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Journal articles on the topic 'Toxic environmental chemicals; Ophthalmology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Van Vleet, Terry R., and Rick G. Schnellmann. "Toxic nephropathy: environmental chemicals." Seminars in Nephrology 23, no. 5 (September 2003): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00094-9.

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2

Alexander, Martin. "How Toxic Are Toxic Chemicals in Soil?" Environmental Science & Technology 29, no. 11 (November 1995): 2713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00011a003.

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3

Postel, Sandra. "ES Views: Controlling Toxic Chemicals." Environmental Science & Technology 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00166a602.

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4

Criss, Wayne E. "Molecular Mechanisms of Toxic Chemicals." Indoor and Built Environment 12, no. 6 (December 2003): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x03039691.

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5

Hathway, D. E. "Toxic Hazards of Rubber Chemicals." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.42.1.71.

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6

Howells, David H. "Editorial. Toxic Chemicals in Surface Waters." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00143a604.

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7

LaGrone, F. Scott. "Potential community exposure to toxic chemicals." Environmental Science & Technology 25, no. 3 (March 1991): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00015a001.

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8

Gross, Liza, and Linda S. Birnbaum. "Regulating toxic chemicals for public and environmental health." PLOS Biology 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2017): e2004814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004814.

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9

Perriman, R. J. "Controlling Toxic Chemicals in the Environment." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 106, no. 1 (February 1986): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408610600104.

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10

Baehr, Arthur L. "Toxic organic chemicals in porous media." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 8, no. 2 (November 1991): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(91)90017-u.

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11

Lewandowski, G., S. Salerno, N. McMullen, L. Gneiding, and D. Adamowitz. "Biodegradation of toxic chemicals using commercial preparations." Environmental Progress 5, no. 3 (August 1986): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670050317.

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12

Barreiro, Rodolfo, and James R. Pratt. "Toxic effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 64, no. 4 (June 1992): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1992.tb00045.x.

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13

Betts, Kellyn. "Good hygiene decreases exposure to toxic chemicals." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 9 (May 2008): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es087042o.

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14

Vos, Jef, Henk Van Loveren, Piet Wester, and Dick Vethaak. "Toxic effects of environmental chemicals on the immune system." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 1989): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(89)90031-x.

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15

Caton, Robert B., William H. Schroeder, and James W. S. Young. "Priority‐setting strategies for airborne toxic chemicals." International Journal of Environmental Studies 31, no. 2-3 (June 1988): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207238808710419.

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16

Allegra, Enrico, Richard W. Titball, John Carter, and Olivia L. Champion. "Galleria mellonella larvae allow the discrimination of toxic and non-toxic chemicals." Chemosphere 198 (May 2018): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.175.

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17

Caroli, Sergio, Antonio Menditto, and Ferdinando Chiodo. "The international register of potentially toxic chemicals." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3, no. 2 (June 1996): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02985501.

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18

Kadokami, Kiwao, Toshikazu Hiraki, and Taiji Jyotatsu. "Environmental surveys of toxic chemicals in aquatic environments in Japan." Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 7, no. 4 (December 2002): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2002.00196.x.

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19

Richmond, Martha. "Toxic chemicals: environmental impact, regulation, controversy, and education: editor’s introduction." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 6, no. 3 (May 14, 2016): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0398-1.

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20

Couillard, Catherine M., Simon C. Courtenay, and Robie W. Macdonald. "Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting vulnerability." Environmental Reviews 16, NA (December 2008): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-008.

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Environmental change can increase the vulnerability of aquatic species to toxic chemicals by challenging an organism’s aptitude to respond to chemicals or to repair toxic injury or by modifying animal behaviours like migration or predation. On the other hand, xenobiotics may affect the capacity of aquatic species to adapt to environmental challenges that come with change (e.g., pathogens, temperature). Across Canada we have identified a number of circumstances where chemicals and environmental variability have likely worked together to affect vulnerability of aquatic organisms. For example in the Maritimes, exposure to municipal wastewater or bleached kraft pulp mill effluent altered immune function in bivalves and increased their risk of developing haemocytic neoplasia, a disease known to cause high mortality. Northwest Atlantic cod stocks have experienced large-scale changes in environment and exhibit marked seasonal cycles in energy reserves. The risk associated with subsequent redistribution of persistent chemicals in the body together with nutritional deficiency is presently under evaluation since it could affect the recovery of these endangered stocks. In the Great Lakes, the introduction of an invasive fish species, the alewife, modified the diet of salmonids, which led to a deficiency of the vitamin thiamine in eggs causing early mortality. Contaminants may interact with thiamine deficiency and thus critically impair recruitment of salmonids. Viewing the risks presented by toxic chemicals from the point of view of species vulnerability, offers managers opportunities to mitigate such risks, for example, through habitat, ocean and fisheries management. Further research is needed to develop biomarkers of vulnerability, identify most vulnerable life stages and populations, to understand the interactions between global environmental changes, nutritional status, pathogens and toxic chemicals, and to develop integrated approaches to manage vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to toxic chemicals.

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21

Calabrese, E. J. "Sex differences in susceptibility to toxic industrial chemicals." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.9.577.

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22

Vesell, E. S. "Pharmacogenetic perspectives on susceptibility to toxic industrial chemicals." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.44.8.505.

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23

Tolentino, A. S., A. T. Brabante, and M. V. David. "Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Management in the Philippines." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9000800120.

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24

TOLENTINO, A., A. BRABANTE, and M. DAVID. "Toxic chemicals and hazardous waste management in the Philippines." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(90)90033-j.

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25

Schafer, K. S. "Persistent toxic chemicals in the US food supply." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.11.813.

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26

Edwards, F. G., E. Egemen, R. Brennan, and N. Nirmalakhandan. "Ranking of toxics release inventory chemicals using a level III fugacity model and toxicity." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0634.

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In an effort to lessen the environmental impact of chemicals discharged by industry, some countries rank chemicals according to mass released each year and then set environmental protection policy based upon this ranking. These rankings have driven industries and companies to change their process configurations and their chemical releases to reduce the release of higher ranking chemicals. But, chemicals that are higher ranked due to mass release may not be particularly toxic nor persistent in the environment; conversely, lower ranked chemicals may be substantially more toxic and persistent in the environment. The physical/chemical properties of forty five organic chemicals from the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory were used as inputs to a Level III fugacity model to estimate fate, transport, and steady state concentrations of chemicals in the environment. The resulting concentrations in the air and water, for each chemical, were determined using the fugacity model and were then compared with toxicity data, the ratio was used as an indication of the environmental impact of the release of each chemical. The chemicals were then ranked according to the degree of environmental impact and the results were compared to other ranking systems reported in the literature.

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27

Becker, Monica, Ken Geiser, and Cheryl Keenan. "Peer Reviewed: Massachusetts Tries to Cut Toxic Chemicals Use." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 12 (December 1997): 564A—567A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es972608m.

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28

deFur, Peter L., and Lisa Foersom. "Toxic Chemicals: Can What We Don't Know Harm Us?" Environmental Research 82, no. 2 (February 2000): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.4023.

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29

Sweeney, Ellen. "The Role of Healthcare Professionals in Environmental Health and Fertility Decision-Making." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 27, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291117691074.

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There is increasing evidence that raises specific concerns about prenatal exposures to toxic substances which makes it necessary to consider everyday exposures to industrial chemicals and toxic substances in consumer products, including endocrine disrupting chemicals. Pregnant women have measurable levels of numerous toxic substances from exposures in their everyday environments, including those which are associated with adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes. As a result, environmental contexts have begun to influence the decisions women make related to fertility, as well as the formal guidelines and advice provided by healthcare professionals. This article provides an overview of the potential role for obstetricians and gynecologists in educating their patients about the role of toxic substances in fertility decision-making and pregnancy. It explores the emerging guidelines and recommendations from professional organizations and problematizes the limitations of these approaches.

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30

Alexander, Martin. "Biological Degradation and Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals." Journal of Environmental Quality 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500010030x.

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31

Shen, Ying-Cheng, Chun-Yuan Wang, Shih-Chao Fong, Hin-Yeung Tsai, and Yi-Fen Lee. "Diffuse lamellar keratitis induced by toxic chemicals after laser in situ keratomileusis." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 32, no. 7 (July 2006): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.142.

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32

Kaszniak, Mark, and John Vorderbrueggen. "Runaway chemical reaction exposes community to highly toxic chemicals." Journal of Hazardous Materials 159, no. 1 (November 2008): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.070.

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33

Heinold, David, Douglas Smith, and Bradley Schwab. "Evaluating potential impacts from accidental gaseous releases of toxic chemicals." Environmental Progress 7, no. 2 (May 1988): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.3300070213.

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34

Vojdani, Aristo, Mamdooh Ghoneum, and Nachman Brautbar. "Immune Alteration Associated with Exposure to Toxic Chemicals." Toxicology and Industrial Health 8, no. 5 (September 1992): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379200800502.

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Immunological abnormalities including lymphocyte subset, lymphocyte immune functional assays, chemical antibodies, and different markers for autoimmune response were examined in individuals exposed to a variety of chemicals in computer manufacturing plants. A comparison of 289 individuals exposed to chemicals to 120 controls revealed that exposed individuals had a significantly higher percentage with either increased or decreased T helper/T suppressor ratios. In addition, the individuals with abnormal T4/T8 ratios demonstrated significant elevation in chemical-hapten antibodies. Therefore, 87 exposed subjects with abnormal T4/T8 ratios were selected for further evaluation by lymphocyte phenotypic expression and T cell, B cell, NK activity, and autoimmune markers, and were compared to 60 controls. The comparison of exposed individuals with controls indicated elevation of T cell (CD3), B cell (CD19), and activated T cell (CDJO, CDJS, CD26, CD38), suppressed T cell and B cell function decreased or increased NK cell cytotoxic activity. Autoimmunity due to chemical exposure was evidenced by elevation of TAJ phenotype frequencies and presence of rheumatoid factor, immune complexes, ANA, and anti mye/in basic protein antibodies. We conclude that chemical exposure may induce immune abnormalities including immune suppression and autoimmunity.

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35

Patterson, R. J., R. E. Jackson, B. W. Graham, D. Chaput, and M. Priddle. "Retardation of Toxic Chemicals in a Contaminated Outwash Aquifer." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0082.

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Organic chemicals disposed between 1969 and 1980 in a “Special Waste Compound” at the Gloucester Landfill near Ottawa, Canada, are migrating through a confined outwash aquifer. The subsurface distribution of the chemicals down gradient from the disposal site suggests that chromatographic dispersion (i.e. aqueous phase solute transport plus sorption) is the major process controlling migration. Retardation factors calculated on the basis of relative lengths of contaminant plumes agree closely with those determined independently during a purge-well test and indicate a linear relationship with the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow): The slope, 0.50, of this relationship is at the low end of the range of values reported for other expressions of the same form determined principally on the basis of laboratory experiments. This lower slope may reflect the fact that in aquifers flow is predominantly through the coarser, less organic-rich units. The relatively low range of Kow values (log Kow from −0.27 to 2.83) represented by the contaminants may also be a factor contributing to a smaller slope value.

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36

Homan, B. A., and P. A. West. "How do Potentially-Toxic Chemicals Get Into Drinking Water?" Journal of the Royal Society of Health 113, no. 1 (February 1993): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409311300108.

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37

Foreman, Amy L., Leo Phillips, Vangelis G. Kanellis, Daoud Hammoudeh, Christoph Naumann, Henri Wong, Robert Chisari, et al. "A DNA-based assay for toxic chemicals in wastewater." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 8 (May 23, 2011): 1810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.568.

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38

Liu, Chang, Ting Sun, Xiaolong Xu, and Shaojun Dong. "Direct toxicity assessment of toxic chemicals with electrochemical method." Analytica Chimica Acta 641, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.027.

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39

Zeliger, Harold I. "Co-morditities of environmental diseases: A common cause." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0016.

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ABSTRACT The global pandemic of non-vector borne environmental diseases may, in large part, be attributed to chronic exposures to ever increasing levels of exogenous lipophilic chemicals. These chemicals include persistent organic pollutants, semi-volatile compounds and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Such chemicals facilitate the sequential absorption of otherwise not absorbed more toxic hydrophilic species that attack numerous body organs and systems, leading to environmental disease. Co-morbidities of noncommunicable environmental diseases are alarmingly high, with as many as half of all individuals chronically ill with two or more diseases. Co-morbidity is to be anticipated, since all of the causative chemicals identified have independently been shown to trigger the individual diseases.

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40

Carberry, J. B., and T. M. Benzing. "Peroxide Pre-Oxidation of Recalcitrant Toxic Waste to Enhance Biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0435.

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Land disposal is required for industrial chemicals which are not readily biodegraded. Such compounds lead to adverse effects on the environment if they escape containment. Recalcitrant and persistent hydrocarbons and chlorinated chemicals are inherently resistant to any degree of biodegradation and cause a growing threat to underground aquifer quality. Hydrogen peroxide is a potentially economical method of pre-oxidation utilized to enhance the biodegradation of persistent and recalcitrant organics in contaminated soil systems. This pre-oxidation technology was examined in a laboratory respirometer using three model toxic organic chemicals: toluene, trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Microbial cultures were selected from contaminated sites for the degradation of each model organic chemical. The rate at which the microbes degraded the organic chemicals in unoxidized aqueous systems was compared to the rate of degradation in peroxide pre-oxidized aqueous systems. Results indicated that pre-oxidation enhanced the biodegradation of trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Toluene, in contrast, was not significantly oxidized by pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide, and its biodegradation rate was not enhanced by the oxidation pre-treatment process.

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41

Bengtsson, G. "Persistent toxic chemicals: more than Stockholm persistent organic pollutants." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.11.833.

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42

Li, Lili, Changxiu Han, Xinyu Han, Yixiao Zhou, Li Yang, Baogui Zhang, and Jianli Hu. "Catalytic Decomposition of Toxic Chemicals over Metal-Promoted Carbon Nanotubes." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1022416.

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43

Ma, S. W. Y., C. S. W. Kueh, G. W. L. Chiu, S. R. Wild, and J. Y. Yip. "Environmental management of coastal cooling water discharges in Hong Kong." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0815.

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Seawater cooling systems are an essential feature of Hong Kong's large public, institutional, commercial and industrial complexes. Over 25 million cubic metres of seawater are used for cooling purpose everyday. Biofouling, scaling and corrosion are common operational problems encountered. These are generally combatted through the use of chemicals such as chlorine and other antifouling/anticorrosion chemicals which are toxic to marine organisms and potentially harmful to the environment. Due to the continuous daily discharge of large amounts of cooling seawater everyday, significant quantities of heat is dissipated and potentially toxic chemicals are released to the coastal environment. A comprehensive survey of the cooling water system operations in Hong Kong was commissioned by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department in 1996. The survey results indicate that some 93 major cooling water systems are currently operating in the territory, about 80% of which are located around Victoria Harbour. The majority of the cooling water systems are the once-through type, causing a temperature rise of 3–5°C above ambient at discharge points. Cooling water discharges from large power plants, on the other hand, may have a discharge temperature increase of 8–10°C above the ambient which is close to the upper thermal tolerance limit of most marine biota. Chlorine and amine-/surfactant-based biocides are the most commonly used antifouling/anticorrosion chemicals. An estimated 11,000 tonnes of chlorine are released into the marine environment of Hong Kong each year by the cooling systems. Chlorine and its reactive by-products are known to be toxic to marine life even at very low concentrations. Despite the large dilution capacity of seawater, chlorinated discharges may cause adverse ecological impacts, particularly in the vicinity of large cooling water outfalls. Sound management of Hong Kong's cooling systems is necessary to allow efficient use of seawater for cooling, while minimizing its adverse environmental impact. Such management practices include improved cooling system design, effective operation and maintenance for biofouling control. Overdosing of toxic chemicals should be avoided and there is a need to regularly monitor the effluents to ensure compliance with discharge standards.

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44

Alleman, Bruce C., Bruce E. Logan, and Robert L. Gilbertson. "A rapid method to screen fungi for resistance to toxic chemicals." Biodegradation 4, no. 2 (1993): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00702329.

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45

Scheringer, Martin, Dirk Steinbach, Beate Escher, and Konrad Hungerbühler. "Probabilistic approaches in the effect assessment of toxic chemicals." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 9, no. 5 (September 2002): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987572.

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46

Allan, R. J. "Toxic Chemical Pollution of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) and its Upper Estuary." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0192.

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Decline of the Beluga whale population in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River may be related to the high content of toxic metals and organic chemicals in their tissues. For three years, the National Water Research Institute has conducted research cruises of the St. Lawrence River to identify the major toxic chemical pollutants in the river and to determine their transport to, and fate in, the upper estuary. The impact of toxic chemicals in the estuarine zone is tied not only to their fate in the increasing salinity and turbidity zone of the upper estuary but to their source, transport mechanisms, and fate in the upstream river.

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47

Shapiro, Marc D. "Equity and information: Information regulation, environmental justice, and risks from toxic chemicals." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 24, no. 2 (2005): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20094.

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48

Venugopal, P. Dilip, Shannon K. Hanna, Gregory G. Gagliano, and Hoshing W. Chang. "No Butts on the Beach: Aquatic Toxicity of Cigarette Butt Leachate Chemicals." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.1.2.

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Objectives: Toxic pollutants leaching from littered cigarette butts (CB) raise environmental impact concerns. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impacts of its tobacco regulatory actions per the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Methods: We determined the chemical constituents in CB leachate through analyses of 109 field-collected CB and literature compilation and characterized their ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. Results: One-third of the 98 identified CB leachate chemicals were very toxic and 10% were toxic to aquatic organisms due to acute and chronic toxicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, phthalates, nicotine and volatile organic compounds were the most hazardous CB leachate chemicals for aquatic organisms. Of the 98 CB leachate chemicals, 25 are included in FDA's list of harmful or potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. Conclusions: Our study quantifies CB leachate constituents, characterizes their ecological hazard and identifies chemicals of concern. Thus, it aids in evaluating the environmental impacts of tobacco products per NEPA requirements. These results provide important information for strategies to prevent and reduce CB litter (eg, awareness programs, litter laws enforcement), thereby reducing environmental hazards from CB toxicants.

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49

Goldblum, David K., Steven E. Holodnick, Khalil H. Mancy, and Dale E. Briggs. "Oxygen transport in biofilm electrodes for screening of toxic chemicals." AIChE Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1990): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360105.

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50

Crain, N., A. Shanableh, and E. Gloyna. "Supercritical water oxidation of sludges contaminated with toxic organic chemicals." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0589.

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Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a proven technology for the treatment of contaminated organic wastes. Bench and pilot-scale work completed at The University of Texas at Austin's SCWO Laboratory have proven the technology effective for treating a variety of sludge types, including sludge contaminated with hazardous compounds. The studies included pulp and paper mill sludges and sludges derived from the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. The results presented in this paper confirmed that the removal of the organic component of sludge, including the trace toxic organic compounds, using SCWO exceeded 99.9%. For example, the results show that the destruction removal efficiencies (DRE's) of the PCBs reached 99.99% in the contaminated sludge. No dioxins or furans were detected in the gaseous effluent resulting from the treatment of the PCB-contaminated sludge. These results demonstrate the technical effectiveness of SCWO as a sludge remediation technology.

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