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1

Elyadari, M., M. Zarrouki, H. Elorch, S. Azennoud, S. Harchali, S. Elmerrouni, T. Bouzoubaa, et al. "Toxocarose oculaire." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 41, no. 3 (March 2018): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2017.06.026.

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2

Pelloux, H., and O. Faure. "Toxocarose de l’adulte." La Revue de Médecine Interne 25, no. 3 (March 2004): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(03)00258-3.

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3

Rey, P., C. Bredin, C. Carrere, N. Froment, and D. Casassus-Builhe. "Toxocarose hépatique pseudotumorale." La Presse Médicale 34, no. 22 (December 2005): 1715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(05)84257-5.

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4

Bourée, P. "Prévalence de la toxocarose." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 27, no. 1 (January 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2017.0641.

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5

Attout, H., P. Séris, S. Guez, and C. Seriès. "Toxocarose avec vascularite cutanée." La Revue de Médecine Interne 25, no. 12 (December 2004): 940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2004.07.019.

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6

Raffray, L., C. Dieval, P. Duffau, P. Mercie, M. Longy-Boursier, and D. Malvy. "Présentation pseudotumorale d’une toxocarose hépatique." La Revue de Médecine Interne 33 (December 2012): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2012.10.219.

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7

Magnaval, Jean-François, Judith Fillaux, and Richard Fabre. "Diagnostic biologique de la toxocarose humaine." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2014, no. 464 (July 2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(14)72576-6.

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8

Trabelsi, H., S. Néji, F. Cheikhrouhou, H. Sellami, R. Guidara, W. Mhiri, F. Makni, and A. Ayadi. "Toxocarose oculaire : à propos d’un cas." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 37, no. 6 (June 2014): e81-e82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2013.10.005.

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9

Beal, Charlotte, Anne-Marie Milesi, Baptiste Glace, Xavier Moisset, Nicolas Vitello, Pierre Clavelou, and Marion Hermet. "Une atteinte cérébrale de la toxocarose." Revue Neurologique 171 (April 2015): A137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2015.01.298.

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10

Humbert, Ph, S. Buchet, F. Aubin, Th Barale, B. Faivre, and D. Blanc. "Les manifestations cutanées de la toxocarose." La Revue de Médecine Interne 15 (January 1994): 55s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)82576-7.

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11

Jorge, D., C. Strady, B. Guy, G. Deslée, F. Lebargy, and S. Dury. "Opacités pulmonaires multiples révélant une toxocarose." Revue de Pneumologie Clinique 72, no. 4 (August 2016): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2016.03.004.

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12

Mausserey, C., V. Sigonney, B. Bonnotte, and B. Lorcerie. "Toxocarose mimant un syndrome de Shulamn." La Revue de Médecine Interne 32 (December 2011): S338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2011.10.064.

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13

Charissoux, A., V. Doffoel-Hantz, A. Sparsa, C. Bédane, S. Assikar, M. L. Dardé, and J. M. Bonnetblanc. "Toxocarose mimant un syndrome d’hypersensibilité médicamenteuse." La Revue de Médecine Interne 33 (June 2012): S142—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2012.03.231.

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14

Poiraud, C., M. Morrier, and M. Fenot. "Papuloérythrodermie d’Ofuji : pensez à la toxocarose." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 144, no. 12 (December 2017): S284—S285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2017.09.470.

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15

Bohm, Amélie, Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau, Arnaud Gentil, and Frédéric Dalle. "Myélite et ténosynovite attribuées à une toxocarose." Revue du Rhumatisme 86, no. 6 (November 2019): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2019.07.008.

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16

Beji, I., S. Hannachi, L. Mtibaa, B. Arfaoui, B. Jemli, R. Abid, and R. Battikh. "La toxocarose humaine : caractéristiques cliniques et évolutives." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 49, no. 4 (June 2019): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.244.

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17

Fekih, Y., F. Daoud, A. Kefi, L. Baili, A. Chebbi, H. Bouguila, I. Rachdi, Z. Aydi, B. Ben Dhaou, and F. Boussema. "Panuvéite bilatérale granulomatose : pensez à la toxocarose !" La Revue de Médecine Interne 37 (December 2016): A202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2016.10.255.

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18

Hamrouni, S., N. Boussetta, R. Dhahri, S. Sayhi, I. Gharsallah, L. Metoui, B. Louzir, F. Ajili, and S. Othmani. "Toxocarose oculaire : à propos de trois cas." La Revue de Médecine Interne 36 (December 2015): A116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.045.

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19

Raschilas, F., B. Guérin, E. Bouvet, and F. Vachon. "Toxocarose et angéite de Churg et Strauss." La Revue de Médecine Interne 17 (January 1995): S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-8663(96)86687-2.

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20

Chollet, J. Y., Arnaud Martrenchar, Didier Bouchel, and Aboubakar Njoya. "Epidémiologie des parasitoses digestives des jeunes bovins dans le Nord-Cameroun." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9073.

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Les parasitoses digestives des jeunes bovins zébus en milieu traditionnel du Nord-Cameroun ont été étudiées grâce à un suivi coproscopique mensuel de 17 troupeaux pendant 2 ans. La toxocarose apparaît comme la plus importante dans la province du Nord, où sa prévalence atteint 58 % entre 0 et 6 mois; 60 % des veaux positifs excrètent au moins une fois de grandes quantités d'oeufs de Toxocara; la fréquence des prélèvements révélant des nombres d'oeufs élevés s'est avérée plus grande en saison sèche. La vermifugation des veaux à un mois contre les Toxocara avec un produit bon marché pourrait être rentable dans le Nord. La strongyloïdose atteint 75,5 % des veaux de 0 à 12 mois, les nombres d'oeufs de Strongyloides étant élevés au moins une fois chez 31 % de ces veaux. Comme pour la toxocarose, les veaux sont plus souvent et davantage parasités dans le Nord que dans l'Extrême-Nord. L'importance clinique de la strongyloïdose semble assez faible, les rares troubles enregistrés se confondant alors avec ceux provoqués par la toxocarose. L'importance des strongyloses digestives est plus difficile à évaluer: tous les bouvillons sont atteints au cours de leur carrière, et de la même façon dans les deux provinces; les nombres d'oeufs de strongles dans les fèces des bovins de plus de six mois sont élevés pour 6,8 % des prélèvements, et au moins une fois chez 35 % de ces animaux. Ces résultats ne permettent pas de préconiser a priori un programme de vermifugation systématique contre les strongles, plusieurs programmes simples devant être testés pour déterminer leur rentabilité. Des coccidies ont été reconnues sur 77,4 % des veaux de 0 à 12 mois, les infections étant plus fréquentes et plus importantes dans le Nord, mais elles sont rarement fortes. Les Trichuris, Moniezia, Fasciola et paramphistomes n'ont été mis en évidence que sur un petit nombre de cas. En ce qui concerne les nématodoses, les interventions curatives et les études "coûts-bénéfices" de programmes de vermifugations doivent donc être ciblées sur la toxocarose des veaux de 0-3 mois dans le Nord et les strongyloses des jeunes de 6-12 mois dans les 2 provinces.
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21

Nehili, F. Z., and N. Boucherit. "423 Décollement de rétine révélateur d’une toxocarose oculaire." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 32 (April 2009): 1S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(09)73547-8.

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22

Marianetti-Guingel, P., A. Brabant-Viau, P. Y. Le Berruyer, J. Leone, J. T. Cecile, S. Lefevre Thibault, and J. L. Pennaforte. "Lombalgie aiguë fébrile et bradycardie inaugurale d’une toxocarose." La Revue de Médecine Interne 29 (December 2008): S380—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2008.10.251.

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23

Sauvet, F., M. Chemsi, G. Leyral, R. Vignal, B. Graffin, J. F. Paris, and P. Carli. "Poumon éosinophile en métropole, ne pas oublierla toxocarose." La Revue de Médecine Interne 24 (December 2003): 464s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(03)80550-7.

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24

Ajana, F., P. Lecocq, E. Senneville, C. Chidiac, and Y. Mouton. "La toxocarose : une impasse parasitaire autochtone souvent méconnue." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 23, no. 2 (February 1993): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)80451-2.

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25

Redissi, A., F. Daoud, Z. Aydi, I. Rachdi, H. Zoubeidi, B. Ben Dhaou, and F. Boussema. "Uvéo-méningo-encéphalite : quand penser à la toxocarose ?" La Revue de Médecine Interne 38 (December 2017): A246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.278.

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26

Gilquin, V., I. Pénisson-Besnier, L. De Gentile, P. Alquier, F. Dubas, and D. Chabasse. "Toxocarose cérébrale : un cas original de survie parasitaire." La Revue de Médecine Interne 21 (December 2000): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(00)90266-2.

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27

Rigole, H., A. Rento, S. Aufort, B. Gallix, D. Basset, and F. Blanc. "Un cas de toxocarose mimant une tumeur du foie." La Revue de Médecine Interne 28 (June 2007): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2007.03.210.

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28

Rajaona, R. A., N. F. Ranoasy, O. L. Raharimanantsoa, H. L. Randrianarisoa, O. Randrianjafisamindrakotroka, and L. Raobela. "Toxocarose oculaire bilatérale : à propos d’un cas à Madagascar." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 43, no. 8 (October 2020): e273-e274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2019.11.031.

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29

Sauvet, F., B. Graffin, G. Leyral, M. Chemsi, J. F. Paris, and P. Carli. "Poumon éosinophile en métropole, ne pas oublier la toxocarose." La Presse Médicale 34, no. 22 (December 2005): 1713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(05)84256-3.

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30

Raynal, C., F. Lachenal, T. Fassier, M. P. Steineur, A. Charhon, and C. Broussolle. "Ascite à éosinophiles révélant une toxocarose à T. canis." La Revue de Médecine Interne 22 (June 2001): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(01)83613-4.

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31

Arfaoui, B., N. Boussetta, R. Abid, S. Sayhi, R. Batikh, N. Ben Abdelhafidh, and O. Salah. "Toxocarose viscérale chez l’adulte, à propos de 2 cas." La Revue de Médecine Interne 36 (December 2015): A116—A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.046.

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32

Carles, B., E. Monlun, M. C. Receveur, K. Bouabdallah, M. Longy-Boursier, and M. Le Bras. "La toxocarose en médecine interne. Étude de trois cas." La Revue de Médecine Interne 14, no. 6 (June 1993): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)80582-x.

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33

Mhiri, W., O. Mahmoudi, R. Hamdi, M. Bouyon, H. De Korvin, L. Meyer, and M. Wipplinger. "688 Un cas de toxocarose atypique chez une personne âgée." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 28 (March 2005): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(05)73805-5.

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34

Dutheil, C., J. F. Korobelnik, M. B. Rougier, and M. N. Delyfer. "Aspect d’une toxocarose oculaire chez un garçon de 8 ans." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 41, no. 1 (January 2018): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2017.04.017.

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35

Lajmi, M., N. Boussetta, S. Sayhi, R. Dhahri, R. Abid, R. Batikh, B. Louzir, F. Ajili, and S. Othmeni. "Une parasitose rare : la toxocarose (à propos de 5 cas)." La Revue de Médecine Interne 36 (December 2015): A118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.048.

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36

Giraud, J. T. "« Ceci n’est pas une sarcoïdose » toxocarose avec atteinte méningée et oculaire bilatérale." La Revue de Médecine Interne 41 (December 2020): A160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.272.

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37

Monlun, E., M. C. Receveur, B. Carles, K. Bouabdallah, M. Longy-Boursier, and M. Le Bras. "La toxocarose en Médecine Interne: enquête de séroprévalence chez 100 patients hospitalisés." La Revue de Médecine Interne 14, no. 6 (June 1993): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)80345-5.

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38

Philippe, C., D. Grivet, J. D. Grange, G. Thuret, J. Maugery, and P. Gain. "642 Pseudo-hypopion sous rétinien du pôle postérieur révélant une toxocarose chez l’adulte immunocompétent." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 31 (April 2008): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(08)71241-5.

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39

Jouvencel, P., C. Vaillant, J. Peyraud, L. Cadier, L. Brun, F. Weil, P. Pillet, and J. M. Pedespan. "Les atteintes de la substance blanche avec toxocarose serolog1que: A propos de deux observations." Archives de Pédiatrie 4 (January 1997): 245s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)86633-x.

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40

Poinsignon, Y., J. M. Berthelot, B. Gueglio, Y. Maugars, F. Raffi, and A. Prost. "Influence du facteur rhumatoïde sur les sérodiagnostics de la maladie de Lyme et de la toxocarose." La Revue de Médecine Interne 14, no. 6 (June 1993): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)80523-5.

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41

Konaté, A., S. Rivière, C. Schneider, F. Mura, B. Arnaud, and A. Le Quellec. "Intérêt de la recherche d'une toxocarose devant une uvéite inexpliquée de l'adulte: à propos de six observations." La Revue de Médecine Interne 27 (December 2006): S330—S331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2006.10.105.

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42

Schneider, C., F. Mura, A. Konate, S. Riviere, and B. Arnaud. "067 Étude rétrospective de patients atteints d’uvéite avec une sérologie Toxocarose positive : à propos de 18 cas." Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 30 (April 2007): 2S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-5512(07)79879-0.

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43

Taheri, O., G. Blaison, K. Sawaf, P. Potelon, D. De Briel, M. Martinot, and N. Y. Dupré. "Toxocarose révélée par des nodules pulmonaires excavés et une hyperéosinophilie chez une patiente présentant des douleurs mammaires atypiques." La Revue de Médecine Interne 36 (December 2015): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.047.

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44

Lapierre, J., J. Petithory, C. Tourte-Schaefer, Tran Vinh Hien, C. Holler, E. Lebas Saison, J. Rondier, and P. Bouchacourt. "Premier cas de toxocarose humaine (?) à localisation circulatoire de vers adultes, dépistée par la présence d’œufs embryonnés a l’hémolyse concentration." Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 66, no. 2 (1991): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/199166262.

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45

Samofalova, Malysheva, and Vagin. "TOXOCARIASIS AS THE ACTUAL PROBLEM IN KURSK REGION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.523-528.

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The urgency of the problem of toxocarosis in the territory of the Kursk region is caused by the increase in the incidence among the children's population, the contamination of environmental objects with toksokar eggs. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct large-scale studies on the helminth infections of carnivorous animals living in urban areas to establish a realistic picture of their infection with toxocarosis and assess the sanitary and helminthological state of sand in children's play houses near Kursk, and determine the risk of infection of children with geohelminthiasis.One of the leading places in the structure of infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Kursk region is still occupied by parasitic diseases. According to the state report “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the Kursk region in 2017”, 1125 cases of parasitic diseases are registered in the region. In the structure of parasitosis 97.4% are made up of helminthiasis. Contact helminthiasis had the largest share, represented by enterobiasis – 93%, geohelminthiasis was 4%, biohelminthoses – 1%. Among geohelminthic infections in 2017, two nosological forms were registered – ascariasis and toxocarosis, compared with 2016, the incidence of the latter increased by 10.4%. A total of 23 cases of toxocariasis were registered in the region, it is noteworthy that the proportion of children among the infested persons was 82.6% [3]. True incidence can be much higher, since in most cases infection with toxcar for a long time is asymptomatic and is detected by chance during laboratory examination [4].Toxocarosis is a parasitic disease caused by the migration of helminth larvae of dogs – Toxocara canis in humans, less often – Toxocara mystax of cats and characterized by a complex of syndromes and symptoms, referred to as visceral larva migrans. Such factors as an increase in the number of dogs and cats in populated areas, their high prevalence of toxocars, the intensity of egg excretion by mature helminths that live in the intestines of animals, and the stability of eggs in the environment exert on the spread of toxocariasis among people. In modern conditions, toxocarosis becomes the most socially significant helminth infection with a high risk of infection in cities [1].
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46

Said, W., V. V. Stybel, B. V. Gutyj, and O. B. Prijma. "A modern look at the problem of toxocarosis in dogs." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (February 27, 2018): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8380.

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The review article highlights the scientifically proven facts about the spread of toxocarosis invasion in dogs. The problem of toxocarosis is important both for humane and for veterinary medicine. Currently data has already been provided on the etiology and factors for the transmission of toxocaron invasion from the dog to the person. In recent years, there has been a tendency in Ukraine to significantly spread this invasion, which is due to a violation of sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, improper conditions of maintenance, an increase in the number of homeless animals that are carriers of the agent of this invasion. The pathogenic effect of helminths on the host organism is due to mechanical, toxic and inoculatory effects, as well as reflected in physiological processes, morphofunctional characteristics of organs and tissues. Local damage to organs, loss of nutrients, development of a stress state, cytogenetic disorders and changes in the immune status are far from complete list of consequences of toxocaronal invasion. The pathogenesis of toxocarosis is complex and consists of several factors due to the complex interaction of the «parasite host» system. The maximum exposure to toxocarosis is established in puppies up to 6 months of age – 85%. The extent of invasion in animals 6–9 months of age (61.5%) was lower as well as at the age of 9–12 months, which is 45.4%. In the future, the rates of their invasiveness decreased with the age of dogs (25% at the age from 1 to 2 years). The lowest level of invasiveness was recorded in adult animals, predominantly in pregnant females over the age of 3 years (11%).It was found out that in females this infection was registered more often (54.8%) than in males (45.3%). Having analyzed the given domestic literature data, we found that the influence of toxocaronal invasion on the protective systems of the organism of invasive dogs has not been fully studied and requires some refinements. The research of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of dogs against the background of toxocar are relevant and necessitate in-depth study. Separate fragments of experiments will be published in the following publications.
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47

Khutoryanina, I. V., and T. I. Tverdohlebova. "Toxocarosis in the South of Russia: epidemiological and environmental aspects." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 2 (2021): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-109-112.

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Toxocarosis is a widespread parasitic infection and a significant healthcare challenge. Humans can be infected through contacts with animals and soil contaminated by eggs of Toxocara сanis. Children aged 3–5 years are particularly vulnerable population because of their active contact with soil. Veterinary specialists, people working in dog shelters, zoos, groceries, and people who have gardens are also at risk of infection. Objective. To analyze the epidemiological situation of toxocarosis in the South of Russia. Materials and methods. The Laboratory of Sanitary and Parasitological Monitoring, Medical Parasitology, and Immunology of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, has been continuously monitoring the situation with parasitoses in the Southern Federal District for many years. A total of 1,026 samples of soil were collected in 2012–2020. We performed serological and epidemiological examination for toxocarosis among residents of this Federal District. Results. We found that the number of seropositive individuals and soil contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. in the Southern Federal District were high and were not consistent with the official figures of toxocarosis incidence. This suggests that the true level of toxocarosis incidence is significantly higher than that officially reported for this territory. Conclusion. Our study confirmed that environment contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. is the main risk factor for toxocarosis in humans. Key words: toxocarosis, Toxocara spp., epidemiological situation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sanitary and parasitological examination, soil
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48

Finsterer, Josef, and Herbert Auer. "Neurotoxocarosis." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 5 (October 2007): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002.

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Infection of humans with embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis (larva migrans) remains asymptomatic, or results in covert or common toxocarosis, visceral larva migrans syndrome, or ophthalmologic and neurologic impairment. Though neurological manifestations of Toxocara canis larvae are rare, toxocarosis remains an important differential diagnosis of various neurological disorders. Manifestations of the central nervous system are dementia, meningo-encephalitis, myelitis, cerebral vasculitis, epilepsy, or optic neuritis. Manifestations of the peripheral nervous system comprise radiculitis, affection of cranial nerves, or musculo-skeletal involvement. If toxocarosis is neglected, ignored, or refused as a differential of these abnormalities, it may be easily overlooked for years. Early recognition and treatment of the infection is, however, of paramount importance since it reduces morbidity and mortality and the risk of secondary superinfection. Like the visceral manifestations, neurological manifestations of toxocarosis are treated by benzimidazole components, most frequently albendazole, corticosteroids, or diethylcarbamazine. If detected and treated early, the prognosis of neurological manifestations of toxocarosis is favourable.
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49

Utenkova, E. O. "Toxocarosis as a possible cause of gastrointestinal diseases in children." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2021-20-1-56-59.

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Toxocarosis is a widespread geohelminthiasis in the world. In the body of children, the eggs of the parasite usually fall with the soil. Larvae enter the bloodstream through the intestinal wall and are carried by blood to various organs, where they cause inflammation and necrosis. The diseaseis characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations, as a result of which the diagnosis is not always timely. In children, toxocarosis often occurs againstthe background of various diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems.The article presents a case of a combined course of gastric ulcer and visceral toxocarosis in a child of 2 years and 4 months. Taking into account the uncharacteristic disease for this age and the absence of risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers in this patient, it is suggested that toxocarosis may cause the development of stomach ulcers in children.
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50

Kocięcki, Jarosław, Wanda Kocięcka, and Andrzej Dmitriew. "Toxocarosis of the organ of sight – the complex pathological and diagnostic problem." Acta Parasitologica 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0001.

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AbstractSelected parasitological and epidemiological aspects of Toxocara spp. invasion were discussed. Pathomechanism of lesions and involvement of the organ of sight in toxocarosis were presented. It was stressed that pathological lesions may involve various structures of the eyeball. Moreover, the pattern of lesions may vary depending on the early or late stage of the invasion. Diagnostic techniques were presented, indispensable in confirmation of toxocarosis and establishing its duration. In diagnosis of the ocular form of toxocarosis the significance of differential diagnostic analysis was stressed, particularly essential in oligosymptomatic cases and upon coexistence of other diseases progressing with involvement of the organ of sight. This is important for further specialised management and in selection of an appropriate therapy.
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