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1
Lloyd, Godpower Amagbo, Orlunma Chie-Amadi Grace, and Sunday-Piaro Tornubari. "Comparative Analysis of TPH Degradation Rate Kinetics in Amended Polluted Soil." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 7, no. 6 (2020): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667090.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation in soil amended with mash food wastes (MFW) and fish wastes (FW) was investigated in this study. Experimental analysis was performed for a period of 56 days, while samples were collected weekly for analysis. The first and second order kinetic models were applied to study the TPH degradation rate. The result revealed that the rate of TPH removed from the control sample was low compared to samples amended by MFW and FW. Over 90% of TPH was removed from the amended samples, while only about 48% was removed from sample under natural attenuation. Analysis of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> order kinetic models showed high correlation coefficient, but the rate of TPH degradation was better interpreted by the second order kinetics. The 1<sup>st</sup> order degradation rate constant were recorded as 0.0422day<sup>-1</sup> and 0.0430day<sup>-1</sup> for soil amended by MFW and FW respectively, while in the 2<sup>nd </sup>order, the degradation rate constant were as 1.0 x 10<sup>-5</sup> kg.mg<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup>. The rate of TPH degradation increased rapidly within the first 14 days to 237.961mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup> and 292.486mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup> in soil amended by MFW, while in soil amended by FW, it increased to 225.386mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup> and 262.390mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup> for the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> order models respectively. However, the rate of TPH also decreased sharply after attaining maximum rate. Conclusively, food and fish wastes are recommended for treatment of hydrocarbon polluted soil as they increase TPH degradation rate. Also, the models could be useful, especially during the design stage of a bioremediation process to predict the rate of TPH degradation and time to achieve the bioremediation.
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Tang, J. C., R. G. Wang, X. W. Niu, M. Wang, H. R. Chu, and Q. X. Zhou. "Characterisation of the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: effect of different influencing factors." Biogeosciences 7, no. 12 (2010): 3961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3961-2010.
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Abstract. Pilot experiments were conducted to analyse the effect of different environmental factors on the rhizoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Different plant species (cotton, ryegrass, tall fescue and alfalfa), the addition of fertilizer, different concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil, bioaugmentation with effective microbial agents (EMA) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and remediation time were tested as influencing factors during the bioremediation process of TPH. The results show that the remediation process can be enhanced by different plant species. The order of effectiveness of the plants was the following: tall fescue > ryegrass > alfalfa > cotton. The degradation rate of TPH increased with increased fertilizer addition, and a moderate urea level of 20 g N (Nitrogen)/m2 was best for both plant growth and TPH remediation. A high TPH content is toxic to plant growth and inhibits the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that a 5% TPH content gave the best degradation in soil planted with ryegrass. Bioaugmentation with different bacteria and PGPR yielded the following results for TPH degradation: cotton+EMA+PGPR > cotton+EMA > cotton+PGPR > cotton > control. Rapid degradation of TPH was found at the initial period of remediation caused by the activity of microorganisms. A continuous increase of degradation rate was found during the 30–90 days period followed by a slow increase during the 90–150 days period. These results suggest that rhizoremediation can be enhanced with the proper control of different influencing factors that affect both plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere environment.
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Kaplan, Christopher W., and Christopher L. Kitts. "Bacterial Succession in a Petroleum Land Treatment Unit." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (2004): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1777-1786.2004.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial community dynamics were investigated in a land treatment unit (LTU) established at a site contaminated with highly weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in the C10 to C32 range. The treatment plot, 3,000 cubic yards of soil, was supplemented with nutrients and monitored weekly for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), soil water content, nutrient levels, and aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts. Weekly soil samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to monitor bacterial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation. TPH degradation was rapid during the first 3 weeks and slowed for the remainder of the 24-week project. A sharp increase in plate counts was reported during the first 3 weeks, indicating an increase in biomass associated with petroleum degradation. Principal components analysis of TRF patterns revealed a series of sample clusters describing bacterial succession during the study. The largest shifts in bacterial community structure began as the TPH degradation rate slowed and the bacterial cell counts decreased. For the purpose of analyzing bacterial dynamics, phylotypes were generated by associating TRFs from three enzyme digests with 16S rRNA gene clones. Two phylotypes associated with Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were dominant in TRF patterns from samples during rapid TPH degradation. After the TPH degradation rate slowed, four other phylotypes gained dominance in the community while Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas phylotypes decreased in abundance. These data suggest that specific phylotypes of bacteria were associated with the different phases of petroleum degradation in the LTU.
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Tang, J., R. Wang, X. Niu, M. Wang, and Q. Zhou. "Characterization on the rhizoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil as affected by different influencing factors." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 3 (2010): 4665–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-4665-2010.
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Abstract. In this paper, pilot experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of different environmental factors on the rhizoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Different plant species (cotton, ryegrass, tall fescue, and alfalfa), addition of fertilizer, different concentration of TPH in soil, bioaugmentation with effective microbial agent (EMA) and PGPR, and remediation time were tested as influencing factors during bioremediation process of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The result shows that the remediation process can be enhanced by different plants species with the following order: tall fescue > ryegrass > alfalfa > cotton. The degradation rate of TPH increased with increased fertilizer addition and moderate level of 20 g/m2 urea is best for both plant growth and TPH remediation. High TPH content is toxic to plant growth and inhibits the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon with 5% TPH content showing the best degradation result in soil planted with ryegrass. Bioaugmentation with different bacteria and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) showed the following results for TPH degradation: cotton + EMA + PGPR > cotton + EMA > cotton + PGPR > cotton > control. Rapid degradation of TPH was found at the initial period of remediation caused by the activity of microorganisms, continuous increase was found from 30–90 d period and slow increase was found from 90 to 150 d. The result suggests that rhizoremediation can be enhanced with the proper control of different influencing factors that affect both plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere environment.
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Ekpobari, Neebee. "Evaluation of Microbial Degradation of Crude Oil in a Polluted Tropical Soil." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) 6, no. 1 (2020): 169–76. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2020.33696.
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<em>This research is aimed at determining the growth and capacity of microorganisms to degrade crude oil following biostimulation with NPK fertilizer and sawdust amendment. The contaminated soil was treated simultaneously with the nutrient amendment in treatments A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I and the population of microorganisms involved in the degradation of TPH monitored. Optimum conditions for effective degradation of the contaminant were determined and the kinetics of the process evaluated. Physicochemical and biological parameters like soil pH, texture, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB), and hydrocarbon-degrading fungi (HDF) in the native, control and treated soils were analyzed using standard analytical method and procedures. The HDB/HDF population measured for TPH degradation at intervals established the efficiency and kinetics of the bioremediation process. However, HDB growth rate in the treatments were between 0.1840 and 0.1931. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by microorganisms was between 81.5% and 92.8%. TPH degradation in the treatments was between 98.14% and 99.05% and degradation rates between -0.0419 day-1 and -0.0479 day-1. However, optimum treatment was achieved in 105 days with an efficiency of 99.05% in the first-order kinetics at degradation constant of -0.0479 day-1, degradation half-life of 14.47 days, the microbial growth rate of 0.1921 day-1, and biomass doubling time; 3.61 days. Arousal of the population of indigenous microorganisms at the study site through the application of nutrients and a permeable medium resulted in massive biotransformation of the pollutants to non-toxic environmentally friendly forms. </em>
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Zhang, Ronghai, Yudao Chen, Shudi Li, Zhuangmian Wei, He Huang, and Tian Xie. "Remediation and Optimisation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Water by Persulfate Activated with Bagasse Biochar-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159324.
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In this study, biochar (BC) was prepared from bagasse and then successfully loaded with nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) to produce BC-supported nZVI, termed nZVI@BC. Satisfactory results were obtained using a nZVI@BC-activated persulfate (PS), termed nZVI@BC/PS, to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)-contaminated water. The effects of three influencing factors—the dosage of nZVI@BC, DnZVI@BC, the concentration of PS, CPS, and the initial pH, pHi—on TPH removal were examined through single-factor and batch tests. The results show the following. Each factor considerably influenced the performance of the prepared nZVI@BC/PS reaction system in removing TPH. The TPH degradation process conformed to a first-order kinetic model. The response surface method (RSM) was used in tandem with a Box–Behnken design to optimise the variables involved in TPH degradation. The three influencing variables (i.e., DnZVI@BC, CPS, and pHi) were set in the range of 0.4–1.0 g/L, 20–160 g/L, and 2.21–9.42, respectively, during the experiment. An optimised quadratic model used to fit the experimental data displayed a high level of significance (p < 0.0001) with a very high regression value (R2 = 0.9906; adjusted R2 = 0.9786). Analyses of regression and variance revealed that the quadratic model sufficiently explains the TPH degradation rate. An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analysis of the nZVI@BC/PS system revealed that SO4−·, ·OH, O2−·, and 1O2 participated in the activation and degradation processes. The results of this study show that nZVI@BC-activated PS systems possess great potential for applications in TPH-contaminated wastewater treatment and environmentally sustainable development.
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P, Deebika, Merline Sheela A, and Ilamathi R. "Biochar and compost-based phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (2021): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i3.1178.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To study the effect of compost and biochar on phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. <strong>Methods:</strong> An attempt was made to remediate crude oil contaminated soil, using the phytoremediation method. The soil was amended with biochar and compost. Initially, the pH, moisture content and C/N ratio of the soil and amendments were determined. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of the amendments on the degradation of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the crude oil contaminated soil using the plant species nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus). To avoid seepage of water from the pots plastic pots were used. The initial concentration of TPH was found to be 17mg/kg soil. The experiment was conducted from January to March 2019. No microorganism was inoculated either to enhance the growth of the plant or degrade the hydrocarbon. The study was conducted with natural microflora. The pots were kept (open) under direct sunlight with 8 hours of photoperiodism. The plants were watered daily with tap water to maintain optimum moisture content. Once in 15 days, the soil samples collected from each treatment were analysed for pH, moisture content and C/N ratio. The TPH removal rate was determined for the 45th day and 60th day. <strong>Findings: </strong>The soil amended with compost (200 kg/soil) and biochar (50 kg/soil) enhanced the degradation of TPH by the plant species. The highest degradation percent of 62.2 and 77.1% was achieved on 45th and 60th day respectively in the treatment T5 (amended with biochar and compost). Further, there was an increase in shoot length (54.52 cm/plant), root biomass (0.74 g/plant) and shoot biomass (5.08g/plant) of the plants in the biochar and compost amended soil which was comparable with the results of the treatment T2 (Plants were grown in soil without crude oil contamination). <strong>Applications:</strong> Biochar and compost amendment improves the water holding capacity and nutrient status of the soil, thereby enhancing the growth of TPH degraders in soil. Hence, from the study, it is understood that biochar and compost could be used for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soils. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Amendments; degradation of TPH; nutgrass
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Chukwuemeka, Peter Ukpaka, and Chiemela Ugiri Augustina. "Biodegradation kinetics of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil environment using Mangnifera indica seed biomass: A mathematical approach." Chemistry International 8, no. 2 (2022): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6858194.
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The biodegradation crude oil in polluted soil using <em>Mangnifera indica</em> seed biomass was investigated. The change in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration on the effect of the period of exposure with different dosage of <em>M. indica</em> seed mesh introduced in the different containers were examined and a decrease in TPH concentration was significant. The maximum specific rate and equilibrium constants were determined and the results obtained revealed that the values for room dried <em>M. indica</em> of various dosages at V<sub>max</sub> 50–90 g, 500, 33,333.33, 50,000, 50,000, 27.78 (ppm/per day) and K<sub>S</sub> 50–90 g, 0.5, 300, 2750, 1124.81 (ppm/per day) were observed. For sun-dried, <em>M. indica</em> of various dosages at V<sub>max</sub> 50– 90 g, , 1.6666.67, , , 100.00 (ppm/per day) and K<sub>S</sub> 50–90 g, , 16.67, , , 300 (ppm/per day) were recorded. The maximum specific rate and equilibrium constant was determined using the Lineweaver Burk plots Theory as well as excel plot of linear polynomial curve for comparison. Results revealed that the <em>M. indica</em> seed biomass ha promising effeminacy for the degradation of THP in the contaminated soil.
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Hu, Mengjie, Feifan Zhang, Gaoyuan Li, et al. "Falsochrobactrum tianjinense sp. nov., a New Petroleum-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Oily Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (2022): 11833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811833.
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The microbial remediation technology had great potential and attracted attention to total petroleum hydrocarbon pollution (TPH) remediation, but its efficiency is limited by its application in the field. In this study, a new TPH-degrading strain, TDYN1, was isolated from contaminated oil soil in Dagang Oilfield in Tianjin, China, and identified as Falsochrobactrum sp. by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The physiological characterization of the isolate was observed. The orthogonal experiment was carried out for the optimum degradation conditions to improve its biodegradation efficiency. The strain was the gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, designated Falsochrobactrum tianjinense sp. nov (strain TDYN1); it had 3.51 Mb, and the DNA G + C content of the strain was 56.0%. The degradation rate of TDYN1 was 69.95% after 7 days of culture in optimal degradation conditions (temperature = 30 °C, pH = 8, salinity = 10 g L−1, petroleum concentration = 1 g L−1, and the inoculation dose of strain TDYN1 = 6%) and also reached more than 30% under other relatively extreme conditions. It suggested that the TDYN1 has great potential for TPH remediation in the soils of North China.
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Lin, Hongyang, Yang Yang, Zhenxiao Shang, et al. "Study on the Enhanced Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil by Biochar/g-C3N4 Composites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (2022): 8290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148290.
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This work developed an environmentally-friendly soil remediation method based on BC and g-C3N4, and demonstrated the technical feasibility of remediating petroleum-contaminated soil with biochar/graphite carbon nitride (BC/g-C3N4). The synthesis of BC/g-C3N4 composites was used for the removal of TPH in soil via adsorption and photocatalysis. BC, g-C3N4, and BC/g-C3N4 have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyzer (BET), FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). BC/g-C3N4 facilitates the degradation due to reducing recombination and better electron-hole pair separation. BC, g-C3N4, and BC/g-C3N4 were tested for their adsorption and photocatalytic degradation capacities. Excellent and promising results are brought out by an apparent synergism between adsorption and photocatalysis. The optimum doping ratio of 1:3 between BC and g-C3N4 was determined by single-factor experiments. The removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by BC/g-C3N4 reached 54.5% by adding BC/g-C3N4 at a dosing rate of 0.08 g/g in a neutral soil with 10% moisture content, which was 2.12 and 1.95 times of BC and g-C3N4, respectively. The removal process of TPH by BC/g-C3N4 conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the removal rates of different petroleum components in soil were analyzed in terms of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the removal rates of nC13-nC35 were above 90% with the contaminated soil treated by BC/g-C3N4. The radical scavenger experiments indicated that superoxide radical played the major role in the photocatalytic degradation of TPH. This work definitely demonstrates that the BC/g-C3N4 composites have great potential for application in the remediation of organic pollutant contaminated soil.
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Yaman, Cevat. "Performance and Kinetics of Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation, and Natural Attenuation Processes for Bioremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soils." Processes 8, no. 8 (2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080883.
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Bioremediation of contaminated sites is usually limited due to the inadequate availability of nutrients and microorganisms. This study was conducted to assess the impact of bioaugmentation (BA) and biostimulation (BS) on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency. In addition, treatment performance and kinetics of different remediation processes were investigated. For this purpose, four tanks containing oil-contaminated soils were tested. Tank 1 was operated as the natural attenuation process. Then, a microbial inoculum and nutrients were added to tank 2 to promote BA and BS. In tank 3, only the BA process was adopted, whereas in tank 4, only the BS process was adopted. After 63 days of operation, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in tank 2 was reduced from 1674 to 430 mg/kg, with 74% reduction. Tank 1, tank 3, and tank 4 indicated TPH reductions of 35%, 41%, and 66%, respectively. Microbiological analysis of the inoculum indicated that Alcanivorax was the dominant bacterium. The population of TPH degrader bacteria in tank 2 soil was two orders of magnitude higher than in the control tank. Reaction rate data were fitted with a first-order reaction rate model. The Monod kinetic constants, maximum specific growth rate (µmax), and substrate concentration at half-velocity constant (Ks) were also estimated. This study showed that the TPH removal efficiency in the combined BA and BS process was higher than in other processes tested. The populations of TPH degrading microorganisms in soil tanks were positively related to TPH removal efficiency during bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils.
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Alao, Ayomide, Abiodun Ayandele, Elijah Adebayo, Abeke Adewoyin, and John Amao. "Utilization potential of Pleurotus pulmonarius LAU09 (JF736658) on Crude oil contaminated Substrate." Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research 9, no. 4 (2025): 1464. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.12.
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White-rot fungi remain dynamic to an extensive series of materials using their extra-cellular lignin-modifying enzymes that has a low substrate-specificity. This study is aimed at evaluating the ability of Pleurotus pulmonarius LAU09 (JF736658) to biodegrade and utilize crude oil contaminated substrate. Substrates for mushroom cultivation were prepared by mixing sawdust, CaCO3, NPK fertilizer and wheat bran at ratio of 200:1:2:3 for each crude oil concentration (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2%) used. A significant difference was observed in the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) of the substrates at different crude oil concentrations with progressing incubation days. In 0.4% crude oil-supplemented substrate, the residual TPH at day 0 (96.63%) decreased gradually with progressed incubation time, having a TPH value of 75.47% at day 7, 54.83% and 35.27% at days 21 and 60 respectively; with a total TPH loss of 63.5 %; in 2.0 % however, the percentage fruit yield was 0. The pileus diameter of fruits ranged between 5.933 to 8.067cm while the fresh weight of the fruits was between 3.133 and 4.767g. Each heavy metal analysed at different concentration of crude oil in substrates showed varied degradation rate and different bioaccumulation rate was also observed in the fruit bodies. Lead content in the fruiting body harvested increased with increase in crude oil supplementation; P. pulmonarius LAU09 was able to attain a reasonable degree of degradation of oil at lower concentrations. This study shows the potential of P. pulmonarius cultivation to utilize and biodegrade crude oil contaminated soil.
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Kumari, Babita, Manvi Singh, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava, and S. N. Singh. "Degradation of Petroleum Sludge in Soil by Bacterial-Fungal Co-Culture in Presence of Organic and Inorganic Stimulants." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 03 (2019): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i03.3.
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A microcosmic study was carried out for degradation of petroleum sludge [4% (w/w) in soil] in presence of constructed microbial consortium of three bacterial strains i.e., Pseudomonas sp. BP10, Acinetobacter sp. PSM11 and Rhodococcus sp. NJ2 and two fungal strains Panicillium oxalicum PS10 and Curvularia verruculosa PS8, isolated from different petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites) supplemented with vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer as biostimulants. After six months of incubation, the maximum degradation of TPH from petroleum sludge was recorded as high as 80% in the presence of combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer and microbial consortium while only 33% degradation was attributed by native organisms and abiotic factors. Enhancement (%) in degradation rate of TPH due to addition of vermicompost, inorganic fertilizer and microbial consortium in separation and combination was recorded as 57%, 13%, 35% and 139%, respectively. Besides the enhancement in specific growth rate of soil microbes due to addition of nutrient, bioaugmentation of this constructed microbial consortium also boost the total bacterial and fungal strains present in petroleum sludge contaminated soil. Catabolic enzymes played an important role in degradation and maximum induction of enzymes likes catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase, catechol 2, 3 dioxygenase, catalase, laccase and dehydrogenase activity were recorded 223.89 μ mol g-1, 323.83 μ mol g-1, 0.714 μ mol H2O2 g-1, 0.623 μ mol g-1 and 3.4 μg g-1 h-1, respectively.
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Sung, Menghau, та Kuan-Yi Kuo. "Ozone β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Characterization and Application in the Remediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons". Water 14, № 12 (2022): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121955.
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Green remediation is essential in the current practice of water resources management. In this study, a series of ozone β-cyclodextrin (O3-βCD) inclusion complexes were prepared under a selected range of different ozone concentrations, β-CD concentrations, and solution pHs to test their ozone release rates and efficiencies in the treatment of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in water. The main objectives of this study are to characterize the O3-βCD system, mathematically model its ozone release rate, and test its capability in the degradation of pollutants. From the results, it was found that by defining a set of dimensionless parameters, including β-CD to ozone molar ratio and various degrees of ozone saturation, the steady-state conditions in the O3-βCD system can be represented by a newly developed dimensionless plot. In an optimal condition, the dissolved ozone release rate of 6.8 × 10−5 mM/min can be achieved in the O3-βCD system. A mathematical model was successfully developed to estimate the ozone release rate. In the TPH removal experiments, the effects of β-CD to ozone molar ratio and ozone dosage on the removal efficiency were rigorously examined. Overall, an optimal TPH removal of nearly 90% can be achieved in the treatment of 50 mg/L of TPH in water using this inclusion complex reagent.
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Komommo Omini Abam, Tubonimi Joseph Kio Ideriah, Akuro Ephraim Gobo, and Francis Egobueze. "Bio-remediation of crude oil-contaminated soils in Eleme, Ogoni-land using CLOGEN, MicroSORB®, PRP® and a combination of Electro-Kinetic Action+KEEN®+Ors-SORB plus®." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 2 (2025): 142–54. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0331.
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This study evaluated the efficiency, effectiveness and ecological impacts of bio-stimulation, bio-augmentation, and electro-bio-remediation interventions in phase-1 Ogoni-land remediated areas, focusing on the rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation, soil health, soil physicochemical and biological properties across four selected locations in Eleme, using CLOGEN, MicroSORB®, Petroleum Remediation Product® and a combination of Electro-Kinetic Action plus KEEN® and Ors-SORB plus®. Nkeleoken Alode LOT 04 with the largest total area of 0.64Ha and remediated soil volume of 46,100m3 using Electro-Kinetic Action + Ors-SORB plus® + KEEN® had initial TPH value of 2,021 mg/kg reduced to 265 mg/kg, showing significant degradation with 86.89% efficiency with 13.11% residual hydrocarbons left in the soil, while Elelenwo Manifold, Akpajo LOT 46 with moderate total area of 0.3943Ha and soil volume of 12,100m3; a smaller area compared to LOT 04 had higher efficiency in TPH degradation, highlighting the effectiveness of CLOGEN® with 99.61% degradation leaving behind 0.39% residual contamination; where initial TPH value of 6,600 mg/kg was reduced to 26 mg/kg, showing the most efficient location, cleanest site, post-remediation, and high level of restoration. Ajeokpori Well 3, Okuluebu LOT 54 with smaller area of 0.0854Ha and moderate soil volume of 8,300m3 demonstrated a localized remediation effort with a focus on smaller-scale impact, where initial 4,550 mg-TPH/kg-Soil was reduced to 1,187.87 mg-TPH/kg-Soil, indicating 73.89% efficiency of MicroSORB®, with 26.11% residual contamination left in the soil after-remediation, while New Elelenwo Manifold, Akpajo LOT 56 with a medium area of 0.4139Ha and small soil volume of 9,600m3; balancing land coverage and soil volume for remediation, had initial TPH value of 5,600 mg/kg reduced to 402.29 mg/kg, highlighting degradation efficiency of 93.06% with 6.94% residual hydrocarbons still left in the soil after-remediation, showing a strong performance of PRP® and also representing a high level of restoration. Laboratory analyses of soil microbial count in bio-remediated locations show mean values for THB and THF of 417,000±0.9578622 and 36,000±0.5244044, and HUB and HUF of 4,125±0.5452446 and 2,800±0.1290994; while macronutrients of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) showed marked improvements in remediated areas post-bio-remediation; with N values of 1.091 – 4.299 mg/kg and 1.278 mg/kg for control, K values between 15.423 – 45.789 mg/kg and 0.652 mg/kg for control, and P values of 0.321 – 2.321 mg/kg and 0.639 mg/kg control, with specific locations displaying nutrient levels indicative of enhanced soil fertility. Nutrient distribution variability across the sites suggests that, while some areas have shown significant soil improvement, others may require site specific targeted interventions for uniform ecological restoration.
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Sattar, Shehla, Samina Siddiqui, Asim Shahzad, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Microbial Consortiums and Nanoparticles for Rehabilitating Petroleum Waste Contaminated Soils." Molecules 27, no. 6 (2022): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061945.
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Nano-bioremediation application is an ecologically and environmentally friendly technique to overcome the catastrophic situation in soil because of petroleum waste contamination. We evaluated the efficiency of oil-degrading bacterial consortium and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with or without fertilizer to remediate soils collected from petroleum waste contaminated oil fields. Physicochemical characteristics of control soil and petroleum contaminated soils were assessed. Four oil-degrading strains, namely Bacillus pumilus (KY010576), Exiguobacteriaum aurantiacum (KY010578), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (KY010586), and Pseudomonas putida (KX580766), were selected based on their in vitrohydrocarbon-degrading efficiency. In a lab experiment, contaminated soils were treated alone and with combined amendments of the bacterial consortium, AgNPs, and fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate). We detected the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of the soil samples with GC-FID at different intervals of the incubation period (0, 5, 20, 60, 240 days). The bacterial population (CFU/g) was also monitored during the entire period of incubation. The results showed that 70% more TPH was degraded with a consortium with their sole application in 20 days of incubation. There was a positive correlation between TPH degradation and the 100-fold increase in bacterial population in contaminated soils. This study revealed that bacterial consortiums alone showed the maximum increase in the degradation of TPHs at 20 days. The application of nanoparticles and fertilizer has non-significant effects on the consortium degradation potential. Moreover, fertilizer alone or in combination with AgNPs and consortium slows the rate of degradation of TPHs over a short period. Still, it subsequently accelerates the rate of degradation of TPHs, and a negligible amount remains at the end of the incubation period.
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Li, Tiejun, Hongmei Hu, Lei Jin, Bin Xue, Yurong Zhang, and Yuanming Guo. "Enhanced bioremediation of crude oil in polluted beach sand by the combination of bioaugmentation and biodiesel." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 2 (2015): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.086.
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Biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil was used as a cost-effective and sustainable agent to enhance crude oil biodegradation in sand microcosms. The initial concentration of crude oil and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was 20,000 and 18,750 mg/kg, respectively. The mass ratio of biodiesel to crude oil was 0 (designated T1), 1:10 (designated T2), 1:4 (designated T3), and 1:2 (designated T4). After 80 days of incubation, the total removals of TPH and PAHs were 68.6 and 61.5% in T1, 78.0 and 67.3% in T2, 86.3 and 76.2% in T3, 72.2 and 57.9% in T4, respectively. Higher amounts of biodiesel reduced TPH biodegradation due to the decreased transfer of substrates caused by dilution effect. The addition of biodiesel stimulated bacterial growth during the initial period but the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation is not always correlated with the density of bacteria in the presence of biodiesel. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased greatly after the beginning of incubation. From then on, DHA continuously decreased with time. T3 had the highest DHA and PPO activity from day 30 to the end of the experiment. The lowest toxicity was observed in T3 at day 80, and T3 showed the highest degradation rate constant.
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Sari, Cut Nanda, and Lina Lubnah. "BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON IN CONTAMINATED SOILS: COMPARISON OF COMPOST AND WWTP SLUDGE RESIDUAL ADDITION (BIOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON: PERBANDINGAN PENAMBAHAN KOMPOS DAN LUMPUR IPAL)." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 40, no. 1 (2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.40.1.35.
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Crude oils processing into energy continue to increase, hence treatment for its environmental impact is needed. The objectives of the study is to determine the differences in bacteria growth rate and removal efficiency of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) between compost and WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant) sludge addition at 5% and 10% concentration levels. Those effects were acknowledged through experiments in laboratory scale using soil contaminated by 5,5% TPH within 5 weeks until it reach less than 1% as the requirement. The soil comes from Marunda Beach, compost from UPS Merdeka, WWTP sludge from Jababeka, and bacteria isolated from soil contaminated in the area surrounding refining. The treatment used in this experiment was landfarming with nutrition addition and the main variable analyzed was TPH and the microorganism population. Results of this study show that the bacteria growth rate in compost and WWTP sludge at 5% and 10% concentration each are 0,7567/weeks and 1,154/week for compost and also 0,8783/week and 1,1109/week for WWTP sludge. The TPH removal efficiency obtained was 95,32% and 96,85% for the addition of compsot as well as 91,15% and 91,02% for the addition of WWTP sludge at 5% and 10% concentrations. Base on a t-Test, the differences between all the variation of concentrations are not significant. The correlation test between TPH degradation to bacteria growth showed that there is a weak downward (negative) linear relationship.Kegiatan pengelolaan minyak bumi terus meningkat, maka dari itu dibutuhkan tindakan penanganan pemulihan kondisi lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan laju pertumbuhan bakteri dan efi siensi penyisihan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) dengan variasi perlakuan pemberian kompos dan lumpur residu pengelolaan air limbah. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan konsentrasi awal TPH sebesar 5,5% selama 5 minggu atau sampai TPH mencapai konsentrasi kurang dari 1% sesuai dengan baku mutu. Tanah yang digunakan berasal dari Pantai Marunda, Bekasi. Kompos berasal dari UPS (Unit Pengolah Sampah) Merdeka, Depok. Lumpur Instalasi Pengelolaan Air Limbah (IPAL) berasal dari Jababeka. Isolat bakteri yang digunakan berasal dari tanah tercemar TPH disekitar ,kilang minyak. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan bakteri pada perlakuan penambahan kompos dan lumpur IPAL pada konsentrasi 5% dan 10% masing-masing adalah 0,7567/minggu dan 1,154/minggu untuk kompos, serta 0,8783/minggu dan1,1109/minggu untuk residu lumpur IPAL. Efisiensi penyisihan TPH yang diperoleh adalah 95,32% and 96,85% untuk penambahan kompos dan 91,15% dan 91,02% untuk penambahan residu lumpur IPAL pada konsentrasi 5% dan 10%. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t, perbedaan untuk masing-masing perlakuan tidaklah signifikan. Uji korelasi antara perubahan konsentrasi TPH dengan pertumbuhan bakteri menunjukkan hubungan lemah berbanding terbalik.
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Sayuti, Irda, Zulfarina Zulfarina, and Teguh Juliantani Widodo. "Influence of Potential Hydrogen (pH) on the Growth of Bacillus cereus IMB-11 during Hydrocarbon Degradation in vitro." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 8, no. 3 (2022): 686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i3.3230.
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This study aims to determine the pH variation of the growth of Bacillus cereus strain IMB-11 in degrading diesel fuel. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of PMIPA, FKIP, Universitas Riau while total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured in the solid residue in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ITB. This research was conducted in November 2019 – March 2020. The study was designed in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replication groups. The media used are SMSS media with the addition of pH 6.5; pH 7.0; and pH 7.5, which was added with diesel fuel as much as 5% and bacterial isolates of Bacillus cereus strain IMB-11. The test parameter was the optical density (OD) of bacterial growth of Bacillus cereus Strain IMB-11 which was monitored using a spectrophotometer for 6 days and the measurement on the level of degradation or TPH diesel fuel using the Gravimetric method. Based on the research, the moderate pH of 7.0 was the best condition for strain growth with an OD of 5.8 with 26.95% of degradation rate of diesel fuel in vitro.
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Viñas, Marc, Jordi Sabaté, María José Espuny, and Anna M. Solanas. "Bacterial Community Dynamics and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation during Bioremediation of Heavily Creosote-Contaminated Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (2005): 7008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7008-7018.2005.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial community dynamics and biodegradation processes were examined in a highly creosote-contaminated soil undergoing a range of laboratory-based bioremediation treatments. The dynamics of the eubacterial community, the number of heterotrophs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and PAH concentrations were monitored during the bioremediation process. TPH and PAHs were significantly degraded in all treatments (72 to 79% and 83 to 87%, respectively), and the biodegradation values were higher when nutrients were not added, especially for benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene. The moisture content and aeration were determined to be the key factors associated with PAH bioremediation. Neither biosurfactant addition, bioaugmentation, nor ferric octate addition led to differences in PAH or TPH biodegradation compared to biodegradation with nutrient treatment. All treatments resulted in a high first-order degradation rate during the first 45 days, which was markedly reduced after 90 days. A sharp increase in the size of the heterotrophic and PAH-degrading microbial populations was observed, which coincided with the highest rates of TPH and PAH biodegradation. At the end of the incubation period, PAH degraders were more prevalent in samples to which nutrients had not been added. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and principal-component analysis confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to both the biodegradation process and the addition of nutrients. At early stages of biodegradation, the α-Proteobacteria group (genera Sphingomonas and Azospirillum) was the dominant group in all treatments. At later stages, the γ-Proteobacteria group (genus Xanthomonas), the α-Proteobacteria group (genus Sphingomonas), and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (Bacteroidetes) were the dominant groups in the nonnutrient treatment, while the γ-Proteobacteria group (genus Xathomonas), the β-Proteobacteria group (genera Alcaligenes and Achromobacter), and the α-Proteobacteria group (genus Sphingomonas) were the dominant groups in the nutrient treatment. This study shows that specific bacterial phylotypes are associated both with different phases of PAH degradation and with nutrient addition in a preadapted PAH-contaminated soil. Our findings also suggest that there are complex interactions between bacterial species and medium conditions that influence the biodegradation capacity of the microbial communities involved in bioremediation processes.
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Jiang, Dengyu, Tao Li, Xuanhe Liang, et al. "Evaluation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil Remediation Technologies and Their Effects on Soybean Growth." Environments 12, no. 1 (2024): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12010006.
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The application of persulfate (PS) for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is among the most widely employed in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) techniques, and it has received widespread attention due to its limited impact on soil integrity. This study employed a FeSO4-activated PS oxidation method to investigate the feasibility of remediating soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The factors tested included the TPH concentration, different PS:FeSO4 ratios, the reaction time for remediation, soil physical and chemical property changes before and after remediation, and the effect of soil before and after remediation on soybean growth. The TPH degradation rate in soil was highest for high-, medium-, and low-TPHs soils—81.5%, 81.4%, and 72.9%, respectively, with minimal disruption to the soil’s physicochemical properties—when PS:FeSO4 = 1:1. The remediation verification results indicated that the condition of the soybeans was optimal when PS:FeSO4 = 1:1. Under this condition, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate all remained high. Therefore, the best remediation effect was achieved with PS:FeSO4 = 1:1, which also minimized the damage to the soil and the effects on crop growth.
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Kuo, Yu Chia, Sih Yu Wang, Chih Ming Kao, Chiu Wen Chen, and Wen Pei Sung. "Using Enhanced Landfarming System to Remediate Diesel Oil-Contaminated Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.554.
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The objective of this study was to assess the potential of applying enhanced landfarming system on the treatment of diesel-oil contaminated soils. Laboratory reactors were conducted to determine the optimal operational conditions of the modified landfarming. Except of frequent soil tilling for air replacement, different additive was added in each reactor enhance the removal efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). The additives used in this study included kitchen waste compost, petroleum-hydrocarbon (PH) degrading bacteria, rice husks, and activated sludge. PH-degrading bacteria were isolated from PH contaminated soils and activated sludge was collected from a wastewater treatment plant containing PH in the influent. PH-degrading bacteria and sludge were added to increase the microbial population and diversity. Rice husk was used as the bulking agent (soil to bulking agent volume ratio = 3:1) to increase the soil permeability. The compost (soil to compost volume ratio = 3:1) was used as organic amendment to increase both the microbial population and soil permeability. Results indicate that the highest first-order TPH decay rate and removal ratio were approximately 0.1 day-1 and 92.4%, respectively, observed in reactor containing compost. In the compost reactor, TPH dropped from 5,900 to 450 mg/kg and total viable bacterial counts increased from 9.4×105 to 7.2×108 cfu/g of soil within 25 days of incubation. This indicates that the kitchen waste compost contained high microbial population and organic content, which could cause the rapid bacterial growth and enhance the TPH degradation. The TPH removal ratios for sludge, PH-degrading bacteria, rice husks, and control reactors were 86.9, 83.1, 79.7, and 54%, respectively. This indicates that the soil tilling played an important role in the landfarming system, and significant amount of TPH removal was due to the volatilization mechanism. Adding sludge or PH-degrading bacteria could cause the increase in both the total microbial population and specific PH-degrading microbial consortia, which caused the increased TPH removal efficiency.
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Mostafa, Aya A., Ahmad K. Hegazy, Nermen H. Mohamed, et al. "Potentiality of Azolla pinnata R. Br. for Phytoremediation of Polluted Freshwater with Crude Petroleum Oil." Separations 8, no. 4 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8040039.
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The pollution of freshwater resources with crude petroleum oil is a major environmental issue in oil-producing countries. As a result, the remediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems using eco-friendly and cost-effective technology is receiving increased global attention. In this study, the ability of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to remediate petroleum-polluted freshwater was assessed. The remediation potentiality was determined by evaluating the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (TPH%) and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. TPH% was estimated gravimetrically, and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic fractions were measured using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results reveal that A. pinnata has the potential to phytoremediate freshwater polluted with low levels (up to 0.5 g/L) of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). After seven days of phytoremediation, the degradation rate of total PHs was 92% in the planted treatment compared with 38% in the unplanted positive control. The highest breakdown of PHs for the normal paraffinic saturated hydrocarbon fraction occurred in the presence of A. pinnata combined with Anabena azollaea (A-A), which showed a moderate degradation capacity toward total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicate that A. pinnata effectively removed C18, a saturated PH, and acenaphthene (Ace), an aromatic PH. Therefore, this study suggests that A. pinnata is a useful tool for the remediation of freshwaters contaminated with low pollution levels of crude oil.
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Nkereuwem, Michael Edet, Adeniyi Olarewaju Adeleye, Uzaifa Adamu Karfi, Musbahu Bashir, and Fatimah Kamaldeen. "Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertiliser on bioremediation of spent engine oil contaminated soil." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 55, no. 1 (2022): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2022-0014.
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Abstract Hydrocarbon-related environmental pollution is a major environmental hazard due to its toxicity and widespread presence in the environment, resulting in stunted growth of soil microorganisms, plants, and animals. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and compost made from Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and cattle dung in the bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil (SEO)-contaminated soil. About 2.5 kg of sterilised soil was contaminated with SEO at different concentrations: 0, 100, and 150 mL / pot. Compost was then added after two weeks of contamination at the rate of 10 g / pot. Inoculation for treatments containing Glomus mossaea (consisting of 20 g of root soil-fungal mixture) was blended into the soil samples as well. It was a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment that was laid out in a completely randomised design and replicated three times. The incubation was allowed to last for twelve (12) weeks before the termination of the experiment. Data were collected on the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), bacterial and fungal biomass of the SEO-contaminated soil. Results obtained indicate that combined application of mycorrhiza with 100 mL / pot SEO resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower residual TPH content (54.50% degradation) of the contaminated soil compared to the other treatment combinations whereas significantly higher residual TPH content (20.43% degradation) of the contaminated soil was obtained from the interaction between 150 mL / pot SEO and without mycorrhizal inoculation. Interaction between mycorrhiza and 10 g / pot compost had a significantly higher bacterial colony (6.58 CFU / g) compared to other treatment combinations. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a significantly higher fungal colony (5.844 CFU / g) compared with non-mycorrhizal inoculation (3.222 CFU / g). Therefore, it can be concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation and compost were effective in the bioremediation of SEO-impacted soil.
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Egobueze, Francis E., Josiah M. Ayotamuno, Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue, Chibogwu Eze, and Reuben N. Okparanma. "Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oil." International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00315-6.
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Abstract Purpose This study sought to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the degradation of hydrocarbons and vegetative properties of Zea mays grown in crude oil-contaminated wetland soils of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methods Two soil types were investigated, namely, fadama soil (oxisol) and swamp forest soil (utisol). For each soil type, 48 treatment cells and 1 control containing 1 kg of soil each were spiked with crude oil at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 g kg−1, representing 5–20% (m/m) contamination levels, respectively. Then, 5 days after the contamination, the soils were amended with cow dung (CD), poultry waste (PW), and palm oil waste (POW). The ratios of soil to organic amendments used were 1:1 and 2:1. The soils were tilled and irrigated regularly, and monitored for a total period of 112 days. The same conditions were used to investigate the vegetative properties of Z. mays in these oil-contaminated soils with organic amendments. Results The total organic carbon (TOC) and pH increased significantly within the first 2 weeks after crude oil contamination; thereafter, the pH of the soil decreased significantly over incubation time, while there was steady increase in TOC with incubation time. The percentage nitrogen and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) decreased significantly. The utisol soil showed better plant performance, despite the lower hydrocarbon degradation rate. Conclusion The organic amendments showed a TPH degradation trend that followed the order: PW > CD > POW. They also improved the seed emergence of Zea mays.
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Ntekpe, M. E., M. A. Ekpo, U. U. Ndubuisi-Nnaji, E. O. Mbong, and E. Ntino. "Influence of Spent Lubricating Oil Spiked Compost on Microbial Counts and Hydrocarbon Degradation Rate in Soils." Biotechnology Journal International 27, no. 4 (2023): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i4687.
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This study evaluated the influence of organic fertilizers produced from spent lubricating oil (SLO) spiked aerobic composting technique on hydrocarbon degradation rate in soils. The compost windrows (Ft2 and Ft4), consisting of kitchen and agricultural wastes, were spiked with varying concentrations (2% and 4%) of SLO. The resultant organic fertilizers were employed as amendment in pollution simulated potted soils laid out in a complete randomized block design with three replications for 90 days. Results revealed higher counts of hydrocarbon utilizing microbes (HUB: 4.2±0.02×104cfu/g in Ft2, 3.0±0.02×104cfu/g in Ft4; HUF: 3.9±0.2×104cfu/g in Ft2, 2.5±0.02×104cfu/g in Ft4) in spiked compost compared to the control, Ft0 (HUB: 7.9±0.02×103cfu/g; HUF: 6.0±0.2×103cfu/g). Mean count in amended soils reflected a dose-dependent increase which followed the trend: Ft2 ˃ Ft0 ˃ Ft4 for the 5% (3.7×108 cfu/g), 10% (9.2×107 cfu/g) and 15% (6.9×107 cfu/g) levels of fertilizer treatments respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the TPH content of soils after 90days treatment with organic fertilizers. Generally, remediation efficiency followed the order: Ft2 ˃ Ft0 ˃ Ft4, with the highest (11.51%) achieved at 5% Ft2 application. Spiking technique was responsible for the higher counts of hydrocarbon utilizing microbes and enhanced bioremediation associated with the use of fertilizers Ft2.
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Ndekhedehe, Ime E., Solomon E. Shaibu, Itoro E. Udo, and Nathaniel S. Essien. "Systematic Intrinsic Biodegradation Studies of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil of Bdere Community in South-South, Nigeria." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, no. 2 (2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2382.006.
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Crude oil pollution is a perennial environmental menace that has bedevilled the South-South ecosystem of Nigeria. This study was aimed at using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique to investigate the biodegradation capabilities of nine bacterial cultures on crude oil residues in Bdere area in South-South, Nigeria. These microorganisms include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas putida, Clostridium spp, Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Serratia spp. The results from the microbial-degraded samples were compared with an abiotic control. The findings reveal that the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the microbial-treated samples was significantly attenuated compared to the control, confirming the microrganism's ability to degrade crude oil components. The primary degradation pathway involved biological oxidation of the aliphatic hydrocarbons, transforming them to primary alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acid derivatives. Degradation was also observed across a wide range of short and long-chain alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, some resistant compounds persisted, and certain degradation products inhibited the rate of further biodegradation. The generation of new metabolites and intermediates confirmed the effective microbial remediation. These findings expand our understanding of microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, offering potential strategies for environmental remediation of oil-contaminated sites.
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Nursyabani, Desvia Diyanti, Pudjawati Suryatmana, and Rija Sudirja. "PENGARUH JENIS INOKULAN DAN DOSIS KOMPOS DALAM FITOREMEDIASI MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN RAMI." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 25, no. 1 (2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v25i1.20035.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara pemberian jenis inokulan dan kompos rami terhadap laju degradasi hidrokarbon, total populasi Azospirillum sp., dan diameter batang rami. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2017 sampai dengan Februari 2018 di Laboratorium Biologi Tanah, Laboratorium Kimia Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman, Rumah Kaca dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu jenis inokulan dan dosis kompos. Perhitungan total populasi Azospirillum sp. dengan metode Total Plate Count (TPC) dan pengukuran kadar Total Petroleum Hidrokarbon (TPH) dengan metode gravimetri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor perlakuan jenis inokulan dan dosis kompos pada fitoremediasi tanah tercemar hidrokarbon minyak bumi tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh interaksi terhadap laju degradasi hidrokarbon, total populasi Azospirillum sp., dan diameter batang tanaman rami. Terjadi pengaruh mandiri faktor perlakuan dosis kompos terhadap laju degradasi hidrokarbon dan diameter batang tanaman rami. Pengaruh mandiri dosis kompos rami memberikan hasil terbaik pada dosis 2,5% (w/w) terhadap peningkatan diameter batang tanaman rami.THE EFFECT OF INOCULANT TYPE AND COMPOST DOSAGE IN PHYTOREMEDIATION PROCESS USING RAMIE PLANTThis study was aimed at determining the interaction between the administration of inoculant types and hemp compost to the rate of hydrocarbon degradation, the total population of Azospirillum sp., and the diameter of the hemp stem. This study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 in the Soil Biology Laboratory, Soil Chemistry, and Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Greenhouse and Experimental Gardens, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of two factors: the type of inoculant and compost dose. Calculation of the total population of Azospirillum sp. by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method and measurement of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) levels by the gravimetric method. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the factor of inoculant treatment and compost dosage in phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils does not show any interaction effect on the rate of hydrocarbon degradation, total population of Azospirillum sp., and stem diameter of hemp plants. There is an independent effect of compost dose treatment factor on the rate of hydrocarbon degradation and stem diameter of the hemp plant. The independent effect of hemp compost dose gives the best results at a dose of 2.5% (w/w) to increase the diameter of the hemp plant stems.
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Alvarez, Vanessa Marques, Joana Montezano Marques, Elisa Korenblum, and Lucy Seldin. "Comparative Bioremediation of Crude Oil-Amended Tropical Soil Microcosms by Natural Attenuation, Bioaugmentation, or Bioenrichment." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/156320.
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Bioremediation is an efficient strategy for cleaning up sites contaminated with organic pollutants. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of monitored natural attenuation, bioenrichment, and bioaugmentation using a consortium of three actinomycetes strains in remediating two distinct typical Brazilian soils from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes that were contaminated with crude oil, with or without the addition of NaCl. Microcosms were used to simulate bioremediation treatments over a 120-day period. During this period, we monitored total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and n-alkanes degradation and changes in bacterial communities. Over time, we found the degradation rate of n-alkanes was higher than TPH in both soils, independent of the treatment used. In fact, our data show that the total bacterial community in the soils was mainly affected by the experimental period of time, while the type of bioremediation treatment used was the main factor influencing the actinomycetes populations in both soils. Based on these data, we conclude that monitored natural attenuation is the best strategy for remediation of the two tropical soils studied, with or without salt addition.
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Aina, O. R., E. I. Atuanya, C. E. Oshoma, A. E. Omotayo, and O. N. Olaleye. "BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL OF RHIZOSPHERIC MICROORGANISMS OF RHIZOPHORA RACEMOSA IN CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED MANGROVE SWAMP IN THE NIGER DELTA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 2, no. 2 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i2.172.
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Rhizophora racemosa (red mangrove tree) belongs to the family Rhizophoraceae; it is an important constituent of the mangrove swamp in Niger Delta, an oil producing region in Nigeria. The remediation of soils containing organic pollutants is possible with the use of microbial communities when the ecology is understood for potentials maximization. This study investigated the biodegradation potential of rhizospheric microorganisms of Rhizophora racemosa in crude oil- contaminated mangrove swamp in the Niger Delta.The total microbial count was determined by the serial dilution method. The hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and fungi were enumerated using Mineral Salts Agar containing crude oil as the sole carbon source. The biodegradation potential of these rhizomicrobes was determined using screen test, shake flask degradation tests, Total Organic Gas (TOG) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) InfraCal Analyzer (HATR-T2 and CH). The turbidity, total organic gas (TOG-N) and total petroleum hydrocarbon were measured weekly for twenty-eight days. Hydrocarbon-degrading microbes isolated from the rhizosphere were identified as Marinococcus sp., Azotobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The highest rate of TPH reduction was recorded in Acinetobacter sp. (from 150 mg/L on day 1 to ˂0.0031 mg/L on day 14). This was followed by Candida albicans (148mg/L on day 1 to 2.68mg/L on day 28) and Aspergillus flavus (150mg/L on day 1 to 4.21mg/L on day 28) In conclusion, it can be inferred that the some rhizospheric microbes of Rhizophora racemosa can efficienctly degrade hydrocarbon up to 100% rate over a period of 28 days.
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Ashwini G and Dr. Basappa B Kori. "Optimization of Nutrients Concentration Required for the Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (2024): 1124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0148.
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There is a growing public concern as petroleum hydrocarbons are being introduced inadvertently or deliberately in large volumes into the environment thus causing a long term threat to all forms of life. Thus remediation of these is of utmost importance. The bioremediation technology is being employed for the degradation of crude oil in soil matrix through microorganisms which can transform petroleum hydrocarbons into less toxic compounds. In this study, optimum nutrients (C: N: P) concentration required for the microbial growth was investigated. The petroleum oily sludge, contaminated soil, soil rich in native microorganisms was collected and the same was used to prepare simulated contaminated soil which was filled up to 3/4th of the reactors volume. All the parameters except the C: N: P ratio in the reactors were maintained constant throughout the study period. The C: N: P ratios varies from 100:2.5:0.25 to 100:20:2 in the twenty reactors, N and P were amended to make up the required ratios. N and P were not added into the control reactor. Treatability studies on TPH contaminated soil was conducted in all the reactors for a period of six weeks. The results of the study reveals that among the different C:N:P ratios, C:N:P ratio of 100:10:1 gave the maximum TPH removal of 59.57 % with biodegradation rate of 0.022 day/1, R2 obtained was 0.968 which suggest that there exists a strong relationship between biodegradation and time. The results thereby imply that nutrients concentration is the most important factor that affects the biodegradation of petroleum-hydrocarbons in tropical soils.
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Epelle, Gift Jeremiah, Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka Joy, and Peter Ukpaka Chukwuemeka. "Crude oil remediation using plant extract of Guava leaf (Psidium guajava) in soil environment." Chemistry International 9, no. 2 (2023): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8118106.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of fermented Guava Leaf (<em>Psidium guajava</em>) fluid extract in bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil. For this purpose, 6reactors were set up and labelled R<sub>1</sub> to R<sub>6</sub>, with R<sub>6</sub> as the control. 2kg of soil sample was polluted with 150ml of crude oil and the remediant was added to each reactor. The volume of remediant were varied at increasing order of 20ml to 100ml from R<sub>1</sub> to R<sub>5</sub>. R<sub>6</sub> contains no remediant. Samples were taken and analyzed at 4days interval for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and nutrient content. The study lasted for 20days. At the end of the study period, there was 75.65% and 91.95% decrease in the concentration of TPH in R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>5</sub>, with the lowest and the highest respectively, compared to 18.44% decrease in R<sub>6</sub>. Similarly, there was a gradual decrease in the concentrations of total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in all samples. The transient growth of the bacteria and fungi was monitored with respect to the degradation rate of the substrate in each batch bioreactor and the result obtained demonstrates the following phases, lag, progressive or exponential, stationery and death or decline. This reveals the theory of Monod’s model indicating decline in a viable nutrient and substrate utilization in each bioreactor. This research has demonstrated that <em>psidium guajava</em> possess the characteristics of good biostimulant enhancing bioremediation of polluted soil environment.
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Daâssi, Dalel, and Fatimah Qabil Almaghrabi. "Petroleum-Degrading Fungal Isolates for the Treatment of Soil Microcosms." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (2023): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051351.
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The main purpose of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil in batch microcosm reactors. Native soil fungi isolated from the same petroleum-polluted soil and ligninolytic fungal strains were screened and applied in the treatment of soil-contaminated microcosms in aerobic conditions. The bioaugmentation processes were carried out using selected hydrocarbonoclastic fungal strains in mono or co-cultures. Results demonstrated the petroleum-degrading potential of six fungal isolates, namely KBR1 and KBR8 (indigenous) and KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 (exogenous). Based on the molecular and phylogenetic analysis, KBR1 and KB8 were identified as Aspergillus niger [MW699896] and tubingensis [MW699895], while KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 were affiliated with the genera Syncephalastrum sp. [MZ817958], Paecilomyces formosus [MW699897], Fusarium chlamydosporum [MZ817957] and Coniochaeta sp. [MW699893], respectively. The highest rate of TPH degradation was recorded in soil microcosm treatments (SMT) after 60 days by inoculation with Paecilomyces formosus 97 ± 2.54%, followed by bioaugmentation with the native strain Aspergillus niger (92 ± 1.83%) and then by the fungal consortium (84 ± 2.21%). The statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences.
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Murti Sujadi, Frentina, Yahya Yahya, Andi Kurniawan, and Abd Aziz Amin. "Lubricant Oil Bioremediation by Rhodococcus erythropolis Bacteria and Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Water Contaminated with Lubricant Oil." Research Journal of Life Science 7, no. 1 (2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.01.7.
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The bioremediation system can be improved by using specific bacterial potential as oil-degrading bacteria which microorganisms can use hydrocarbons as a carbon source for their metabolic processes. The aim of this study is to identify R. erythropolis on degradation oil contamination and to obtain indigenous bacteria as new agent bacteria on bioremediation of oil contamination. The polluted water samples from used oil were taken from PPN Prigi, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia. The parameters considered were the detection and characterization of indigenous bacteria that degraded used oil. The density of bacteria was analyzed in the interval time of days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 7 and TPH was analyzed at final incubation. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of reducing oil concentration was used in testing the potential of bacteria from the highest was Pseudomonas aeruginosa which as indigenous bacteria isolated from water contaminated sites with application cell rate 1×108 cells/ml. It reduced of oil concentration up to 53%, and 1×106 cells/ml reduced oil concentration up to 47%. While, R. erythropolis with application cell rate 1×108 cells/ml reduced 47%. This result was found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was effectively removed of oil concentration.
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Blenkinsopp, Sandra, Gary Sergy, Zhendi Wang, Mervin F. Fingas, Julia Foght, and Donald W. S. Westlake. "OIL SPILL BIOREMEDIATION AGENTS—CANADIAN EFFICACY TEST PROTOCOLS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-91.
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ABSTRACT Thirteen commercial oil spill bioremediation agents (OSBAs) were tested over a two-year period during the development of a screening protocol designed to evaluate the hydrocarbon degradation efficacy of OSBAs under warm freshwater or cold marine water conditions. The OSBAs were added at the rate specified, to shaker flasks containing a standard test oil, nutrients if requested, and a defined medium. Standardized freshwater or marine microbial inocula were developed to act as internal controls for the screening protocol, that is, to ensure that conditions were suitable for oil biodegradation to occur in each test performed. After the incubation period, the oil was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The warm freshwater efficacy method exhibited good reproducibility but the cold marine test requires further refinement. The minimum acceptance standard for products tested under standard warm freshwater conditions is currently based on the product achieving GC-detectable total petroleum hydrocarbon (GCD-TPH), aliphatic, and aromatic reductions of 35, 30, and 10 percent, respectively, when compared with the weathered Alberta Sweet Mixed Blend (ASMB) source oil. These values may be adjusted with further experimental testing. Products with acceptable efficacy and toxicity results will be assumed to have good potential application in spill cleanup and will be identified as such to the spill response community.
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Zahari, Nur Zaida, and Piakong Mohd Tuah. "Formulation and Viability of Consortia LIBeM Using Protective Agent Skim Milk Subjected to Freeze Drying Method for Degradation of Oil Sludge Contaminated Soil." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 7, no. 2 (2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v7i2.491.
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The formulation and viability of locally-isolated beneficial microorganisms (LIBeM) consortia was conducted by using protective agent skim milk at 30% (w/v). A 10% (v/v) of inoculum consists of mixed cultures C. tropicalis-RETL-Cr1+ C. violaceum-MAB-Cr1 + P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1 (RETL-Cr1+ MAB-Cr1+BAS-Cr1) were obtained from the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Sabah and tested for biodegradation of oil sludge using the live cell powdered form. LIBeM formulation was carried out by using lyophilization under vacuum conditions for 24 hours. The viability of the initial cell loads on the final recovery after freeze drying process was measured weekly by heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Surface morphological of LIBeM powder (LiBeM-POW) was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show any changes on the surface cell structures. The results showed that the use of 10% (v/v) of inoculum with 108 CFU/ mL as initial cell concentrations and 30% (w/v) skim milk as protective agent yielded 31.9% maximum viability. The findings also indicate that the survival rate of LIBeM cells have potential to survive and functionality even after 13 weeks of the storage with 106 CFU/ mL recorded. The effectiveness of microbial formulation of LiBeM-POW was done by carrying out the biodegradation experiment in ASP-bioreactor system for 56 days. Two sets of ASP- bioreactor system containing 2 kg of soil mixed with 20% (v/v) of oil sludge were prepared as T1: treatment with consortia LIBeM-POW and T2: natural attenuation as a control plot. The results indicated that LIBeM-POW has potential to be applied in bioremediation of oil sludge contaminated environments with 92% degradation of TPH as compared to natural attenuation 26% degradation. This finding suggests the possibility of producing freeze dried powder of LIBeM consortia with high viability for prior used in bioremediation study. The comparison of other protective agent used by previous studied was also discussed in this paper.
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Roslee, Ahmad Fareez Ahmad, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, et al. "Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica." Biology 10, no. 6 (2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060493.
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Pollution associated with petrogenic hydrocarbons is increasing in Antarctica due to a combination of increasing human activity and the continent’s unforgiving environmental conditions. The current study focuses on the ability of a cold-adapted crude microbial consortium (BS24), isolated from soil on the north-west Antarctic Peninsula, to metabolise diesel fuel as the sole carbon source in a shake-flask setting. Factors expected to influence the efficiency of diesel biodegradation, namely temperature, initial diesel concentration, nitrogen source type and concentration, salinity and pH were studied. Consortium BS24 displayed optimal cell growth and diesel degradation activity at 1.0% NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.5 g/L NH4Cl and 2.0% v/v initial diesel concentration during one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analyses. The consortium was psychrotolerant based on the optimum growth temperature of 10‒15 °C. In conventionally optimised media, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) mineralisation was 85% over a 7-day incubation. Further optimisation of conditions predicted through statistical response-surface methodology (RSM) (1.0% NaCl, pH 7.25, 0.75 g/L NH4Cl, 12.5 °C and 1.75% v/v initial diesel concentration) boosted mineralisation to 95% over a 7-day incubation. A Tessier secondary model best described the growth pattern of BS24 in diesel-enriched medium, with maximum specific growth rate, μmax, substrate inhibition constant, Ki and half saturation constant, Ks, being 0.9996 h−1, 1.356% v/v and 1.238% v/v, respectively. The data obtained suggest the potential of microbial consortia such as BS24 in bioremediation applications in low-temperature diesel-polluted soils.
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Safrilia, Savira, and Ipung Fitri Purwanti. "Bioremediation of Kerosene Contaminated Soil with the Addition of Bacillus cereus Bacteria." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 2, no. 9 (2023): 853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v2i9.91.
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 The development of road development in Indonesia is directly proportional to the needs of human transportation, among the many types of road pavements, the use of asphalt as a road pavement material is the main choice. Buton asphalt (Asbuton) is a mixture of asphalt with other mineral materials in the form of rocks. To obtain pure asbuton it is necessary to carry out extraction. Kerosene is widely used as a solvent in the manufacture of asphalt. It causes environmental pollution and leads to loss of ecological function and health problems. One environmentally friendly, economical, and effective method to overcome oil pollution is to use bioremediation technology. Bacillus cereus bacteria are believed to be able to reduce oil levels in the soil because Bacillus cereus is classified as a hydrocarbonclastic bacterium, besides that Bacillus cereus is also able to produce enzymes that can hydrolyze complex proteins and polysaccharides and form endospores. In this study, the soil samples used were spiked soil with a polluting source in the form of kerosene with a concentration of 10% (w / w). Variables in this study include variations in the addition of bacterial inoculum and variations in nutrient addition. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale for 15 days. The analysis used in this study is Total Petroleoum Hydrocarbon (TPH) with gravimetric method to determine the oil content contained in waste, and Total Plate Count (TPC) to determine the number of bacterial colonies, temperature, pH, and water content. The results showed the best rate of reduction in kerosene concentration with the addition of 10% inoculum concentration and with the addition of nutrients. Bacillus cereus was able to reduce kerosene levels up to 67,499 mg / kg with a degradation rate of 26.58%.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Asuka, Ebiye, and Oku Hyginus. "Evaluation of Organic Treatments for Enhanced Bioremediation of Crude Oil Impacted Soil in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 2, no. 4 (2023): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v2i4.61025.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate organic treatments for enhanced bioremediation of crude oil impacted soil in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Koroama community in Gbarain clan, Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was randomly selected for the study. The experimental research design was adopted for this study, which was carried out for 28 days. The required soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 – 15cm from a 3 x 3m experimental plot developed in a farmland in Koroama community. Five sampled points, in the form of flat beds A, B, C, D and E respectively were randomly selected. Sampled beds A to D were simulated (contaminated) with 2.25kg of crude oil. The objective is to simulate conditions of a major crude oil spill. The crude oil contaminated soil samples were then allowed to condition for 6 days before treatment with 2kg organic treatments like goat manure (GM), poultry droppings (PD) and the combination of goat manure and poultry droppings (GM & PD). Bed E was unpolluted and untreated (control A) while Bed D was crude oil impacted and untreated soil (control B). The study showed that the impact of crude oil on the soil affects both the physical properties of the soil. The study also showed that the sampled organic treatments were all effective in restoring the physical properties of the crude oil impacted soil. At the end of the study, GM showed the highest TPH degradation rate (62.1%) followed by PD (57.1%) and the least, the combination of GM & PD (52.0%). Hence, the application of GM, PD and the combination of GM & PD are highly recommended for bioremediation of crude of impacted soil with special preference to GM.
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Li, Lei, Clark J. Nelson, Josua Trösch, Ian Castleden, Shaobai Huang, and A. Harvey Millar. "Protein Degradation Rate in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Growth and Development." Plant Cell 29, no. 2 (2017): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00768.
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Ferguson, Dale C., Ryan C. Hoffmann, Daniel P. Engelhart, and Elena A. Plis. "Voltage Threshold and Power Degradation Rate for GPS Solar Array Arcing." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, no. 8 (2017): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2694387.
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Pei, Zhenzhao, Heng Jia, Yulong Zhang, et al. "A One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Eu/BiVO4 Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Degradation of Tetracycline." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (2020): 3053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17446.
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Eu/BiVO4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of Eu/BiVO4 photocatalysts were investigated by XRD, SEM and FT-IR and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) under the visible light irradiation. From the photocatalytic activity test, 1% Eu/BiVO4 displayed more superior photodegradation efficiency with 91.4% degradation efficiency of TCH in 150 min by contrast with 77.3% degradation rate of pure BiVO4. The mechanism has been explored that h+ is the primary active species, and ·OH is a secondary active substance in the photocatalytic process.
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Lam, Hoang, and Vu Anh-Tuan. "Preparation of Novel Triangular Prism e -Zn(OH)2 by the Facile Precipitation Route for the Photocatalysis Under Visible Light." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 41 (2022): 2143–50. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i41.1368.
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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to decompose antibiotic of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in aqueous medium by photocatalysis under the visible light irradiation. <strong>Method:</strong> Photocatalyst e -Zn(OH)2 was synthesized by facile precipitation method from an aqueous containing zinc nitrate, using trisodium citrate dihydrate. The characterization of as-prepared material was confirmed by XRD, SEM, FI-IR, and UV-Vis-DR. The catalytic performance of catalyst was evaluated by batch reaction. <strong>Finding:</strong> e -Zn(OH)2 has an orthorhombic structure with a length prism of 5-7 mm and triangle angles of 56.92, 69.46, and 66.71o e -Zn(OH)2 has been shown to efficiently degrade tetracycline hydrochloride. The degradation efficiency (DE) and reaction rate at the TCH concentration of 5 mg/L were the highest, exhibiting 89.51% and 0.120 min-1, respectively. The alkaline medium was an appropriate condition for degradation of TCH on catalyst.<strong> Application/Improvement</strong>: e -Zn(OH)2 was synthesized by the facile precipitation method, it has relatively strong photocatalytic ability for applying in treatment of medical wastewater. <strong>Novelty:</strong> Novel triangular prism e -Zn(OH)2 was prepared for photocatalysis. The relationship between structure and catalytic efficiency was investigated in detail. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism of TCH on e -Zn(OH)2 has been proposed. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Photocatalyst; Zn(OH) 2; Tetracycline hydrochloride; Degradation; Kinetic
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Ma, Siyu, Yiying Qin, Kongyuan Sun, Jahangeer Ahmed, Wei Tian, and Zhaoxia Ma. "Round-the-Clock Adsorption–Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Ag/Ni-TiO2." Materials 17, no. 12 (2024): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17122930.
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The synergy of adsorption and photocatalysis is a good method to remove organic pollutants in wastewater. In recent decades, persistent photocatalysis has gained considerable interest for its ability to sustain the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the dark. Herein, we report three different TiO2 nanomaterials to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in solution. We found that the removal ability of TiO2, Ni-TiO2, and Ag/Ni-TiO2 is 8.8 mg/g, 13.9 mg/g and 23.4 mg/g, respectively, when the initial concentration of TCH is 50 mg/L. Chemical adsorption could be the rate-determining step in the TCH adsorption process. Moreover, Ag nanoparticles dispersed on Ni doped TiO2 surface act as traps to capture photo-generated electrons upon illumination with indoor light. The holes in Ag/Ni-TiO2 serve as critical oxidative species in TCH degradation under dark conditions. This work provides new insights into the design of persistent photocatalysts that can be activated by weak illumination and degrade organic pollutants in wastewater after sunset.
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Ma, Lizhe, Zhiyong Fang, Jieli Duan, et al. "Mesoporous TiO2@g-C3N4 Nanostructure-Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Under Full-Spectrum Sunlight." Molecules 29, no. 24 (2024): 5981. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245981.
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TiO2 has broad prospects in reducing the safety risks posed by emerging pollutants in water environments. However, the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limits the activity and photon utilization efficiency of TiO2. In this study, mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2) and ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets were composited using a hydrothermal method, with the m-TiO2 tightly and uniformly wrapped by g-C3N4. The chemical structure, elemental composition, and optical properties of the heterojunction were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS). The activity of the m-TiO2@g-C3N4 was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Results showed that the heterojunction exhibited significantly enhanced reactivity compared to pure m-TiO2 and g-C3N4, with kinetic rates of TCH being 1.48 and 6.84 times that of pure m-TiO2 and g-C3N4, respectively. The TCH degradation kinetic rate varied from 0.194 min−1 to 0.026 min−1 and then decreased to 0.015 min−1 on the scale of the bandgap and the number of absorbed photons in m-TiO2@g-C3N4. Concurrently, a 10wt% doping amount of g-C3N4 significantly increased the reaction rate of photogenerated carriers in the system compared to the recombination rate, corresponding to excellent photon efficiency. Reproducibility was evaluated, and a possible degradation mechanism is proposed. This study opens new perspectives for the optimization of catalyst preparation processes aimed at enhancing photon efficiency.
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Encheva, Elzhana, Savina Koleva, Martin Tsvetkov, and Maria Milanova. "Enhanced Fenton-like Catalytic Activation of Peroxymonosulfate over Macroporous LaFeO3 for Water Remediation." Crystals 15, no. 5 (2025): 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15050394.
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Four different-sized carbon microspheres, CS, obtained by a facile hydrothermal method, are applied as a hard template for the preparation of a series of macroporous LaFeO3. The average particle size of the CS obtained is between 0.350 and 0.700 µm. The macroporous LaFeO3 are tested in a Fenton-like activation of peroxymonosulfate, PMS, for oxidation of tetracycline hydrochloride, TCH, in model water solution under visible-light irradiation. The effect of parameters such as type of irradiation, temperature of the reaction, and type of the water matrixes was tested. The oxidation of the pollutant TCH is evaluated by total organic carbon and organic nitrogen measurements. The results showed the superior catalytic activity of macroporous LaFeO3 in comparison to pure LaFeO3. Rate constants between 0.036 and 0.184 min−1 at 25 °C were obtained. The activation energy for the process with the most active macroporous LaFeO3 was 33.88 kJ/mol, a value lower than for the catalytic process with PMS only, proving the positive role of the macroporous LaFeO3 for TCH degradation. Radical scavenger measurements showed that singlet oxygen, produced during the catalytic degradation process, was responsible for the performance of macroporous LaFeO3/PMS/visible light for TCH degradation. The catalysts proved to be efficient and recyclable.
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Tian, Tingting, Xinfeng Zhu, Zhongxian Song, et al. "Large-Scale Synthesis of Iron Ore@Biomass Derived ESBC to Degrade Tetracycline Hydrochloride for Heterogeneous Persulfate Activation." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (2022): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111345.
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Iron-based catalysts are widely used in water treatment and environmental remediation due to their abundant content in nature and their ability to activate persulfate at room temperature. Here, eggshell biochar-loaded natural iron slag (IO@ESBC) was successfully synthesized to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) by activated persulfate. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of IO@ESBC were systematically characterized. The IO@ESBC/PS process showed good performance for TCH removal. The decomposition rate constant (k) for IO@ESBC was 0.011 min−1 and the degradation rate was 3690 mmol/g/h in this system. With the increase of PS concentration and IO@ESBC content, the removal rate of TCH both increased. The IO@ESBC/PS process can effectively remove TCH at pH 3–9. There are different effects on TCH removal for the reason that the addition of water matrix species (humic acid, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3− and HPO42−). The IO@ESBC/PS system for degrading TCH was mainly controlled by both the free radical pathway (SO4•−, •OH and O2•−) and non-free radical pathway (1O2). The loading of ESBC slows down the agglomeration between iron particles, and more active sites are exposed. The removal rate of TCH was still above 75% after five cycles of IO@ESBC. This interesting investigation has provided a green route for synthesis of composite driving from waste resources, expanding its further application for environmental remediations.
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Li, S. J., E. Pang, and W. J. Zhao. "Photoassisted activation of persulfate by Cu2(OH)2CO3 for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 19, no. 1 (2024): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2024.191.309.
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Cu2(OH)2CO3 (cupric carbonate basic, CCB) is a common copper-based semiconductor compound that can absorb the visible light due to its suitable bandgap structure. Here, CCB was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal strategy. The catalyst exhibited excellent activation activity of persulfate (PS) supported by visible light irradiation and can degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 10.0. Under the condition of 0.1 g/L catalyst and 2 mM PS, the removal rate of TCH (30 mg/L) reached 96% after 60 min of visible light irradiation. Coexisting anions (Cl- , HCO3 - , SO4 2- ) had little effect on the TCH degradation. The synergistic effects of CCB combined with PS and visible light were beneficial for the separation of photogenerated hole-electrons and the generation of more free radicals. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments and quenching experiments show that HO∙ and h+ are the predominant species in the catalytic reaction. Thus, this study proposes a promising approach using the CCB/PS/Vis system for wastewater remediation.
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Phothilangka, P., M. A. Schoen, M. Huber, P. Luchetta, T. Winkler, and B. Wett. "Prediction of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (2008): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.726.
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Thermal hydrolysis is known for an efficient sludge disintegration capability to enhance biogas potential—but to which extent? Obviously, residual VSS concentration in digested sludge gives not sufficient information to predict additional biogas potential. In this paper, different types of waste activated sludge (WAS) were pre-hydrolysed by a full-scale Thermo-Pressure-Hydrolysis Process (Thermo-Druck-Hydrolyse, TDH) and break-down mechanisms on specific organic compounds were investigated. The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) has been used for a systematic analysis of monitoring data gained from experimental work. The TDH process combined with anaerobic digestion can be well described by a modified ADM1 model that includes an XP-fraction (inactivated aerobic biomass and their decay products). More rapid and more complete degradation of TDH-treated sludge is represented by calibrated disintegration rate and disintegration factors, while biokinetic parameters of acetogenesis and methanogenesis show no sensitivity. TDH process impacts mainly biomass and decay products while inerts Xi already contained in the raw wastewater are hardly converted. Final concentration of soluble inerts in digestion effluent has been increased from 2% to 9% of influent COD due to thermal hydrolysis. An increase in biogas generation (ca. +80%) and in ammonia release (ca. +75%) can be explained by complete degradation of cell mass.
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Bhaumik, Patel, Gopani Mehul, Vikani Kartik, Patel Rashmin, and Patel Mrunali. "Stability Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimation of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride and Risperidone in Tablet Formulation: Development and Validation Consideration." Chromatography Research International 2014 (March 19, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/523184.
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This paper describes validated reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP) and risperidone (RSP) in the pure powder form and in combined tablet dosage form. The HPLC separation was achieved on a core shell C18 (100 mm length × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm particle size) using methanol : ammonium acetate buffer 1% (85 : 15 v/v; pH-6.5) as mobile phase and delivered at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The calibration plot showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.997 ± 0.001 for THP and r2 = 0.998 ± 0.001 for RSP in concentration range of 50–175 μg/mL and 50–175 μg/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.40 and 1.29 μg/mL for THP and 1.24 and 3.92 μg/mL for RSP. Assay of THP and RSP was found to be 100.16 ± 0.03% and 99.83 ± 0.02%, respectively. THP and RSP were subjected to different stress conditions (acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic degradation). The degraded product peaks were well resolved from the pure drug peak. The method was successfully validated as per the ICH guidelines. The developed RP-HPLC method was successfully applied for the estimation of THP and RSP in tablet dosage form.