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Journal articles on the topic 'Toxicology and Insecticide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nauen, Ralf, Chris Bass, René Feyereisen, and John Vontas. "The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance." Annual Review of Entomology 67, no. 1 (2022): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328.

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Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s ar

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2

Tevapuchom, W., and K. L. Heong. "Toxicology of Insecticide to Rice Leaffolder (LF) Larvae." International Rice Research Newsletter 16, no. 3 (1991): 23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7218288.

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This article 'Toxicology of Insecticide to Rice Leaffolder (LF) Larvae' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

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3

Sun, Chengxian, Shunjia Li, Kai Wang, et al. "Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda." Toxins 14, no. 10 (2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721.

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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW. In this study, we demonstrate that CsA shows excellent insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9.69 μg/g) against FAW through significant suppression of calcineurin (CaN) activity, which is a new target for pest control. Combinati

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Vatandoost, Hassan, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Fatemeh Nikpoor, Ahmad Raeisi, Mohammad Reza Abai, and Morteza Zaim. "Situation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the World Health Organization of Eastern Mediterranean region 1990–2020." Toxicology Research 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab126.

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Abstract Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted by Anopheles species. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases in 2019 in 87 malaria endemic countries. There are several vector control method specially using pesticides. The aim of this study was to collect all the data about insecticide resistant of malaria vectors in the Eastern Mediterranean region countries. In this study, all the published papers related to insecticide resistance of malaria vectors in the region were collected and resi

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He, Xuan, Lidan Lu, Ping Huang, et al. "Insect Cell-Based Models: Cell Line Establishment and Application in Insecticide Screening and Toxicology Research." Insects 14, no. 2 (2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020104.

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During the past decades, research on insect cell culture has grown tremendously. Thousands of lines have been established from different species of insect orders, originating from several tissue sources. These cell lines have often been employed in insect science research. In particular, they have played important roles in pest management, where they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of insecticide candidate compounds. This review intends to first briefly summarize the progression of insect cell line establishment. Then, several recent studies ba

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Gong, Youhui, Ting Li, Xiaojian Xiu, Nicolas Desneux, and Maolin Hou. "Lack of Known Target-Site Mutations in Field Populations of Ostrinia furnacalis in China from 2019 to 2021." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040332.

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The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of corn, for which chemical insecticides have been the primary method of control, especially during outbreaks. Little information is currently available on the status of insecticide resistance and associated mechanisms in O. furnacalis field populations. Invasions and outbreaks of Spodoptera frugiperda in China in recent years have increased chemical application in corn fields, which adds to the selection pressure on O. furnacalis. This study was conducted to estimate the ri

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7

Eddleston, Michael. "Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 59, no. 1 (2019): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021842.

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Organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning is a major global health problem, killing over 100,000 people annually. It is a complex multi-organ condition, involving the inhibition of cholinesterases, and perhaps other enzymes, and the effects of large doses of ingested solvents. Variability between organophosphorus insecticides—in lipophilicity, speed of activation, speed and potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and in the chemical groups attached to the phosphorus—results in variable speed of poisoning onset, severity, clinical toxidrome, and case fatality. Current treatment is modestl

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8

Wang, Xu, María Aránzazu Martínez, Qinghua Wu, et al. "Fipronil insecticide toxicology: oxidative stress and metabolism." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 46, no. 10 (2016): 876–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2016.1223014.

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9

Tomizawa, Motohiro, and John E. Casida. "NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE TOXICOLOGY: Mechanisms of Selective Action." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 45, no. 1 (2005): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095930.

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The neonicotinoids, the newest major class of insecticides, have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs. Their common names are acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. They generally have low toxicity to mammals (acute and chronic), birds, and fish. Biotransformations involve some activation reactions but largely detoxification mechanisms. In contrast to nicotine, epibatidine, and other ammonium or iminium nicotinoids, whi

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10

Mebs, D. "Insecticide Microbiology." Toxicon 24, no. 10 (1986): 1025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(86)90018-8.

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11

Heep, John, Marisa Skaljac, Jens Grotmann, et al. "Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Insecticidal Decapeptide from the Myrmicine Ant Manica rubida." Toxins 11, no. 10 (2019): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100562.

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Ant venoms contain many small, linear peptides, an untapped source of bioactive peptide toxins. The control of agricultural insect pests currently depends primarily on chemical insecticides, but their intensive use damages the environment and human health, and encourages the emergence of resistant pest populations. This has promoted interest in animal venoms as a source of alternative, environmentally-friendly bio-insecticides. We tested the crude venom of the predatory ant, Manica rubida, and observed severe fitness costs in the parthenogenetic pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), a common agricu

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12

Vlasova, О., M. Sekun, and M. Zatserkliana. "Toxicology of insecticides — theory, implemented in practice." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 67 (December 20, 2021): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2021.67.98-114.

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Goal. Ecological and toxicological substantiation of improving the chemical protection of agricultural crops and perennial plantations from harmful arthropods based on the updated assortment of insectoacaricides, the properties of chemicals and the characteristics of harmful insect and mite species in the technology of growing strategic crops. Methods. The sensitivity of phytophages was investigated on natural populations collectedё on crops of certain crops and determined by various methods of poisoning adopted in toxicology. The coefficient of selectivity of the insecticide in the phyt

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13

Blandino, Massimo, Valentina Scarpino, Giulio Testa, Francesca Vanara, and Amedeo Reyneri. "The Effect of Foliar Fungicide and Insecticide Application on the Contamination of Fumonisins, Moniliformin and Deoxynivalenol in Maize Used for Food Purposes." Toxins 14, no. 7 (2022): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070422.

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The fungal ear rot of maize cultivated in temperate areas is mainly due to the Fusarium species. The use of insecticides against European Corn Borer (ECB) reduces the severity of fungal ear rot as well as the fumonisin (FB) and moniliformin (MON) levels in maize kernels at harvest, which in turn results in a lowering of their effect on deoxynivalenol (DON) control. However, the direct fungicidal control of ear rot has rarely been implemented for maize, and the first studies reported conflicting results on the reduction of mycotoxins. In the present experiment, field trials were carried out in

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14

Fonseka, M. MD, K. Medagoda, Y. Tillakaratna, S. B. Gunatilake, and H. J. de Silva. "Self-limiting cerebellar ataxia following organophosphate poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 22, no. 2 (2003): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327103ht341cr.

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Deliberate self-harm by ingestion of organophosphate insecticides is a common health problem in Sri Lanka. The poisoning results in an initial life-threatening cholinergic crisis and several intermediate and late neurological and psychiatric manifestations. A patient who developed self-limiting cerebellar signs 8 days after ingestion of dimethoate, an organophosphorous insecticide, is reported on.

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15

Antonangeli, Laura Maria, Saniya Kenzhebekova, and Claudio Colosio. "Neurobehavioral Effects of Low-Dose Chronic Exposure to Insecticides: A Review." Toxics 11, no. 2 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020192.

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The modes of action of insecticides frequently involve a neurotoxic effect; therefore, the study of neurotoxic effects caused by long-term and low-dose insecticide exposure is of particular interest. This study looks at whether or not new studies conducted after 2009 and up to 2021 have provided new evidence for a better understanding of the actual neurobehavioral risk associated with long-term insecticide exposure. We selected and reviewed studies carried out on the neurobehavioral effects of neurotoxic insecticides (organophosphates and/or carbamates, pyrethroids, multiple or undefined insec

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16

Padhy, Rabindra N., Nabakishore Nayak, and Shakti Rath. "Antagonism at combined effects of chemical fertilizers and carbamate insecticides on the rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. in vitro." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7, no. 1 (2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0001.

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Abstract Effects of chemical fertilizers (urea, super phosphate and potash) on toxicities of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, individually to the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. were studied in vitro at partially lethal levels (below highest permissive concentrations) of each insecticide. The average number of vegetative cells between two polar heterocysts was 16.3 in control cultures, while the mean value of filament length increased in the presence of chemical fertilizers, individually. Urea at the 10 ppm level was growth stimulatory and at the 50 ppm level

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17

Nowak, Monika, Przemysław Bernat, Julia Mrozińska, and Sylwia Różalska. "Acetamiprid Affects Destruxins Production but Its Accumulation in Metarhizium sp. Spores Increases Infection Ability of Fungi." Toxins 12, no. 9 (2020): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090587.

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Metarhizium sp. are entomopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil environment. Together, they act as natural pest control factors. In the natural environment, they come into contact with various anthropogenic pollutants, and sometimes, they are used together and interchangeably with chemical insecticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) for pest control. In most cases, the compatibility of entomopathogens with insecticides has been determined; however, the influence of these compounds on the metabolism of entomopathogenic fungi has not yet been studied. Secondary metabolites are very important factors th

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18

Jha, M. N., and S. K. Mishra. "Biological Responses of Cyanobacteria to Insecticides and Their Insecticide Degrading Potential." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, no. 2 (2005): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0764-2.

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19

Xu, Xin, and Lisa A. Murphy. "Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethrins, Pyrethroids, and Piperonyl Butoxide in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Toxins 15, no. 6 (2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060401.

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The presence of insecticides like pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, combined with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, in animal feeds can pose a risk to both animal and human health by contaminating the food chain. In this study, a simple and fast method was developed for the simultaneous determination of these compounds in contaminated animal feeds using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation was carried out using a QuEChERS-based approach, and the method was validated with acceptable accuracy ranging from 84 to 115% and precision below 10%. The limit

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20

Zhu, Kun Yan. "Preface to the Special Issue: Insecticide Toxicology in China." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 132 (September 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.07.008.

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21

Areej Al-Khalaf. "Effect of multiple emulsion on mortality of drosophila virils." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2019): 2446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1492.

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The frequent use of insecticides has led to the development of insecticide resistance by many insects. In some insect populations, resistance can be developed to multiple pesticides. Up to this, insecticides resistance became a key challenge, and the amounts of the used pesticides must be as lower as possible. In this study, we measured the potency of multiple emulsions on the mortality of Drosophila virils and the ability of the fly to ingest and excrete the emulsions as a new strategy to avoid the great use of pesticides. The obtained data showed that the value of the lethal concentration of

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22

Tulasi, B., Sake Manideep, Talapala Sai Kumar, and Aswini R. "Bioassays Methods for Evaluating Insecticide Toxicity: Principles, Methods, and Considerations." AgriSustain-An International Journal 03, no. 01 (2025): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15094846.

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Bioassays are important tests used in toxicology to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides by observing their effects on living organisms. These tests measure how different factors such as chemical, biological or physiological conditions can impact test insects. Effective bioassays require selecting insects that are sensitive, easy to handle, and can be maintained under controlled conditions. Common bioassay methods include film application, topical application, Potter's tower method, injection, dipping, fumigation, aqueous solution, contact, and photo migration. Each method has its own advanta

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23

Kravchuk, O. P., P. G. Zhminko, V. I. Medvedev, et al. "Assessment of hazard and hygienic rating of flubendiamide in agricultural food products of the plant origin, industrial and environmental objects." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 82-83, no. 2-3 (2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-13-23.

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Flubendiamide is recommended for use as an insecticide for corn, sunflower, soybean, cabbage, and tomatoes. The State Enterprise “L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety” of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine conducted a study on toxicological and hygienic assessment of flubendiamide and insecticide Belt 480 SC on its basis; the justification of flubendiamide PDE (permitted daily exposure) to human, hygienic rates of the substance and the rules for safe use of the drug. Objectives. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of the use of insecticide on the ba

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Pittman, Julian T., Celia A. Dodd, and Bradley G. Klein. "Immunohistochemical Changes in the Mouse Striatum Induced by the Pyrethroid Insecticide Permethrin." International Journal of Toxicology 22, no. 5 (2003): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109158180302200504.

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Epidemiological studies have linked insecticide exposure and Parkinson's disease. In addition, some insecticides produce damage or physiological disruption within the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway of non-humans. This study employed immunohistochemical analysis in striatum of the C57BL/6 mouse to clarify tissue changes suggested by previous pharmacological studies of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. Dopamine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivities were examined in caudate-putamen to distinguish changes in amount of dopamine transporte

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Moody, Steven B., and Diane K. Terp. "Dystonic Reaction Possibly Induced by Cholinesterase Inhibitor Insecticides." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 4 (1988): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200408.

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A 39-year-old male presented to the emergency room following parenteral injection of a household insecticide. The patient suffered from delayed, local complications as well as a dystonic-like reaction involving the neck musculature that was relieved by intramuscular diphenhydramine. Exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides has been associated with a number of serious toxicities due to accumulation of acetylcholine at various sites. It has been suggested that dystonic reactions are caused by an imbalance between cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system. There

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Shur, Pavel Z., Nina V. Zaitseva, Svetlana V. Redko, et al. "Methodological approaches to the assessment of health risks associated with the use of repellent and insecticide agents." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 5 (2021): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-5-535-540.

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Introduction. The study’s relevance is due to the demand for repellent and insecticidal agents in the consumer market and their widespread use as protection against mosquitoes. At the same time, the problem of the impact on the human health of these funds has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, analyzing the safety of repellents and insecticides for human health is of scientific interest. The aim of the study is to substantiate methodological approaches to assessing the risk to human health associated with the use of insecticides and repellents. Materials and methods. Authors used m

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Reed, J. P., A. J. Keaster, R. J. Kremer, and H. D. Kerr. "Microbial degradation of some soil-applied insecticides, herbicides, and insecticide-herbicide combinations." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42, no. 5 (1989): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01700387.

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28

Huang, Ping, Xiyue Yan, Bo Yu, Xuan He, Lidan Lu, and Yuanhang Ren. "A Comprehensive Review of the Current Knowledge of Chlorfenapyr: Synthesis, Mode of Action, Resistance, and Environmental Toxicology." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227673.

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Creating new insecticide lead compounds based on the design and modification of natural products is a novel process, of which chlorfenapyr is a typical successful example. Chlorfenapyr is an arylpyrrole derivative that has high biological activity, a wide insecticidal spectrum, and a unique mode of action. For decades, a series of chlorfenapyr derivatives were designed and synthesized continuously, of which many highly active insecticidal compounds were discovered sequentially. However, due to the widespread application of chlorfenapyr and its degradation properties, some adverse effects, incl

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Vaishnav lal C L, Chandan R S, Maruthi R, and Gurupadayya B M. "Analytical and Bio-Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dichlorvos Pesticide Using RP-HPLC Method." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 5650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3205.

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Organophosphorus compounds were synthesised in the 1800s. Later they are used as insecticides in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The German scientist Gerhard Schrader is known for the creation of the basic chemical structure of anticholinesterase organophosphate compounds and development of the first commercialised Organophosperous insecticide. Such chemicals are anticholinesterase insecticide commonly used in agriculture and horticulture. To a lesser extent, they are used for domestic use. Due to the absence of bio persistence in organophosphates, most of the western countries opted to substi

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Liu, Nannan, Yifan Wang, Ting Li, and Xuechun Feng. "G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Signaling Pathways, Characterization, and Functions in Insect Physiology and Toxicology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (2021): 5260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105260.

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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to play central roles in the physiology of many organisms. Members of this seven α-helical transmembrane protein family transduce the extracellular signals and regulate intracellular second messengers through coupling to heterotrimeric G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, cAMPs, and protein kinases. As a result of the critical function of GPCRs in cell physiology and biochemistry, they not only play important roles in cell biology and the medicines used to treat a wide range of human diseases but also in insects’ physiological functions. Recent studies h

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Kalinina, Tatiana, Vladislav Kononchuk, Lyubov Klyushova, and Lyudmila Gulyaeva. "Effects of Endocrine Disruptors o,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and Endosulfan on the Expression of Estradiol-, Progesterone-, and Testosterone-Responsive MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in MCF-7 Cells." Toxics 10, no. 1 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010025.

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Many studies have shown that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure raises breast cancer risk. Another insecticide with similar properties is endosulfan, which has been actively used in agriculture after DDT prohibition. Previously, we have identified some estradiol-, progesterone-, and testosterone-sensitive microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Because DDT and endosulfan have estrogenic, antiandrogenic, and antiprogesterone properties, we hypothesized that these miRNAs are affected by the insecticides. We quantified relative levels of miRNAs and expression levels of their target genes in breast

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Sim, M. K., and T. S. Hsu. "Determination of transferable insecticide from surfaces painted with insecticide-incorporated paint." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 47, no. 3 (1991): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01702204.

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Dodd, CA, and BG Klein. "Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticide exposure in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: an immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in dorsolateral striatum." Toxicology and Industrial Health 25, no. 1 (2009): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233709102752.

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The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos can experimentally produce Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated changes in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, short of frank degeneration, although at doses considerably higher than from a likely environmental exposure. The ability of permethrin (200 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (50 mg/kg), or combined permethrin + chlorpyrifos to facilitate nigrostriatal damage in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (30 mg/kg) C57BL/6 mouse model of PD was investigated in three separate experiments. Tyrosine

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Kalajdzic, Predrag, Stefan Oehler, Maria Markaki, and Charalambos Savakis. "Toxicology and cytogenetic analysis of a Drosophila melanogaster mutant resistant to Imidacloprid and DDT." Genetika 45, no. 3 (2013): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1303929k.

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Resistance to all major insecticide classes has developed in numerous and diverse insect field populations. Imidacloprid, the worldwide most used neonicotinoid, has been extensively applied during the last decade for the control of different insect pests. Lately, cases of sporadic resistance also to neonicotinoids, including Imidacloprid, have been reported. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most popular model organisms in biology and, although not a pest species, a promising model system for insecticide resistance research. In this study, we present a toxicological and karyotypic analysis

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Meier, J. "Insecticide action—From molecule to organism." Toxicon 29, no. 8 (1991): 1047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(91)90092-6.

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36

Marquis, Judith K. "Noncholinergic mechanisms of insecticide toxicity." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 6 (January 1985): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90024-0.

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Karalliedde, L., N. Senanayake, and A. Ariaratnam. "Acute Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning During Pregnancy." Human Toxicology 7, no. 4 (1988): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700412.

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Intoxication with organophosphorus insecticides following ingestion with suicidal intent in two patients who were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is reported. Successful management of the cholinergic and intermediate phases of poisoning enabled each pregnancy to proceed to term and end in normal vaginal delivery of a healthy baby.

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Gupta, R. C., J. T. Goad, D. Milatovic, and W.-D. Dettbarn. "Cholinergic and noncholinergic brain biomarkers of insecticide exposure and effects." Human & Experimental Toxicology 19, no. 5 (2000): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032700678815927.

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The objective of this investigation was to determine the distribution of cholinergic and noncholinergic biomarkers in discrete brain regions (cortex, stem, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum) of rats treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, controls), and insecticides such as carbofuran (CARB, 1.5 mg/kg, sc), or methyl parathion (MPTH, 5 mg/kg, ip). Both insecticides produced characteristic signs of anticholinesterase nature within 5-7 min after injection. In controls, analyses of the brain regions revealed a wide variability in the values of cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) and nonch

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Gololobova, Tatiana V., Arina I. Vinogradova, Marina V. Bidevkina, and Margarita V. Matrosenko. "Study of the effect of daily exposure to an electric insecticide vaporizer on the development of the body of white rats." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 3 (2022): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-3-249-254.

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Introduction. Electric insecticide vaporizer is a heating device, powered by the mains, when turned on this, the insecticidal agent, including the active substance, evaporates into the air of the treated room. The population uses an electric insecticide vaporizer during the warm season to destroy flying blood-sucking insects, which, in addition to epidemiological danger, creates psychological discomfort at night. Highly volatile pyrethroids are used as active ingredients in insecticidal electric vaporizer agents, which have an adverse effect on the nervous system, liver and urinary system. It

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V, Vidhya, and Radhakrishnan Nair C. "HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS INDUCED BY THE ACTION OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN IN ETROPLUS SURATENSIS (BLOCH)." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2015): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj312.

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The study of structural damage of organs or tissues is an integral part of pollution toxicology. The present work was conducted to study the effect of the pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin on the kidney of the pearlspot “Etroplus suratensis”. The dilation of the kidney tubules, degeneration in kidney tissue, rupture in the collecting tubules and necrosis were observed in the present investigation after lambdacyhalothrin treatment

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He, Wenze, Lilong Pan, Wenhao Han, and Xiaowei Wang. "Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040436.

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Hemipteran insects, such as whiteflies, aphids and planthoppers, resemble one of the most important pest groups threating food security. While many insecticides have been used to control these pests, many issues such as insecticide resistance have been found, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel insecticides. Here, we first observed that a commercial tetramycin solution was highly effective in killing whitefly. The major bioactive constituents were identified to be isothiazolinones, a group of biocides. We then tested the toxicity of several isothiazolinones to five hemipteran insects

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Martins-Gomes, Carlos, Tiago E. Coutinho, Tânia L. Silva, Tatiana Andreani, and Amélia M. Silva. "Neurotoxicity Assessment of Four Different Pesticides Using In Vitro Enzymatic Inhibition Assays." Toxics 10, no. 8 (2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080448.

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Pesticides affect different organs and tissues according to their bioavailability, chemical properties and further molecular interactions. In animal models exposed to several classes of pesticides, neurotoxic effects have been described, including the reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in tissue homogenates. However, in homogenates, the reduction in enzymatic activity may also result from lower enzymatic expression and not only from enzymatic inhibition. Thus, in this work, we aimed to investigate the neurotoxic potential of four distinct pesticides: glyphosate (herbicide), imazalil (f

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Kim, Jonggun, Yooheon Park, Kyong Sup Yoon, J. Marshall Clark, and Yeonhwa Park. "Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, induces insulin resistance." Journal of Toxicological Sciences 38, no. 5 (2013): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.38.655.

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Tedford, Hugo W., Brianna L. Sollod, Francesco Maggio, and Glenn F. King. "Australian funnel-web spiders: master insecticide chemists." Toxicon 43, no. 5 (2004): 601–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.02.010.

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Chandi, A. K., A. Kaur, and R. S. Chandi. "Effect of insecticides on locomotory behaviour and enzyme activity of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) populations from Punjab." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 2 (2023): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/2/mrn-5000.

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Aim: The variations in locomotory behaviour and enzyme activity, i.e., acetylcholinesterase and general esterases of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larval populations collected from different regions of Punjab, i.e., Amritsar, Kapurthala and Ludhiana were investigated in the laboratory prior exposure to different insecticides. Methodology: The test larvae were exposed to sublethal doses of different insecticides via surface and food treatment. For locomotory behaviour, they were allowed to move on treated surface and their movements were recorded with an automated video tracking system, Ethovisio

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Yadav, Rohan, and N. G. Shinde. "Deltamethrin's Toxicological Impact on Freshwater Crab Barytelphusa cunicularis." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 3 (2024): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i33889.

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The present study investigates the toxicological impact of deltamethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used in agriculture, specifically targeting the freshwater crab Barytelphusa cunicularis. The research delves into the insecticide’s mechanism of action and acute toxicity on the crab species. With the persistent presence of deltamethrin in soil disrupting microbial activity and water contamination posing threats to aquatic ecosystems. The investigation aimed to determine the lethal toxicity concentration of pesticide. The experiment reveals LC50 values at 24, 48, 72, and 96

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B‐Bernard, Claude, and Bernard J. R. Philogène. "Insecticide synergists: Role, importance, and perspectives." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 38, no. 2 (1993): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399309531712.

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Dr., Aisha Khalid *. Prof. Dr Mohammad Akbar Kazi Dr. Ishrat Bibi Dr. Hamid Nawaz Ali Memon Dr. Mehrab khan Dr. Imran Karim Dr. Samreen and Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Qutrio Baloch. "DEMOGRAPHICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 10 (2017): 3711–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036550.

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Objective: To evaluate the demographical and clinical profile of patients with acute organophosphorus poisoning at tertiary care hospital. Patient and Methods: The one year cross sectional study was conducted on patients with organophosphorus poisoning and beside immediate management the patients were explored for demographical and clinical survey by taken detail history and clinical examination. The data was saved and analyzed in SPSS 21 while the frequencies and percentages and mean ± SD were calculated. Results: Total one hundred patients were recruited and studied for demographical and cli

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Susanna, Dewi, and Dian Pratiwi. "Current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the Asian countries: a systematic review." F1000Research 10 (March 10, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.46883.1.

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Background: The application of insecticides for malaria vector control has remained a global problem, due to the current trend of increased resistance against these chemicals. This study aims to determine the insecticide-resistant status in Asia and how to implement the necessary interventions. Moreover, the implications of resistance in malaria vector control in this region were studied. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol based on PRISMA-retrieved articles from four science databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed in the last ten yea

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Abai, Mohammad Reza, Hassan Vatandoost, Hossein Dorzadeh, Mansoreh Shayeghi, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-bojd, and Ahmad Raeisi. "Bioefficacy of bendiocarb WP80 in vector-borne and zoonotic diseases areas in borderline of Iran and Pakistan." Toxicology Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab070.

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Abstract Malaria and leishmaniasis are the public health problems in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethroids, using different insecticides as larviciding and impregnated bednets. The aim of study was to evaluate the biological assays of bendiocarb wettable powder (WP) at different surfaces of wall. The residual effect of bendiocarb WP80 at 400 milligram/meter square (mg/m2) was evaluated on various local surfaces of rooms such as mud and plaster as well as thatch roofs and wooden. World Health Organization standard cones using contact bi

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