhoek contradicts what happened in the HDIS. The possibility will be investigated as to whether these policy documents of the City of Windhoek are only another form of tokenism.
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Dyantyi, Unathi Sisikelelwe. "Revitalisation of the informal township economy in Mdantsane." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15611.
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The main focus of this study was to perform an assessment of viable and sustainable means of creating a vibrant and sustainable economy in the Mdantsane Township. In order to perform the assessment objectives were formulated which aimed at assessing whether the informal small business sector of Mdantsane was generating wealth and livelihoods for the people running them. The study also looked at whether the informal business sector is a preferred option by most South Africans or people in the townships would rather seek employment. A number of data collection methods were used in completing this study such as literature reviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that Local Economic development can be implemented in the townships in order to assist in stimulating a vibrant local township economy. The study also revealed that the central focus of Local Economic Development is to support the development, growth and retention of private or co-operative enterprises. The survey conducted in the study further revealed that most businesses in the township are driven by necessity in order for them to start their businesses mainly due to unemployment. These businesses all agreed on the significant role that Local Economic Development can play in assisting township entrepreneurs and communities to grow and prosper.
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Herero, Jan Johannes. "Towards ecological sustainable sanitation : Oshiwana Penduka informal settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21437.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study undertakes a scientific investigation into the social and environmental problems encountered by the Oshiwana Penduka informal settlement as a result of the lack of a proper sanitation system. This informal settlement is located on the periphery of the municipal boundaries of the town of Mariental in Southern Namibia, about 270 kilometres south of the capital, Windhoek. The unique problem faced by the settlement is the absence of sanitation facilities or sewage system as a method of solid waste management. Needless to say, the informal settlement is characterized by overcrowding, poor sanitation, lack of housing, unemployment and poverty. From the literature review, it became clear that inadequate water supply and sanitation posed serious implications to the physical environment and human health. The literature also reveals that these core challenges are propagated by the continual influx of people to urban areas and the re-birth of irregular settlements. In light of the above, the problem statements to be addressed are the following, namely: what is the impact of the absence of a proper and sustainable sanitation system on the inhabitants of the Oshiwana Penduka informal settlement and what can be done by the Mariental Municipality to address the concerns raised? The key research methods applied for this study entails individual semi-structured questionnaires and key informant groups. The answers to the interviewed questions are highlighted in chapter four and the interpretation of the research findings are constituted in the latter chapter. The hypothesis was proven false and the new model of thinking generated is suggesting that the prevailing social and environmental problems are caused by the absence of toilet facilities. It is evident to note from the study results that the negative social impact, which is being attributed by inadequate sanitation in the informal settlement, is severe and lethal to human health. In order to prove the hypothesis, data has been collected at household levels from the informal settlers. Despite the survey results which support the conventional water borne sanitation as the most preferred sanitation system, vacuum system as an ecological sanitation technology is recommended for this informal settlement. This particular sanitation system works on the principle of enhancing water conservation, recycling, reduction of health, and promotes environmental integrity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie onderneem ʼn wetenskaplike ondersoek na die sosiale en omgewingsprobleme, wat ondervind word deur die Oshiwana Penduka informele nedersetting en die gebrek aan ʼn behoorlike sanitasie stelsel. Hierdie betrokke informele nedersetting is geleë aan die buitewyke van die munisipale grense van die dorp Mariental. Die dorp Mariental is geleë in die suidelike deel van Namibië, ongeveer 270 km suid van die hoofstad Windhoek. Die unieke problem wat hierdie nedersetting ondervind is die afwesigheid van sanitasie fasiliteite of ʼn rioolstelsel wat ʼn soliede metode van goeie rioolbeheer is. Hierdie nedersetting word gekenmerk deur oorbevolking, swak sanitasie, gebrek aan behuising, werkloosheid en armoede. Vanuit die literatuurstudie, het dit aan die lig gekom dat onvoldoende water toevoer en sanitasie ernstige implikasies vir die fisiese omgewing en die menslike gesondheid inhou. Die literatuur het ook aan die lig gebring dat hierdie basiese probleme vererger word deur die aanhoudende invloei van mense na die stedelike gebiede. In die lig van bogenoemde, is die probleemstelling wat aangespreek moet word, soos volg: wat is die gevolge van ʼn gebrek aan ʼn behoorlike en volhoubare sanitasiestelsel vir die inwoners van die informele nedersetting en wat kan die Mariental Munisipaliteit doen om hierdie problem aan te spreek? Die navorsingsmetode wat aangewend word bevat individuele semi- gestruktureerde vraelyste en sleutel fokusgroepe. Die antwoorde op die onderhoudsvraelyste word vervat in hoofstuk vier en die vertolking van die navorsingsbevinding word in die daaropvolgende hoofstuk aangebied. Die hipoteses was verkeerd bewys en die alternatief wat gegenereer is, stel voor dat die bestaande sosiale en omgewingsprobleme veroorsaak word deur die afwesigheid van toilet fasiliteite. Ten spyte van die navorsingsresultate, wat ʼn watersanitasiestelsel as die meeste verkose stelsel ondersteun, word ʼn suigstelsel as ekologiese volhoubare tegnologie vir hierdie informele nedersetting aanbeveel. Hierdie betrokke sanitasiestelsel toon verskeie voordele, onder andere bewaring van water, vermindering van gesondheidsprobleme en die bevordering van omgewingsvolhoubaarheid.
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Du, Toit Nerina. "Informal settlement fires : addressing the issue in Kayamandi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2641.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the issue of informal settlement fires, specifically in Kayamandi a township of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The study aims to identify the relevant role-players involved in addressing the issue and to understand the unique dynamics involved in this type of fires at the local level context. The study illuminates the main contextual factors that contribute to the perpetuation of informal settlement sprawl in South Africa and that relates to the risk and vulnerability experienced by informal settlement dwellers. A qualitative research approach was followed and a triangulation of data collection methods was used, combined with a relatively broad literature study to capture the complexity of the related issues. The contextual focus includes the macro-economic factors that contribute to the environment in which informal settlement fires occur, and furthermore, developmental, economic, political and social aspects and the related experience of poverty, urbanisation and unemployment. It was found that the theoretical underpinning of both the fields of Disaster Management and Community Development are relevant for analysis and addressing the research questions. Furthermore, that a relationship exists between the Disaster Management, Development and Community Development fields. This is particularly evident in Disaster Management policy and planning as related to prevention, mitigation, and public participation, such as community involvement in Community-Based Risk Assessments. Key findings suggest that local government in the demarcated study area has great influence on how the problem of informal settlement fires is addressed. From national to local municipality level, the State plays the largest role in addressing the issue and takes the responsibility for addressing informal settlement fires as part of disaster management mandates prescribed in legislation. The local government agenda as influenced by Disaster Management legislation include efforts related to awareness, education and training focused on Kayamandi as an informal settlement community and can be considered community development initiatives. This further relates to the view taken in the thesis that informal settlement fires are a social issue and not only an operational issue. Therefore the broad social, economic and political context and history were included and it was shown that the ‘problem’ of informal settlement fires is part of a greater developmental context and related processes. A variety of community development theories were chosen as a useful framework for analysis in this study and to approach issues of risk and vulnerability on a community level. It also presents a conceptual framework for including both non-governmental stake-holders and the affected community as role-players.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die kwessie van vure in informele nedersettings en spesifiek in Kayamandi, ‘n informele nedersetting van Stellenbosch in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid- Afrika. Die doel van die studie is om die relevante rolspelers te identifiseer wat betrokke is by die aanspreek van die kwessie en om die unieke dinamika van vure in hierdie plaaslike konteks te verstaan. Hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrikste kontekstuele faktore wat bydra tot die uitbreiding van informele nedersettings in Suid-Afrika en wat verband hou met die risiko en kwesbaarheid van inwoners van informele nedersettings. ‘n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg en ‘n triangulasie van dataversamelingsmetodes is in hierdie studie gebruik. Dit is met ‘n relatief breë literatuur-studie gekombineer om die kompleksiteit van die verwante kwessies weer te gee. Die konteksuele fokus sluit in makro-ekonomiese faktore wat bydrae tot ‘n omgewing waarin informele nedersettingsbrande voorkom, en voorts, ontwikkelings-, ekonomiese-, politieke- en sosiale aspekte, sowel as die verwante ervaring van armoede, verstedeliking en werkloosheid. Daar is bevind dat die teoretiese begronding van beide die velde van Rampbestuur en Gemeenskapsontwikkeling relevant is vir ontleding en om die navorsingsvrae te kan beantwoord en dat daar ‘n verhouding tussen Rampbestuur, Ontwikkeling en meer spesifiek Gemeenskapsontwikkeling bestaan. Dit kom veral na vore in Rampbestuurbeleid en - beplanning soos van toepassing op voorkoming, mitigasie en publieke deelname. Van die belangrikste bevindinge suggereer dat die plaaslike regering in die gegewe studie die grootste invloed het oor hoe die probleem van brande in informele nedersettings aangespreek word. Van nasionale tot plaaslike vlakke neem die Staat die verantwoordelikheid vir die aanspreek van informele nedersettingsbrande, soos vervat in mandate wat deur rampbestuur wetgewing bepaal word. Die plaaslike regering se agenda soos bepaal deur Rampbestuur wetgewing bevat gemeenskapsontwikkelingsidees oor deelname en inklusiewe beplanning, bewusmaking, opvoeding en spesifieke opleidingsinitiatiewe wat op Kayamandi afgestem is. Dit sluit verder aan by die siening, soos geneem in die tesis, dat informele nedersettingsbrande meer as net ‘n operasionele kwessie is, maar ook ‘n sosiale dimensie insluit. Om hierdie rede word die breër sosiale, ekonomiese, politieke en historiese konteks in die studie ingesluit, soos wat dit op die ‘probleem’ van informele nedersettingsbrande as deel van die groter ontwikkelingskonteks en prosesse dui. ‘n Verskeidenheid van gemeenskapontwikkelingsteorieë is as ‘n bruikbare raamwerk geselekteer vir ontleding en as ‘n benadering om risiko en kwesbaarheid op gemeenskapsvlak aan te spreek. Dit bied ook ‘n konsepsuele raamwerk om beide nie-regeringsrolspelers en die geaffekteerde gemeenskap ook as rolspelers in te kan sluit.
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Jensen, Aleksander Oldrup, and Andreas Utklev Førsund. "RITA NAGAR : Development strategies for an informal settlement." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for arkitektur og billedkunst, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26731.
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Sompani, Thozamile Matthews. "Delivery of environmental health services to Ducats informal settlement." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/796.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Technikon, 2003This study provides information on the provision of environmental health services to informal housing settlements by local authorities. A standard for Environmental Health Service delivery according to Government policies and legislation has been provided. Actual environmental health services delivered to Ducats informal settlement at the time (1992), have been compared to the services that should have been delivered by law. Baseline data have been compiled by means of questionnaires, in order to assist the different levels of government in addressing the housing and environmental health needs of the Ducat community. The nature of Environmental Health and the history of informal housing, more specific that of the Ducat informal housing settlement, have been determined. Limited environmental health services were rendered to informal housing settlements occupying land illegally during 1992. These environmental health services were limited to basic sanitation, water supply and refuse removal. Only pit latrines or bucket latrines were required as a means of sanitation, tanks for water supply and skips for the disposal of waste. Amatola Regional Services Council however rendered all the environmental health services required. Other environmental health aspects such as pest control, communicable disease control, air pollution control, radiation, occupational health issues, temperature extremes, lighting, ventilation, noise, social environment, food and meat hygiene were not required. This study has provided a set of Government policies and legislation, which should be considered in rendering environmental health services for housing in future. Uncertainty of the past decade, about rendering of Environmental Health services to people occupying land illegally, still persists. The Municipal Structures Act, 117 of 1998 requires the rendering of Environmental Health services by local authorities, but it does not state whether these services should be rendered to people occupying land illegally as well. Since this has been the biggest restriction in providing environmental health services in the past, it is recommended that Government address this uncertainty.
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SILVEIRA, MARCELO TEIXEIRA. "BUILDING 3D DETECTION AND EXTRACTION IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT AREAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18257@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA ocupação informal nas periferias dos centros urbanos brasileiros cresce de modo acelerado. O Sensoriamento Remoto provê técnicas eficientes para medir esta expansão. Em cidades com topografia acidentada, como o Rio de Janeiro, a expansão inicial, preponderantemente horizontal, acaba dando lugar à expansão vertical, à medida que novos pavimentos vão sendo construídos sobre edificações já existentes. Para estimar o crescimento de assentamentos deste tipo requerem-se, portanto, técnicas de medição 3D. Esta pesquisa propõe um método para produção de Modelos Digitais de Superfície (MDS) a partir de pares estereoscópicos de imagens fotogramétricas digitais. O método tem como entrada um MDS inicial calculado a partir de um par de imagens estereoscópicas sem qualquer conhecimento a priori da semântica da cena imageada. O MDS de entrada é então refinado levando-se em conta informação relativa à geometria das edificações identificadas. O método baseia-se no conhecimento a priori de que edificações em assentamentos informais de grandes centros urbanos no Brasil têm em geral altura aproximadamente constante. O processo envolve três passos principais: primeiramente são identificados os topos das edificações em cada par de imagens estereoscópicas. Em seguida, as regiões de topo homólogas são pareadas. O terceiro passo envolve a extração 3D das edificações. Ao final, obtém-se um MDS mais exato do que o inicial, além de uma imagem rotulada com a semântica dos objetos identificados. Os resultados obtidos com base nos experimentos realizados sobre imagens aéreas de uma área teste do município do Rio de Janeiro apresentaram uma melhora significativa de acurácia relativamente ao MDS de entrada.
Informal settlements in many Brazilian urban centers are growing up quickly. Remote Sensing techniques provide a cost-effective mean to measure such an expansion. In cities with rough topography, like the city of Rio de Janeiro, the initial expansion, predominantly horizontal, is gradually being shifted to vertical, as new floors are being built on the existing buildings. To estimate the changing of such type of buildings, 3D measuring techniques are required. This research proposes a method for generating Digital Surface Model (DSM) from digital photogrammetry techniques. The method takes an initial DSM calculated from a pair of stereoscopic images as input. These models have no knowledge of image scenes semantics. The input DSM is refined taking into account the information about the geometry of buildings identified by a process of segmentation and interpretation applied to both images of the stereo pair. The method is based on a priori knowledge that buildings from informal settlements in large urban centers in Brazil generally have their roof tops at approximately constant height (flat roofs). The process involves three main steps: firstly the tops of buildings are identified in each pair of stereoscopic images. Then, the regions corresponding to the top of the buildings are matched. The third step involves the 3D extraction of those buildings. Finally, the method generates a more accurate DSM plus an image label with the semantics of the identified buildings. The results obtained in the experiments on airborne imagery of a test area in the city of Rio de Janeiro showed a significant improvement in the original DSM, as it takes into account the semantics of the 3D reconstructed buildings.
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Ge, Ling. "How should 'informal settlement' be understood in Beijing China?" Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21403/.
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Informal settlements have become an essential part of urban habitation patterns both globally and in China. This research reviews the interaction of industrialisation, urbanisation, migration and the informal economy alongside institutional factors that have encouraged the development of informal settlements in Beijing. Then it asks and attempts to answer the research question: How should ‘informal settlement’ be understood in Beijing, China? This research develops the empirical study in three phases. Firstly, it explores government approaches to informal settlements and their spatial distribution in Beijing from political and academic elites’ perceptions. Secondly, it profiles the functions that different types of informal settlements perform currently in Beijing through a survey. Thirdly, it investigates the needs of informal settlement dwellers, and how Beijing fits with the global conceptual understandings of informal settlements. This research makes four key findings to our understanding of informal settlements in Beijing. First, it maps out the spatial configuration of informal settlements, which are dispersed throughout Beijing, and documents diversity in physical manifestation of informal settlements, including evolved new types and changing complications within each type. In this sense, it provides an overall picture of Beijing informal settlements geographically and typologically. Second, it expands the understanding of informal settlements that to define the informal is not only determined by norms, regulations or laws, but also by the extent to which they are enforced; and the intensity of their enforcement depends on how government officials choose to interpret policies. Third, it suggests informal settlements satisfy dweller’s housing need because they are merely a sleeping place rather than home, and dwellers care more about socio-economic needs such as earning/saving money and social networks. Finally, it predicts the unstoppable trend of informal settlements in Beijing considering the enormous income gap between urban and rural China, together with the existence of informal economy.
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Hajian, Hanieh. "A toolkit for prioritising interventions in informal settlement upgrades." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25282.
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Informal settlements are more than just a collection of corrugated iron units. They are not a building type but an urban phenomenon that is prevalent in South Africa due to reasons such as housing backlog (Huchzermeyer, 2010:132) and the need for livelihood (Huchzermeyer, 2011:33). It offers choice, it gives people what they want and it is affordable (Mills, 2012:1). “Informalization is a process where the poor evade rules to produce outcomes that they need, but that are otherwise too controlled for them to reach” (Cross, 2005:3). Urbanisation in South Africa is increasing every day (Mills, 2012:1) and the poor in shacks continue to deliver housing to themselves using informal mechanisms (Cross, 2005:2). There is a need to recognise and appreciate the economic, social and environmental benefits that informal settlements can bring to the urbanisation process (Mills 2012, pp1). Informal housing exists due to the gap in the market where the poor are unable to afford the available kind of housing (Cross, 2005:3). One must understand that formalising the informal does not always have to be through eradication of existing slums according to MDG seven Target 11 (Huchzermeyer, 2011:16) and it can also take place as an in situ upgrading (Huchzermeyer, 2011:30). It can sometimes be an “invisible” form of development of the community which leads to a self-sustaining future upgrade such as project that Nabeel Hamdi pioneered namely ‘the Buffalo Project’ (Hamdi, 2010:106). Sometimes the existing abandoned structures such as a community hall can be reactivated, resulting in an improvement of an area in terms of addressing the needs of the community for a market space (Hamdi, 2010:109) or changing the appearance of an informal settlement resulting in a change in people’s perceptions of the area (Feireiss, 2011:114). In this way the “small change” can grow over time and result in the development of an entire settlement by its own residents. This dissertation explores the importance of the architectural facilitator as the “missing” profession amongst other professionals who are involved with upgrading projects such as architects, engineers, NGOs, government entities, private stakeholders and many more (Hamdi, 2010:96). The architectural facilitator will be able to accommodate the gaps that have been challenging the Upgrade of the informal settlements in South Africa by creating an understanding between the issues that exist in an informal settlement, prioritising the needs and selecting interventions that address the most pressing needs in an informal settlement. The aim is to create a universal understanding of how one can approach the issue of upgrading informal settlements in order to derive a strategic framework that will lead to a long-term sustainable development. A revised toolkit is introduced to guide the decision-makers such as the Architects, government entities or anyone with an understanding of Architecture, to be able to organise their findings in a prioritised manner and implement interventions according to what the priority needs in the context are. The important thing to highlight in this paper is the theoretical importance of livelihoods to the understanding of poverty in the urban context and the implication of these theories in practice (Hamdi, 2010:185). Therefore, designing an upgrade plan and intervention which will be a long-term project, accepted by the community and accommodating the community’s need for livelihood. Topics such as ownership through tenure security and identifying existing nodes of energy are the main focus of this thesis document.Dissertation (MSc (Applied Science) )--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Architecture
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Li, Jun. "Informal settlement modeling using digital small-format aerial imagery." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4984.
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Bibliography: leaves 170-182.This dissertation deals with the development and implementation aspects of a semi-automated shack reconstruction strategy for informal settlement GIS (ISGIS) data collection. The main features of this stratedy include: (1) the use of color orthoimagery and digital surface model (DSM) generated from high-resoltion small-format digitial aerial imagery, (2) the separation of the shack reconstruction task into automated shack detection and interactive shack delineation, (3) the integration of multiple cues in a desktop GIS environment, and (4) the 2.5D shack modeling and the three-dimensional (3D) realistic visualization. In accordance with this strategy an informal settlement modeling system (IS-Modeler) prototype has been developed. IS-Modeler is comprised of three software components: digital photogrammetry, image analysis and GIS. The former two are used to generate multiple cues, primarily DSM blobs, shadows and attributed edge contours, the latter is used to implement shack detection, delineation and visualization.
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White, Tamara. "Advances in the evaluation of informal settlement upgrading in Brazil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44435.
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This thesis focuses on the practice of evaluation of informal settlement upgrading projects in Brazil. The country experienced a wave of rapid urbanization over the last sixty years, with eighty-four percent of the population now living in cities. As cities lacked affordable housing options commensurate with their burgeoning populations, informal settlements proliferated. Over several decades, policy responses have evolved to promoting the upgrading of these settlements. A wide variety of strategies has been employed to address the material, social, and legal issues associated with informal settlements. The actors have been equally diverse, including federal and municipal government, NGOs, international agencies, and community-based organizations. After more than a generation of concerted trial and error in designing and implementing upgrading programs, how have monitoring and evaluation practices been put to use?
Grounded in an understanding of global urbanization trends and current debates around the practice of monitoring and evaluation, this study aims to: 1. Establish the importance of monitoring and evaluation as a critical element in improving the outcomes of upgrading and building an international body of knowl¬edge around effective upgrading programs; 2. Assess the current practice of monitoring and evaluation of upgrading programs in Brazil; 3. Identify the challenges and barriers that currently impede the broad usage of such evaluation systems, and; 4. Identify the national trends that point to increased use of monitoring and evaluation in the future.
This research finds that systematic monitoring and evaluation of the development outcomes of upgrading programs rarely occurs. Academics and researchers conduct a wide range of evaluative studies, though these tend to be isolated and non-continuous. International donor agencies, and more recently the federal government, require project evaluations be conducted on particular projects, though these tend to remain at the level of project outputs. Many trends, however, indicate that the nascent practice of monitoring and evaluation is attracting increased interest from policy-makers, practitioners, scholars and stakeholders. It is concluded that M&E practice will continue to be refined and experience broader application in the coming years.
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Xali, Nomawethu. "Community participation in housing development : the Boystown informal settlement project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1679.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.One of the problems with development planning is a lack of community participation. This is due to the top-down approach that dominates development planning. To improve chances of sustainable development there is a need to shift from a top-down approach towards a bottom-up approach. The bottom-up approach promotes people-centred development. People-centred development focuses on people and enhances their capacity to influence the direction and implementation of the development process. Communities can only influence the development process through their participation. International bodies such as the United Nations and the World Bank support the concept of community participation in development planning. The South African policy framework also provides for community participation. The change agents should utilise this opportunity by sharing knowledge and by learning from the indigenous knowledge of the community. This knowledge exchange between the community and the change agents creates a platform for social learning, capacity building and empowerment. It is through this platform that sustainable development could be achieved. This kind of development process accommodates the building blocks of development. This study examines the level of community participation in a housing development project at the Boystown informal settlement. It was found that there is a lack of community participation in this project and that the project could be a success if there is a higher level of participation by the beneficiaries.
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Jikazana, Mzobanzi Elliot. "Living condition in informal settlements: the case of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016213.
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The study examines the issue of living conditions in informal settlements, using the case study of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town. Affordability, lack of space, job related issues, a relatively small formal housing stock available in many urban centres, and deregulation, in terms of both access to land and finance, forced lower income groups to seek accommodation in informal settlements. Here people are exposed to unhealthy living conditions. The study reveals that living in informal settlements often poses significant health risks. Sanitation, food storage facilities and drinking water quality are often poor, with the result that inhabitants are exposed to a wide range of pathogens and houses may act as breeding grounds for insect vectors. In informal settlements people often live in temporary homes constructed with impermanent, basic materials. These inhabitants frequently have little option but to live on marginal land (flood plains or steep slopes, for example), with the consequence that they are the first to suffer the effects of cyclones and floods. In addition, a combination of overcrowding, the use of open fires and flammable buildings leads to danger from accidental fires, burns and scalding. The post-apartheid South African government has tried a number of housing initiatives to help alleviate the housing problem since 1994 when it came to power. These have included the Botshabelo Accord (1994), the Housing White Paper in 1995, the National Urban and Reconstruction Housing Agency in 1995, the Housing Subsidy Scheme in 1995, the Housing Act No. 107 of 1997 and the Policy on People’s Housing Process (1998). The government set itself a target of delivering one million houses within five years. By all indications the government did not fully comprehend the gravity of the problem in relation to available resources. In 2004, the Department of Housing declared its intention to eradicate informal settlements in South Africa by 2014. This followed the unprecedented housing backlog, proliferation of informal settlements, social exclusion and the inability of municipalities to provide basic infrastructure to urban poor households. However, despite these bold interventions by government, the study demonstrates that the provision of low-cost housing can be viewed as a wicked problem. Wicked problems are described to be “ill-defined, ambiguous, and associated with strong moral, political and professional issues”. The study, therefore, concludes that given the complexities surrounding the provision of low-cost housing in South Africa, the government’s ambitions to resolve housing backlogs by 2014 appear to be a far-fetched dream.
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Keller, Andreas. "Conceptualising a sustainable energy solution for in situ informal settlement upgrading." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71856.
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Duffy, Bernadette. "The values formation of children growing up in an informal settlement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24362.
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This study explored the phenomena of pre-adolescents growing up in an informal settlement and explored how needs and wants influenced their value and moral formation. The research was located within the specific context of a qualitative interpretivist study. A phenomenological research design was used to highlight how these young people construct their personal identities rooted in their unique value and moral structures. The criteria used to choose the participants included pre-adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14 who lived alone without parental care or who were left alone for long periods during the day. The selected participants were young people who were daily exposed to adverse conditions and who had to make real life choices. Data on how these pre-adolescents viewed their situation were collected using stick figures, collages, drawings and observations, followed by in-depth individual and focus group interviews and discussions on moral dilemmas. The aim of interviewing the young people personally was to explore their own views of the realities of their lived experiences and how they perceived the world around them. From the empirical evidence and the theories studied a number of significant themes emerged that indicated a strong need for emotional and social support, besides their obvious material needs. The major themes were (1) family and community, (2) emotional needs, (3) financial and material needs, (4) protection and security, (5) moral choices and needs, (6) education and (7) religion. The findings of the study revealed that individuals progress through various stages of moral growth and development as they grow from childhood to adulthood, and that children are not born with an innate moral or value system. These have to be taught through the process of socialisation whereby they learn social values, morals, attitudes and expectations as these are communicated from one person to another. The findings also showed that these young people are able to act in a caring, concerned, altruistic and resilient manner, just as much as they are able to act in a destructive manner. These young people are as able to do good just as they are able to do bad things. They have a strong sense of moral rightness and wrongness and the values that underpin morality. It showed that even when their basic human needs are unmet they can still make choices that reflect good moral values. They have the capacity to transcend themselves and to make radical change in their personal lives and in turn contribute to the well being of a better society. Since this was an exploratory study of specific marginalised young people in a particular environment which focused more on pre-adolescents’ espoused theory and how they would act if faced by moral dilemmas, it suggests the need for further exploration and research on the theory in action by studying the reasons why preadolescents engage in at-risk behaviour. SEPEDI : Thuto ye e hlohlomiša ponagalo e kgolô ya baswa bofalalelong bjo e sego bja tlwaelo, gomme ya hlohletša ka moo dinyakwa le dihlokwa di tutueditšego popego ya metheo le setho. Nyakišišo ye e ile ya ela khwalithi ya seo se nyakišiswago tlhoko. Go somišitšwe moakanyetšo wa phatišišoponagalo go tšweletša ka fao baswa ba bopago boitšhupo bjo bo letšego popegong ya mehola le boitshwaro bja bona. Kêlo ye e šomišitšwego e aparetše baswa gare ga mengwaga ye 10 go iša go 14; bao ba phelago ba le tee, go se na tlhokomelo ya batswadi goba bao ba tlogelwago ba le tee nako ye telele mosegare. Batšeakarolo be e le baswa bao ba bego ba lebanwe ke maemo a šoro gomme ba swanetse go ikethela tsela. Data ya ka moo baswa bao ba lebelelago maemo a bona, e ile ya kgoboketšwa go šomišwa diphata, dibopego tšeo di gomareditšwego, dithalwa le temogo ye e latelwago ke poledišano le mongwe le mongwe, goba sehlopha ka ga mathata a boitshwaro. Maikemišetšo a poledisano le baswa ke go nyakišiša dikgopolo tša bona ka ga bonnete bja maitemogelo, le ka moo ba bonago lefase. Go tšwa bohlatseng bja boitekelo bjo, le go teori tše di nyakišitšwego, go bonagetše nyakego ya thekgo ya khuduego le leago, gape le tša dinyakwa tša bophelo. Dintlhakgolo di bile (1) lapa le tikologoleago (2) dinyakwa tša moya (3) dinyakwa tša tšhelele le didirišwa (4) tšhireletšo le potego (go lotega) (5) boitshwaro le dihlokwa (6) thuto (7) bodumedi. Dikhwetšo tša thuto ye di utollotše gore mongwe le mongwe o tšwelela dikgatong tše mmalwa tša kgolô ya boitshwaro le tšweletšopele ge ba ntše ba gola go tšwa bjaneng go ya bogolong; le gore bana ga ba belegwe ba na le mokgwa wa maitshwaro wa tlhago. Tšeo di rutwa ka tsela ya phedišano; ka fao ba ithute kagišano, maitshwaro bjale ka ge di hlagiswa ke batho ba bangwe. Khumano e laeditse gape gore baswa ba kgona go hlokomela, ba amege, ba be le phanô, gape ba itshware ka tsela ye e sa swanelago. Baswa ba kgono dira botse, ba fetoge ba dire bobe. Ba na le moya wa setho le moya wa tshenyo; gape le theô ye e laetšago maitshwaro a botse. E bontšhitse le gore, le ge dinyakwa tša bona di sa kgotšofatswe, ba kgono kgetha ba laetše maitshwaro a mabotse. Ba na le maatla a go feta mathateng, ba fetole maphelo a bona gomme ba be le kabelo go kaonafatša tikologoleago. Ka ge se e bego e le fela thutotlhotlhomišo ya baswa bao ba lego mellwaneng ya bophelo tikologong e itšego, gomme ya ikamanya fela go teori ya baswa le ka moo batla itshwarago, ge ba lebanwe le mathata a setho, e laetša nyako ya tlhotlhomišo e tseneletšego, e tšwelago pele ka nyakišišo ya teori ye ka go ithuta mabaka ao a dirago maitshwaro a.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Education Management and Policy Studies
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Theron, M., E. Albertse, UE MacIntyre, IC Kleynhans, and A. Ammisah. "Inadequate dietary intake is not the cause of stunting amongst young children living in an informal settlement in Gauteng and rural Limpopo Province in South Africa: the NutriGro study." Public Health Nutrition, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001428.
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Abstract
Objective: To measure dietary intakes of young children aged 12–24 months and to
determine the impact of poor diets on stunting.
Design: A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was adapted, tested and
standardised. Trained enumerators conducted in-depth interviews with the
mothers/caregivers of the children. Forty stunted children in urban informal
settlements and 30 stunted children in rural areas were selected and pair-matched
with controls. The data were captured on the Food Finder Program of the Medical
Research Council.
Results: In both urban and rural areas, the diet of stunted and non-stunted groups did
differ significantly and all diets were of poor nutritional quality.
Conclusion: Diets in both areas resembled the recommended prudent diet, i.e. low in
fat and high in carbohydrates. Poor quality diets were not the primary cause of stunting.
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Nwankama, Nwankama Wosu. "The use of outdoor spaces in an informal settlement in Metropolitan Aba /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69778.
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In spite of its spontaneous and improvised character, the informal sector has provided virtually the only appropriate housing, in terms of the organization of the outdoor space, for the urban poor of the developing countries. Through an analysis of the outdoor spaces in Eziukwu-Aba, a low-income and informal settlement in Aba, Nigeria, this thesis investigates the organization and mode of use of outdoor spaces, in relation to the day-to-day activities of the urban poor. It focuses on the patterns of outdoor spaces, the categories of activities found in them and the periods of time of the occurrence of the activities.The findings of this study are compared with those of earlier studies, and the broader implications of these findings on contemporary low-income urban housing in the developing countries are briefly outlined. This study posits that for the urban low-income group of the developing countries, (a) usable space takes precedence over aesthetics and permanence and (b) housing and environmental quality in terms of construction standards are of little significance, compared with employment.
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Setiawan, Bakti. "Local dynamics in informal settlement development : a case study of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq34625.pdf.
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Mbathi, Musyimi. "Integrating geo-information tools in informal settlement upgrading processes in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1394.
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The continuing existence of informal settlements within the cities of developing countries presents a threat to development objectives. To address challenges existing within informal settlements, upgrading and planning approaches have integrated technology-based tools, such as Geographic Information Systems, to quantify, visualise and provide information that can support decision-making processes. The integration of Geo-Information (GI) tools in upgrading processes is seen to provide the necessary information that city planners need to take action on informal settlements. However, there is as yet no appropriate framework for the integration of these tools within the upgrading processes. The primary focus in upgrading settlements is the improvement of living conditions through addressing existing environmental challenges, with the active participation of their respective communities. Planning processes have adopted inclusive approaches which are geared towards getting all actors, including communities, involved in decision-making and planning for interventions. GI tools offer a platform for better information, thereby enabling communities especially to participate effectively in the planning and management of new infrastructure, as well as settlement upgrading. This study therefore proposes a responsive and inclusive framework for the integration of GI tools in upgrading processes. The study was carried out in three informal settlements within Nairobi City, Kenya. Using a range of qualitative methods, the study critically examines the participation by respective stakeholders, especially communities, and how the GI tools have been used to address existing challenges within the settlements. The discussion and analysis is divided into three themes: 1) the process 2) the participation 3) addressing the challenges. It shows that owing to the GI tools, enhanced participation and subsequent empowerment of communities at various levels of upgrading took place. However, certain barriers still exist. The intrinsic challenges that abound in social, cultural and political landscapes continue to hinder low-income communities from achieving high-level participation in upgrading.
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Van, Staden Jan-Willem. "The sustainability of current housing strategies with specific reference to informal settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52028.
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Assignment (MA ) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Informal settlements are a common feature of the urban landscape in contemporary South Africa and constitute one of the biggest challenges to urban planning and management at present. The political and legislative changes over the past decade have altered the approach to the management of informal settlements. This study starts out by examining the global trends and theory of urbanization, with special focus on the Third World. The various legal and policy frameworks relating to informal settlement and housing, as well as the implications thereof on urban management, are also examined. The assignment then proceeds to analyze the applicability and effectiveness of structured, formalized planning with regard to the management of informal settlement. The said analysis is followed by recommendations for the management of informal settlement, based on the preceding chapters. These recommendations suggest the following: Planners and authorities should be more proactive m planning for informal settlements. The applicability of individualized services should be reconsidered due to affordability and the inability of individualized facilities to cater for high levels of immigration. The study finally exanunes current strategies employed within the Cape Metropolitan Area, with special reference to the "Fast Tracking" process applied by the Helderberg Municipality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: lnformele nedersettings is 'n algemene gesig in die stedelike landskap van Suid-Afrika en is tans een van die grootste uitdagings in die veld van beplanning. Die politieke en wetlike veranderinge oor die afgelope dekade het groot veranderinge in die benadering en bestuur van inforrnele vestiging tot gevolg gehad. Die werkstuk begin deur die huidige globale neigings en teoriee oor verstedeliking aan te spreek, met spesifieke verwysing na die Derde Wereld. Die verskeie wetlike- en beleidsraamwerke waarin inforrnele vestiging en behuising gereguleer word, asook die implikasies daarvan, word ook bestudeer. Die werkstuk analiseer ook vervolgens die toepaslikheid en effektiviteit van gestruktureerde en geforrnaliseerde beplanning ten opsigte van inforrnele vestiging. Die genoemde analise word gevolg deur sekere voorstelle wat gemaak word aangaande die bestuur van inforrnele vestiging. Hierdie voorstelle sluit die volgende in: Beplanners en owerhede moet meer pro-aktief wees ten opsigte van bestuur en beplanning van inforrnele vestiging Die toepaslikheid van dienste, wat fokus op individuele huishoudings, moet heroorweeg word aangesien dit onbekostigbaar vir beide verbruiker en verskaffer kan wees. Hierdie dienste is ook rue in staat om die invloei van mense te hanteer soos gemeenskaplike dienste nie. Laastens word sekere van die strategiee wat aangewend word in die Kaapse Metropolitiaanse Area ten opsigte van die bestuur van informele vestiging ook bestudeer, met spesifieke verwysing na die "Fast Tracking" proses soos aangewend deur die Helderberg Munisipaliteit.
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El-Dorghamy, Ahmed. "Children's potential mobility and appropriation of transport options in an informal settlement." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19549.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die tatsächliche und potenzielle Mobilität von Kindern aus einer informellen Siedlungsstruktur in einer Megacity des globalen Südens am Fall Ezbet El-Hagganas im Großraum Kairos; die Entwicklung von Mobilitätsgewohnheiten in der Kindheitsphase und bezieht sich dabei nicht nur auf Kinder als Nutzer, sondern berücksichtigt zudem deren unmittelbares soziales Umfeld und den gesamtgesellschaftlichen Kontext.
Der theoretische Rahmen für die Untersuchung der Mobilität von Kindern basiert auf Icek Ajzens Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens sowie auf Vincent Kaufmanns Konzeptualisierung des Motilitätsbegriffes. Primärdaten wurden in einer Feldstudie und in Fokusgruppen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse deuteten auf eine hohe Prävalenz der unabhängigen Mobilität von Kindern (child independent mobility, CIM) auf deren am häufigsten zu bewältigenden Strecke (zur Schule) hin, zunächst durch nicht motorisierte Formen der Verkehrsteilnahme, aber weitgehend auch mit Hilfe von verschiedenen formellen wie informellen Nahverkehrsmitteln. Es wurden sozio-kulturelle und sozialpsychologische Einflussfaktoren seitens sowohl Kindern als auch ihren Eltern identifiziert, die die Verkehrsteilnahme von Kindern hemmen oder befördern können. Gleichermaßen wurden hemmende Faktoren untersucht. Die Akzeptanz des Radfahrens von Kindern wurde als Fallbeispiel für unerschlossenes Mobilitätspotenzial untersucht und deutet auf die Prävalenz sozialpsychologischer Faktoren hin, die Entscheidungsfaktoren rationaler und praktischer Natur entgegenstehen und die die Verkehrsmittelnutzung von Kindern mindern; hier benannt als Nutzungslücke (appropriation gap). Die Ergebnisse wurden schließlich in Zusammenhang mit dem Konzept der Verkehrsteilnahme gestellt und erlauben die Diskussion von Implikationen für die politische Ebene und für den Diskurs von Mobilität in benachteiligten Gruppen der Gesellschaft.This study investigates the nature of children's actual and potential mobility in a case study of an informal settlement in a megacity of a developing country; namely Ezbet El-Haggana in Greater Cairo and explores the nature of the childhood phase of developing mobility practices and habits, not only as enabled by children themselves as commuters, but also as enabled by parents and the surrounding community and society. A theoretical framework was constructed through which children's mobility is investigated. It is based on Icek Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior and Vincent Kaufmann's conceptualization of Motility. The data was primarily collected through a field survey and focus groups. Results indicated high prevalence of child independent mobility (CIM) in the most frequent trip (to school), not only through active transport but also largely through different formal and informal transport services available. There are socio-cultural and socio-psychological factors among both the parents and the children that constitute the appropriation of mobility options that cater to children, either enabling or inhibiting their mobility. Through the experiences of children's mobility, the acquired skills and adaptive attitudes by both children and parents enhance children's potential mobility compared to children in wealthier communities that may be granted less mobility rights or have less competences among other factors. Inhibiting factors were also investigated; the specific case of acceptance of cycling for children. This exemplified prevalence of socio-psychological factors that overshadow practical and rational aspects of choice; it is articulated here as an appropriation gap. Results were finally associated with the conceptualization of appropriation to discuss implications for policy and for the discourses of mobility in disadvantaged communities.
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Mgwebi, Alicia Zoliswa. "Effects of poor solid waste management on sustainable development in informal settlement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021135.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of poor solid waste disposal on a sustainable environment/development in the Mzamomhle urban informal settlement. According to Coffey & Coad, (2010) informal or squatter urban communities pay no municipal taxes, because of their informal status, and this fact has often been used as the principal argument against providing these communities with municipal services.
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Sietchiping, Remy. "A geographic information systems and cellular automata-based model of informal settlement growth /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000592.
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Ehebrecht, Daniel. "The challenge of informal settlement upgrading : Breaking new ground in Hangberg, Cape Town?" Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7123/.
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Despite its many challenges and limitations the concept of in situ upgrading of informal settlements has become one of the most favoured approaches to the housing crisis in the ‘Global South’. Due to its inherent principles of incremental in situ development, prevention of relocations, protection of local livelihoods and democratic participation and cooperation, this approach is often perceived to be more sustainable than other housing approaches that often rely on quantitative housing delivery and top down planning methodologies. While this study does not question the benefits of the in situ upgrading approach, it seeks to identify problems of its practical implementation within a specific national and local context. The study discusses the origin and importance of this approach on the basis of a review of international housing policy development and analyses the broader political and social context of the incorporation of this approach into South African housing policy. It further uses insights from a recent case study in Cape Town to determine complications and conflicts that can arise when applying in situ upgrading of informal settlements in a complex local context. On that basis benefits and limitations of the in situ upgrading approach are specified and prerequisites for its successful implementation formulated.Trotz vieler Herausforderungen und Beschränkungen gilt das Konzept des in situ upgrading informeller Siedlungen als eine der wichtigsten Herangehensweisen an die Wohnraumkrise im „globalen Süden“. Aufgrund seiner immanenten Prinzipien einer schrittweisen Entwicklung an Ort und Stelle, der Vermeidung von Umsiedlungen, dem Erhalt lokaler Existenzgrundlagen sowie demokratischer Beteiligung und Kooperation, wird oftmals angenommen, dass diese Herangehensweise nachhaltiger ist, als eine quantitativ ausgerichtete Wohnraumversorgung und Top-Down-Planungsansätze. Während diese Studie die Vorteile des in situ upgrading nicht in Frage stellt, zielt sie darauf ab, Probleme der praktischen Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes in einem spezifischen nationalen und lokalen Kontext zu identifizieren. Die Studie diskutiert die Herkunft und die Bedeutung des in situ upgrading auf der Grundlage einer Rückschau auf die Entwicklung internationaler Wohnraumpolitik und analysiert den politischen und sozialen Kontext der Einbettung dieses Ansatzes in die südafrikanische Wohnraumpolitik. Darüber hinaus macht sie sich Einblicke einer kürzlich durchgeführten Fallstudie in Kapstadt zunutze, um Probleme und Konflikte zu erfassen, die bei der Umsetzung des in situ upgrading in einem komplexen lokalen Kontext entstehen können. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Vorteile wie auch die Beschränkungen des in situ upgrading näher spezifiziert und zentrale Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Konzeptes formuliert.
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Tjonga, Lorence U. "An evaluation of the challenges facing MSMEs in the informal settlement of Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32108.
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Gatabaki-Kamau, Rose. "The politics of an expanding informal housing submarket in Nairobi, Kenya : the informal development of a middle-income settlement, 1961-1993." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674923.
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Ntshobane, Zephania Zingqi Zongamele. "The experiences, challenges, motivations and coping strategies of informal caregivers in a Grahamstown township." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013171.
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The health care system in South Africa is currently under strain and it does not cater for everyone's needs. This has left a gap in society whereby you will find that the poor citizens of the country are not being catered for in terms of getting access to adequate healthcare. With this existing gap, there are Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in some of the poor communities in the country. These NGOs have volunteer caregivers who go around the community and taking care of the sick people. Research has often ignored these volunteer caregivers, this current research study investigated the experiences of these volunteer caregivers. The goals of the research study were to investigate the experiences of the caregiver, the motivations of the caregivers and the challenges that they encounter and how they cope with the challenges that arise while performing their caregiving duties. The study was based on the phenomenological paradigm. This paradigm believes that the subjective experience of the individual is an essential source of information. In-depth interviews were conducted with the four participants who took part in the study. An interview guide was utilised to help guide the interview process. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used in analysing the data. IPA is a way of analysing data, which investigates how a person, in a given setting understands an experience. The findings showed that the caregivers had both negative and positive experiences. They experienced the care recipients as being appreciative of them. However, they experienced the family members of the care recipients as being uncaring; financial constraints were also a negative experience. Several challenges were stated by the participants, including a lack of government support, alcohol abuse by the care recipients and challenging working conditions. The participants were motivated to volunteer as caregivers by a number of things. Altruistic motivation was the first, which included the love for the community and the poverty in the community. Reciprocity was another motivating factor, as well as religious duty and career advancement. In this research study there was one coping strategy that came out; the participants stated that they seek advice and consult with someone or go for supervision within the organization when they are faced with a difficult situation. The findings in the research study were similar to those found in previous research. One notably different finding was that in previous research, the caregivers have been found to abuse alcohol in order to cope with stress. However, in this research study, the care recipients are the ones who are abusing alcohol. The research recommends that the government assists the informal caregivers, either financially or with infrastructure.
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Pacheco, Diogo Filipe Neto. "Assentamento industrial informal - um outro olhar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19079.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Dos prazerosos campos periféricos explorados por casas senhoriais e ordens religiosas à sua progressiva ocupação industrial, permanecem expectantes nos tecidos da cidade galgada colina abaixo, colina acima, interstícios urbanos cercados por um skyline, quase sempre povoado de edifícios díspares em escalas e épocas, como é notório no Vale de Santo António, contexto de análise e intervenção do presente trabalho. No alto do antigo vale escuro que desce serpenteante da Graça ao Tejo, um assentamento industrial informal, desvenda um fenómeno cravado nos muros e nas pessoas que habitam em redor dos terrenos em tempos espontaneamente ocupados e cultivados junto dos núcleos industriais onde trabalhavam. Pulsante, propõe-se operar cirurgicamente este coração de vivência informal de forma a afirmar a sua organicidade neste senescente território que se almeja revitalizado e integrado na heterogénea cidade.Assim, incorporados no conjunto, intenta-se a criação de uma Casa como edifício ordinário e de um Equipamento Comunitário como extraordinário, ocupados por cheios e vazios mutáveis do ponto de vista sincrónico e diacrónico que não só respondam às necessidades da sociedade contemporânea relativas ao habitar e sociabilizar, mas também enfatizem com um outro olhar crítico e interpretativo os (pre)conceitos identitários face aos bairros informais e precários transversais ao tempo e ao espaço.
From the joyful countryside exploited by manor-houses and religious orders to the progressive industrial occupation, it remains expectant in the city fabrics, uphill, downhill, urban interstices surrounded by a skyline, always populated with disparate buildings, scale and epoch wise, as it is noticeable in Santo António valley, context of analysis and intervention of the present work. From the top of the old dark valley, which meandering descends from Graça to Tagus, an informal industrial settlement unveils a phenomenon embedded on the walls, such as on those who lives around the sites where once before were spontaneously occupied and farmed by the industrial working areas. Pulsating, it is here proposed to surgically operate this heart of informal living in order to assert its organicity in this senescent territory which craves to become revitalized and integrated in the heterogeneous city.Therefore, incorporated into the whole, IX it is of intention to create a House as an ordinary building, as well as a Community Equipment as an extraordinary one, occupied by mutable filleds and voids, from a synchronic and diachronic point of view which not only respond to the needs of the contemporary society regarding dwelling and socialize, but also emphasize with another critical and interpretive point of view the (pre)identity concepts vis-a-vis the informal and precarious neighborhoods transversal to time and space.
N/A
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Stankovic, Filip. "The impact of post-socialism on informal settlements in Belgrade." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276974.
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After the fall of communism in Eastern and Southeastern Europe in 1989 the countries that had been under socialist rule underwent a process of political, economical and social reforms and changes. These changes also had a major impact on the process of urban planning; creating a disruption in previously held planning ideas and patterns and causing a brake with the former planning system. In this context new approaches to planning arose, as did new challenges and problems, such as the phenomenon of informal and unplanned settlements. This study seeks to give some answers to the origins and causes of the development of informal settlements in Belgrade as well as inquiring how planning authorities are currently dealing with the problem in light of the large-scale new construction project Belgrade Waterfront. The data was collected using an inductive, qualitative approach through interviews, observations and by examining secondary sources on the topic. The results indicate a city still struggling with finding a functional planning system, scarred by wars, sanctions and an ongoing refugee crisis and with a government that too often prioritizes grand building projects over meeting the needs of its citizens.
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Bhanjee, Tariq. "Upgrading an informal settlement the role of tenure security in Mahaiyawa, Kandy, Sri Lanka /." [Vancouver, British Columbia] : School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/318361971.html.
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Hiltunen, Anssi. "Waste, livelihoods and governance in Nairobi, Kenya : A case study in Kibera informal settlement." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42467.
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This paper analyses the solid waste management (SWM) process in Nairobi, Kenya and studies the roles and actions of the actors involved in this process, putting emphasis on the role of informal actors and their relationship with the city authorities. Based on semistructured interviews and participant observation conducted on the field in Nairobi, Kenya, the results of this paper suggest that the role of informal waste collectors in the Kibera settlement is essential. In most parts of Kibera, the municipal SWM seems to be non-existent. Thus the collection and transport is often carried out by informal waste collector groups. Furthermore, the relationship between informal actors and authorities is highly complex and ambivalent. The local authorities claim to have acknowledged the important role of the informal actors; however the latter are more or less neglected by the NCC in the overall solid waste management sector.
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Lau, Yuen-yee Judy, and 劉婉儀. "The city paradox: to integrate informal settlement community into urban context with sustainable landscapeintervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47543851.
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Siame, Gilbert. "The institutional dynamics of participatory slum-upgrading processes: the case of Langrug informal settlement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7516.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1990s, South Africa has faced a high rate of urbanization and increasing formation of informal settlements. However, the focus of urban planning has not changed to accommodate new urban trends. The current dominant practice of urban planning, still rooted in the global North realism, reflects an increasing discord between current approaches and growing problems of poverty, inequality, informality, rapid urbanisation and socio-spatial fragmentation. Traditional urban planning approaches and state-led direct settlement interventions have arguably served to exclude the urban poor with a marked failure to sustainably address the problem of informal settlements. This research examines the case of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, and argues that the concept of coproduction is an alternative dynamic model that could be used to achieve inclusive and sustainable urban environments. Re-organising institutional relationships would arguably lead to a more successful service production approach and engagement between the state and the urban poor. I use the lens of coproduction to assess partnership-based in-situ community-driven informal settlement interventions. The research uses the Langrug informal settlement upgrading programme as a case study to analyse the institutional arrangements and to examine power relations in a context-specific coproduction process. The research uses semi-structured interviews, field observations and secondary data to examine the nature of the partnership, institutional relations, scope and approach of the Langrug upgrade programme. The study concludes that the Langrug upgrade programme depicts a typical coproduction arrangement where many institutions are collaborating to improve the living conditions of the urban poor in Langrug. Further, the study establishes that the success of this partnership depends on on-going effective management of power and institutional dynamics and low-level conflicts. The study recommends that the Slum Dwellers International (SDI) alliance needs to build stronger grassroots structures in Stellenbosch to increase local capacity in community mobilisation and advocacy. Besides the need to incorporate the media, the partnership must improve the communication system among partners and stakeholders to avoid mistrust and ensure productive state-society engagement. Finally, more comparative case research needs to be done to consolidate arguments on the concept of coproduction vis-à-vis planning practice in the global South.
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Mitchell, Hylton. "Information and communication techologies and the urban transformation of South African informal settlement communities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13759.
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The paper explores the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) practices of the Social Justice Coalition (SJC), a grassroots community based organisation working with informal settlement communities in Khayelitsha, a largely informal neighbourhood on the south-eastern fringes of Cape Town, South Africa. The study focuses on SJC’s advocacy work in the delivery of ‘decent sanitation’ to informal settlement residents. This has been an explosive political issue for a number of years now. Many communities within Khayelitsha rely on communal toilets for sanitation, and the maintenance thereof has left much to be desired. Within the larger theme of digital activism, three main research areas were identified and explored: the appropriation of ICTs by the SJC’s field staff, the use of their Web 2.0 based social networking sites (SNS) in their advocacy work and digital mapping of portable communal toilets in the RR Section of Khayelitsha. The research interrogates the use of ICT as a strategic tool for knowledge-based community empowerment, with the aim of understanding how these emerging uses of technology could assist urban transformation work within this sprawling area. The research emphasizes the roles of various actors, the roles played by different technologies and the relations between technology and people. The emphasis on agency reveals that technology is not enough to augment empowerment processes. Technology-organisational relations are enmeshed within an institutional frame, where the enrollment of technology as actor, requires a repositioning of network relations, in order for it to fulfill its potential as an empowerment tool.
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Monyebodi, Monyaku. "The challenge of formalising the local economy : South African township retail industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81686.
Full textAbstract:
After more than two decades of democracy, South Africa is still faced with challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. The informal sector is one that presents opportunities for making a positive contribution towards solving social problems that South Africa is faced with. While the informal sector is large and offers flexibility in employment, it is associated with low productivity and poor governance as traders in the informal sector are not obliged to register their businesses and therefore cannot make tax contributions. The lack of formalisation of the informal sector not only impacts the government for not being able to account for the sector, but it also creates barriers for those trading in the sector. The study adopted qualitative research methods to gain insights into describing and exploring the meaning research participants use to construct and interpret their world of reality, such as formalising the informal sector to stimulate economic growth in South African Townships. A total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with business owners in the retail informal sector, managers of big corporates in retail in the formal sector and government employees from various departments who were represented by those in relevant positions such as directors, heads of departments, regional and board members. Interviews were analysed by means of thematic analysis.
The key findings from literature indicated that the informal sector is broad and there is no one definition of the informal sector. It was also established that there is a direct relationship that exists between the state and the informal sector, however there is an indirect relationship that exists between the formal and informal sector as further explained in institutional and stakeholder theory. The lack of development in the informal sector can be attributed to the non-existence of policies to guide and regulate the existence of the informal sector. The insights shared from the interviews pointed to the applicability of the proposed model in terms of formalising the informal sector.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Stewart, Jackie. "Space and survival : the aftermath of a fire disaster in a Cape Town informal settlement." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/906.
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Shipman, Helen R. "Exploring local understandings of child sexual abuse : voices from an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31552/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the emergence of the global child rights movement in the late 1990s, there has been a notable increase in research and policy focusing on child sexual abuse (CSA) in African settings (Mildred & Plummer, 2009). My thesis contributes to this field by using a case study approach to examine how residents of an informal settlement define and respond to CSA. Studies in Tanzanian settings have started to explore communities’ perceptions of CSA (Abeid, Muganyizi, Olsson, Darj, & Axemo, 2014; Kisanga, Nystrom, Hogan, & Emmelin, 2011). However, the thesis moves beyond questioning what types of sexual acts are understood to constitute CSA, instead asking why some acts are considered abusive and others not. Recognizing the culturally constructed nature of abuse, it examines how living within the informal settlement context affects residents’ understandings of two prominent themes: consent and harm. The thesis also examines local protective mechanisms for preventing and responding to acts of CSA. When considering CSA prevention, it notes that local prevention strategies typically utilize a risk avoidance approach; there is consequently inadequate emphasis on addressing social, economic and infrastructural factors perpetuating the risk of CSA within informal settlements. Moreover, in a research setting where statutory and community-based normative frameworks co-exist, the thesis analyses the impact of legal pluralism on decision-making relating to access to justice. Drawing on Moore’s (1973) concept of semi-autonomous social fields, it argues that the co-existence of multiple systems allows for a high level of choice over which interventions to pursue. However, adults typically make decisions on victims’ behalf, potentially choosing interventions that meet their own interests, rather than prioritizing the child’s. The choice offered by co-existing normative systems can therefore disadvantage victims of CSA in their pursuit of justice.
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Daniels, Roger Hubert. "Spatio-temporal modelling of informal settlement growth using a hybrid GIS and CA-Markov model." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33691.
Full textAbstract:
The permanency and scale of informal settlement growth across the City of Cape Town cannot be promptly understood using the existing stock of human settlement planning tools and mapping techniques because the morphological patterns of informality are characterised by the complex commingling of multiple social and economic conditions, transactions, events and norms (Lejano and Del Bianco, 2018:203). In this research study, it is argued that a key focus area for future human settlement policy development should be fixed on establishing a greater understanding of the prevailing dispositions relating to how past and future morphological processes of informal settlements evolve. Towards acquiring this understanding, the research study develops a hybrid GIS and Cellular Automata Markov model, to simulate the future spatio-temporal growth of informal settlements in the City of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa from 2011 to 2051. To simulate growth, a raster-based model was operationalized using a Computer Simulation Package called TerrSet. The model inputs were determined by means of an online survey with various experts, and 13 model drivers were identified. These drivers were populated utilising, census data and other locational data for 2001 and 2011, sourced from Statistics South Africa and the City of Cape Town's Corporate GIS unit. This hybrid model was calibrated, by altering the size of the input grid cells and comparing the projected outputs with the actual 2018 land use dataset. To simulate growth, the calibrated hybrid model uses: Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network modelling components to determine a transitional probability map; Transitional probability matrix to determine the transitional rules for vacant-to-informal land use conversion; Markov Chain component to allocate the amount of future vacant-to-informal land use changes; and Cellular Automata to enable the spatial representation of vacant-to-informal grid cell changes. This model presents a novel approach for simulating informal settlement, and weighs in on the fragmented scientific debates in the field of (dynamic) hybrid spatial process modelling. Based on the simulation results, the main findings conclude that: drivers related to the location of informal dwelling structures, no access to piped water and high unemployment have the biggest effect on model accuracy; by 2031 the morphological patterns of informal settlement growth will begin to shift affecting additional lower to middle class communities located along the Cape Flats; and between 2031 and 2051 the location of informal settlements will move from the peri-urban regions into the urban regions of the Metropolitan.
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Nkambule, Mbongiseni Emmanuel Nathi. "Visual assessment as a research tool for solving spatial problems in Khutsong Section informal settlement." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56096.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa there are many informal settlements experiencing
worsening socio-economic living conditions, along
with associated environmental and urban open space degradation.
These socio-spatial problems have increasingly attracted
attention and responses from the South African government
and researchers. Urban designers and architects as
design professionals can make use of their visual-spatial skills
to play a leading role towards developing sustainable and
enabling urban open spaces in informal settlements. This
study employed visual assessment as a tool for urban designers
and architects to address socio-spatial problems in informal
settlements. A visual research methodology was explored,
using Khutsong Section informal settlement as a vehicle so
as to formulate a generalised approach to the upgrading of
informal settlements. The study area, Khutsong Section, is
located in Ivory Park township within the City of Johannesburg.
The visual-spatial design process gained from the context
of the study, visual analysis and interpretation of precedents
as well as the analysis and understanding of the study
area. The context-informed and -driven urban open space
design process resulted in an integrative and consolidated
spatial solution for Khutsong Section. The understanding obtained
of specific socio-economic activities imbedded in prevailing
spatial elements and features in informal settlements
has a broader applicability in the urban design and architecture
professions. Therefore, the application of the visual research
method in this study contributes towards positioning
urban designers and architects to be visionaries and pioneers
in the sustainable upgrading of informal settlements.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Architecture
PhD
Unrestricted
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Fell, Jessica. "An analysis of surface water from an informal settlement, Langrug, Franschhoek: down a slippery slope." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27894.
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Contaminated surface water from limited sanitation and drainage systems in informal settlements degrades receiving rivers. However, little is known about the water quality and flow of rivers draining informally settled catchments. This study explores the dynamics of a human water system in an informally settled catchment in the present, and then uses these insights to investigate possible trajectories in the future. The objectives are twofold: (i) to characterise the water quality and flow of a river draining an informally settled catchment in Franschhoek, South Africa, and, (ii) to investigate the hydrologic and water quality effects of future land use and climate changes in the catchment. River water samples were collected during dry days for four months and over five rainfall events. Highly elevated concentrations of NH₃-N (8.4 ± 5.2mg/L), PO₄³⁻ (5.9 ± 7.4mg/L) and TSS (135 ± 124mg/L) were recorded in the informal settlement. Correlation analyses between land use types and water quality showed significant relationships between informal settlement and NH₃-N, PO₄³⁻, DO, EC and TSS. Multiple regression models investigated six hypothetical land use changes scenarios and indicated that if informal settlement and built-up area doubled in size, there would be an increase in the concentration of NH₃-N by 83%, PO₄³⁻ by 85% and TSS by 86%. During the rainfall events multiple NH₃-N, PO₄³⁻, TSS concentration peaks were observed, with concentrations peaking at 3.5mg/L, 6.6mg/L and 1868mg/L respectively. Various significant correlations between lagged rainfall and pollutant concentrations revealed that rainfall caused an increase in NH₃-N, PO₄³⁻ and TSS after one hour, while NO₃⁻-N and DO responded to rainfall after two hours and flow after three hours. Multiple regression models explored two hypothetical climate change scenarios involving an increase in the 10 and 20 year design rainfall depth. The models demonstrated that if the rainfall depth of a 20 year rainfall event increased by 15%, there would be an increase in peak concentration of NH₃-N by 17% and PO₄³⁻ by 15%, a decrease in DO by 21%, and an increase in peak flow by 21%. The results reveal the pervasive impacts of the informal settlement on river water quality, especially as regards nutrient contamination from wastewater. The land use and climate change scenarios serve as a warning of the long term consequences of inevitable land use and climate changes in informal settlements.
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Yirenkyi, Samuel Yaw. "Conceptual design of a GIS-based land inventory model for urban informal settlement land management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4978.
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Thirkell, Allyson. "The informal land market in Cebu City, the Philippines : accessibility, settlement development and residential segregation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2448/.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of the thesis is to explore the nature of informal land development in Cebu City, the Philippines, and to evaluate the impacts on shelter, particularly among the urban poor. More specific objectives are to examine who gains access to informal land, how the process of informal land alienation and turnover occurs, and which actors are involved in informal land delivery. The research uses primary data from 243 household interviews conducted in 5 informal settlements in urban Cebu to assess how informal land sales influence the socio-economic composition of settlements. The research also examines whether there is evidence of residential segregation among informal settlements according to income and the implications of this for urban settlement and levels of poverty. The research also draws on detailed interviews with 25 land agents to explore their roles in these processes. Similar to other studies the research acknowledges that informal lands are undergoing significant commercialisation, mainly because of the demand imposed on informal plots by high land prices in the formal market. This has made titled property unaffordable to the urban poor and a less attractive option to middle income groups. The research particularly highlights how the behaviour of middle income buyers in the informal land market creates bottlenecks in the supply of plots (by buying large plots for occupation, leaving purchased plots vacant and also accelerating plot prices through speculation, for example). In addition, since poorer residents are vulnerable to "crisis selling" of land and generally have a lower perception of plot value, they do not always receive a fair price for their plots, which reduces their ability to repurchase land at a later date. The research concludes that these processes exacebate residential segregation between households on the basis of income and has led to great disparities in settlement densities, infrastructure and service availability. The latter are vital issues for urban policy, social development and poverty considerations.
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Mseleku, Erasmus. "Guidelines for Integrated Flood Control Design in the Informal Settlements of Cape Town Municipality : A case study of Kosovo Informal Settlement in Philippi District." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298784.
Full textAbstract:
Flooding over the last few years has become the most frequent and devastating of the natural disasters. This has accounted for approximately half of the death-rate and a third of economic losses as a result of weather-related events. Though these flooding events affect many cities across the globe, it is often the less fortunate who are disproportionately impacted by such events. There are many factors as to why this is the unfortunate case, with a high number of the underprivileged urban population finding themselves living in informal settlements. These settlements are often developed on environmentally-fragile land on steep sites or floodplains and lack the adequate waste and drainage systems that control the flow of water, further aggravating the flood risk within these areas. These uneven hardships are no different to Cape Town metropolitan region. Flooding has become an annual recurrence for the city during the wet winter months between May and September, with the informal settlements in the Cape Flats low-lying area bearing the brunt of this impact. The research therefore aims to explore how integrated flood control design within urban development can contribute to creating social and environmental sustainable interventions for flood resilience in informal settlements within the Cape Town municipality. One of the most important findings was the strong relation between waste as one of the largest contributors to the flooding events in these settlements, which became a key driver for investigation within the research. Kosovo informal settlement is one of the hardest hit communities during Cape Town’s high rainfall winter seasons and will used as the case study area for the research. The objective of the study is to investigate the existing condition and the involved stakeholders to develop well thought design strategies and toolbox for the municipality, planners, and residents. The design strategies and toolbox provides mechanisms to rethink flood prevention measures by shifting from creating barriers [interrupt], to mechanisms that engage with floodwater [interact] within a case study area. This research has attempted to position the community at the centre. Community participation and collaboration with key stakeholders will allow the residents to contribute with their local knowledge, experience and voices, sharing their views on the design solutions that are required to be integrated into their spaces.
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Mere, Oniccah Monimang. "Geographical patterns and disasters management : case study of Alexandra Township / O.M. Mere." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10311.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the study is to explore Geographic patterns and Disasters Management
in the context of Alexandra Township situated in the Johannesburg Metro. The
research evaluates if the Disaster Management Unit in Johannesburg municipality is
prepared in terms of policies, community campaigns on flood disasters as well as
forming organizations that will assist in times of disaster. It also refers to other
South African townships with regard to where most affected townships are located,
how the community is affected and how the local government responds. Disaster
management infers preparedness for disaster; therefore, measures of preparation
from the local government need to be in place to reduce extreme losses, pro-active
policies should be in place to guide officials on how to manage disasters affecting
their areas. The South African local government as the third sphere of government is closest to the people and mostly responsible for the community’s wellbeing. It is for this reason that local governments should have a strategy on how to deal with disaster. Having experienced natural disaster incidents, most countries in the world have been compelled to develop legislations, disaster management and mitigation plans that guide them on how to prevent and respond to disasters. In view of a several unimagined disaster incidents in South Africa, the researcher maintains that the concept and practice of disaster management is rather new in South Africa, and many local governments do not have well-informed strategies to manage natural disasters. Unlimited rain caused by climate change, the position of residence and overpopulation can be major attributes to disasters hazards. Floods can easily flow into residential dwellings and destroy the property, not only that, but it can also result in the loss of lives and enhance the spread of diseases. It becomes more of tragedy as most people living in these areas are poor and have all their belongings in the same place which makes them even more vulnerable to disaster. The location of Stjwetla settlement along the Alexandra Township riverbanks becomes relevant at this point in case. The residents of Stjwetla are exposed to flood threats, they are very much aware of the risk associated with the low-lying geographical patterns, overpopulation and the riverbanks. However, they still occupy the disaster prone sites because they cannot afford elsewhere. Stjwetla is an illegal settlement where no one pays rent; there is a serious lack of basic municipal services such as water and electricity in the area. The residents claim to have arrived in this area simply because Johannesburg seems to offer informal job opportunities; therefore, they anticipate good opportunities in terms of employment. Most of them are from Limpopo province and have more than twenty years residing in Stjwetla, and are still unemployed. The community has formed rescue groups that help in times of regular disasters such as floods and fire. The rescue groups also mediate between the community and the northern Johannesburg municipal Disaster and Emergency Unit. The Disaster and Emergency Unit have formed good relations with the community
leaders for support and emergency response. Other organizations, for instance Red
Cross Society make regular input, by offering food and clothes to the people
affected. Red Cross Society and other organizations work together with the local
government to help Stjwetla residents deal better with disaster effects. However, the residents feel that other government departments, such as social development, health and housing must assist as well. Residents are of an idea that the disaster management unit alone cannot conquer the disaster risk in Stjwetla but social development should help with psychological therapy while health department should intervene to reduce long-term effects of injuries.M, Development and Management, Public Management and Administration, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Vujovic, Marnie. "The community police forum as an approach to crime prevention in the informal settlement of Stanza Bopape, Mamelodi Township." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6762.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.Crime hits the poor hardest since they are least able to cope with its consequences. In South Africa violent crime especially is increasing and in communities like Mamelodi, citizens are responding by taking the law into their own hands. Vigilantism proliferates necessitating police action and further straining a historically difficult community-police relationship which Community Police Forums (CPFs) aim to transform. This study looks at how residents of Stanza Bopape, an informal settlement in Mamelodi, organise themselves against crime. It considers the implications of this organisation for the CPF, a cornerstone of the Community Policing Model now enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, and examines ways in which the CPF can retain support and enhance its credibility within the community. The opportunity is provided for many different voices in the community to be heard so that diverse groups can participate in the ongoing quest for an effective strategy against crime.
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Mawela, Ailwei Solomon. "The level of environmental education awareness regarding water pollution-related diseases on children who live in the Stjwetla informal settlement adjacent to the Jukskei river in Alexandra." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3467.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Education is a foundation in strengthening learners and community awareness in all environmental issues, including water pollution-related diseases.
This study aimed at investigating the level of environmental education awareness on water pollution-related diseases by learners who live in the informal settlement. And lastly, if possible and feasible, to propose solutions to the perceived water pollution-related diseases found in this informal settlement adjacent to the Jukskei river in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg.
The research focused on the introduction of the dissertation in Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations of the research in Chapter 2 Research methodology in Chapter 3 Data analysis, interpretation and discussion in Chapter 4 Conclusions and recommendations in Chapter 5 The study provided various definitions of environment, Environmental Education, The goal, Aims & Objective, Classification & Outcomes, Environmental literacy; water pollution-related diseases, the integration of Environmental education in the RNCS & water pollution-related diseases awareness; Education for Sustainable
Development; and the relationship between the development of informal settlement and water pollution related diseases.
The outcomes of the investigation indicated that the level of environmental education awareness on water pollution –related diseases by learners at the informal settlement is less at primary level and partially increases at the high schools. In order to increase learners’ awareness on water pollution-related diseases across the curricula there should be an adequate integration of Environmental Education in the RNCS.Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Environmental Education)
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Nkoane, Adelaide. "Understanding informal settlements in South Africa: the waterworks informal settlement profile and responses." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29055.
Full textAbstract:
A Research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of the Built Environment in Housing, October 2019Understanding the proliferation of informal settlements in South Africa is significant because they have been a feature of our landscape for many years and will continue to be in the future in spite of the attention given to the issue of housing by the government through various housing delivery interventions. Studies have indicated that informal settlements provide shelter for a large number of people who are the poor urban dwellers. There are gaps in literature that demonstrate the distinction between informal settlements within the South African context, despite years of research conducted on informal settlements. The differentiation of informal settlements contests the homogeneity of informal settlements that fall into groupings and sub-categories that require targeted interventions specific to their contexts. The Housing Development Agency (HDA, 2012) “is mandated to assist organs of State with the upgrading of informal settlements”. One of its key activities is to profile informal settlements, particularly in mining towns, in order to understand the data “relating to the number of informal settlements, profile of residents, length of stay, aspirations, income groups, education status” (HDA, 2012:12). Using this set of distinctions, this research aimed to understand the characteristics, dynamics and nature of the Waterworks informal settlement and where it lies within the bigger narrative of informal settlements. It therefore investigated the settlement’s demographics, history, the reason for its existence, how it is understood by its residents, how it is understood in relation to scholarly articles and how it could be understood through government plans.
PH2020