Academic literature on the topic 'Toxic anemia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Toxic anemia"
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G.T., Kudeshova, and Kuchkarova L.S. "Activity Of Enteral Lactase And Lactobacilli In Maternal And Hereditary Toxic Anemia." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 06 (2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue06-08.
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In this paper, the activity of lactobacilli in the small intestine and lactobacilli in the colon, which are involved in the digestion of milk sugar during lactotrophy using phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, studied the effects of toxic anemia on mother and child. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, lactase enzyme activity in the small intestine, and lactobacilli activity in the colon were determined in 12- and 24-day-old rats born to mother anemic rats with toxic anemia under the influence of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, and in growing rats after mother and offspring toxic anemia. Experiments in white rats have shown that in rats growing in experimental toxic anemia of mother and offspring, there is an increase in lactase activity in the small intestine and a decrease in lactobacilli activity depending on the degree of intoxication in the colon.
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Saidova, F. H., L. M. Ahmedova, Zh B. Aslanova, and N. A. Najafov. "Changes of hematological indices in patients with diffuse toxic goiter." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 88, no. 3-4 (2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2021.3-4.76.
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Objective. To reveal the incidence of various morphological types and degrees of the anemia severity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter.
 Materials and methods. Data of medical histories of 157 patients, operated for diffuse toxic goiter in 2012 yr were analyzed. In accordance to hematological indices estimated there were outlined two Groups of patients: Group I – 98 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and mild anemia, average age (39.4 ± 1.4) yrs old, 57 (58.2%) women and 41 (41.8%) men, and Group II – 59 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and middle degree of the anemia severity, average age (41.1 ± 1.7) yrs old, 48 (81.4%) women and 11 (18.6%) men. Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, quantity and average volume of erythrocytes, average content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes were determined in the blood analysis.
 Results. Microcytic type of anemia was noted in 89.8% of patients with anemia of middle degree of severity, while a normocytic one – in 10.2%; in mild anemia – in 87.8 and 12.2% patients, accordingly. Hypochromic and normochromic types of anemia with equal rate were revealed in mild anemia and anemia of middle degree of severity: hypochromic – in 94.9%, normochromic – in 5.1% patients.
 Conclusion. Diffuse toxic goiter is characterized by more frequent development of mild (62.4%), microcytic (88.5%), hyperchromic (94.9%) anemia, caused by iron deficiency.
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Junaid Ali Thebo, Junaid Ali Thebo, Shaista Khan Shaista Khan, Abdul Aziz Shaikh Abdul Aziz Shaikh, et al. "Role of Trace andamp; Toxic Elements in the Development of Anaemia in School going population of Hyderabad." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 3 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000752/jcsp/41.03.2019.
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The aim of this research work was to measure the concentration of essential trace elements, including serum copper, iron and zinc in children suffering from anemia, and also to investigate the effect of heavy metal like lead on causing anemia. The study has been performed on school going children living in Hyderabad, which is a mini industrialized city. The study was carried out in anemic children studying in different schools of Hyderabad having different age groups. 10 ml venous blood samples were obtained after an informed consent form was signed.The samples were used to analyzed the trace elements (Fe,Cu, Zn) and toxic metal Lead (Pb). Trace elements include zinc and copper were found elevated in anemic children than healthy one, Copper is involved in many vital mechanisms in the body, energy production, connective tissue formation, and Fe metabolism, whereas copper found low with relation to the iron in anemic children because copper helps in the absorption of iron. Zinc is an essential micronutrient demanded by living being because of its significant position in-cooperation with structural constituent of proteins and as a cofactor in enzyme catalysis, there is difference between zinc and iron, they have been found to inhibit each other’s absorption due to their competitive absorption pathways. Increased zinc levels found in children with low iron content, whereas control group have normal results of these elements which may be due to their dietary management. The results revealed the environmental pollution and the associated health risks on exposure to lead. Pb concentrations whereas the current research stated a considerable relationship of mild and severe anemia with 10-42.2μg/dl Pb concentrations, the variation in results may be due to a small sample size in the current study, Drinking water from corrosion of plumbing systems through the use of lead sellers and other lead containing materials in connecting household plumbing to public water supplies. Ground and surface water are also contaminated by lead consuming industry and agricultural activities. The concentrations of Pb greater than or equal to (≥)10 μg/dl in children related with an increased threat of mild and severe anemia, diminishing iron absorption . High Lead levels were related with lower concentrations of iron, ferritin and copper, in this study it was found that high levels of lead were found mostly in boys. Lead levels have also found in control group which was below 5 ug/dl, according to WHO ≥ 10 ug/dl is considered as high.
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G.T., Kudeshova, and Murodova N.B. "Effect of experimental toxic anemia on the pancreas." Partners Universal International Research Journal (PUIRJ) 01, no. 02 (2022): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6726433.
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The decrease in hydrolytic capacity relative to polysaccharides observed in the initial hydrolysis phase of carbohydrates was expressed in the small intestinal secretion of α-amylase in the pancreas, a decrease in enzyme activity in the small intestinal chymus. Chronic exposure to toxicants leads to an increase in pancreatic tissue and enzyme activity in the blood due to a decrease in α-amylase activity in the small intestine. Decreased pancreatic secretion and increased secretion are indicative of pancreatic insufficiency. It was shown the regulator treatment of growing rats by hemotoxicants (phenilhydrasine and lead acetate) resulted to increase of incretion and decrease of secretion of pancreas. These changes take place at the histological destroy of pancreas. These data are shown the toxic anemia stimulates the development of pancreatitis in growing rats.
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Rodriguez-Sevilla, Juan Jose, Xavier Calvo, and Leonor Arenillas. "Causes and Pathophysiology of Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia." Genes 13, no. 9 (2022): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13091562.
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The sideroblastic anemias are a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired disorders characterized by anemia and the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Ring sideroblasts are abnormal erythroblasts with iron-loaded mitochondria that are visualized by Prussian blue staining as a perinuclear ring of green-blue granules. The mechanisms that lead to the ring sideroblast formation are heterogeneous, but in all of them, there is an abnormal deposition of iron in the mitochondria of erythroblasts. Congenital sideroblastic anemias include nonsyndromic and syndromic disorders. Acquired sideroblastic anemias include conditions that range from clonal disorders (myeloid neoplasms as myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts) to toxic or metabolic reversible sideroblastic anemia. In the last 30 years, due to the advances in genomic techniques, a deep knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms has been accomplished and the bases for possible targeted treatments have been established. The distinction between the different forms of sideroblastic anemia is based on the study of the characteristics of the anemia, age of diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and the performance of laboratory analysis involving genetic testing in many cases. This review focuses on the differential diagnosis of acquired disorders associated with ring sideroblasts.
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Prawej, Ansari. "Comparative Clinical Study of Nabayas Louha: An Ayurvedic Haematinic Preparation and a Conventional Iron Preparation in Female Anemic Patients." Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology 8, no. 5 (2020): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11931227.
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Anemia is common nutritional disorder and it affects one third of population around the globe. Assessing nutritional status of human is an inevitable process to lead a healthy life. Females are affected significantly by anemia compare to male. According to WHO report, developing herbs-based formulation to treat anemic patients is safe and less toxic. In this study a double-blind, cross group comparative clinical trial of Nabayas Louha (NBL) a Ayurvedic haematinic preparation with G-Iron Folic Acid (IFA) was undertaken on 66 female anemic volunteers with age between 20-30 years. It was seen that NBL after being administered at a daily dose of 500 mg for 30 days significantly increased the hemoglobin content of the treated volunteers. It produced an increase in serum iron content and decreases total iron binding capacity. The ESR level was also decreased. These effects of NBL were found to be comparable with IFA. There was a marked decrease in WBC count noticed, however statistically significant increase in the lymphocytes count was seen. Furthermore, the level of toxicity related enzymes SGOT and SGPT was not altered significantly in the NBL treated group which vividly confirm that supplementation of NBL is not toxic. In conclusion, these findings recommend use of NBL as supplement in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and WBC disorders.
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Capito, Joseph C., Brianna N. Skaff, Alexandra R. Kinney, and Amie M. Ashcraft. "Methylene blue for hemolytic crisis in patients with met-hemoglobinemia secondary to hemoglobin volga: A case series." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 6 (2024): 2499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1168_23.
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ABSTRACT There is a rare subset of patients with a genetically abnormal hemoglobin structure initially discovered in the Volga region of Europe known as Volga anemia. Key features of this condition include compromised delivery of oxygen to peripheral tissues and altered red blood cells that have a higher likelihood of being broken down or hemolyzed, which can lead to significant hemolytic anemia. Methylene blue is a dye that acts as a reducing agent of oxygen and is commonly used in toxic states that lead to methemoglobin build-up. This paper explores the pathophysiology of this genetic condition and documents three cases across two patients—a father and son—when methylene blue was used during an anemic crisis.
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Adaobi, Linda Okerulu, and Martins Onwuka Osah. "Macrocytic anemia induced via oral administration of toxic dose of acetaminophen." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 1 (2022): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624407.
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The abuse of Acetaminophen (over-the-counter drug) is rapidly increasing globally, thus inducing physiological alterations and toxicity. In this study, it was hypothesized that overdose of acetaminophen may induce certain type of anemia; hence the type of anemia induced by oral exposure to toxic dose of acetaminophen was evaluated. Fifteen (15) Wistar rats weighing approximately 160 g were grouped into three (3) groups; Group 1 (control) received 2ml of distilled water, Group 2 received 200 mg/kg of acetaminophen and Group 3 received 700 mg/kg of acetaminophen for 14 days. After administration, the rats were dissected on anesthesia (chloroform); blood was collected via cardiac puncture. The samples collected were assayed for Red Blood cell (RBC) Count, Hemoglobin concentration (HB), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The data was statistically analyzed using Graph Pad Prism (version 8). Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results showed that acetaminophen (200 mg/kg and 700 mg/kg) significantly increased MCV, MCH and decreased RBC and HB in a dose dependent manner with no significant effect on MCHC when compared to group 1 (control) (P<0.05). In conclusion, Acetaminophen (700 mg/kg) decreases RBC, HB and increases MCV, MCH and MCHC which suggests that toxic dose of acetaminophen can cause macrocytic anemia in Wistar rats.
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Lin, Wu, Liao, et al. "In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Mesoporous Iron Particles for Iron Bioavailability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (2019): 5291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215291.
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Chronic renal failure involving hemodialysis results in blood loss during filtration. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia can result. A compensatory increase in iron dosage has many side effects including discomfort. Elemental iron is a highly-pure iron source, which reduces the frequency of dosages; the solubility decreases with increased particle size or pore size. In this study, synthesized mesoporous iron particles (MIPs) were used to relieve iron deficiency anemia. Their bioavailability was measured in vitro by a Caco-2 cell model and in vivo in iron-deficient rats. In vitro bioavailability of MIPs was examined by measuring ferritin content in the Caco-2 cell model. Iron uptake of MIPs was significantly higher than commercial iron particles, which were less porous. In vivo bioavailability of MIPs was examined by measuring body weight gain and red blood cell-related parameters, compared with the bioavailability of standard drug ferrous sulfate in iron-deficient anemic rats. Finally, average hemoglobin content and hemoglobin regeneration efficiency were significantly higher in anemic rats supplemented with commercial iron particles, compared to anemic controls. In the 28-day oral toxicity test, MIPs were not significantly toxic to rat physiology or tissue histopathology. Thus, MIPs may allow effective recovery of hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia.
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Lagraoui, Mouna, Brigitte Grouix, Nathalie Julien, et al. "PBI-1402: A Non-Toxic Immunorestorative Small Molecule for the Treatment of Anemia." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4224.4224.
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Abstract Erythropoiesis is regulated by an intricated network of transcription factors and other molecules that mediate differentiation of stem cell progenitors into erythroid lineage. PBI-1402 is a non-toxic, well-defined chemo- and radio-protective orally active small molecule which stimulates erythropoiesis. In vivo studies demonstrate that PBI-1402 has an immunorestorative effect in anemia induced by phenylhydrazine or lethal irradiation. In phenylhydrazine-induced anemia, PBI-1402 treated mice had an increased number of hematopoietic progenitor cells compared to the control mice. This increase was more pronounced in the erythroid lineage (BFU-E and CFU-E). In myeloablated mice that received a syngeneic bone marrow transplant, oral treatment with PBI-1402 resulted in a significant increase in peripheral erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. In conclusion, these results indicate that PBI-1402 plays an important role in the formation of red blood cells. Therefore, PBI-1402 may be useful for the treatment of anemia associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and cancer.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toxic anemia"
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Langevin, Frédéric Paul Marcel. "The Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway counteracts the toxic effects of naturally produced aldehydes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610334.
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Dennis, Patricia Marie. "Epidemiology of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in captivity in the United States." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095785660.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 126 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Sept. 21.
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ASTORI, EMANUELA. "IN VITRO AND IN VIVO APPROACHES TO STUDY OXIDATIVE STRESS, ANEMIA AND DYSBIOSIS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/818976.
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CKD is diagnosed when there’s a decreased kidney function shown by a GFR less than 60 ml / min (established for a reference man with 1.73 m² body surface area), or markers of kidney damage, or both, of at least 3 months duration. The severity of complications increases in parallel with the GFR decline. We focused on three comorbidities extremely common in CKD patients: oxidative stress and inflammation; anemia and dysbiosis. We investigated these CKD comorbidities both with in vitro and in vivo approaches. More in detail, regarding in vivo studies, we measured oxidative stress biomarkers in a population of ESRD patients before and after the hemodialysis treatment, comparing the results with a population of healthy subjects; we evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers in the plasma of HD patients before, during and after two type of iron treatments (intravenous and sucrosomial iron). Regarding in vitro experiments, we focused on two uremic toxins, urea and indoxyl sulphate, and we evaluated their effects on a human endothelial cell line (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells 1, HMEC-1).
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Chiang, Ya-Wen, and 姜雅文. "Effects of post-treatments of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on anthrax lethal toxin induced anemia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50684328811208315482.
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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>分子生物暨人類遺傳學系碩士班<br>99<br>Anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis infection, usually
coincides with anemia, hypoxic tissue damages and hemorrhage, causes
animal and human death through unknown mechanisms. Lethal toxin
(LT), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKKs) inhibitor, is
the major virulence factor of B. anthracis. LT treatments cause lethality
and certain anthrax-like pathogenesis of experimental mice; this made it
an idea molecular tool to study anthrax-mediated pathogenesis. Our
previous studies indicated that LT could suppress erythropoiesis in vitro
and in vivo and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
pre-treatments could reduce LT-mediated mortality in mice. For
therapeutic application, it might be useful for G-CSF to rescue mice after
LT injection. Our data suggested that G-CSF post-treatments could also increase the survival rate after injection of LT and this effect was associated with amelioration of anemia response. Since G-CSF is a pleiotropic cytokine playing a major role as regulator of hematopoiesis, we found that G-CSF post-treatments could ameliorate LT induced erythropoiesis suppression not through increasing erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. The underlining mechanisms will be further investigated.
Books on the topic "Toxic anemia"
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Richman, Deborah C., Debra D. Pulley, and Adriana D. Oprea. Perioperative Medicine. Oxford University PressNew York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190902001.001.0001.
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Abstract Perioperative Medicine: A Problem-Based Learning Approach provides a unique learning opportunity for the busy perioperative clinician who wants to read how others approach a case and for clinicians in training who need to learn the basics. Each chapter starts with a stem case, followed by a comprehensive, up-to-date discussion on the topic to make evidence-based decisions, and multiple choice questions for self-assessment. The subject matter covered within the forty-eight chapter book has been chosen to cover a broad array of conundrums encountered in clinical perioperative medicine. A majority of the chapters focus on preoperative optimization of patients with different comorbidities, such as, coronary artery disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, substance use disorder, and anemia. Choosing preoperative tests and medication management are also discussed. There is a section on immediate postoperative complications such as confusion and arrhythmia. Highlighted is a section on ethical issues. Not as straight-forward as optimization or treatment of diseases, these topics address aspects of care that are more patient-centered such as informed consent, DNR, or how to discuss uncomfortable topics with a patient. Since all practices are different, there is a chapter on different models of the preoperative process and a discussion of continuity of care across the perioperative period. Overall, this book provides an up-to-date compendium of topics commonly presenting in daily practice.
Book chapters on the topic "Toxic anemia"
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Strauchen, James A. "Aplastic Anemias." In Diagnostic Histopathology of the Bone Marrow. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097566.003.0009.
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Abstract Aplastic anemias are marrow hypoplasias affecting one or more cell lines. Aplastic anemia, without further qualification, refers to marrow panhypoplasia. Selective hypoplasia of erythroid elements is termed pure red cell aplasia. Aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia may be acquired or congenital. Selective aplasias of granulocytic elements or of megakaryocytic elements are extremely rare and occur as congenital syndromes. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemogloblinuria (PNH) is also considered in this chapter because of its association with aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia, without further qualification, refers to marrow panhypoplasia due to exposure to drug, toxin, virus, or unknown factor. Aplastic anemia is a life-threatening marrow panhypoplasia associated with severe pancytopenia. Patients frequently present with infection, bleeding, or symptoms of severe anemia. Recognized etiologies of aplastic anemia include exposure to toxic chemicals (benzene), idiosyncratic reactions to drugs (chloramphenicol), and following certain viral infections (Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus). Most cases are idiopathic, however. Immunologically mediated suppression of hematopoiesis has been postulated as a possible etiology in idiopathic cases and is lent support by the response of some patients with aplastic anemia to immunosuppression. The association of aplastic anemia with the development of acute granulocytic leukemia suggests a stem cell abnormality.
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Reddy, M. Vijayaraj, Gary R. Blackburn, William T. Bleicher, Susan E. Irwin, Myron A. Mehlman,, and Carl R. Mackerer. "32P-Postlabelling assays of DNA adducts formed in vitro and in vivo with benzene and its metabolites: new assays to measure adducts as 5’-P-labelled dinucleotides and nucleoside monophosphates." In Human Carcinogen Exposure. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199631858.003.0032.
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Abstract Studies of Maltoni et al. and the National Toxicology Program have shown that the chronic high-dose adminstration of benzene to rats produces solid tumours in Zymbal gland, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and possibly mammary gland. Also, the chronic administration of benzene to rodents causes aplastic anemia and other blood disorders. Investigations on the mechanism(s) underlying the carcinogenic and toxic actions of benzene have focused on its conversion to toxic metabolites and its ability to damage DNA.
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Nyhan William L. and Friedmann Theodore. "Disorders of Nucleotide Metabolism: Purines and Pyrimidines." In Metabolic Diseases. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-718-4-441.
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The disorders of purine metabolism encompass a spectrum of clinical abnormalities. Striking features are the hyperuricemia, neurologic abnormalities and unusual behavior of Lesch-Nyhan disease. Renal stone disease and deafness characterize PRPP deficiency and xanthine oxidase deficiency, as well as in orotic aciduria. In purine nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency, there is defective immune function. Patients with deficiency of adenylosuccinase have seizures and delayed development. Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency causes myopathy. Hypouricemia is found in xanthine oxidase deficiency, molybdenum cofactor deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Deficiency of deoxyguanine kinase deficiency leads to mitochondrial DNA depletion and hepatic failure. Deficiency of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase leads to hemolytic anemia. Toxic responses to customary doses of 5-Fluorouracil are found in disorders of pyrimidine metabolism, particularly dihydroprimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Cataldi, Mauro. "Anemonia Sulcata Toxin II." In xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008055232-3.63507-x.
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Cataldi, M. "Anemonia Sulcata Toxin II☆." In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99479-0.
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Thoendel, Matthew J., and Aaron J. Tande. "Stuck Between a Foot and a Soft Place." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Disease Case Review, edited by Larry M. Baddour, John C. O’Horo, Mark J. Enzler, and Rahul Kashyap. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190052973.003.0052.
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The potentially increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) developing with antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin−producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections has been reported since STEC was identified as a cause of HUS. HUS is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The increased risk of HUS development with antibiotic use remains a subject of investigation. The relative severity of HUS (compared with a typical postoperative infection) must be factored into the decision to use prophylactic antibiotics. The risk of HUS developing with antibiotic use also likely depends on the causative STEC strain.
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Osorio, Frederico. "General: Liver Transplantation." In Anesthesiology Applied Exam Board Review, edited by Ruchir Gupta and Minh Chau Joe Tran. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190852474.003.0005.
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In this chapter the essential aspects of anesthesia for liver transplantation are reviewed. Subtopics include the systemic manifestations of cirrhosis and their effects on anesthesia planning. Additionally, the hemodynamic consequences of the different stages of liver transplantation—preanhepatic, anhepatic, and reperfusion—are reviewed. The chapter is divided into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative sections with important subtopics related to the main topic in each section. Preoperative topics include relevant means of assessing cardiac and liver function status. Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome are also discussed. Issues related to intraoperative management include choice of monitor, hematological considerations, and induction. Postoperative topics discussed are postoperative bleeding, and coagulopathy and anemia.
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Pennington, M. W., W. R. Kem, and E. Karlsson. "Sea anemone potassium channel toxins." In Guidebook to Protein Toxins and Their Use in Cell Biology. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599555.003.0057.
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Abstract During screening for dendrotoxin-like compounds in marine organisms, extracts of several sea anemones were found to inhibit the binding of 125I-dendrotoxin I, a probe for voltage dependent potassium channels, to rat brain synaptosomal membranes (Harvey et al. 1991; Karlsson et al. 1991). Two toxins were later isolated from Carib¬ bean sea anemones, ShK toxin from Stichodactyla helianthus (Karlsson et al. 1992; Aneiros et al. 1993; Castaneda et al. 1995) and BgK toxin from Bunodosoma granulifera (Karlsson et al. 1992). More recently, another toxin has been isolated from Anemonia sulcata, which we refer to here as AsK toxin (Schweitz et al. 1995). These toxins are known to block voltage-dependent potassium channels.
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Briggs, Aaron. "Climate Change, Conflict, and Contagion: Emerging Threats to Global Public Health." In Healthcare Access - New Threats, New Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108920.
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The present era is defined by a confluence of crises and a degree of global interconnectedness without historic precedent. A Toxic Triumvirate of climate change, conflict, and contagion have synergistically functioned to cast our collective, global public health into extreme jeopardy. The COVID-19 pandemic, War in Ukraine, and advancing climactic catastrophe have devastated our world: destabilizing nations, severing vital supply lines, and fracturing indispensable health infrastructure. All the while, the threat of nuclear war and the risk of devastating pandemic from emerging infectious disease (EID) grow in the unchecked wounds of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Nations of the Global South have been rendered super-vulnerable to the Toxic Triumvirate’s effects through historic global inequity and chronically anemic international support. These “developing” nations are subject to unsustainable extremes of risk secondary to a compounding of hazard. This amplified risk is transmitted through our world via vibrant arteries of commerce that intimately connect us. Our world’s collective health is in a state of jeopardy demanding a vigorous, equitable, and cooperative international response. To chart a course toward a safe future for our children, we must rectify the profound inequities that present our world’s shared Achilles’ heel and invest in the sustainable development of LMIC.
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Valencia-Sanchez, Cristina, and Andrew McKeon. "Episodic Hemiparesis, Cognitive Decline, and Seizures in a Woman With Pernicious Anemia." In Mayo Clinic Cases in Neuroimmunology, edited by Andrew McKeon, B. Mark Keegan, and W. Oliver Tobin. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583425.003.0027.
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A 46-year-old woman with a history of pernicious anemia, sought care for intermittent episodes of weakness in her right upper extremity and speech difficulties followed by a headache. It was initially thought that she had migraine headaches. Blood tests showed increased thyrotropin and low free thyroxine levels, and she was diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. She initiated treatment with levothyroxine. One month later, the patient had a confusional episode and over the course of the following 2 months, the cognitive difficulties progressed. She was brought to the emergency department after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. On examination, she was profoundly encephalopathic. Formal bedside cognitive testing could not be obtained. Findings of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were normal. Electroencephalography revealed diffuse slowing. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed increased protein concentration and lymphocytic pleocytosis. Thyroid peroxidase antibody value was markedly increased. Thyroglobulin antibody value was also increased. Consistent with her history of pernicious anemia, she was positive for gastric parietal cell antibodies. The clinical presentation was compatible with steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto encephalopathy. The patient started levetiracetam therapy and had no further seizures. She received intravenous methylprednisolone. At the completion of treatment, her confusion rapidly and substantially improved. She was discharged home on oral prednisone. She also started pantoprazole, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation and Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis. For long-term immunotherapy, she initiated methotrexate. Three months later, the patient and her family reported 90% improvement in her cognitive functioning and resolution of the episodes of hemiparesis. The patient continued tapering prednisone. It was recommended that she continue methotrexate for 5 years before discontinuing. Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto encephalopathy, was initially described as strokelike episodes and subacute encephalopathy months after the onset of autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis.
Conference papers on the topic "Toxic anemia"
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Vasilevich, F. I., S. A. Shemyakova, and N. V. Esaulova. "VETERINARY AND MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HORSEFLY (TABANIDAE). REVIEW." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.133-137.
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The article provides information on the harmful effect of horseflies (Diptera,
 Tabanidae) as a midge component and a vector (carrier) transmitting pathogens
 of infectious and parasitic diseases including zoonosis. Horseflies are harmful
 to animals and humans in places of their abundance. Horseflies cause significant
 economic losses to livestock. With an intense attack of horseflies, individual areas
 of the skin of animals represent a continuous bleeding surface. Horsefly saliva
 inserted into a wound at the time of the bite is very toxic and allergenic causing a
 local inflammatory process and general intoxication of the body. The insects are
 of particular danger as vectors transmitting pathogens of animals and humans. The
 role of horseflies in the transmission of tularemia in natural foci of this infection has
 been proven. The sources of horsefly infection are primarily various small mammals
 including water rats. Horseflies are equally important as carriers of the anthrax
 pathogen. Causative agents of Coxiella burnetti infection, blackleg, pasteurellosis,
 and other infections have been isolated from horseflies. Horseflies are involved in the
 transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in horses and camels, anaplasmosis in cattle,
 Theileria cervi in reindeer, and equine infectious anemia virus.
2
Boogaerts, M. A., P. Zachée, M. P. Emonds, W. Goossens, R. L. Verwilghen, and R. L. Lins. "ERYTHROCYTES(RBC) AS SUICIDAL ENDOGENOUS SCAVENGERS IN IMMUNE TRIGGERED GRANULOCYTE(PMN)MEDIATED VASCULAR DAMAGE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643162.
Full textAbstract:
PMN produced toxic oxygen radicals(TOR)have been implicated in the generation of endothelial injury in a number of clinical conditions e.g. in apheresis,hemodialysis, ARDS and atherosclerosis. RBC have shown to inhibit TOR induced damage in a number of hyper-oxic lung injury models.We surmised RBC may serve as endogenous TOR scavengers in those in vivo situations where PMN are immunologically triggered(e.g. complement-activation in hemodialysis)to produce endothelial damage.However, RBC in their role as scavengers may became more vulnerable to further oxydant stress and display a reduced life span.Confluent monolayers of 51cr-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells will release 7.5 ± 1.3% of their label upon incubation with complement triggered PMN.When these PMN (l)are premixed with RBC(10),the endothelial damage can be inhibited by 78.4 ± 3.2%.This inhibition can be reproduced by replacing intact RBC by their hemolysates,but not by red cell ghosts.In a 51cr-RBC cytotoxicity system,phorbolester stimulated PMN will lyse 52.6 ± 4.2% RBC.Addition of unlabeled RBC(1/5),inhibits cytotoxicity by 31.1%,their hemolysate by 100%.Pretreatment of added unlabeled RBC with the anion channel blocker DIDS,did not significantly block the scavenger effect.RBC-targets fron hemodialysis-patients(n=8),are more vulnerable to PMN mediated cytotoxicity than normal controls(+24.1%,p<0.001). This vulnerability is further increased(+16.3%,p<0.05)during the early stages of the hemodialysis-procedure,at the time when granulocyte counts are lowest and TOR-generation highest.The GSH of he-modialysis-RBC can be more rapidly depleted upon challenge byAPH, while they also display a significant higher methemoglobin production upon sodium ascorbate challenge,both indicative of their, increased oxidative sensitivity. High dose Vitamin C(10™3M)or desfe-rioxamine(10™3M)inhibit all RBC cytotoxicity.We conclude that RBC serve as endogenous scavengers of TOR,generated by PMN,triggered by corplement activation during hemodialysis. However,by doing so,they became themselves more vulnerable to further oxidative stress,which may contribute to the chronic anemia of hemodialysis-patients.
3
Canaud, Bernard. "Mechanisms Supporting the Clinical Benefits of Hemodiafiltration: A Comprehensive Review." In 7th International Congress of Cardionephrology KARNEF 2025. Punta Niš, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/karnef25.144c.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Online hemodiafiltration (OHDF) is an advanced kidney replacement therapy (KRT) that enhances uremic toxin clearance and offers cardiovascular benefits over conventional high-flux hemodialysis (HD), provided that high convective volumes are achieved. Objective: This review examines the mechanisms underlying OHDF’s clinical and benefits and how they contribute to improve patient outcomes. Key Findings: OHDF improves vascular and cardiac health by stabilizing hemodynamics, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhancing middle- and large-molecular-weight toxin removal. Additional benefits include better anemia management, improved nutritional status, and enhanced quality of life. Future Directions: Research should explore patient-centered kidney care, effects on subgroup of patients such as diabetic, cardiac or elderly, and its potential role in incremental and intensive dialysis. Conclusion: OHDF is a superior dialysis modality that improves survival and patient outcomes, primarily by improving vascular and cardiac health. These benefits underscore the need for broader adoption and patient-centered optimization of OHDF.
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Ghereg, Melania, Nina Chiorchina, Maria Tabăra, and Veaceslav Ghendov. "The initiation of sternbergia colchiciflora (amaryllidaceae) in tissue culture." In Scientific International Symposium “Advanced Biotechnologies - Achievements and Prospects” (VIth Edition). Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/abap6.2022.54.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most threatened groups of higher vascular plants is the family Amaryllida-ceae. This family includes worldwide about 1100 species from 85 genera, which occur mostly in tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It also represents one of the largest gro-ups of ornamental bulbiferous plants that are used in landscape design, particularly in stone and rock gardens. They are of high ornamental value, being used in floral arrangements, as cut flowers and as potted plants for interior design, on balconies and terraces [2]. The genus Sternbergia belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae, all species in this family contain highly toxic alkaloids: tazettine, lycorine, belladine, galantamine, etc., which are known to have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antileukemic and immunostimulating pro-perties [4]. The species of this genus are also of great interest as ornamental plants due to their attractive golden-yellow or white colors (only in Sternbergia candida B. Mathew et T. Baytop), which usually bloom in early spring and autumn. Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. is a critically endangered species, in the Re-public of Moldova, it grows in the adjacent area of Merenii Noi commune (Anenii Noi d.), Copanca commune (Causeni), Ciumai village (Taraclia) and Valeni commune (Cahul), the species is at the northern limit of its range. Abroad, it occurs in Southern Europe and the Caucasus. It is found in glades of downy oak forests and on hills with steppe vegetation. Quantitatively, it grows solitarily or in groups of 3-7 specimens, forming small clumps. The populations are in danger because of the afforestation of steppe sectors. Limiting factors are caused by extreme conditions at the boundary of its range, cultivation of primary steppe sectors, overgrazing. It is a perennial geophyte, ephemeral plant. The fruits and leaves de-velop in spring; the fruits ripen in April [1]. In summer, the species is inactive, surviving as a bulb. The flowering period is extremely short, lasting for 2-3 weeks, in August-September (depending on the amount of atmospheric precipitation). It can be used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is protected by law in the Republic of Moldova, included in the lists of the CITES Convention and in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, (3rd edition). Sternbergia colchiciflora can be propagated by seeds and bulbs. However, the growth of plants from seed takes five or more years from seed to the development of a plant capable of producing flowers. Besides, the ability to form bulbs is low. The reproduction rate is not satisfactory because, 1-2 bulbs are produced per year, and because they are harvested to be used in the pharmaceutical industry and are planted for decorative purposes, there has been a significant reduction of populations in natural habitats [5]. Recently, scientific progress has been characterized by the use of biotechnology in the multiplication and conservation of en-dangered plants. This study was aimed at obtaining material of Sternbergia colchiciflora by tissue culture for its subsequent multiplication and obtaining a large number of bulbs.
Reports on the topic "Toxic anemia"
1
Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson, and Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
Full textAbstract:
1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.