Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Toxémie'
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Lassalle, Mariane. "Devenir de la pression artérielle après toxémie gravidique." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11238.
Full textRuter, Jean-Claude. "Complications de la toxémie gravidique et prise en charge en réanimation." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR2M119.
Full textChalabaev, Sabina. "Les protéines Hca chez la bactérie entomopathogène Photorhabdus luminescens : stress oxydant, toxémie et utilisation de l'acide cinnamique." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077150.
Full textPhotorhabdus luminescens, a bacterium close to Escherichia coli, is an insect pathogen and a nematode symbiont. Its genome is the bacterial genome containing the most toxin genes. Many toxins were characterized. However, neither their regulation, nor their role during infection is known. The regulatory protein HcaR modulates P. Luminescens virulence : disruption of the hcaR gene delays virulence in Bombyx mon and Spodoptera littoralis larvae, without affecting bacterial growth rate inside insect. By contrast, it decreases toxin production. Thus bacteriemia is not the only cause of insect death, and toxemia also plays an important role. Disruption of hcaR also decreases production of proteins of oxidative stress response, such as SodA. Disruption of sodA, and exposition to paraquat, decrease toxemia, thus showing a link between toxemia and oxidative stress. In E. Coli, HcaR activâtes synthesis of the Hca enzymes, involved in catabolism of cinnamic acid (ÇA). P. Luminescens is one of the two bacteria able to synthesize ÇA. ÇA is then used as a precursor of antibiotic 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST). Steps of formation of ST from ÇA are not known. Are the Hca enzymes involved in these steps ? Our results show that (1) the Hca enzymes are involved in ÇA utilisation in P. Luminescens, but (2) are not required for ST synthesis, and (3) ÇA is largely consumed via another pathway than the ST synthetic pathway. The Hca enzymes could be involved in this unknown pathway
Jam, Olivier. "Risque péri- et post-natal lié à la toxémie gravidique : éléments décisionnels d'extraction et devenir à court et moyen terme de 45 nouveau-nés de 35 semaines et moins d'âge gestationnel." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11093.
Full textDEVULDER, ANTOINE, and DIDIER GUERDOUX. "Le dosage de la BetaHCG plasmatique à 16 semaines d'aménorrhée pour le dépistage précoce de la toxémie gravidique." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M096.
Full textMichel, Eric. "Intérêt des marqueurs sériques maternels dans le dépistage de la toxémie et du retard de croissance intra-utérin." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M073.
Full textMatz-Westphal, Rachel. "Evolution des mécanismes de contrôle de la vasomotricité au cours du vieillissement et dans un modèle d'hypertension artérielle gravidique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13117.
Full textDoyen, Frédéric. "Aspirine et prévention de la toxémie gravidique : à propos de la comparaison de l'étude des Bazennes avec l'étude Epreda." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M078.
Full textBernard, Rémi. "Hellp syndrome : à propos de 4 cas pris en charge en réanimation." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M200.
Full textBretelle, Florence. "Pathologies vasculaires gravidiques : rôle de l'endothélium et de la réponse inflammatoire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20686.
Full textRoussillon, Emmanuel. "Importance de la thrombopénie dans la prise en charge du Hellp syndrome : à propos de 62 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23104.
Full textSubtil, Damien. "Evaluation de stratégies de réduction des complications vasculaires de la grossesse basées sur la prescription d'aspirine à faible dose chez les femmes enceintes nullipares." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T024.
Full textLe, Vacon Emmanuelle. "Hellp syndrome : facteurs de gravité." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M120.
Full textVinhas, Diogo Henrique da Silva. "Indicadores laboratoriais de prognóstico em cabras com toxémia de gestação." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20100.
Full textA toxémia de gestação (TG) é uma das doenças diagnosticada em cabras e ovelhas em final de gestação, sendo caracterizada por uma taxa de mortalidade elevada (53% no presente estudo). Os desequilíbrios metabólicos característicos da doença são evidenciados por alterações em parâmetros sanguíneos, assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar quais parâmetros bioquímicos seriam os melhores para definir um prognóstico no momento da avaliação do animal, com especial foco no lactato e pH. A comparação dos parâmetros sanguíneos entre o grupo controlo e o grupo diagnosticado com a doença apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos, nomeadamente entre valores de BHBA, glucose e parâmetros demonstrativos de acidose metabólica, como o pH, a pCO2, o HCO3 e BE e, portanto, tidos como potenciais indicadores de diagnóstico. De realçar também que os valores pCO2 encontram-se abaixo do valor de referência em 92% dos casos do grupo de TG, e em 80% e 97% para o HCO3 e BE respetivamente. Simultaneamente foi também conduzida uma comparação dos valores sanguíneos entre o grupo de cabras sobreviventes e cabras mortas, sendo de realçar as diferenças estatisticamente significativas registadas entre grupos nos valores de pH, cloro, pCO2, HCO3, BE. Com principal destaque para o pH no qual foi encontrado um cut-off no valor de 7,12, a partir do qual a sensibilidade para a morte de um animal doente com TG foi de 100%. A diferença de valores de lactato sanguíneo entre cabras que sobreviveram e cabras que morreram não se revelou significativa. Em conclusão, se por um lado o lactato sanguíneo em caprinos adultos doentes com TG apresenta um valor prognóstico muito limitado, os resultados do estudo demonstraram que o lactato não se mostrou um bom indicador do evoluir da doença uma vez que a diferença entre animais que sobreviveram e animais que morreram não se revelou significativa. Por outro lado, o pH e os parâmetros representativos de acidose metabólica provaram ser uma mais valia no estabelecimento de um prognóstico.
ABSTRACT - Pregnancy toxemia (TG) is one of the diseases most commonly found in goats and sheep in late pregnancy and is associated with a high mortality rate (53% in our study). The metabolic imbalances characteristic of the disease are evidenced by changes in certain blood parameters, so the main objective of this study was to find which of these parameters would be better to define a prognosis, with special focus on lactate and pH. Blood parameters were compared between the control group and the group diagnosed with the disease. The most relevant results were BHBA, glucose and those demonstrating metabolic acidosis such as pH, pCO2, HCO3 and BE, all with statistic differences between groups and therefore good diagnostic indicators. It should also be noted that pCO2 values are below the reference value in 92% of cases in the TG group, and in 80% and 97% for HCO3 and BE respectively. At the same time, a comparison of blood values between the group of surviving goats and dead goats was also conducted, where the differences between groups in pH, chlorine, pCO2, HCO3, BE values were all statistically significant. Finally, a cut-off value of 7.12 for pH was found, from which the sensitivity to death of a sick animal with TG was 100%. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that lactate was not a good indicator of disease progression as the difference between surviving and dying animals was not significant. On the other hand, pH and representative parameters of metabolic acidosis proved to be an added advantage in establishing a prognosis of goats sick with TG.
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Andrade, Inês Mendes. "Impacto da toxémia de gestação em cabras na sobrevivência dos cabritos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14234.
Full textDe entre as principais doenças que afetam os pequenos ruminantes, a toxémia de gestação (TG) apresenta-se como a afeção metabólica mais frequente dos mesmos. Caracteriza-se por ter uma elevada mortalidade e, como tal, representa um grave problema económico nas explorações. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar qual a taxa de sobrevivência dos cabritos, provenientes de cabras com TG, nascidos de cesariana, e compará-la com a taxa de sobrevivência dos cabritos nascidos por parto natural, sem auxílio humano, provenientes de cabras saudáveis. Outro objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar quais os parâmetros sanguíneos que estão associados a uma menor taxa de sobrevivência dos cabritos. Este estudo envolveu 8 cabras com TG (cujos cabritos nasceram de cesariana) e 9 cabras saudáveis (cujos cabritos nasceram de parto natural). Uma amostra de sangue foi recolhida da veia jugular até 15min, no máximo, após o nascimento, dos cabritos e foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 -, glucose, pH, excesso de base (BE), pCO2, anion gap (AG), ureia sanguínea (BUN, do inglês blood urea nitrogen), L-lactato, proteína total e hematócrito (Htc). Foi ainda registado o peso de cada cabrito. Nasceram 13 cabritos de parto natural, todos vivos ao sétimo dia, o que contrastou com os 21 cabritos nascidos de cesariana, dos quais 6 morreram, equivalendo a uma taxa de mortalidade de 28,5%. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores dos 21 cabritos nascidos de cesariana e os dos 13 nascidos de parto natural nos seguintes parâmetros: peso, Na+, pH, HCO3 -, BE, BUN e L-lactato. Ocorreram também diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos 15 cabritos, nascidos de cesariana, que sobreviveram e os 6 cabritos que não sobreviveram nos valores de pH, BE, pCO2, BUN e L-lactato. Concluiu-se que a cetoacidose materna devida à TG teve um impacto negativo na taxa de sobrevivência dos cabritos, que apresentavam uma acidose metabólica e, nos casos fatais, com uma componente respiratória.
ABSTRACT - The impact of pregnancy toxemia in goats on the survival rate of newborn kids - Amongst the main diseases that affect small ruminants, pregnancy toxemia (PT) presents itself as the most frequent metabolic disease. It is characterized by a high mortality rate and therefore it represents a serious economic problem for the farms. The main goal of this study was to determine the survival rate of the offspring of goats with PT, born from a caesarean section and compare it to the survival rate of the offspring that was naturally delivered, from healthy goats. Another goal was to determine which blood parameters were associated to a lower survival rate of the kids. This study involved 8 goats with PT (whose kids were born from caesarean section) and 9 healthy goats (whose kids were delivered naturally). A blood sample was obtained from the kids’ jugular vein 15 minutes (maximal) after they were born and the following parameters were determined: Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 -, glucose, pH, base excess (BE), pCO2, anion gap (AG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), L-lactate, total protein and packed cell volume (PCV). The weight of each kid was also determined and registered. There were 13 kids delivered naturally, all alive at the 7th day of life, differing from the 21 kids that were born from a caesarean section, of which 6 died, giving a final mortality rate of 28.5% in this last group. There were statistically significant differences between the weight and blood values of the 21 kids born from caesarean section and the 13 kids delivered naturally in the following parameters: Na+, pH, HCO3 -, BE, BUN and L-lactate. There were also statistically significant differences between the 15 kids born from caesarean section that survived and the ones also born from caesarean section who did not survive, in the following parameters: pH, BE, pCO2, BUN and L-lactate. In conclusion, maternal ketoacidosis due to PT had a negative impact on the survival rate of the offspring. In the most severe cases the new-born kids had both a metabolic and respiratory acidosis.
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Guerby, Paul. "Dysfonction de la nitric oxide synthase endothéliale au cours de la pré-éclampsie : rôle du glutathion et du stress oxydant." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30078.
Full textContext: During pre-eclampsia (PE), the defective trophoblastic invasion and remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries leads to poor adaptation of utero-placental circulation associated with hypoxia/reoxygenation phenomena. This induces oxidative stress and an imbalance between angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors (decrease in VEGF and PIGF vs. increase in sFlt1) responsible for abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction (eNOS) and decreased NO bioavailability play a critical role in the pathophysiology of PE. eNOS is the main source of placental NO production, and plays a key role in homeostasis and vascular tone regulation. Recent evidence indicates that eNOS may undergo glutathionylation in the vascular wall, and subsequent uncoupling in a prooxidant environment, this resulting in an increased generation of superoxide anion and a decreased production of NO. Objective: The purpose of this work was to study the consequences of oxidative stress on placental eNOS, in particular its glutathionylation and modification by lipid oxidation products (LPO), in relation to its dysfunction observed during PE. Materials and Methods: The modification of eNOS was studied in placental tissues obtained from preeclampsia-affected (n=13), vs normal pregnant women (n=9) and in HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblasts exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), or by exposure to LPO. Results: Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed a high glutathionylation of eNOS in PE placentas, reversed by dithiotreitol, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot experiments, with no difference in total eNOS expression between PE and normal pregnancy. Exposure of HTR8 trophoblasts to H/R conditions generates S-glutathionylation of eNOS associated with reduced NO production, and increased superoxide anion generation. NO is necessary for the invasive potential of trophoblasts, since trophoblasts exposed to H/R, or silenced for eNOS by small interfering RNAs (siRNA), showed a decreased migration capacity, which was restored by the NO donor, NOC-18. In the second part of this work, we investigated the presence of LPO in PE placentas, and hypothesized that eNOS could be a target of these agents. We show that LPO such as 4-hydroxynenal (4-HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), accumulate in PE placentas, particularly on eNOS, while no changes are observed in normal pregnancy placentas. Proteomics studies on recombinant eNOS show that ONE and 4-HNE modify several epitopes (ONE-Lys, HNE-His, HNE-Cys). The addition of 4-HNE or ONE to HTR8 inhibits NO production and cell migration, restored by the addition of NOC-18. Conclusions and perspectives: These results show that placental eNOS is an important target for oxidative stress during PE, with modifications by S-glutathionylation or adduct formation with ONE or 4-HNE, associated with a decrease in NO production. These changes could contribute to the dysfunction of placental eNOS observed during the PE. In perspective, we plan to study the consequences of oxidative stress and LPO on accelerated placental aging, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of PE, and beyond, of pathological pregnancies
Duarte, Cristiana Raquel Barros. "Estratégias de maneio na prevenção da toxémia de gestação em cabras leiteiras." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4208.
Full textA toxémia de gestação é a doença metabólica mais comum em pequenos ruminantes. A sua incidência tem vindo a aumentar dado o contínuo incremento dos níveis de produtividade destes animais, factor predisponente para esta doença. O objectivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação de estratégias de maneio para a sua prevenção numa exploração intensiva de cabras leiteiras. Para isso procedeu-se à análise dos registos da exploração nos últimos 3 anos e acompanhou-se o efectivo no período peri-parto. A evolução da condição corporal demonstrou que o maneio alimentar é de uma forma geral correcto. No que respeita à doença, pode afirmar-se que ainda persiste, embora com incidência reduzida (3,84%) mas superior nas cabras secas (85,71%). Tal deve-se provavelmente ao seu maneio alimentar, pois as suas necessidades nutricionais não são aparentemente satisfeitas pela dieta utilizada, e a um menor exercício físico. De referir ainda que a maior parte dos casos ocorreu em primíparas, as quais têm necessidades nutricionais diferentes e são penalizadas na ingestão de alimento pela dominância dos animais adultos. O aperfeiçoamento das dietas destes animais, a disponibilidade de mais espaço para estimular o exercício físico e a separação das primíparas constituem sugestões de melhoria deste problema.
Pregnancy toxemia is the most common metabolic disease in small ruminants. Its incidence has been increasing due to the continuing raise in productivity levels of these animals, predisposing factor for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management strategies for its prevention in an intensive dairy goats farm. Farm records over the past three years were analyzed and the herd was monitored in the peri-partum period. Body condition changes showed that dietary management is generally correct. Pregnancy toxaemia still persists, although with a reduced incidence (3.84%) and most in dry goats (85.71%). This can probably be justified by dietary management because their nutritional requirements are not apparently satisfied by diet and also by insufficient physical activity. Most of this cases occurred in primiparae, which have different nutritional requirements and are frequently penalized in food intake by dominant adult animals. Improving the diets of these animals, the availability of exercise area and the separation of primiparae are suggested to decrease the incidence of pregnancy toxaemia.
Poidatz, Dorothée. "Caractérisation et rôles du récepteur apparenté aux récepteurs des oestrogènes-γ (ERRγ) dans le placenta humain normal et pathologique." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS037V/document.
Full textHuman placenta is a vital organ for pregnancy support and fetal development. The chorionic villi is the structural and functional unit of the placenta and is mainly constituted by trophoblastic cells. The trophoblast differentiate in villous endocrine and extra-villous invasive trophoblast. Placental development and its numerous functions require the availability of high energy. Placental energetic metabolism control is partially mediated by the regulation of mitochondrial activity.Mitochondria are key organelles of the energetic metabolism. However, mitochondria are involved in numerous other cellular functions such as apoptosis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Moreover, recent studies suggest that mitochondria are involved in cell differentiation.Estrogen related receptor-γ (ERRγ) is a transcriptional factor implicated in the control of energetic metabolism. Preliminary studies showed that ERRγ is highly expressed in human placenta.In this work, we decided to study ERRγ implication in human placental development.In a first part, we characterized ERRγ expression in trophoblast from first and third trimester human placentas. We showed that ERRγ expression i) increased during pregnancy and ii) was higher in villous than extra-villous trophoblasts.In a second part, we showed that villous trophoblast differentiation was associated with modifications of energetic metabolism and mitochondrial content. Moreover, we clearly demonstrated that ERRγ positively controled villous differentiation by the modulation of mitochondrial functions.In a last part, we showed that ERRγ was less expressed in placentas from intra-uterine growth restriction as compared to non-pathological placentas. Moreover, this down-regulation was associated with a decrease of mitochondrial content.This work thus showed, for the first time, that ERRγ and mitochondria played a key role in placental development
Calicchio, Rosamaria. "High-throughput transcriptional analysis of the endothelial alterations in preeclampsia identifies JDP2 (Jun dimerization protein 2) as a novel actor in hypoxia sensing." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T060/document.
Full textPreeclamspia is a unique human disorder which affects 3-8% of pregnancies worldwide, clinically defined as the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria. The root cause of the disease seems to be linked to a defect of placental vascularization, which enhances cycles of hypoxia –reoxygenantion, placental ischemia and the release of placental debris into maternal circulation. The latter ones are responsible for a widespread endothelial activation, exacerbated pro-coagulable and pro-inflammatory state. To best characterize the response of endothelial cells to the plasma factors present in maternal circulation of preeclamptic women, we chose a genome –wide approach in order to evaluate the gene expression profile of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) line cultivated with preeclamptic plasma, compared to cells cultivated with human plasma coming from normal pregnancies. This study allows us to identify the gene Jun Dimerization Protein2 (JDP2) which could be responsible for part of transcriptomic modifications. Interestingly inhibiting JDP2 by the use of siRNA significantly down- regulates VEGF expression, thus mimicking the effects of preeclamptic plasma on HUVEC. In the last part of my project we focus specifically on the impact of JDP2 knock down on hypoxia- induced genes. Low oxygen tension modifies gene expression via the stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1a. In fact under hypoxic condition, HIF-1a escapes from proteasomal degradation, it forms heterodimers with ARNT (HIF- 1ß) and induces the expression of genes having a Hypoxia Responsive Element (HRE) in their promoter. One of the first and best characterized models of the effect of hypoxia on gene expression is the induction of VEGF expression under hypoxic condition. In order to evaluate the contribution of JDP2 to VEGF expression, and more generally to hypoxia target genes, we cultivate HUVEC in normoxic and hypoxic condition. The same conditions were used in association with transfection of siRNA against JDP2. In conclusion, under hypoxic condition, JDP2 down- regulation has a negative impact on VEGF expression. Moreover, JDP2 seems to be an essential mediator of hypoxia –induced gene expression, since it is necessary for a full HRE promoter activity (demonstrated by Luciferase assays)
Garnier, Vanessa. "Rôle du facteur pro-angiogène EG-VEGF dans le développement placentaire au cours de premier trimestre de grossesse." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV021/document.
Full textPlacental development is a process that is finely controlled. It is characterized by early and deep invasion of the endometrium and the first third of the myometrium by extravillous cytotrophoblasts that participate to the remodeling of the spiral arteries and to the establishment of the feto-maternal circulation. Poor remodeling of spiral arteries by trophoblastic cells, leads to the development pregnancy pathologies such as, Preeclampsia (PE) and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). During the last decade, our team has gathered interesting data that propose the new factor, EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) as a potential marker for PE. My thesis project aimed at further characterizing the role of EG-VEGF during pregnancy. Three main axis were addressed, i) The study of the regulation of EG-VEGF by PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), ii) The study of the role in hematopoietic and angiogenic placental cells differentiations and iii) The development of an in vivo model of PE. My thesis showed that 1) EG-VEGF and PROKR2 expression are upregulated by PPARγ, 2) that the regulation of intra-placental vascularization and trophoblastic invasion by PPARγ is mediated by EG-VEGF through PROKR1 and PROKR2 and through PROKR2 receptors, respectively, 3) that EG-VEGF controls hematopoietic and endothelial cell differentiation and 4) that maintenance of EG-VEGF production beyond its normal period of secretion during pregnancy leads to the development of PE in a gravid mouse model. Altogether, these projects contributed to have a better knowledge about physiological mechanisms of placental development and about a key factor of placentation EG-VEGF. Moreover they improved our understanding of the origins of pregnancy diseases establishment such as PE and RCIU
Ducat, Aurélien Hervé. "Apports de l'étude in vitro et in vivo de la protéine STOX1 dans la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques de la prééclampsie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB071/document.
Full textPreeclampsia is a disease syndrome defined in women by the apparition of a de novo hypertension (systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg) and proteinuria (greater than 300 mg per day) during pregnancy. This is the second cause of maternal mortality in France. The pathophysiology of this syndrome, still poorly understood, seem to involve placental dysfunction and a systemic activation of the maternal endothelium. To improve the management of preeclampsia and prevent short and long term complications, the key would be to combine the development of early screening and new treatments to reverse the worsening of symptoms which seem inevitable. Our team works on STOX1 gene, expressed in placental cells. This gene would encode a transcription factor for which no responsive element on the DNA has been found so far. Variants of this gene have been identified in 2005 among patients with preeclampsia, and cellular studies have shown that this factor is associated with preeclampsia syndrome. Two study models, established and characterized in the laboratory, confirmed the involvement of this gene in the syndrome. Our cell model is a line of choriocarcinoma overexpressing STOX1. The team showed in 2008 that the transcriptome alterations by STOX1 overexpression in this cell line are correlated with those observed in placentas of preeclamptic patients. Our murine model was obtained by additive transgenesis of the human STOX1 gene. Although preeclampsia does not develop spontaneously in rodents, it was shown in 2013 that wild type female mice mated with transgenic males develop a severe preeclamptic phenotype including hypertension and proteinuria. In order to better understand the link between the overexpression of STOX1 and the onset of preeclampsia, we explored the in vitro and in vivo production of oxygen- and nitrogen-derived free radicals, which are good candidates to play a pivotal role in causing symptoms. We showed that, in vitro and in vivo, STOX1 was able to modulate oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and free radicals balance. In addition, we studied in the mouse model the effect of an overexpression of STOX1 in the placenta on the cardiovascular system. We showed that wild female mice with transgenic fetus underwent an endothelial dysfunction associated with a pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, molecular in vitro and in silico ongoing studies try to explore more precisely the molecular and cellular functions of STOX1 protein to resolve its role in preeclampsia, or in other areas of cell biology. Part of this work enabled the identification of a DNA sequence that is physically recognized by STOX1 protein. The work done during this thesis will help better understand the function of a protein involved in complex diseases such as preeclampsia and Alzheimer's disease. It will also help search for new markers or new treatments for preeclampsia thanks to the mouse model
Oliveira, Maria Catarina Rodrigues Cabral de. "Utilização de alguns parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos no estabelecimento do prognóstico de toxémia de gestação em cabras de leite." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7504.
Full textA toxémia de gestação é uma doença muito frequente que afeta os pequenos ruminantes no último mês da gestação. As cabras com condição corporal elevada e gestação múltipla estão predispostas a desenvolver esta doença, que está associada a elevada mortalidade e caracteriza-se pela presença de hipoglicémia, hipercetonémia e acidose metabólica. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se os sinais clínicos e parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de 20 cabras diagnosticadas com toxémia de gestação, com o objetivo de determinar a associação entre as alterações clínicas e bioquímicas encontradas e a evolução e prognóstico da doença. Os principais sinais clínicos observados ao exame físico foram taquipneia, membros edemaciados, atonia ruminal, decúbito e prostração. Com menor frequência observaram-se também animais com orelhas caídas e sinais nervosos. Os resultados obtidos, por comparação das cabras que sobreviveram (grupo GV, n=8) com as cabras que vieram a morrer (GM, n=12), indicaram que os valores de glucose não foram significativamente diferentes entre os dois grupos, enquanto que os valores de BHB foram significativamente maiores no grupo GM. Os valores dos parâmetros ácido-base (pH, HCO3 -, excesso de base e pCO2) apresentaram-se significativamente diminuídos entre os animais que vieram a morrer por toxémia de gestação, bem como os valores sanguíneos de potássio. O único sinal clínico associado a mau prognóstico neste estudo foi a dificuldade com que os animais se levantaram da posição de decúbito. Embora baseados numa amostra pequena, estes resultados indicam a presença de uma marcada acidose metabólica e hipocalémia nos animais que vieram a morrer, sugerindo que valores sanguíneos de pH e potássio diminuídos, comparativamente com animais saudáveis, podem ser indicadores de pior prognóstico na toxémia de gestação.
ABSTRACT - Pregnancy toxaemia is a very common disease affecting small ruminants in the last month of gestation. Goats with high body condition score and multiple pregnancy are predisposed to develop this disease, which is associated with high mortality and is characterized by the presence of hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. In this study, we evaluated the clinical signs and blood biochemical parameters of 20 goats diagnosed with pregnancy toxaemia, in order to determine the association between clinical and biochemical alterations found with the evolution and prognosis of the disease. The main clinical signs observed on physical examination were tachypnea, swollen limbs, ruminal atony, recumbency and prostration. Less frequently, it was also observed animals with drooping ears and neurological signs. The results obtained by comparison of the goats who survived (GV group, n=8) and the goats who came to die (GM, n=12) showed that glucose values were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas Beta-hydroxybutyrate values were significantly higher in the GM group. The values of acid-base parameters (pH, HCO3-, base excess and pCO2) were significantly reduced among the animals that came to die with pregnancy toxaemia, as well as blood levels of potassium. The only clinical sign associated with poor prognosis in this study was the difficulty with which the animals rose from the recumbency. Although based on a small population sample, these results indicate the presence of a marked metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia in the animals who died, suggesting that decreased values of blood pH and potassium, compared to heathy animals, can be indicators of a poor prognosis in pregnancy toxaemia.
Barão, Inês Peixoto. "Utilização da condição corporal e dos níveis de glucose e β-hidroxibutirato sanguíneos como indicadores precoces de toxémia de gestação em cabras." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7896.
Full textA toxémia de gestação é uma doença metabólica que afeta pequenos ruminantes com mais frequência no último mês de gestação. Esta doença ocorre devido ao desequilíbrio entre o aumento das necessidades energéticas fetais e a capacidade materna de produzir glucose, havendo formação de corpos cetónicos. Devido à deteção tardia dos sinais clínicos nos animais doentes e à elevada taxa de mortalidade, superior a 80%, é importante que os animais com maior risco de desenvolverem toxémia de gestação sejam identificados precocemente. Este estudo avaliou a glicémia e BHB sanguíneo e, ainda a condição corporal de 59 cabras de aptidão leiteira, provenientes de uma exploração, em diversos momentos de gestação. Assim, tentou-se determinar se algum dos parâmetros avaliados poderia ser utilizado como indicador precoce. Dos 59 animais do estudo, apenas três manifestaram toxémia de gestação. Embora não conclusivo, a variável BHB mostrou diferenças significativas (p <0,05) entre os grupos com e sem doença, quando avaliados na primeira metade da gestação. Quando testada a sensibilidade e especificidade do dia de análise, registou-se uma tendência estatística (p= 0,061) que sugere poder ser usado como indicador precoce, sendo provavelmente necessário uma maior amostra para obter conclusões definitivas. Apesar do reduzido número de animais doentes neste estudo, os parâmetros de glicémia e condição corporal, embora sem diferenças significativas, não devem ser excluídos como indicadores precoces de toxémia de gestação, sendo necessários estudos complementares.
ABSTRACT - Use of body condition score and blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate as early indicators of pregnancy toxaemia in dairy goats - Pregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disease in small ruminants that tends to occur in the last month of gestation. It occurs when fetal energetic demands overwhelm the capacity of the doe to produce glucose, resulting in ketone body formation. In most of the cases, the clinical signs are only detected in the final stages of the disease with a very high mortality rate. Therefore, it’s important to identify the animals with higher risk of developing pregnancy toxemia to avoid the occurrence of the disease and the economic lost associated with it. The present study was performed in 59 dairy goats in a dairy farm. We analyzed blood glucose and BHB and body condition at different times during gestation, to define which one is better to early identify the animals with higher risk of pregnancy toxemia. Of the 59 does analyzed, only three showed clinical signs of the disease. Although not conclusive, the variable BHB showed significant differences (p< 0.05) between the groups with and without toxemia, when analyzed in the first half of gestation. When the moment of evaluation was tested as a possible early indicator, there was only a tendency in the results (p= 0.061), suggesting that the results are promising, although a larger number of animals is needed to reach reliable conclusions. Probably due to the low number of sick animals, blood glucose and body condition did not show significant differences between groups. However, they should not be excluded as early indicators, requiring further studies.
Mirzoyan, Koryun. "The role of LPA in kidney pathologies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30073/document.
Full textBoth chronic kidney diseases (CKD) with consecutive development of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) represent worrying problems for healthcare system due to its increased frequency and the lack of efficient treatments. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits a wide range of cell responses (proliferation, migration, transformation, contraction etc.) through the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1 to LPA6). In this work we were interested in involvement of the LPA and changes in its metabolism in CKD and AKI. Previous works showed that LPA exerts pro-fibrotic activity and contributes to development of tubulointerstitioal fibrosis (TIF) after ureteral obstruction through activation of LPA1 receptors. In the first part of the thesis we were interested whether LPA signalization is involved in more advanced model of the disease. We found that 5 months after subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) mice develop massive albuminuria, TIF and glomerular hypertrophy compared to control animals. LPA concentration measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was increased in urine but not in plasma of animals. That increase in LPA significantly correlated with albuminuria and TIF. In addition we found a decreased renal expression of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1, 2 and 3) that are responsible for the degradation of LPA by dephosphorylation. Moreover, the expression of LPA1-LPA4 receptors is down-regulated, whereas LPA5 and LPA6 are unchanged. We concluded here that the possible deleterious effect of LPA in the development of CKD in SNX mice was likely related to its increased production rather than an increased sensitivity of the kidney to LPA. Since LPA was reported previously to protect kidney damage in the course of ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that it was able to mitigate the systemic inflammation and organ damage in sepsis, we were interested in second part of the thesis to determine whether exogenous and/or endogenous LPA might protect against sepsis-associated AKI. C57BL/6 mice were treated with exogenous LPA 18:1 1 hour before being injected with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and AKI was analyzed after 24h. LPA pre-treatment significantly mitigated the LPS-induced elevation of plasma urea and creatinine, lessened the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFa, MCP-1) and completely prevented the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1a) in kidney. LPA also prevented LPS-mediated alterations of renal mitochondria ultrastructure. In vitro, pre-treatment with LPA 18:1 (10 µM) significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFa and MCP-1) in RAW264 macrophages. In addition we found that LPS led to the reduction of urinary LPA concentration that was associated with a reduction in LPA anabolic enzymes (autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase), and an elevation in LPA catabolic enzyme (lipid phosphate phosphatase 2) expression in kidney cortex. We concluded hereby that exogenous LPA exerts protection against endotoxemia-induced kidney injury. Moreover, the observation that LPS reduces the renal production of LPA suggests that sepsis-associated AKI could be mediated, at least in part, by alleviation of the protective action of endogenous LPA. In general our work shows that LPA local metabolism is altered in both forms of kidney diseases. In course of sepsis-induced AKI LPS leads to increased local catabolism of LPA leading to low availability of the phospholipid and alleviating its protective effect whereas in advanced CKD the local catabolism of the phospholipid is decreased with subsequent increase of urine LPA that favors development of the disease. Targeting LPA catabolism can be an interesting approach in treatment of kidney diseases
Tran, Thi chien. "Impact des facteurs environnementaux sur la survenue d’une pré-éclampsie sévère." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV057/document.
Full textDuring two last decades, the effect of meteorological factors on human health, especially pregnancy, has become a growing public health concern. However, the influence of meteorological and environmental factors on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia still has to be precisely determined. The main objective of this work is to determine the influence of meteorological conditions at various time during pregnancy (date of conception, near date of conception) on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in a large French registry of pregnant women and to determine at which moment are the women more susceptible
Duan, Jie. "Quantification de la vascularisation de l'unité utéro-placentaire par Doppler 3D : évaluation clinique et expérimentale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0088/document.
Full textPlacental vascular pathologies (PVP), preeclampsia (PE) and intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), are a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developed countries. A default of utero-placental vascularization is present in these two pathologies. 3D Power Doppler (3DPD) is an easy tool to use in clinic, its quantitative indices calculated from obtained utero-placental volume seem promising for PE prediction. The major objective of this thesis was to evaluate the discriminative value of this technique between physiological and pathological situations, as well as its limitations in clinical and animal models. The screening performance of PE and/or IUGR by 3DPD indices in the first trimester was studied in a prospective multicenter study. An evaluation of the correlation between 3DPD indices and morphometric indices was then carried out among pregnant women at term. At the end, the interest of the technique was demonstrated in an ewe model of IUGR (treated with testosterone)
Assunção, Rita Baptista Dias de. "Toxémia de gestação em cabras : valor prognóstico do L-lactato sanguíneo, avaliação da condição corporal como factor de risco e vantagens da indução do parto versus cesariana." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12621.
Full textA toxémia de gestação (TG) é uma doença presente em pequenos ruminantes que causa um grande impacto económico em explorações leiteiras intensivas, essencialmente devido às elevadas taxas de mortalidades que lhe estão associadas. Afecta fêmeas gestantes no último trimestre da gestação, sendo mais comum em animais com excesso de condição corporal e gestações múltiplas. Os desequilíbrios metabólicos são evidenciados pelas alterações em determinados parâmetros sanguíneos, mas os métodos actualmente utilizados na avaliação do prognóstico da TG nem sempre se revelam os mais eficazes. Assim, o principal objectivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a possibilidade de as concentrações sanguíneas do lactato serem um bom indicador do desenvolvimento desta doença e a sua contribuição para a acidose metabólica que ocorre na TG. Por outro lado, pretendeu-se determinar se o excesso de condição corporal (CC) nas cabras gestantes pode ser considerado um factor de risco para o desenvolvimento de TG, através da identificação de cabras com elevadas CC, verificando se realmente desenvolverem a doença mais tarde. Finalmente, avaliou-se a influência que a indução do parto ou realização de uma cesariana tiveram na taxa de sobrevivência fetal e materna, através da comparação das taxas de mortalidades apresentadas no grupo onde foi induzido o parto e no grupo ao qual foram realizadas cesarianas. O estudo revelou que a medição das concentrações sanguíneas de lactato não aparenta ter qualquer valor como indicador do desenlace da doença, uma vez que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores medidos no grupo dos animais com TG e os valores do grupo controlo, que não apresentavam sinais de doença. Por outro lado, das cabras identificadas com excesso de CC, apenas 9% desenvolveram efectivamente a doença, resultados que não parecem ser suficientes para sustentar a hipótese de este ser um importante factor de risco para o desenvolvimento de TG. Finalmente, a realização de cesarianas apresentou taxas de mortalidade superiores em relação à indução do parto, tanto nas fêmeas gestantes (71% por cesariana vs 54% por indução) como nos seus fetos (65% por cesariana vs 31% por indução). Estes resultados, juntamente com a ponderação de outros factores relativos a cada caso específico de TG, poderão contribuir para a tomada de decisão entre a realização ou não de uma cesariana.
ABSTRACT - Pregnancy toxemia in dairy goats: prognostic value of blood L-lactate concentrations, evaluation of body condition as a risk factor and advantages of labor induction vs cesarean-section - Pregnancy toxemia (PT) is a disease of small ruminants which causes a large economic impact on intensive production dairy farms, mainly due to the high mortality rates associated with the disease. It affects pregnant females on the last trimester of pregnancy and it is more common in over conditioned animals carrying multiple fetuses. Metabolic imbalance is evidenced by alterations in some blood parameters. However, the current methods used to determine the outcome of PT are not always the most effective. Thereby, the main objective of this study consisted in evaluating blood lactate concentrations in order to determine whether or not it is a good indicator to predict the outcome of this condition, as well as its contribution to the metabolic acidosis. On the other hand, it was also intended to determine if over conditioned pregnant goats are at greater risk of developing PT, by identifying goats with high body condition score (BCS) and determining if they actually developed this condition. Finally, the influence of labor induction or cesarean-section over the mortality rates of both mother and fetuses was also assessed, by comparing the different mortality rates in the groups were labor was induced or a cesarean-section was performed. The study revealed that the blood lactate concentrations do not appear to be valid as an indicator of the disease’s outcome, as there was significant statistic difference between the values measured on the group with PT and the control group, that showed no evidence of disease. On the other hand, of the goats identified with a high BCS, only 9% did develop the disease, which doesn’t seem to be enough to support the hypothesis that this is an important risk factor in the development of PT. Finally, the performance of cesarean-sections showed mortality rates much higher than the ones on induced labor, both on the pregnant goats (71% by c-section vs 54% by induction) and their fetuses (65% by c-section vs 31% by induction). These results, along with the consideration of other factors specific to each case of PT, could help to decide whether or not it is best to perform a c-section.
Silveira, Júlia Elvira Maciel. "Usefulness of certain clinical observations and blood chemistry values (BHBA, glucose, ions and blood gases) for predicting clinical outcomes when treating dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10485.
Full textPregnancy toxemia (PT) is a disease characterized by a high case fatality rate (75% in this study). Clinical signs and blood chemistry values from 32 cases of PT in goats are described and summarized. Polypnea, swollen limbs, anorexia and absence of ruminal motility, sternal recumbency but ability to rise upon stimulation, neurological signs and drooped ears were the most consistently observed clinical manifestations. A decision concerning whether or not to and/or how to attempt to treat a PT goat should be based on clinical signs and blood parameters. The clinical signs most indicative of a poor prognosis are anorexia and recumbency; among the blood parameters it is potassium (K+) and those indicative of a metabolic acidosis, namely pH, pCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), as there was a statistically significant difference between the goats that died and the goats that survived. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values were not significantly different between the goats that died and the goats that survived. In conclusion, the clinical observations and the blood parameters described are likely to be used as prognostic indexes for dairy goats with PT. It should also be remembered that the prevention is of crucial importance in large flocks.
RESUMO - Utilização de sinais clínicos e de certos parâmetros sanguíneos (BHBA, glucose, iões e gases sanguíneos) como prognóstico de cabras com toxémia de gestação - A toxémia de gestação (TG) é uma doença caracterizada por taxas de mortalidade elevadas (75% neste estudo). Os sinais clínicos e os valores sanguíneos dos 32 casos de TG em cabras são descritos. Polipneia, membros inchados, anorexia e ausência de motilidade ruminal, decúbito esternal mas com capacidade de levantar após estimulação, sinais neurológicos e orelhas caídas foram os sinais clínicos mais frequentemente observados. Uma decisão sobre quando ou não e/ou como tentar tratar uma cabra com TG deve ser baseada nos sinais clínicos e nos valores sanguíneos. Os sinais clínicos indicativos de mau prognóstico são anorexia e decúbito; em relação aos parâmetros sanguíneos, o potássio (K+) e os indicativos de acidose metabólica, como o pH, a pCO2, o bicarbonato (HCO3-) e o Excesso de Base (EB), dada a existência de uma diferença significativa nestes parâmetros entre o grupo de animais que morreu e o grupo que sobreviveu. Não foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores do BHBA entre os dois grupos. Em conclusão, os sinais clínicos e os parâmetros sanguíneos descritos anteriormente podem ser usados como indicadores de prognóstico para cabras de leite com TG. Deve ainda ser relembrado o papel crucial da prevenção em grandes rebanhos.
Barjat, Tiphaine. "Vers une meilleure connaissance des pathologies vasculaires placentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES026/document.
Full textPlacenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes are frequent and severe pathologies whose predominant maternal form is preeclampsia and fetal form, intrauterine growth retardation. The questions asked about this subject concern first of all the prediction of the occurrence of its pathologies in a sufficiently early way to allow for close monitoring, administration of corticosteroids, and management in an appropriate level of maternity. The prevention of the occurrence and recurrence and the treatment of its pathologies in the constituted phase are also unresolved problems. Our objective was therefore to work on its various questions through three studies: the ANGIOPREI study, the VOLUPLA study and the GROWTH study. The results of his work and of the literature show that the factors of haemostasis anc angiogenic factors are disturbed in preeclampsia and in growth retardation. The association of maternal, ultrasound, angiogenic and serum factors constitutes a predictive model that is effective mainly by an excellent negative predictive value. The placental volume is correlated with the D-dimer level and is interesting for placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes prediction. New studies will have to continue the exploration of the prediction, prevention and treatment of this pathologies related to the placenta. The treatment is notably the object of the study Growth which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Enoxaparin for the treatment of constituted vascular growt retardation
Zana, Elodie. "Physiopathologie des anomalies du développement alvéolaire dans le RCIU : approche expérimentale et clinique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T020/document.
Full textInsufficient intrauterine growth is with prematurity and congenital malformations, a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. These conditions are interrelated, the preterm infants often suffered of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Recent epidemiological stud-ies showed that IUGR was associated with increased respiratory morbidity as soon as the ne-onatal period, with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the main respira-tory sequelae of prematurity. BPD is characterized by impaired alveolar and vascular devel-opment and is the consequence of multiple insults on an immature lung. The exact pathophysi-ology is still largely unknown. We study in this work the relationship between IUGR and DBP with an experimental and clinical approach. While epidemiological studies are relatively concordant on the relationship between IUGR and BPD, experimental studies showed various results in lung development and molecular process. We wanted to identify, at first, a model of IUGR reproducing impaired alveolar development observed in humans using three previously validated models in rats: a model of per-gestational protein restriction, a model of unilateral ligation uterine artery, an injection pattern of a chemical inhibitor of NO synthase, L NAME. Only antenatal protein restriction can reproduce long-term impaired alveolarization as those observed in BPD. However, in this model, changes in key genes previously identified in pathological alveolar development are not observed before, during or after alveolarization. This result led us to perform a genome-wide analysis which identified several modified path-ways during alveolarization. Among these, the genes involved in the “cardiac contractility”, “cell adhesion molecules”, “immunity”, “molecular adhesion” or the "Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor" pathways. In the clinical part of this study, we evaluated the risk of BPD in extreme preterm infants with IUGR whose mothers had evidence of vascular disease of pregnancy (preeclampsia). This single-center retrospective study of 184 children was used to compare children with IUGR in adjusted for gestational age children. The vascular IUGR increases the risk of DBP by 6. An early marker of progression to BPD is a low platelet count at birth, referring to the role of high levels of circulating anti-angiogenic factors. A study is ongoing to correlate circulating anti-angiogenic factors present in preeclamptic mothers to res-piratory outcome and particularly BDP, in newborn younger than 30 weeks of gestational age at birth. In conclusion, we have shown experimentally that only prenatal protein restriction in rats reproduced impaired alveolarization comparable to those observed in the BPD. New mo-lecular pathways potentially involved in the impaired alveolarization were highlighted. More-over, the role of placental anti-angiogenic factors leading to development of BPD is evaluat-ed
Lecarpentier, Edouard. "Etude des flux sanguins dans le placenta humain et influence du shear stress sur la fonction biologique du syncytiotrophoblaste." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB052/document.
Full textHuman placentation is hemomonochorial, maternal blood circulates in direct contact with the syncytiotrophoblast. In the intervillous space, the maternal blood exerts frictional mechanical forces (shear stress) on the microvillous surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. Flowing blood constantly exerts a shear stress, on the endothelial cells lining blood vessel walls, and the endothelial cells respond to shear stress by changing their morphology, function, and gene expression. The effects of shear stress on the human syncytiotrophoblast and its biological functions have never been studied. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine in silico the physiological values of shear stress exerted on human syncytiotrophoblast during normal pregnancies, (2) to develop a model reproducing in vitro the shear stress on human syncytiotrophoblast and (3) to study in vitro the biological response of human syncytiotrophoblast to shear stress. The 2D numerical simulations showed that the shear stress applied to the syncytiotrophoblast is highly heterogeneous in the intervillous space. In spite of high intraplacental maternal blood flow rates (400-600mL.min-1), the estimated average values of shear stress are relatively low (0.5±0.2 to 2.3±1.1 dyn.cm-2). To study the shear stress-induced cellular responses during exposure times ranging from 5 minutes to 24 hours we have developed two dynamic cell culture models adapted to the human syncytiotrophoblast. We found no evidence of decreased cell viability or early processes of apoptosis in dynamic conditions (1 dyn.cm-2, 24h) compared to static conditions. Shear stress (1 dyn.cm-2) triggers intracellular calcium flux, which increases the synthesis and release of PGE2. The enhanced intracellular cAMP in FSS conditions was blocked by COX1/COX2 inhibitors, suggesting that the increase in PGE2 production could activate the cAMP/PKA pathway in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. FSS activates the cAMP/PKA pathway leading to upregulation of PlGF in human STB. Shear stress-induced phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of PlGF were prevented by inhibition of PKA with H89 (3 μM). The syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta is a mechanosenstive tissue
Almeida, Ana Filipa Brito de. "Toxémia gravídica e rim." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31375.
Full textPreeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy witch occurs in 2-8% of all pregnancies, being na importante cause of materno-fetal morbidity and mortality. Its clinical features are heterogeneous showing a multitude of clinical presentations. Though the underlying mechanisms are not yet totallt understod, préeclampsia seems to result from na insufucient placentar perfusion, witch leads to sistemic endothelial disfunction and injring in several maternal organs. The kidney, witch undergoes several psysiologic changes during a normal pregnancy, is significantly affected by preeclampsia. Glomerular endoteliose is the caracteritic histologic lesion in this disorder. Preeclampsia increases the risk for future cardiovascular disease, including renal disease. This paper aims to review of the latest knowledge about pathophysiological renal involvement in preeclampsia.
Doré, Vincent. "Impact des niveaux de B-hydroxybutyrate sur la productivité des chèvres laitières." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11949.
Full textHoffmann, Pascale. "Fonctions biologiques d'EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) dans le développement placentaire." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658354.
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