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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toxicity testing – In vivo

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Academic literature on the topic 'Toxicity testing – In vivo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

1

Heywood, Ralph. "Book Review: Handbook of In Vivo Toxicity Testing." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (1990): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800136.1.

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Auletta, Carol S. "Current in vivo Assays for Cutaneous Toxicity: Local and Systemic Toxicity Testing." Basic Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology 95, no. 5 (2004): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto950501.x.

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Kjellstrand, Per, Eva Lindqvist, and Carin Nilsson-Thorell. "Toxicity Testing of Polymer Materials for Dialysis Equipment: Reconsidering In Vivo Testing." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 28, no. 3 (2000): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290002800307.

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Bolotova, К. S., O. V. Buyuklinskaya, А. S. Chistyakova, О. V. Travina, and D. G. Chukhchin. "PRODUCTION AND IN VIVO TOXICITY TESTING OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE DERIVED FROM BACTERIAL CELLULOSE." Human Ecology, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2018-2-21-25.

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5

van de Sandt, Johannes J. M., Jacqueline van Schoonhoven, Wilfred J. M. Maas, and Alphons A. J. J. L. Rutten. "Skin Organ Culture as an Alternative to In Vivo Dermatotoxicity Testing." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 21, no. 4 (1993): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299302100406.

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Various aspects of acute cutaneous toxicity were studied in a skin organ culture model. Chemicals were applied topically for four hours, after which cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring the conversion of the tetrazolium salt, MTT. The relationship between pKa and cytotoxicity was investigated for a homologous series of benzoic acids. In this series, salicylic acid had the lowest pKa and proved to be the most toxic compound. Furthermore, the pH of the carrier solution was shown to influence the toxicity of chloroacetic acid and acetic acid in a different way. Using skin discs of both human and rabbit origin, we found that human skin was more resistant to toxicity induced by the irritants benzalkonium chloride and formaldehyde. As an additional aspect of dermal toxicology, the percutaneous absorption of testosterone was studied. After topical application to rabbit skin discs, testosterone was absorbed in a dose-dependent manner and concurrent metabolism was demonstrated.

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Kjellstrand, P., P. Lilliehorn, and G. Rydh�g. "Toxicity testing of polymer materials for dialysis equipment: is there any need forin vivo testing?" Cell Biology and Toxicology 10, no. 2 (1994): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00756494.

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Flint, Oliver P. "In Vitro Toxicity Testing: Purpose, Validation and Strategy." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800103.1.

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The fullest potential for in vitro evaluation of toxicity will be realised in the context of the process of assessing the risk of human toxicity. This article is an attempt to clarify what contributions can be made by in vitro tests and what types of in vitro test can best be used. In vitro tests are clarified according to the type of biological endpoint evaluated, first into tests for general (‘basal’) cytotoxicity and, secondly, into tests for differentiated cell function. The role of each type of test is analysed and it is suggested that tests for general cytotoxicity, as opposed to differentiated function, are difficult to interpret in terms of in vivo toxicity. A general approach to evaluating in vitro tests is described, and a strategy for using these tests is proposed.

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Wang, Danlei, Maartje H. Rietdijk, Lenny Kamelia, Peter J. Boogaard, and Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens. "Predicting the in vivo developmental toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rats by an in vitro–in silico approach." Archives of Toxicology 95, no. 10 (2021): 3323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03128-7.

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AbstractDevelopmental toxicity testing is an animal-intensive endpoints in toxicity testing and calls for animal-free alternatives. Previous studies showed the applicability of an in vitro–in silico approach for predicting developmental toxicity of a range of compounds, based on data from the mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST) combined with physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling facilitated reverse dosimetry. In the current study, the use of this approach for predicting developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model compound. A rat PBK model of BaP was developed to simulate the kinetics of its main metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), shown previously to be responsible for the developmental toxicity of BaP. Comparison to in vivo kinetic data showed that the model adequately predicted BaP and 3-OHBaP blood concentrations in the rat. Using this PBK model and reverse dosimetry, a concentration–response curve for 3-OHBaP obtained in the EST was translated into an in vivo dose–response curve for developmental toxicity of BaP in rats upon single or repeated dose exposure. The predicted half maximal effect doses (ED50) amounted to 67 and 45 mg/kg bw being comparable to the ED50 derived from the in vivo dose–response data reported for BaP in the literature, of 29 mg/kg bw. The present study provides a proof of principle of applying this in vitro–in silico approach for evaluating developmental toxicity of BaP and may provide a promising strategy for predicting the developmental toxicity of related PAHs, without the need for extensive animal testing.

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Noyes, Pamela D., Gloria R. Garcia, and Robert L. Tanguay. "Zebrafish as an in vivo model for sustainable chemical design." Green Chemistry 18, no. 24 (2016): 6410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc02061e.

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Heightened public awareness about the many thousands of chemicals in use and present as persistent contaminants in the environment has increased the demand for safer chemicals and more rigorous toxicity testing.

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Dorgelo, Folke O., Erik Biessen, and Gerrit M. Alink. "Are Cultured Neonatal Rat Heart Cells a Suitable Model for Predicting Acute and Chronic Toxicity In Vivo?" Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14, no. 1 (1986): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298601400104.

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Beating heart cells isolated from neonatal rats were used in an in vitro assay for testing the influence of chemical compounds on beating frequency. Half of the studied compounds had a no-effect level (NEL) in vivo based on changes in body weight or organ weight. Correlations were obtained between in vivo parameters such as LD50 values in acute toxicity studies and NELs in chronic toxicity studies, and in vitro parameters such as reduction in beating frequency and arrest of contraction. The in vitro parameters correlated well with in vivo LD50 values, but poorly with NELs in vivo.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

1

Masango, Mxolisi Goodwill. "A comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity of cyanotoxins using in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (mouse) assays." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122008-100402/.

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Sega, Estela Munhoz. "Determinação da toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de novos organofosforados e ressonancia magnetica nuclear do cloreto de acetilcolina." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311381.

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Orientadores: Nelci Fenalti Hoerhr, Roberto Rittner Neto<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T21:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sega_EstelaMunhoz_M.pdf: 1403353 bytes, checksum: 0aec5b888298032d359cc1b3cf0905b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Esse estudo analisou as propriedades toxicológicas de novos compostos organofosforados. Foram realizados experimentos para avaliar a atividade anticolinesterásica desses organofosforados, in vitro, no sangue total através do método de Ellman modificado. Para determinar a sua citotoxicidade foram utilizadas células PC 12, com as quais avaliamos a viabilidade celular após contato com os organofosforados e determinamos a IC 50, encontrando valores muito diferentes para os diversos organofosforados estudados. Estudos de toxicidade aguda in vivo foram realizados com camundongos, através da metodologia recomendada pela OECD nos quais determinamos a DL50 para três dos organofosforados estudados, sendo que um apresentou toxidade moderada. Foram analisados os efeitos dos solventes nas constantes de acoplamento JHH, JHH, JNC e 2Jnc em espectros de RMN de LH e 13C do cloreto de acetilcolina. Os valores das constantes de acoplamento em solventes de diferentes constantes dielétricas (s) não sofreram variações, indicando uma ausência de efeitos de solvente no equilíbrio conformacional do cloreto de acetilcolina (ACh). As constantes de acoplamento mostram que o sistema OCH2CH2N+ tem uma conformação gaúche (sinclinal). O Jnh e Jkc são observados na maioria dos solventes, mas não em solventes clorados e não são dependentes da viscosidade do solvente, esse comportamento foi explicado usando dados de medidas de Ti. Os valores dos coeficientes de difusão de RMN mostraram que a ACh tem uma grande tendência de se agregar quando dissolvida em solventes clorados, fato que pode explicar as diferenças observadas em valores de T1 para o 14N<br>Abstract: This study analyzed the properties of the news organophosphorus. Experiments had been carried through to evaluate the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase of these organophosphorus, in vitro, through the modified EUman's method. In order to determine its cytotoxicity cells PC 12 had been used, with which we evaluate the cellular viability after contact with the organophosphorus and determined the IC50, different values were found for the diverse organophosphorus. Studies of acute toxicity had been carried through with mice, following the methodology recommended by the OECD in which determine the DL50 for three of the organophosphorus studied, being that one presented moderate toxicity. Coupling constants values ( Jhh and Jnc) obtained from the 'H and 13 C NMR spectra of acetylcholine chloride (ACh) in several solvents with a wide range of dielectric constants (e) are remarkably invariant, indicating an absence of solvent effects in the conformational equilibrium of this compound. Those values show that the OCH2CH2N+ system occurs in a synclinal conformation. The Jnh and Jnc are observable in most solvents, but not in chlorine-containing solvents and are not dependent on solvent viscosity. This behavior was explained using data from Ti measurements. The measurement of NMR diffusion coefficients show that ACh has a greater tendency to aggregate when dissolved in chlorinated solvents, a fact that could explain the observed differences in 14N T1<br>Mestrado<br>Patologia Clinica<br>Mestre em Ciências Médicas

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Dobbs, Michael G. "Development of a three-trophic level toxicity test utilizing an alga (Chlorella vulgaris), rotifer (Brachinous calyciflorus), and fish (Pimephales promelas)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40164.

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In this research a test system was developed that is designed as a tool to evaluate the potential hazard of chemicals to aquatic ecosystems. The system developed is a linear three-trophic level food chain consisting of an alga (Ch/ore/la vulgaris), rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and fish (Pimephales promelas). The chemostat design used for the lower two trophic levels was crucial in being able to supply the top trophic level with sufficient food on a continuous basis. The system was initially evaluated using copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) as toxicants. In the copper experiments, results of a 7 day threetrophic level toxicity test were compared with a series of single species tests. The LOEC was 31.5 μg/L based on a temporary impairment of the algal population growth, with a corresponding NOEC of 16.2 μg/L. The algal population at all initially impaired treatment levels demonstrated recovery to control levels by the end of the test. Single species tests with the same species showed impairment at treatment concentrations lower than the corresponding value from the three-trophic level test. The difference in sensitivity is attributable to the fact that most of the Cu in the single species tests was in the dissolved form (approximately 80 %), whereas in the trophic level test most of the Cu was not ( < 15 % dissolved Cu). The three-trophic level Se experiment lasted for 25 days, with both short-term and long-term impacts evident. At the algal trophic level, growth was not impaired on a daily basis at any of the exposure levels (110.3, 207.7, and 396.1 pg/L Se). However, algal densities were slightly reduced at the 207. 7 and 396.1 pg Sell treatments, although not significantly different when the data was pooled across days. Rotifer populations were impaired at these same levels by day 4, and succumbed to the Se by day 7. Fathead minnow growth was also impaired at these two concentrations by day 7. In addition, sub lethal impairment of rotifer and fish growth was evident at the 110.3 pg/L level after day 20 indicating a more subtle trophic impact. Bioconcentration factors ranged between 100 and 1000 pg/L and were found to be dependent on the species, treatment, and day.<br>Ph. D.

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Pawlisz, Andrew V. "Internal residues of the narcotic organic chemicals in the Cladoceran, Daphnia magna." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69519.

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The current work determined whether there is a constant tissue residue associated with narcotic compounds. In this investigation, the cladoceran, Daphnia magna was exposed to lethal levels (48h LC50) of ten, $ sp{14}$C-labelled, narcotic organic chemicals in a closed system. Exposure times, ambient concentrations, and body sizes were varied to evaluate their effects. The $ sp{14}$C-method developed in current work can detect chemicals in single D. magna in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 6310 mmol/kg. Moreover, the technique detected phobic and lipophilic chemicals equally well. The technique's sensitivity (nmol/kg) allowed for detection of differences in the internal concentrations of pollutants among the unaffected, immobilized, and dead D. magna. Immobilized D. magna contained between 0.14 mmol/kg and 200 mmol/kg of narcotics. On the average, however, the internal residues were 3.1 mmol/kg (95%CL = 3.1 $ pm$ 2.0). This agreed with literature values. The effects of time of exposure, ambient concentration, and body size on the tissue residues of narcotics varied with the chemical compound.

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Widdowson, Alexandra. "Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625.

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NPs are toxic to a wide range of organisms across trophic levels; gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus), fish (rainbow trout, zebrafish, trout) and plants (Lactuca sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L). Due to their lack of target specificity, NPs may pose an environmental risk. The antibacterial properties of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NP) are enhanced by their large reactive surface area, compared to bulk counterparts. Toxicity of NPs is attributed to their solubility and subsequent release of ions. However, the cytotoxic effects of NPs cannot always be attributed to the free ion fraction. The underpinning objective of this study was to link the response of microbial biosensors to detailed chemical analysis of NP dissolution products. NPs were suspended in Millipore water and in the presence of the steric stabiliser Na citrate and the resulting NP solubility characterised. Using chemical analysis this study quantified the flux of total dissolved metal (total [M]) and free metal ions [M+] from Ag and Cu NPs (Chapter 3). Two bioluminescent biosensors were used to assess the bioavailable metal fraction ([M]bio) of NP dissolution (Chapters 5 and 6). E. coli HB101 pUCD607 (bacterial) and M. citricolor (fungal) were chosen to represent NP toxicity across trophic levels using the same response mechanism. Additionally, the metal-induced bioreporter, P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15, was used to quantify the Cu bioavailability of Cu NP dissolution. By combining chemical and biological analysis this study inferred NP toxicity is not mass dependent, toxicity is dissolution dependent. Dissolution of Ag and Cu NPs in Millipore water was mostly in the [M+] form. This remained the case for Ag NPs in the presence of Na citrate. However, dissolution of Cu NPs in Na citrate was mostly as total [Cu]. This was due to Cu ions complexing readily with citrate. Toxicity of Ag NP dissolution in Millipore water was concentration dependent. Total [Ag] correlated with E. coli HB101 toxicity response. The addition of Na citrate reduced Ag NP dissolution and therefore reduced toxicity to E. coli HB101. M. citricolor was less sensitive than E. coli HB101 to the dissolution products of Ag NPs in Millipore water. However, the sensor was more sensitive to the dissolution of Ag NPs in Na citrate than E. coli HB101. Cu NPs were chemically stable in Millipore water. The bioreporter P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15 was not induced by Millipore suspensions and E. coli HB101 was not inhibited. However, M. citricolor responded to [Cu]bio of Millipore suspensions with a maximum 54% inhibition of bioluminescence. P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15 was induced by the dissolution products of Cu NPs with the addition of Na citrate, only at high NP concentrations (> 500 mg/L). [Cu]bio of the Na citrate suspensions was toxic to E. coli HB101. However, toxicity was greater for M. citricolor with a maximum biosensor inhibition of 83%. There was no correlation between total [Cu], [Cu2+] or [Cu]bio with the response of either biosensors nor the bioreporter. Interpretation of Ag and Cu NP toxicity was made possible by the combining of chemical and biological toxicity assessment. Dissolution of Ag NPs suspended in Millipore water could be attributed as the main factor in toxicity to E. coli HB101 because of the knowledge gained by chemical analysis. It also allowed the conclusion that NP dissolution was a key factor to toxicity in all cases but biological assessment attributed NP assimilation as a contributing factor. Biological assessment is vital as no chemical analysis can quantify [M]bio, especially when [M]bio was perceived differently by biosensors of different trophic levels and modes of action. Combining chemical and biological assessment in this study was essential for interpreting NP toxicity.

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Macdonald, Niall Patrick. "Microsystems manufacturing technologies for pharmaceutical toxicity testing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5070/.

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To meet the demands of political, ethical and scientific pressures on animal testing, research into possible alternatives is required. Data obtained with animal models often cannot be related to humans. Testing with current cell-based assays, microdosing and pharmacokinetic models contribute to reducing animal testing and improving the drug development process. Micro-fabrication and rapid prototyping techniques offer potential solutions to reduce the need for animal toxicity testing. The aim of this research was to develop biological platforms for in vitro toxicity testing to provide physiologically relevant, high-throughput solutions to reduce animal testing. This was achieved by investigating and integrating microfabrication methods of microfluidics, dielectrophoresis and additive manufacturing. Three approaches were taken: (i) micro-pattern protein arrays for primary hepatocyte cell culture enclosed within microfluidics devices for high-throughput toxicity testing. It was observed that hepatocytes attached to the micro-pattern within microfluidics and maintained viability, however liver specific functions observed by florescence assays, the P450 enzymes, were observed to be reduced compared to Petri dish conditions. (ii) A biomimetic dielectrophoretic cell patterning technique to form liver lobule-like tissue structures within agar on a paper substrate was developed for toxicity testing. Observation of these biomimetic micro liver structures showed high viability (80-90%) and an increase in liver specific function marker albumin protein (20%) compared to control samples after 48 hours. (iii) Rapid prototyping methods were explored with regard to fabrication of microfluidic chips for the automated trapping, imaging and analysis of zebrafish embryos. Monolithic microfluidic chips for zebrafish were developed to be suitable for optical based toxicity assays. The biocompatibility of 3D printed materials was investigated. A method to render the photopolymer Dreve Fototec 7150 compatible with zebrafish culture was observed to provide 100% viability. Future development of this research will aim to (i) develop the liver lobule-like system to use layers of multiple cell types to form complex micro-liver models using additive manufactured microfluidic systems for toxicity testing. (ii) Automation of zebrafish handing using additive manufactured microfluidic devices for in-situ analysis of dechorionated zebrafish for high-throughput toxicity studies.

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Derache, Philippe. "Influence de la reduction des xenobiotiques organo-nitres sur la peroxydation des phospholipides." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30062.

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Introduction aux problemes de la peroxydation radicalaire des lipides, notamment au travers de la toxicite de l'oxygene. Effets des composes organonitres sur cette toxicite (etudes in vivo, in vitro, etudes de la mutagenicite)

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Taylor, Nadine Suzanne. "Novel approaches to toxicity testing in Daphnia magna." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/668/.

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Current regulatory risk assessment strategies have several limitations, such as linking subcellular changes to higher-level biological effects, and an improved knowledge-based approach is needed. Ecotoxicogenomic techniques have been proposed as having the potential to overcome the current limitations, providing greater mechanistic information for ecotoxicological testing. In this thesis, metabolomics is explored as a novel method for toxicity testing using Daphnia magna. Initially I evaluated the potential application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) based metabolomics for use in regulatory toxicity testing. Subsequently, I aimed to use this approach to discriminate between toxicant modes of action (MOA) and to link toxicant induced metabolic effects to reduced reproductive output in D. magna. FT-ICR MS metabolomics was determined to be a feasible approach for toxicity testing of both whole-organism homogenates and haemolymph of D. magna. It is capable of discriminating between life-stages of D. magna as well as determining toxicant-induced metabolic effects. Highly predictive multivariate classification models were capable of significantly discriminating between four different toxicant MOAs; achievable in both haemolymph and whole-organism extracts, with the latter being the more information-rich sample type. Multivariate regression models were predictive of reduced reproductive output in D. magna following toxicant exposure, and determined that a metabolic biomarker signature was significantly able to predict the reproductive output of D. magna. Ultimately this research has concluded that an FT-ICR MS metabolomics approach for use in regulatory toxicity testing using Daphnia magna is both viable and can provide valuable information.

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Giuliano, Francesco. "Evaluation of the activity and selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367598.

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Payne, Chris 1971. "Phylogenetic trends in phytoplankton resistance to Cd and Cu toxicity." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24033.

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Some species of marine phytoplankton are believed to be more tolerant of high concentrations of trace metals than others, but no conclusive test of this hypothesis has been conducted. Eleven species of phytoplankton representing 5 classes were grown in Aquil medium containing Cd$ sp{2+}$ concentrations between 10$ sp{-9.85}$ and 10$ sp{-6.84}$ M. Growth rates and intracellular concentrations of Cd, C, N and S were measured. Cadmium quotas (mol Cd/litre-cell volume) were lower in members of Bacillariophyceae than in Chlorophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.001). Cellular C:S molar ratios decreased in phytoplankton grown at high (pCd 7.37-6.84) compared to low Cd (no added Cd), as S/litre-cell volume increased. Similar results were observed for C:N molar ratios. In two species that were examined, C:S ratios decreased as a linear function of increasing Cd concentration. Mean Cd$ sp{2+}$ concentration that reduced growth rate to 50% of maximum (pCd$ sp{50})$ was not significantly different among phytoplankton classes (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.05). When these experimental data were combined with pCd$ sp{50}$s calculated from published sources, Chlorophyceae were found to be the most resistant class (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.01). Cadmium and Cu resistance (pCd$ sp{50}$ and pCu$ sp{50})$ were correlated (r = 0.52, p $<$ 0.05), suggesting co-tolerance of phytoplankton to toxic levels of these metals. Chlorophyceae were most tolerant and Cyanophyceae the least tolerant of Cu (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.01). No significant differences were observed among Bacillariophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, and Dinophyceae, which were of intermediate sensitivity to both metals. The results confirm the existence of a phylogenetic dependence of resistance to trace metal toxicity in phytoplankton.

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Books on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

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L, Arnold Douglas, Grice H. C, and Krewski D, eds. Handbook of in vivo toxicity testing. Academic Press, 1990.

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Clarke, Hilary. In vivo and in vitro studies on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. University College Dublin, 1997.

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Fano, Alix. Lethal laws: Animal testing, human health, and environmental policy. Zed Books, 1997.

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C, Sahu Saura, and Casciano Daniel, eds. Nanotoxicity: From in vivo and in vitro models to health risks. John Wiley, 2009.

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Calabrese, Edward J. Principles of animal extrapolation. Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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Pharmakokinetik von 2-Nitropropan: Untersuchungen in vivo an Kaninchen, Untersuchungen in vitro an Leberfraktionen von Kaninchen und Ratte. GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, 1992.

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Cairns, J., ed. Community Toxicity Testing. ASTM International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp920-eb.

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Thompson, K. Clive, Kirit Wadhia, and Andreas P. Loibner, eds. Environmental Toxicity Testing. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444305531.

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1923-, Cairns John, Ecological Society of America, and SETAC (Society), eds. Multispecies toxicity testing. Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Bidoia, Ederio Dino, and Renato Nallin Montagnolli, eds. Toxicity and Biodegradation Testing. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

1

González-Martín, Carmen, Esther Gramage, María José Polanco, and Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera. "In Vivo Toxicity Testing." In Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203730584-9.

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Simpson, Carrie A., Brian J. Huffman, and David E. Cliffel. "In Vivo Testing for Gold Nanoparticle Toxicity." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-468-5_14.

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Edelhauser, Henry F., and Keith Green. "Workshop on in Vitro Versus in Vivo Models for Ocular Toxicity Testing." In Advances in Ocular Toxicology. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5937-5_24.

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Richmond, Jon. "CHAPTER 4. Refinement Alternatives: Minimizing Pain and Distress in In Vivo Toxicity Testing." In Reducing, Refining and Replacing the Use of Animals in Toxicity Testing. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849737920-00119.

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Porzani, Samaneh J., Stella T. Lima, James S. Metcalf, and Bahareh Nowruzi. "In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Cyanobacterial Toxins: A Mini-Review." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/398_2021_74.

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Fire, Frank L. "Toxicity Testing." In Combustibility of Plastics. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6614-0_10.

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Newman-Martin, Geoffrey. "Toxicity Testing." In Toxins and Targets. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315076911-19.

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Mance, Geoffrey. "Toxicity Testing Techniques." In Pollution Threat of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3421-4_2.

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Dave, Göran. "Toxicity Testing Procedures." In Fish Physiology: Recent Advances. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6558-7_11.

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Sivagourounadin, Kiruthika. "Mutagenic Toxicity Testing." In Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5343-9_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

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Stoeger, T., O. Schmid, D. Dittberner, S. Takenaka, and H. Schulz. "Deducing the Inflammatory In Vivo Toxicity of Combustion Derived Nanoparticles from In Vitro Testing." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5240.

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Gernand, Jeremy M. "Limitations on the Reliability of In Vitro Predictive Toxicity Models to Predict Pulmonary Toxicity in Rodents." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67151.

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Given the rapidly proliferating varieties of nanomaterials and ongoing concerns that these novel materials may pose emerging occupational and environmental risks, combined with the possibility that each variety might pose a different unique risk due to the unique combination of material properties, researchers and regulators have been searching for methods to identify hazards and prioritize materials for further testing. While several screening tests and toxic risk models have been proposed, most have relied on cellular-level in vitro data. This foundation enables answers to be developed quickly for any material, but it is yet unclear how this information may translate to more realistic exposure scenarios in people or other more complex animals. A quantitative evaluation of these models or at least the inputs variables to these models in the context of rodent or human health outcomes is necessary before their classifications may be believed for the purposes of risk prioritization. This paper presents the results of a machine learning enabled meta-analysis of animal studies attempting to use significant descriptors from in vitro nanomaterial risk models to predict the relative toxicity of nanomaterials following pulmonary exposures in rodents. A series of highly non-linear random forest models (each made up of an ensemble of 1,000 regression tree models) were created to assess the maximum possible information value of the in vitro risk models and related methods of describing nanomaterial variants and their toxicity in rat and mouse experiments. The variety of chemical descriptors or quantitative chemical property measurements such as bond strength, surface charge, and dissolution potential, while important in describing observed differences with in vitro experiments, proved to provide little indication of the relative magnitude of inflammation in rodents (explained variance amounted to less than 32%). Important factors in predicting rodent pulmonary inflammation such as primary particle size and chemical type demonstrate that there are critical differences between these two toxicity assays that cannot be captured by a series of in vitro tests alone. Predictive models relying primarily on these descriptors alone explained more than 62% of the variance of the short term in vivo toxicity results. This means that existing proposed nanomaterial toxicity screening methods are inadequate as they currently stand, and either the community must be content with the slower and more expensive animal testing to evaluate nanomaterial risks, or further conceptual development of improved alternative in vitro screening methodologies is necessary before manufacturers and regulators can rely on them to promote safer use of nanotechnology.

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Gernand, Jeremy M., and Elizabeth A. Casman. "Selecting Nanoparticle Properties to Mitigate Risks to Workers and the Public: A Machine Learning Modeling Framework to Compare Pulmonary Toxicity Risks of Nanomaterials." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62687.

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Due to their size and unique chemical properties, nanomaterials have the potential to interact with living organisms in novel ways, leading to a spectrum of negative consequences. Though a relatively new materials science, already nanomaterial variants in the process of becoming too numerous to be screened for toxicity individually by traditional and expensive animal testing. As with conventional pollutants, the resulting backlog of untested new materials means that interim industry and regulatory risk management measures may be mismatched to the actual risk. The ability to minimize toxicity risk from a nanomaterial during the product or system design phase would simplify the risk assessment process and contribute to increased worker and consumer safety. Some attempts to address this problem have been made, primarily analyzing data from in vitro experiments, which are of limited predictive value for the effects on whole organisms. The existing data on the toxicity of inhaled nanomaterials in animal models is sparse in comparison to the number of potential factors that may contribute to or aggravate nanomaterial toxicity, limiting the power of conventional statistical analysis to detect property/toxicity relationships. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that exhaustive chemical and physical characterization of all nanomaterial attributes in these studies is rare, due to resource or equipment constraints and dissimilar investigator priorities. This paper presents risk assessment models developed through a meta-analysis of in vivo nanomaterial rodent-inhalational toxicity studies. We apply machine learning techniques including regression trees and the related ensemble method, random forests in order to determine the relative contribution of different physical and chemical attributes on observed toxicity. These methods permit the use of data records with missing information without substituting presumed values and can reveal complex data relationships even in nonlinear contexts or conditional situations. Based on this analysis, we present a predictive risk model for the severity of inhaled nanomaterial toxicity based on a given set of nanomaterial attributes. This model reveals the anticipated change in the expected toxic response to choices of nanomaterial design (such as physical dimensions or chemical makeup). This methodology is intended to aid nanomaterial designers in identifying nanomaterial attributes that contribute to toxicity, giving them the opportunity to substitute safer variants while continuing to meet functional objectives. Findings from this analysis indicate that carbon nanotube (CNT) impurities explain at most 30% of the variance pulmonary toxicity as measured by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) count. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle size and aggregation affected the observed toxic response by less than ±10%. Difference in observed effects for a group of metal oxide nanoparticle associated with differences in Gibbs Free Energy on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations amount to only 4% to the total variance. Other chemical descriptors of metal oxides were unimportant.

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Sabata, R. W., and E. L. Dewailly. "Toxicity Testing With Bioluminescence." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/6301-ms.

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Sabaté, R. W., A. V. Stiffey, E. L. Dewailly, A. A. Hinds, and G. J. Vieaux. "Portable, Accurate Toxicity Testing." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7406-ms.

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Massányi, Peter, Grzegorz Formicki, N. Lukáč, et al. "REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF MERCURY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE RISK FACTORS OF FOOD CHAIN 2017. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/9788380840973.12.

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Guo, Lili, Rongsong Huang, Xiahua Chen, Jinzhi Liao, and Jianying Shen. "Toxicity Testing of Bensulfuron-Methylto Anabaena azotica." In 2015 Seventh International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2015.333.

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Liu, Tianlong, Linlin Li, Huiyu Liu, Changhui Fu, Dong Chen, and Fangqiong Tang. "Size effect of silica nanorattles on subacute toxicity in vivo." In 2012 IEEE 7th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2012.6527592.

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Balogh, Lajos P., and Mohamed K. Khan. "Biodistribution of Dendrimer Nanocomposites for Nano-Radiation Therapy of Cancer." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17025.

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Multifunctional nanocomposites have an enormous scientific and practical future in medicine, especially in biomedical imaging and targeted delivery. Multifunctional composite nanodevices (CND) possess chemical and physical properties of all components, while interactions with the environment of the nanoparticle are dominated by the contact surface of the host molecule. Thus, if the surface is dominated by the organic component of a nano-sized organic-inorganic composite particle, an inorganic particle property can be manipulated in a biologic environment as if it belonged to an organic macromolecule. Composition, charge, and size of are critical in determining nanoparticle trafficking and uptake by organs, and therefore this knowledge is crucial for the development of cancer imaging and therapies. Specific biokinetics and biodistribution then can be influenced by correctly selecting size, and modifying surface characteristics, such as covalently attaching various targeting moieties to the surface forming biohybrids, regulating the surface charge, etc. Dendrimer nanocomposites are recently developed nearly monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles composed of macromolecular hosts and very small, uniformly dispersed inorganic guest domains combining desirable properties of the components. The surface groups control the interaction of these nanodevices with the biological environment. As a result of various synthetic options, the interior and/or the exterior of the host can be cationic, anionic, or non-ionic, depending on their termini and interior functionalities and the pH, and may involve multiple targeting moieties. We have synthesized gold/dendrimer nanocomposites to carry payload radiation and/or diagnostic moiety to specific targets. We examined the biodistribution of the templates and the corresponding gold/dendrimer nanocomposites. We employed the same dendrimer template and systematically varied the size, the surface charge and the composition. Biodistribution of {Au} gold/dendrimer nanodevices of various size (5, 12 and 22 nm) and surface charge (positive, negative) was investigated in mice models (B16 melanoma and DU145 human prostate cancer). Isotope neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to measure the presence of Au(0) in the tissue sample. All {Au} gold/dendrimer-nanocomposites were assayed for their quantitative short-term (1hr), intermediate (1 day) and long-term (4 days) biodistribution throughout organs for clinical toxicity. Delivery of radiation dose was achieved by radioactive {198Au} composites in a mice model. We have shown that modulating surface charge and composition will greatly change the biodistribution characteristics of the nanodevices. Rigorous testing of the principles that govern nanoparticle interactions with the complex environment of biological systems will be critical for an understanding of how these nanodevices will behave in vivo.

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Imarah, Ameer Ali, Ali Hassan Abood, and Majid Sakhi Jabir. "Toxicity and blood compatibility of graphene oxide nanoparticles: In-vivo study." In PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED RESEARCH IN PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICARPAS2021): Third Annual Conference of Al-Muthanna University/College of Science. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094218.

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Reports on the topic "Toxicity testing – In vivo"

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Ambrose, K. R., T. A. Butler, A. P. Callahan, and L. A. Ferren. In vivo toxicity of arsenic trioxide for human cells in diffusion chambers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7164168.

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Beitel, Jesse J., Craig L. Beyler, Lawrence A. McKenna, and Frederick W. Williams. Overview of Smoke Toxicity Testing and Regulations. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342016.

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Rabalais, Lauren, Jennifer Laird, Alan Kennedy, John Farrar, Guilherme Lotufo, and James Biedenbach. Acute Toxicity Testing and Culture Methods for Calanoid Copepods in Water Column (Elutriate) Toxicity Evaluations. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/27968.

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Ruffing, Anne, Travis Jensen, and Lucas Strickland. NMSBA: Aken Technologies Final Report: Toxicity Testing of Liquidoff. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171600.

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Ruffing, Anne, Travis J. Jensen, Lucas Marshall Strickland, Nadeya C. Rader, and Bryan Carson. NMSBA: Aken Technologies. Final Report: Toxicity Testing of Liquidoff. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177379.

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MacLellan, J. A., R. J. Traub, and P. C. Olsen. Performance testing of radiobioassay laboratories: In vivo measurements, Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6998364.

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Ciofalo, Vincent B., and Susan E. Armondi. Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251416.

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Ciofalo, Vincent B., and Victor T. Mallory. Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251421.

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Ciofalo, Vincent B. Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251423.

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Ciofalo, Vincent B., and Victor T. Mallory. Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251480.

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