Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Trung Dinh Pham, Nghia Mai Duc, and Tuan Duc Ho. "Restrict Toxic Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines to Protect the Environment by Using Diesel Fuel Mixed with Vegetable Oil." Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 7, no. 2 (2025): 62–75. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i2.7693.

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For internal combustion engines, engines installed for transport ships, cargo ships, and fishing vessels are mainly diesel engines. The number of engines is increasing due to the development of the maritime and seafood exploitation sectors. Therefore, the high demand for petroleum fuels increases environmental pollution due to engine emissions. Reducing environmental pollution from the combustion of petroleum fuels has become a concern worldwide, especially for internal combustion engines. The exhaust gases from the engine contain harmful substances such as soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuel
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CHŁOPEK, Zdzisław. "The estimation of emissions from internal combustion engines fuelled by bioethanol." Combustion Engines 132, no. 1 (2008): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117284.

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The use of bioethanol fuels is one of the most efficient methods of reduction of toxic emission and reduction of engine noxiousness to the environment at the same time. The ecological effects of the bioethanol fuel application fuelling spark ignition engines and self–ignition engines are presented in the paper. The paper presents original, not yet published, test results of the Scania DC9 E02 270 engine.
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Vasilescu, M. V., O. Volintiru, Alexey Ivanovich Epikhin, and T. Toriya. "CLOSED-LOOP MARINE ENGINE OPERATION WITH ZERO EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS." Operation of Maritime Transport, no. 4 (March 9, 2023): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34046/aumsuomt105/38.

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In the modern world, the problem of environmental pollution with various toxic emissions is growing more and
 more. Exhaust or exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are one of those man-made factors. All countries
 impose restrictions on the concentration of hazardous substances, for example: Euro - for cars, Tier and Stage
 - for heavy equipment and MARPOL-73/78, which regulates emissions from maritime transport. The situation
 is extremely acute for marine vessels, since engines of impressive power that operate for a long period are
 difficult to adapt to stri
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Mai, Nghia Duc, Tuan Ho Duc, and Trung Dinh Pham. "Research on using vegetable oil-ethanol mixture as fuel for diesel engine driving generator." E3S Web of Conferences 621 (2025): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202562102003.

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The demand for petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines, including diesel engines, is increasing, which increases pollution emissions from engine exhaust, negatively affecting the environment. In response to environmental protection requirements, many biofuels are produced and applied to engines to limit dependence on petroleum fuels and reduce toxic emissions because biofuels are environmentally friendly and renewable. However, the engine’s specific fuel consumption may increase due to the differences in combustion properties between vegetable oil and diesel fuel. This article used a m
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STEPANENKO, Denys, and Zbigniew KNEBA. "Thermodynamic modeling of combustion process of the internal combustion engines – an overview." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-306.

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The mathematical description of combustion process in the internal combustion engines is a very difficult task, due to the variety of phenomena that occurring in the engine from the moment when the fuel-air mixture ignites up to the moment when intake and exhaust valves beginning open. Modeling of the combustion process plays an important role in the engine simulation, which allows to predict in-cylinder pressure during the combustion, engine performance and environmental impact with high accuracy. The toxic emissions, which appears as a result of fuels combustion, are one of the main environm
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Tuan Duc Ho, Nghia Duc Mai, and Trung Dinh Pham. "Improving the Combustion Process of Biofuels for Diesel Engines to Reduce Environmental Pollution." Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 7, no. 7 (2025): 227–39. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i7.8832.

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Limiting environmental pollution from exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines includes many measures, including encouraging biofuel use because biofuel is environmentally friendly and renewable. A mixture of diesel fuel and vegetable oil is a form of biofuel. However, some properties of the mixed fuel, such as viscosity and density, are higher than those of traditional diesel fuel, affecting the injection and combustion process and reducing power and non-optimal toxic emissions, especially soot emissions. This study uses Kiva-3V software to simulate the combustion process of a diese
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Nam, Cao Dao. "Perspective on Low-Temperature Combustion Applied to the Strategies of NOx Emission Reduction." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 1 (2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.1.1078.

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Compression ignition engine and PPCI-Partially Premixed Combustion Ignition, in which part of the fuel is sprayed on the fill line and the remainder is directly sprayed in the cylinder, bringing the advantages of both gasoline engine (fuel blends well with air) and diesel engine (compressed by compression). At the same time, it is possible to control the burning time of the mixture and the engine is stable and continuous thanks to the second fuel injection directly in the combustion chamber. This new method of forming mixtures and fire concepts in engines can solve both the problem of toxic co
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Nam, Cao Dao. "Perspective on Low-Temperature Combustion Applied to the Strategies of NOx Emission Reduction." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.1.1078.

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Compression ignition engine and PPCI-Partially Premixed Combustion Ignition, in which part of the fuel is sprayed on the fill line and the remainder is directly sprayed in the cylinder, bringing the advantages of both gasoline engine (fuel blends well with air) and diesel engine (compressed by compression). At the same time, it is possible to control the burning time of the mixture and the engine is stable and continuous thanks to the second fuel injection directly in the combustion chamber. This new method of forming mixtures and fire concepts in engines can solve both the problem of toxic co
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Lv, Junshuai, Su Wang, and Beibei Meng. "The Effects of Nano-Additives Added to Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine: A Review." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031032.

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How to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions has been a hot research topic in the engine field and related disciplines. Researchers have found that nano-additives to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends have achieved significant results. Many research results and both current and previous studies on nanoparticles have shown that nano-additives play an essential role in improving the performance of internal combustion engines and reducing the emission of harmful substances. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of nanoparticles as additives for diesel-biodiesel fue
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Yin, Ruoyu. "Current situation and looking-forward advancement of internal combustion engine." Applied and Computational Engineering 26, no. 1 (2023): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/26/20230835.

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With a history of over 100 years, the internal combustion engine has undergone continuous technological advancements, making it widely utilized in various sectors such as industry, agriculture, and transportation. This is due to its high thermal efficiency and broad power range. However, the rapid growth of the global economy has led to a significant increase in the number of internal combustion engines, resulting in heightened energy consumption and environmental pollution concerns. Consequently, new technical requirements have been imposed on internal combustion engines. One key focus for re
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Лямцев, Олександр Вікторович, Александр Викторович Лямцев, Oleksandr Viktorovych Liamtsev та Р. П. Штирхун. "Використання альтернативних видів моторного пального як чинник вирішення екологічних проблем". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11868.

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Транспорт, особливо автомобільний, є потужним джерелом забруднення довкілля, зокрема атмосфери. Він, на відміну від промислових підприємств, належить до рухомих (мобільних) джерел забруднення. Токсичними викидами двигунів внутрішнього згоряння автотранспорту є відпрацьовані й картерні гази, пари палива із карбюраторного та паливного баку. Проблема зменшення викидів транспортними засобами є надзвичайно актуальною. Необхідність покращення стану навколишнього середовища від забруднення відпрацьованими газами автотранспорту поставила питання розробки альтернативних видів двигунів внутрі
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Seward, Balaji B. "Small engine emissions testing laboratory development and emissions sampling system verification." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11024.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 110 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-110).
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Lakkis, Sari. "New Gas Sensor for Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0064/document.

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L’analyse des gaz d’échappement des moteurs à combustion interne a été traditionnellement réalisée en laboratoires en utilisant des analyseurs de gaz en vrac avec des équipements coûteux. Afin de créer un système capable de réaliser le travail de ces analyseurs, un capteur pouvant détecter plusieurs gaz simultanément est indispensable pour en mesurer la concentration. En effet, utiliser un capteur pour chaque gaz est couteux et peut amener à des procédures complexes d’analyse en raison des différentes technologies utilisées. De plus, l’utilisation de multiples capteurs donne lieu à une perte d
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IEMMOLO, DANIELE. "Alternative fuels and combustion modes to lower pollutant emissions from conventional internal combustion engines." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2724575.

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Sogbesan, Oluwasujibomi. "Strategies for reducing hydrocarbon emissions in diesel low temperature combustion." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21569.

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Government legislation on particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions have become increasingly stringent over the past decades. Future projections have led to internal combustion (IC)engine developers exploring advanced combustion technologies which may replace or supplement current state of the art systems. Advanced combustion technologies such as Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) cover a broad series of mechanisms that seek to attain in-cylinder Equivalence ratio (f) - Temperature (T) combinations during combustion which lead to acceptable emissions of exhaust PM and NOX. T
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Raggini, Lorenzo <1994&gt. "Modelling, control and testing of internal combustion engines to minimize consumption and pollutant emissions." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10195/1/MODELLING%2C%20CONTROL%20AND%20TESTING%20OF%20INTERNAL%20COMBUSTION%20ENGINES%20TO%20MINIMISE%20CONSUMPTION%20AND%20POLLUTANT%20EMISSIONS.pdf.

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The objective of the PhD thesis was to research technologies and strategies to reduce fuel consumption and pollutants emission produced by internal combustion engines. In order to meet this objective my activity was focused on the research of advanced controls based on cylinder pressure feedback. These types of control strategies were studied because they present promising results in terms of engine efficiency enhancement. In the PhD dissertation two study cases are presented. The first case is relative to a control strategy to be used at the test bench for the optimisation of the spark advan
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Angelis, Yerasimos. "Quantification of environmentally sensitive emissions by substitution of traditional internal combustion (IC) technology with hydrogen fuelled IC engines." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University member only until May, 20, 2014, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26222.

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Massey, Jeffery A. "Indication of cylinder pressure rise rate by means of vibration and acoustic emissions of an internal combustion engine." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Massey_09007dcc804cc3c8.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-128).
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Huang, Yiqun. "The effects of fuel volatility, structure, speed and load on HC emissions from piston wetting in direct injection spark ignition engines." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035951.

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Calisesi, Federico. "The analysis of the injection of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures in gasoline-powered internal combustion engines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15553/.

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The effects on combustion derived by the blending of hydrogen with traditional fuels adopted for internal combustion engines have been studied. Results derived by emission tests of a gasoline-fed vehicle equipped with a system for the production of hydrogen on-board have been analysed. The energy balance for the engine was evaluated. It demonstrated the increase of fuel consumptions to perform electrolysis process on-board the vehicle. Afterwards, numerical simulations based on a detailed kinetic model have been performed to calculate pollutant emissions produced by methane and iso-octane (whi
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Books on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Fujita, Eric M. Concentrations of air toxics in motor vehicle-dominated environments: With a critique by the HEI Health Review Committee. Health Effects Institute, 2011.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting (1996 : Dearborn, Mich.), eds. Combustion and emissions in SI engines. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1996.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and International Truck and Bus Meeting & Exposition (1996 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Emissions formation and in-cylinder control of emissions in SI engines. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1996.

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Merker, Günter P. Combustion Engines Development: Mixture Formation, Combustion, Emissions and Simulation. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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D, Roy G., ed. Propulsion combustion: Fuels to emissions. Taylor & Francis, 1998.

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International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition (1991 : Milwaukee, Wis.), ed. Two-stroke engines, small engines, and emissions reductio n. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1991.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and International Congress & Exposition (1997 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Spark-ignition engine combustion and emissions. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1997.

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Shannon, Vinyard, Keribar Rifat, United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Vehicle and Engine Research and Development., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The effect of insulated combustion chamber surfaces on direct-injected diesel engine performance, emissions, and combustion. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Vehicle and Engine R & D, 1989.

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Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition (1989 Houston, Tex.). Advances in engine emissions control technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Conference. Internal combustion engines: Improving performance, fuel economy and emissions : 29-30 November 2011, IMechE, London. Woodhead Pub., 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Droździel, Paweł. "Emission of toxic components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines." In The Vehicle Diesel Engine Start-up Process. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003253976-2.

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Cernat, Alexandru, Constantin Pana, Niculae Negurescu, Cristian Nutu, and Gheorghe Lazaroiu. "An Overview on Pollutant Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55448-3_6.

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Cernat, Alexandru, Constantin Pana, and Niculae Negurescu. "Solutions for Polluting Emissions Reduction in Internal Combustion Engines." In Innovative Renewable Waste Conversion Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81431-1_11.

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Martins, Jorge Jose Gomes. "Emissions Form Internal Combustion Engines: European Legislation and Impact upon Technology." In Industrial Air Pollution. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76051-8_19.

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Chauhan, Balendra V. S., M. K. Shukla, and Atul Dhar. "Effect of n-Butanol and Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance and Emissions." In Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0931-2_10.

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Milev, George, Amin Al-Habaibeh, and Daniel Shin. "Impact of Replacing Conventional Cars with Electric Vehicles on UK Electricity Grid and Carbon Emissions." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_25.

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AbstractThis paper estimated the effect of electric vehicle transition on UK road and how it impacts on electricity supply and the reduction of carbon emissions. It used a scenario in which all cars that utilise internal combustion engines will be replaced by EVs in the UK. The methodology is based on speculating the future number of EVs in Great Britain, which helped in estimating the amount of additional electricity usage that would be required for the scenario. The results revealed that approximately 81 TWh of additional electricity must be produced annually to compensate for such expansion
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Bleuanus, Sebastiaan, Genny Paviotti, and Andrea Visintin. "The Ammonia2-4 EU-Funded Project: Demonstrating a 2- Stroke and 4-stroke Large Scale Ammonia Marine Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89444-2_107.

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Abstract Internal combustion engines running on ammonia are increasingly considered as important facilitator among research, industry and policy communities in reaching EU environmental goals. The overall aim of the Ammonia2–4 project is to demonstrate at full scale two types of dual fuel marine engines running on ammonia as main fuel: a 4-stroke engine and a 2-stroke medium-pressure ammonia fuel injection platform. Both engine innovations are expected to result in at least 80% less GHG emissions (including nitrous oxide emissions), NOx emissions below IMO Tier III regulations and a negligible
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Punov, Plamen, Teodossi Evtimov, Radu Chiriac, Adrian Clenci, Quentin Danel, and Georges Descombes. "Progress in High Performances, Low Emissions, and Exergy Recovery in Internal Combustion Engines." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_64.

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Pineda, Walter Josué Semiglia, Jackson Vidal Suarez, and Néstor Rivera Campoverde. "Comparison of Environmental Impact Between Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Analysis of Pollutant Emissions in Real Driving Emissions Test." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_14.

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Abstract This article conducts a comparative analysis of emission factors from three vehicle types (sedan, crossover, SUV) during a Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test, adhering to Euro 6 norms for accuracy. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), combining internal combustion engines with electric propulsion, are examined in real-time driving conditions in a high-altitude city. Data collection involves PID signals, pollutant gas measurements, and GPS data, analyzed using engineering software and statistical methods. The study identifies that aggressive driving behaviors and acceleration phases notably
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Cerri, T., G. D’Errico, G. Montenegro, et al. "A 1D co-simulation approach for the prediction of pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25939-6_58.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Postrzednik, Stefan, Zbigniew Żmudka, and Leonard Ogierman. "Parameters and Toxicity of Internal Combustion Engines Emission." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0310.

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Abstract The relative emission indices of toxic substances (CO, NOx, HC, ...), one φp,i - in relation to the fuel consumption, and the other φe,i - to the power output, are defined. A general application of these indices for engine evaluation on the basis of toxic substances emitted, is proposed. The defined relative indices φp,i and φe,i depend on the operating factors, and by that explain the basis of the problem of toxic substances emission. For illustration, selected emission indices (for carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen oxides NOx, and hydrocarbons HC) in the whole operation range of Diesel e
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Hountalas, Dimitrios T., Georgios N. Zovanos, David Sakellarakis, and Antonios K. Antonopoulos. "Validation of Multi-Zone Combustion Model Ability to Predict Two Stroke Diesel Engine Performance and NOx Emissions Using on Board Measurements." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81100.

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Diesel engines are almost exclusively used for propulsion of marine vessels. They are also used for power generation either on vessels or power stations because of their superior efficiency, high power concentration, stability and reliability compared to other alternative power systems. However, a significant drawback of these engines is the production of exhaust gases some of which are toxic and thus can be a threat to the environment. The most important toxic gaseous pollutants found in the exhaust gas of a marine diesel engine are NOx (NO, NO2 etc), CO and SOx. Particulate matter is also a
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Kappanna, Hemanth, Marc C. Besch, Daniel K. Carder, Mridul Gautam, Adewale Oshinuga, and Matt Miyasato. "Development of an Advanced Retrofit Aftertreatment System Targeting Toxic Air Contaminants and Particulate Matter Emissions From HD-CNG Engines." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35131.

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Increasing urban pollution levels have led to the imposition of evermore stringent emissions regulations on heavy-duty engines used in transit buses. This has made compressed natural gas (CNG) a promising fuel for reducing emissions, particularly particulate matter (PM) from heavy-duty transit buses. Indeed, research studies performed at West Virginia University (WVU) and elsewhere have shown that pre-2010 compliant natural gas engines emit an order of magnitude lower PM emissions, on a mass basis, when compared to diesel engines without any exhaust aftertreatment devices. However, on a number
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Suryawanshi, J. G., and N. V. Deshpande. "Experimental Investigations on a Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester Fuelled Diesel Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1040.

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Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuel with the potential to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The methyl ester of jatropha oil, known as biodiesel, is receiving increasing attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The biodiesel is obtained through transesterification process. Various properties of the biodiesel thus developed are evaluated and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel oil. In the present investigation neat jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) as well as the blends of varying proportions of jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) and diesel were used
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Storey, J. M., S. A. Lewis, T. Dam, K. W. Kahl, and T. J. Theiss. "Regulated and Unregulated Emissions From a Stoichiometric 250kW Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0978.

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The emissions profile from a natural gas (NG) stationary power, stoichiometric, engine have been measured. Of particular interest are the unregulated emissions (especially formaldehyde) from this engine class. A relatively small 250 kW Caterpillar G3406 engine without a catalyst was used as the test platform with the emissions being characterized as a function of applied load and external conditions. In addition, multiple formaldehyde measurement techniques have been used and are compared. This paper presents the formaldehyde results, comparison of formaldehyde with various other parameters, a
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Arabian, Ehsan, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Investigation of NO2 Formation Kinetics in Dual-Fuel Engines With Lean Premixed Methane-Air Charge." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9581.

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A dual fuel engine concept with lean premixed methane-air charge ignited by a diesel pilot flame is highly promising for reducing NOx and soot emissions. One drawback of this combustion method, however, is the high nitric dioxide (NO2) emissions observed at certain operating points. NO2 is a toxic gas, which is identifiable by its yellow color. In this paper the conditions leading to increased NO2 formation have been investigated using a batch reactor model in Cantera. In a first step, it has been found that the high emission levels of NO2 can be traced back to the mixing of small amounts of q
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Stark, Michael, Felix Fellner, Martin Härtl, and Malte Jaensch. "Method for Externally Controlled Availability of Lubricating Oil in Internal Combustion Engines." In 2025 Stuttgart International Symposium. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0302.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Reduced raw emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) are a key requirement to reach future green-house-gas and pollutive emissions regulations. In parallel, to satisfy the need for increased engine efficiencies, the friction losses of ICEs gains attention. Measures to reduce parasitic drag inside the piston assembly such as reduced piston-ring pretension or thinner grade engine oils may increase oil ingress into the combustion chamber. The oil ingress is known to imply increased particle emissions directly counte
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Leach, Felix, Martin Davy, and Mark Peckham. "Cycle-to-Cycle NO and NOx Emissions From a HSDI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9772.

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Engine-out NOx emissions from diesel engines continue to be a major topic of research interest. While substantial understanding has been obtained of engine-out (i.e. before any aftertreatment) NOx formation and reduction techniques, not least EGR which is now well established and fitted to production vehicles, much less data are available on cycle resolved NOx emissions. In this work, crank-angle resolved NO and NOx measurements have been taken from a high-speed light duty diesel engine at test conditions both with and without EGR. These have been combined with 1D data of exhaust flow and this
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Hasan, Hanapi, Siman Siman, Safri Gunawan, Hasan Maksum, and Agus Noviar P. "Review the Effect of using Bioetanol Fuel in Internal Combustion Engine to Reduce Toxic Gas Emissions." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science, and Culture, ICIESC 2023, 24 October 2023, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-10-2023.2342282.

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Baratta, Mirko, and Ezio Spessa. "Turbocharged CNG Engines for Urban Transportation: Evaluation of Turbolag Reduction Strategies by Means of Computational Analyses." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76067.

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Nowadays, many urban buses for public transportation are fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG), due to its potential for energy saving and pollutant reduction, with specific reference to particulate matter emissions. However, turbocharging is required to recover the gaseous-fuel related power gap with respect to more traditional engines running on liquid fuels. Therefore, turbolag reduction is fundamental to achieve high performance during engine transients. Significant support for the study of turbocharged CNG engines and guidelines for the turbomatching process can be provided by 1D numeri
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Reports on the topic "Toxic emissions of internal combustion engines"

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Olsen. L52073 Integrated Test Plan. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011305.

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This report assimilates and interprets the large body of data generated under the Integrated Test Program (ITP), with particular emphasis on the investigation of formaldehyde formation in large bore natural gas engines. Formaldehyde is a toxic emission that is specifically troublesome for natural gas engines because it is a primary combustion intermediate. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently developing air toxic regulations for oil and gas production, as declared by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The EPA is scheduled to promulgate air toxic regulations for internal co
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Kirby S. Chapman and Amar Patil. Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions Characterization of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Fueled with Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/927586.

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Olsen and Fletcher. L52071 Literature Review Fuel-Air Mixing in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010949.

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Mixing is viewed as being problematic in many internal combustion engines, particularly large bore natural gas engines. In reviewing the literature an attempt is made to distinguish between the influences of mixing and turbulence, although for much of the published research the distinction is not made. Mixing is determined to have a major impact on engine efficiency, overall emissions, flame propagation, and cycle-to-cycle variations. The improvement of engine efficiency and overall emissions is concluded to be primarily due to the extension of the lean limit, a direct consequence of improved
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Fischer and Bothwell. PR-309-14211-R01 SCR Application to Typical Two-Stroke Cycle Pipeline Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010848.

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Future emissions regulations for the natural gas industry are imminent and will be, in some cases, very severe.� One of many possible technologies that may be applied to meet these regulations is an exhaust gas after treatment called Selective Catalytic Reduction or SCR. Application of SCR to 2 stroke cycle internal combustion engines offers a unique set of challenges unlike any other in existing SCR systems. This paper reviews these various challenges in detail, enumerates a functional specification for a �typical� compressor station, evaluates a selection of possible SCR system candidates� a
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Gattoni and Olsen. PR-179-10211-R01 Advanced Control Techniques and Sensors for Gas Engines with NSCR. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010987.

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High exhaust emissions reduction efficiencies from a spark ignited (SI) internal combustion engine utilizing an NSCR catalyst system requires complex fuel control strategies. The allowable equivalence ratio operating range is very narrow where NSCR systems achieve high exhaust emissions reduction efficiencies of multiple species. Current fuel control technologies utilizing lambda sensor feedback are reported to be unable to sustain these demands for extended operation periods and when transients are introduced. Lambda sensor accuracy is the critical issue with current fuel controllers. The goa
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Beshouri, Greg. PR-309-14212-R01 Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011545.

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Local, state and federal regulations in the United Sates tend to favor NSCR as the emissions control technology of choice for lower output internal combustion (IC) engines. The technology can achieve extremely low emissions levels for NOx, CO and total hydrocarbons (THC). Theoretically an end user can add it on to any rich burn engine at relatively low cost and the technology scales down to the smallest IC engines. While superficially a "simple and proven" technology, NSCR control is in fact extremely complex, far more complex than the control of lean burn engines. The underlying problems with
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McCarthy, James, Jeffrey Panek, and Tom McGrath. PR-312-12206-R02 FTIR Formaldehyde Measurement at Turbine NESHAP and Ambient Levels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011476.

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When natural gas is combusted, formaldehyde is formed as an intermediate product as methane is converted to CO2 during combustion. Formaldehyde is regulated by the U.S. EPA as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) regulations, and both turbines and reciprocating engines are listed source categories where EPA is required to develop regulations. NESHAPs have been adopted for natural gas-fired combustion turbines and reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE), with initial regulations in 2004 that included a 91 parts per bill
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Bajwa, Abdullah, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-17201-R02 Residual Gas Fraction Estimation Based on Measured Engine Parameters. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011558.

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Gas exchange processes in two-stroke internal combustion engines, commonly referred to as scavenging, are responsible for removing the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber and preparing the combustible fuel-oxidizer mixture that undergoes combustion and converts the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical work. Scavenging is a complicated phenomenon because of the simultaneous introduction of fresh gases into the engine cylinder through the intake ports, and the expulsion of combustion products from the previous cycles through the exhaust ports. A non-negligible fraction of the gaseous
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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Electrification. SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022029.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Highly automated vehicles are being developed alongside a variety of novel, disruptive technologies and a global focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. ADS can reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency for vehicles powered by traditional internal combustion engines. Electric motors can further raise the bar for both those areas, especially if the power used to charge an electric vehicle is generated from renewable sources. However, implementing electrified AVs requires a viable charging infras
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Grauer and Chapman. L52330 Development of an Active Air Control System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010447.

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Develop an active air control system that, when installed on a turbocharged-engine system, will reduce NOX emissions below the levels of the system alone. While the turbocharged-engine system allows the natural gas compression industry to decrease pollutant emissions via increased air flow, the physics of the system and the environments in which these systems operate restrict further advancements. A new model, the Charge Air Integrated Manifold Engine Numerical Simulation (CAIMENS). The CAIMENS model was used to: Quantify the effects of charge air imbalance between cylinders in terms of NOX pr
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