Journal articles: 'Tracé de rayon'

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Sabbarese, C., F. Ambrosino, and V. Roca. "ANALYSIS BY SCANNER OF TRACKS PRODUCED BY RADON ALPHA PARTICLES IN CR-39 DETECTORS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (September 2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa140.

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Abstract The most used passive detectors for Radon measurement are the CR39s, both for the good stability of the material and for the practicality of use. But, commercial reading systems are expensive and not always fast. The aim of the present work was the development of a method for a rapid, efficient and economic evaluation of the result of the indoor Radon measurement performed with CR39 detectors. The analysis and acquisition of detector images were performed using a photo scanner and the free ImageJ software. Several groups of CR-39 detectors were exposed, developed and analysed. Calibration curve was obtained in a wide range of exposure values (200–12 000 kBq·h·m −3) to allow the procedure to be applied in all possible measurement environments. Furthermore, a statistical study was carried out on the shape and size of nuclear tracks after chemical development. The dependence of the track size on Radon exposure was effective in showing the trace saturation effect as well.

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Khasbaatar, D., and Ung Su Choi. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Cation adsorption on Viscose Rayon Succinate." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 12 (September 24, 2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.189.

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Ion-exchange materials have been considered as suitable material for the recovery of heavy metals in water. A viscose rayon succinate, synthesized from viscose rayon and succinic anhydride in presence of DMSO, to remove trace bivalent metal ions such as Ag+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cr3+, was studied using FT-IR for the behavior of metal adsorption. Both esterification and carboxyl bonding of viscose rayon succinate were assigned essentially at 1729 and 1693cm-1, respectively. And the essential band of bonding between metal and the material was determined at 1625cm-1. The available adsorption capacity of this fiber was 6.2 mequiv/g. The adsorption of metal ions on the viscose rayon succinate follows the order of Cu2+>Cr3+>Ni2+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Ag+ with maximum adsorptions capacities 4.2, 1.42, 0.91, 0.83, 0.69 and 0.35 mmol/g, respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.189 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 136-141

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McLaughlin, J. P., and B. Fitzgerald. "Models for Determining the Response of Passive Alpha Particle Detectors to Radon and Its Progeny in Cylindrical Detecting Volumes." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082462.

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Abstract Many radon detectors exist in the form of a planar disc shaped alpha particle detector mounted in one end of a small cylindrical chamber. Models have been developed to determine the sensitivity of such detectors to radon exposure. A model, adapted from the Jacobi-Porstendorfer room models, is used to determine the partitioning of short-lived radon progeny between airborne and surface deposited states within the detecting volume. This is used in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the radon sensitivity. The use of these models with passive alpha track detectors is highlighted although they are of general applicability to passive detectors using other alpha detecting media. Using these models it is possible to design passive detectors with dimensions such that the alpha track densities may be optimised to a chosen radon exposure range. Validation of the modelling is presented in the form of comparisons between predicted and experimentally determined sensitivities of CR-39 alpha track detectors.

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Yarmoshenko, Ilia, Georgy Malinovsky, Aleksey Vasilyev, and Aleksandra Onishchenko. "Seasonal Variation of Radon Concentrations in Russian Residential High-Rise Buildings." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070930.

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Assessment of the annual radon concentration is often required in indoor radon surveys of territories and individual dwellings for comparison with reference levels, studying factors affecting radon accumulation in dwellings, assessment of exposure in epidemiological studies, etc. The indoor radon surveys were carried out in multistorey buildings in eight Russian cities using solid state nuclear track detectors with an exposure period of three months. For these surveys, the estimation of annual indoor radon concentration was required to compare radon levels in buildings of high- and low-energy-efficiency classes located in different cities. To develop approaches to seasonal normalization in high-rise buildings, long-term one-hour radon concentration series obtained applying radon-monitors in 20 flats were analyzed. The dependency of indoor radon concentration on the indoor–outdoor temperature difference was studied taking into account the known natural, technogenic and anthropogenic factors affecting radon levels. The developed model of seasonal variations in multistorey buildings includes winter, summer, and demi-season periods, which differ both in ventilation intensity and dependency of radon concentration on the temperature difference. The developed model allows to estimate annual radon concentration taking into account the actual distribution of outdoor temperatures during the exposure of the track detectors.

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Palacios, Daniel, Lászlo Sajó-Bohus, and Elisabeth M. Yoshimura. "SSNTD Techniques in Radon Surveys for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Occurrence of Natural Gas Seeps." Solid State Phenomena 238 (August 2015): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.238.55.

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Leakages of hydrocarbon reservoirs often increase the radon concentration on the soil surface through distinct pathways; gas migration results in either prolific macro-seeps or micro-seeps. Soil gases, including radon, are recognized as potential tracers in geoscience. The surficial radiometric anomalies over hydrocarbon reservoirs provide the oil community with a complementary survey tool for oil exploration through the use of nuclear track methodology. The Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) is one of the recognized techniques to be employed advantageously in radon surveys for hydrocarbon exploration and occurrence of natural gas seeps. The nuclear track method provides information on the nature of radioactive gas sources, emanations from the soil and their transport pathways. Latent track etching conditions and their analysis are included.

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Khan, Abdul Razzaq, Muhammad Rafique, Saeed Ur Rahman, Kimberlee J. Kearfott, and Matiullah. "A review of radon measurement studies with nuclear track detectors (NTDs) in Azad Kashmir." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 4 (January 8, 2016): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15626236.

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Inhalation of radon and its progeny are the most important component of public exposure to natural radiations. Many epidemiological studies have established the fact that radon and radon progeny are associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. Beside health concerns, radon is an important consideration in other fields, e.g. hydrological research, detection of geological fault lines, prediction of earthquake, uranium deposits and oil exploration. The importance of the subject compelled many scientists to develop methods for measurement and mitigation of radon. During last decade many studies for measurement of radon and thoron have been conducted in Azad Kashmir. In most studies, the techniques used involve the usage of solid state nuclear track detectors. Building materials, including granite, marbles, gravel aggregates, bricks, sand and soil have been characterized through radon exhalation rate studies. Several research articles have been published, reporting indoor radon measurements in dwellings and at workplaces. Though these studies have provided preliminary information about radon levels in the area, however, data obtained are still unable to convey clear information to readers. This review paper attempts to organize the radon data to provide a clearer understanding and roadmap for radon measurements in Azad Kashmir.

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Ulug, Asiye, Melek Karabulut, and Nilgün Celebi. "Radon measurements with CR-39 track detectors at specific locations in Turkey." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 1 (2004): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0401046u.

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Indoor radon concentration levels at three sites in Turkey were measured using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors. The annual mean of radon concentration was estimated on the basis of four quarter measurements at specific locations in Turkey. The measuring sites are on the active faults. The results of radon measurements are based on 280 measurements in doors. The annual arithmetic means of radon concentrations at three sites (Isparta Egirdir, and Yalvac) were found to be 164 Bqm?3, 124 Bqm?3, and 112 Bqm?3 respectively, ranging from 78 Bqm?3 to 279 Bqm?3. The in door radon concentrations were investigated with respect to the ventilation conditions and the age of buildings. The ventilation conditions were determined to be the main factor affecting the in door radon concentrations. The in door radon concentrations in the new buildings were higher than ones found in the old buildings.

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Papachristodoulou, C. A., K. G. Ioannides, T. J. Mertzimekis, D. T. Karamanis, and K. C. Stamoulis. "Assessment of arrangements for the detection of radon emanating from soil." HNPS Proceedings 6 (February 19, 2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2936.

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CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors were used to measure radon (222Rn) concentration in the soil near ground surface. The measurements were performed in the campus of the University of Ioannina, using PVC tubes at 0.25 m intervals down to depths of 1.25 m. The track detectors were etched in 7N NaOH solutions at 80°C. The tracks were counted using a microscope - camera - computer system, developed for automatic counting. The results provide evidence for the non-diffusive transport of radon in soils. A transport length of (46.9 ± 3.2) cm was estimated for radon transport near ground surface. Also the variation of soil's radon was correlated to meteorological variations.

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Ahmed, Israa Kamil. "Measurement of radon and uranium concentration in soil samples from Babylon cement plant using nuclear track detector CR-39." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 12, no. 24 (February 18, 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v12i24.323.

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In this study, concentrations of radon and uranium were measured for twenty six samples of soil. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by registrant alpha-emitting radon (222Rn) by using CR-39 track detector. The uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using registrar fission fragments tracks in CR-39 track detector that caused by the bombardment of U with thermal neutrons from 241 Am-Be neutron source that has flux of 5 ×103n cm-2 s-1.The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples The results show that the radon concentrations are between (91.931-30.645Bq/m3).The results show that also the uranium concentrations are in soil samples under 0.051-0.0079ppm.

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Sutej, T. "Sensitivity of a Combined Charcoal and Etched Track Technique for 222Rn." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082465.

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Abstract To describe the radon detection process of a new radon dosemeter, which is based on the simultaneous utilisation of activated charcoal and CR-39 etched track detector, a simple model was formulated. The dependence of the response of the dosemeter on exposure time, irradiation time of the detector foil, thickness of the charcoal layer, diffusion and the adsorption coefficients of radon in charcoal was calculated. The theoretical model was verified by experiments. It was found that for a short (one hour) exposure to a radon atmosphere the response can be as high as (900 tracks.cm-2.(kBq.m-3)-1.

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Alexandropoulou, M., D. Sarigiannidis, C. Papachristodoulou, K. Stamoulis, and K. G. Ioannides. "Validation of the ImageJ package for alpha track counting on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1873.

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In the present work, an alpha spectroscopic method using CR39 nuclear track detectors is being evaluated, elaborating on track parameters from different alpha particle sources. The freely-available, Java-based ImageJ software was used to obtain the major and minor axis length, the area and the mean gray level of the recorded tracks. A multi-paramater approach based on Principal Component Analysis of the data was subsequently applied and succeeded in grouping the recorded tracks according to alpha-particle energy. The methodology was further applied for the separation of radon progeny on CR39 detectors exposed in a radon chamber.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of Indoor Radon Gas Concentration in same Region of Baghdad Governorate Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 14, no. 4 (December 3, 2017): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.14.4.688-691.

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In this research the activity of radon gas in air in Baghad governorate,Iraq, using “alpha-emitters track registration (CR-39) track detector were measured. This measurement was done for selected areas from Baghdad Governorate, The results obtained shows that the highest average concentrations for Rn-222 is (179.077 Bq/m^3) which was recorded within Al-Shaaib city and less average concentrations was (15.79 Bq/m^3) in the nearby residential area of Baghdad International Airport and the overall average concentrations is (86.508 Bq/m^3) for these regions. Then the radon concentration was measured annual effective dose calculated from radon concentration and found in range from 0.4031 mSv/y to 4.5179 mSv /y with an average value of 2.1824 mSv/y. The annual effective dose of radon was within the allowed international limits.

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Abass, Khalid H., Ali Obies Muhsen Al Mayyali, and Inaam H. Kadhim. "Study on Radon Emanation from Selected Cement Samples by Using Nuclear Track Detector (Cr 39)." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 42 (December 2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.42.45.

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In this work, we have study the concentration of radon gas in seven cement samples from different regions in Iraq (Kofa, Sulaymaniya, Kubesa, Karbala, Al-Kaem, Basra, and Almas cement) by using alpha-emitters registrations that emitted from radon gas in CR-39 nuclear track detector. Sealed-cup technique that used in this study to determine the alpha emitters from radon gas. The results obtained shown that the highest average radon gas concentration in cement samples which was (55.16 Bq/m3) for Almas samples, while the lowest average radon gas concentration in cement samples which was (24.13 Bq/m3) for Karbala samples. The current results show that the radon gas concentration in all cement samples that studied is below the allowed limit from International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) agency.

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Kranrod, Chutima, Yuki Tamakuma, Masahiro Hosoda, and Shinji Tokonami. "Importance of Discriminative Measurement for Radon Isotopes and Its Utilization in the Environment and Lessons Learned from Using the RADUET Monitor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114141.

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Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn), sources of natural background radiation, have been the subjects of long-standing studies, including research into radon and thoron as major causes of lung cancer at domestic and international levels. In this regard, radon and thoron measurement studies have been widely conducted all over the world. Generally, the techniques used relate to passive nuclear track detectors. Some surveys have shown that passive monitors for radon are sensitive to thoron, and hence some measured results have probably overestimated radon concentrations. This study investigated radon and thoron measurements in domestic and international surveys using the passive radon–thoron discriminative monitor, commercially named RADUET. This paper attempts to provide an understanding of discriminative measurements of radon isotopes and to present an evidence-based roadmap.

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Шандала, Н., N. Shandala, А. Маренный, A. Marennyy, Д. Исаев, D. Isaev, А. Титов, et al. "Radiation Situation in Workplaces of the Personnel at the Ground Facilities of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 62, no. 5 (October 27, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59f2f75e1cb220.73941126.

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Purpose: To obtain data of radiation survey in workplaces of the personnel of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association (OJSC PPMCA), who work at the premises of the ground facilities. Material and methods: In the course of the radiation survey. Integral track methods were used to measure radon activity concentration by REI-1 track cameras of the TRACK-REI-1M kit. To assess the activity balance factor between radon and its radionuclide progenies, short term measurements of radon activity concentration (AC) and effective equilibrium concentration (EEC) of radon by handle radiometers of radon and its progenies. Gamma dose rate was measured by handle dosimeters. Results: Annual AC, EEC and effective dose due to radon and external gamma exposures in workplaces at the ground facilities of OJSC PPMCA have been obtained. Total number of the inspected workshops is 138, including 121 workshops occupied by the A group personnel, and 17 – by the B group personnel. Conclusions: It was shown that annual doses 20 mSv could be exceeded for the A group personnel who work at three workshops shaft 8K of the mine-2, one workshop of building 630A of the Hydro-metallurgical Plant and one workshop of shaft 5 B of G mine. In the workshops of the B group personnel, 5 mSv annual effective doses can be exceeded 2 and more times at the premises of canteen number 18 and administrative domestic building of mine-2.

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Dicu, T., B. D. Burghele, A. Cucoș, R. Mishra, and B. K. Sapra. "ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY SOURCES IN A CASE–CONTROL STUDY IN BIHOR COUNTY, ROMANIA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 185, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy211.

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Abstract The purpose of the article is to evaluate the annual effective dose for 80 women divided into two samples; one sample located in the former uranium Băiţa-Ştei area, hereinafter referred to as case sample, respectively for a control sample, located in the same county, but exposed in most cases to indoor radon activity concentrations <300 Bq m−3. In this regard, the homemade ‘RaThoGamma’ kit was used, which contained two thermoluminescent dosimeters, a CR-39 track detector (RSKS) for indoor radon activity concentration, two CR-39 track detectors (Radtrak2®/ Radtrak2T®) for radon and thoron activity concentrations as well as Direct Radon Progeny Sensors/Direct Thoron Progeny Sensors for measuring time-averaged radon and thoron progenies concentrations. In addition, a total of 80 water samples were collected in order to evaluate the ingestion dose due to radon and radium activity concentrations in drinking water. The maximum total annual effective dose in the control sample was 14.1 mSv, while in the case sample the maximum annual effective dose was 60.5 mSv. This difference is mainly due to radon progenies inhalation. Other pathways did not show a statistically significant difference between the two samples, showing a minor contribution to the annual effective dose.

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Mann, Nisha, Amit Kumar, Sushil Kumar, and Rishi Chauhan. "Radon-thoron measurements in air and soil from some districts of northern part of India." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 30, no. 4 (2015): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1504294m.

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Radon, thoron and their progenies in the indoor environment are considered as one of the health hazards. The alpha emitting nature of these gases made it possible to detect in indoor environment with the help of nuclear track detector techniques. The soil is the main source of indoor radon as it contains varying amounts of uranium and thorium. Thus the exhalation of radon from soil and its environmental activity needs to be studied. In the present study, the measurement of the indoor radon-thoron from the indoor environment and exhalation from soil are carried out using solid state nuclear track detector technique from Sirsa and Bhiwani districts of northern part of India. The canister technique was used to measure the radon ex- halation rate from the soil samples collected from the study area and pinhole based radon-thoron dosimeters were used to measure indoor radon and thoron concentration. The results show that indoor radon concentration varied from 9 to 28 Bq/m3, with an average of 18.9 Bq/m3 and from 5 to 21 Bq/m3, with an average of 13.8 Bq/m3, for Bhiwani and Sirsa, respectively. Similarly, thoron concentration varied from 14 to 48 Bq/m3, with average of 28.9 Bq/m3 and 27 to 54 Bq/m3, with the average of 39.0 Bq/m3, for Bhiwani and Sirsa, respectively. The mass exhalation rates from soil samples were also measured, to estimate their contribution to indoor radon. A correlation study was carried out between soil exhalation rates and indoor radon concentration.

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Abass, Khalid Haneen, Baidaa Y. Mohammed, Azhar N. Rehem, and Dalia J. Oleiwi. "Measurement of Soil-Gas Radon in Some Areasof Iraq Using Nuclear Track Detector CR-39." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 53 (July 2015): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.53.90.

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The health hazards of the radioactive gas radon on general public are well known. In order to understand the level and distribution of 222Rn concentrations in soil-gas in Babil province, we have measured the radon gas concentration in soil samples of different areas in Babylon (Al-werdeiaa, Al-seiahy, Al-Thewrae, Al-muhendisen, Al-keliss, Nadeer) by using alpha-emitters registrations which are emitted from radon gas in nuclear track detector (CR-39). The obtained results have shown that the highest average radon gas concentration in soil sample was found in Al-muhendisen and Al-werdeiaa samples, which was (32.75 Bq/m3), while the lowest average radon gas concentration in soil samples was found in Nadeer sample, which was (25.85 Bq/m3). The present results show that the radon gas concentration in all soil samples is below the allowed limit from (International Commission of Radiation Protection) (ICRP) agency.

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Csordás, Anita, Edit Tóth-Bodrogi, and Tibor Kovács. "Configuration of the parameters for scanner-based track detector evaluation system." Nukleonika 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0021.

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AbstractAccording to the new European Union Basic Safety Standards (EU-BSS), preparation of the National Radon Action Plan is obligatory for the Member States. One of the plan’s aims is to carry out an indoor radon survey to identify radon-prone areas. In the radon surveys, track detector methods are used. At the University of Pannonia (Veszprém, Hungary), a new scanner-based detector evaluation system has been developed. For the application of the new system, the selection of appropriate parameters is necessary. In this study, selection of the applied track detectors and setting of the etching conditions have been carried out. Two different types of allyl diglycol carbonate (ADC or CR-39) track detectors were investigated, taking into account the detector’s background and response during the exposure (determination of calibration factor). The Baryotrak’s background track density (0–1.5 tracks mm−2) was lower than that of the 0.8–4 tracks mm−2. The response of the Tastrak was higher, but the deviation of the calibration factor was much higher (1.2–5.3 × 10−3 tracks mm−2/(Bq day m−3)) than in the case of the Baryotrak (1.4–2.8 × 10−3 tracks mm−2/(Bq day m−3)). After the systematic review of the etching system, a new method was developed. For the determination of the optimal track diameter, the argon fluoride (ArF) laser was applied to create tracks with diameters in the range of 10–100 μm. The optimum track size was in the range of 40–60 μm. On this basis, new etching conditions were determined: 6.25 M NaOH solution, a temperature of 90°C, and time period of 8 hours.

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Kuzmenko, O. V., S. N. Filimonov, R. V. Gordeeva, L. N. Kireeva, and E. A. Martynova. "Effect of radon therapy on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract mucosa in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 3 (March 28, 2020): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-3-195-199.

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The influence of natural radon waters on the state of the respiratory tract mucosal cells in patients working in the coal and metallurgical industries with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was studied. The positive effect of common radon baths on the restoration of cytological changes in the respiratory mucosa was revealed.Indicators of local immunity of the respiratory tract mucosa in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the background of the use of general radon baths.The aim of the study is to explore the effect of natural radon water in the form of shared baths on epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the analysis of cytological changes in the respiratory mucosa. Patients of the main group with professional chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were given general radon baths from a natural source in sanatorium conditions. Patients in the control group had shared freshwater baths. All patients before and after treatment studies were conducted cytologic changes in the smears from the mucous membrane of the nose and phlegm. The use of common radon baths in the main group revealed a pronounced corrective effect on the function of cellular protection of the respiratory mucosa, which was expressed in a significant decrease in destructive processes in cells of all types with an increase in their functional activity, normalization of mucociliary clearance. There were no significant changes in indicators in the control group.The use of common radon baths at the stage of rehabilitation in workers of the coal and metallurgical industry with professional chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to the restoration of the integrity of the cellular composition of the epithelial cover of the respiratory tract mucosa, preserves the functional activity of cells of local protection factors.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of Radon-222 Concentration in Soil Samples of some Sulfuric Spring in Hit City Using CR-39 Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2011): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.4.972-975.

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In this study, concentrations of radon were measured for seventeen samples of soil distributed in three Sulphuric Spring, in addition to other regions as a background in Hit City in AL-Anbar Governorate. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by using alpha-emitters registration that emits from radon (222Rn) in (CR-39) track detector. The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results show that the radon concentrations in first spring varies from (258.253- 347.762 Bq/m3), second spring (230.374-305.209 Bq/m3), third spring (292.002-336.023 Bq/m3) and the average radon concentration in other regions (187.821 Bq/m3). As a conclusion of the study radon concentration in Sulphuric Spring is relatively higher than the background.

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Janik, Miroslaw, Md Mahamudul Hasan, Peter Bossew, and Norbert Kavasi. "Effects of Storage Time and Pre-Etching Treatment of CR-39 Detectors on Their Response to Alpha Radiation Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168346.

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Radon passive monitors based on solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD), especially CR-39, are widely used in radon and thoron studies. They may be subjected to the influence of external factors, like changing of temperature, humidity, and pressure, both before and during the measurement. Evaluation of the exposed detectors involves chemical processing, whose conditions also influence the measurement results. The aim of this study was to check several factors, as to whether they may modify the response of CR-39 detector: concerning the phase before evaluation, storage time, and temperature during storage; and concerning the evaluation procedure, etching time, and pre-etching treatment using hot water and carbon dioxide atmosphere. Two experiments were conducted by irradiation of CR-39 detectors using alpha particles emitted from a mono-energetic 241Am source and exposed in radon atmosphere. Track density dependence of the age of production was found to be statistically not significant. On the other hand, pre-etching treatment using hot water and carbon dioxide with different etching times showed statistically significant effects on track area, track sensitivity, and roundness. It was concluded that there are simple methods to increase performance of nuclear track detectors, and that storage time is not a factor of concern.

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Sciocchetti, G., G. Cotellessa, P. De Felice, P. G. Baldassini, M. Bovi, S. Tosti, and E. Soldano. "The ENEA Facilities for Assessing the Quality of Indoor Radon Measurements." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082476.

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Abstract A status report is given of the ENEA research activities on calibration and standardisation of radon measurement techniques. A description of radon standards and experimental facilities (the ENEA Radon Chamber and the 222Rn standard generator) developed at the Casaccia Research Centre is given. The experimental procedures to test the charcoal canister radon adsorption are described. The results of investigation of the response of passive plastic detectors (CR-39) at different exposure conditions at the ENEA radon chamber are discussed: dynamic range and accuracy of passive alpha track detectors in the range from 60 to about 7000 kBq.m-3.h radon exposure. Finally a brief description is given of the experimental facility that is under development to test instruments and methods that are used to measure the emanation/exhalation of radon gas from soils and building materials.

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Muminov, S. V., B. B. Barotov, M. M. Makhmudova, F. A. Khamidov, M. Z. Akhmedov, and U. M. Mirsaidov. "Radon survey in kindergartens and schools of Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-1-124-132.

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The paper presents results of the radon survey carried out in preschool and school institutions in Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan. Radon concentration was measured using solid state nuclear track detectors Radtrak2. Track detectors were exposed for 3 months during the heating and warm seasons of the year in the same premises. In total, the measurements were performed in 200 premises of 14 kindergartens and 36 schools. The radon equilibrium equivalent concentration during the heating and warm seasons and the annual average radon equilibrium equivalent concentration were calculated. Annual average radon equilibrium equivalent concentration in surveyed buildings ranged from 42 to 331 Bq/m3 with the mean value of 98 Bq/m3 on the first floor and 56 Bq/m3 on the second floor. It was shown that both seasonal values and annual average value of radon equilibrium equivalent concentration in the premises on the second floor are lower than in the premises on the first floor. The annual average effective dose to children from exposure to radon and its progeny in the premises of schools and kindergartens in Dushanbe ranged from 0,64 to 1,64 mSv. The limit value of annual average radon equilibrium equivalent concentration in dwellings and public buildings is set to 100 Bq/m3 for newly built buildings and 200 Bq/m3 for existing buildings in the Radiation safety norms (NRB-06) of the Republic of Tajikistan. This limit was exceeded only on the first floors in one kindergarten during the heating season, in three schools during the warm season and in eight schools during the heating season. When comparing the results of measurements of radon equilibrium equivalent concentration with data on the geological structure of underlying rocks at the locations of the surveyed buildings, no regularity was found. Additional detailed measurements in the buildings, including basements, will help to identify the source of radon entry into the indoor air and to develop recommendations for implementing radon remediation actions separately for each building. The survey results were also used to develop a radon map of Dushanbe.

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Kumar, Sachin. "ESTIMATION OF CONCENTRATION OF RADON, THORON AND THEIR DAUGHTER PRODUCTS IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSES OF SHAHJAHANPUR AND HARDOI." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 4 (May 10, 2015): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.3410.

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Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive element present in trace amount throughout the earth's crust. Radon is a progeny of uranium decay series formed from the radioactive decay of radium in the ground water, soil, environment, oil and gas deposits. The lung cancer risk depends on the above recommendation level concentration of radon, thoron and their decay product in the air.The measurement of indoor radon and thoron decay product concentration in houses of Shahjahanpur and Hardoi have been carried out using deposition based direct radon progeny sensors (DRPS) and direct thoron progeny sensors (DTPS) technique. The concentration of radon and thoron is observed to be higher in mud houses as compared to the cemented houses.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of radon gas concentration in water and soil samples in AL-Najaf governorate by using nuclear track detector (CR-39)." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (September 6, 2015): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.3.603-610.

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The radon gas concentration in environmental samples soil and water of selected regions in Al-Najaf governorate was measured by using alpha-emitters registrations which are emitted form radon gas in (CR-39) nuclear track detector. The first part is concerned with the determination of radon gas concentration in soil samples, results of measurements indicate that the highest average radon concentration in soil samples was found in (Al-Moalmen) region which was (100.0±7.0 Bq/m3), while the lowest average radon concentration was found in (Al-Askary) region which was (38.5±4.7 Bq/m3), with an average value of (64.23±14.9 Bq/m3) ,the results show that the radon gas concentrations in soil is below the allowed limit from (ICRP) agency which is (200 Bq/m3), while the radon exhalation rate (RER) ranged from (35.23-91.52 µBq/m2h), and average value which was (58.77±13.6 µBq/m2h). The second part is concerned with the determination of radon gas concentration in samples of tap water obtained from networks in dwellings in Al-Najaf governorate, the results indicate that the highest average radon concentration in water samples was found in (Meassan) region which was (0.59±0.08 Bq/L), while the lowest average radon concentration was found in (Al-Jamhorah) region which was (0.16±0.04 Bq/L), with an average value of (0.36±0.1 Bq/L), the present results show that the radon gas concentrations in tap water is below the allowed limit from (ICRP) agency which is (0.5994 Bq/L), while the radon exhalation rate (RER) ranged from (2.15-0.58 ?Sv/y), and average value which was (1.28±0.31 ?Sv/y).

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Wu, Qifan, Ziqiang Pan, Senlin Liu, and Chunhong Wang. "Outdoor radon concentration in China." Nukleonika 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2016-0062.

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Abstract A nationwide survey was conducted in 2014 to investigate environmental outdoor radon level in 33 provincial cities across China. The radon detector used was a passive-type solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39. Measurements were conducted under the same condition following the quality control programme. Outdoor radon concentrations in China ranged from 3 to 30.0 Bq·m−3. The annual arithmetic and geometric mean radon concentration were 14 and 13.2 Bq·m−3, respectively. The radon concentrations in the locations near or along coastline were lower than the average value, while those located in the inland area were higher. As a whole, the result showed no big difference from the data measured during the period 1983–1998. It demonstrated that the outdoor radon concentration level in China has not been changing remarkably for 20 years.

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Kumar, Amit, and Pal Chauhan. "Radon exhalation rates from common building materials in India: Effect of back diffusion." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 3 (2016): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1603277k.

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A radon exhalation study for building materials was carried out by closed accumulator technique using plastic track detector LR-115 type-II, taking into account the effect of back diffusin. The back diffusion of radon into the materials causes an underestimate of free exhalation rates. The results showed that radon exhalation rates of soil, sand, brick powder, and crasher were found to be high as compared to rice husk ash, wall putty, and plaster of Paris. The radon exhalation rates from building materials varied from 0.45 ? 0.07 mBq/kgh to 1.55 ? 0.2 mBq/kgh and 3.4 ? 0.7 mBq/m2h to 28.6 ? 3.8 mBq/m2h as measured without considering back diffusion. The radon exhalation rates of building materials oblivious of back diffusion varied from 4.3 ? 0.8 mBq/m2h to 44.1 ? 5.9 mBq/m2h. The radon exhalation rates from building materials can be used for estimation of radon wall flux and indoor radon concentration. Thus, it is necessary to make correction in the measured exhalation rates by back diffusion.

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Azadbar, Alireza, Dariush Sardari, Mohamadreza Kardan, and Samaneh Baradaran. "Retrospective radon measurements based on implanted 210Po in glass objects using polycarbonate detectors." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 33, no. 2 (2018): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1802167a.

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In the present investigation, a surface-deposited polonium was measured in 37 houses in Rasht and Ramsar cities of Iran with the aim of evaluating the retrospective radon concentration. The CR-LR technique is widely used in this regard, but for the first time, Lexan polycarbonate detectors were used to measure the activity of 210Po planted in glassy objects. These detectors were placed on glassy surfaces for 153 to 365 days. A passive cylindrical diffusion chamber was used for the contemporary radon concentration measurements. The diffusion chamber consists of the Lexan polycarbonate films as a solid state nuclear track detectors and filter. The surface-deposited 210Po activity concentration was found to vary from 0.26 to 11.96 mBqcm-2 with average of 2.62 mBqcm-2. The sensitivity of 210Po to polycarbonate was determined to be 0.06456 track per cm2 per mBqhcm-2. Thus, the radon concentration was found to vary from 122 to 4840 Bqm-3 with an average value 1243 Bqm-3 and the contemporary radon concentration in the area was found to vary from 15 to 2420 Bqm-3 with an average 513 Bqm-3. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between the concentration of the retrospective radon and the concentration of the contemporary radon gas in the indicated areas with a coefficient of 0.80672.

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Passali, Desiderio, Giacomo Gabelli, Giulio Cesare Passali, Ralph Mösges, and Luisa Maria Bellussi. "Radon-enriched hot spring water therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation." Otolaryngologia Polska 71, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2242.

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Background Radon-222-enriched hot spring therapy, which is characterized by a safe level of radioactivity, is used for the treatment of rheumatic disorders, and its efficacy has already been studied in several clinical trials. Radon-water inhalation therapy for the treatment of upper and lower airway inflammatory diseases is used in many hot springs centers. However, its application has not been reviewed to date. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for clinical trials published in the last 20 years in which objective parameters of upper and lower airway function had been tested before and after radon-enriched inhalation treatment. Results Four prospective studies were found: 1 asthma trial, 1 placebo-controlled chronic rhinosinusitis trial, 1 upper respiratory tract inflammation with nasal obstruction trial, and 1 case-control allergic rhinitis trial. Patients were treated with nasal inhalations of radon-enriched water for 12 to 28 days and were assessed at baseline and after therapy. After 2 weeks of treatment, nasal resistance decreased, flow increased, mucociliary clearance was enhanced, ciliated-to-muciparous cell ratio increased, and %FEV1 increased in asthmatic patients. Conclusion Radon-enriched inhalation therapy improves objective indicators of nasal function in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, and causes relief of pulmonary obstruction in asthma.

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Wang, Chengshu. "Dip moveout in the Radon domain." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 1 (January 1999): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444524.

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I consider a new dip‐moveout (DMO) processing technique in the Radon domain called Radon DMO. The Radon DMO operator directly maps data from the NMO-corrected time domain to the DMO wavefield in the Radon domain. The method is built upon a process that transforms a single NMO-corrected trace into multiple traces spread along hyperbolas in the Radon domain. These hyperbolas are a linear Radon map of the DMO ellipses in the time domain. In this paper, I introduce the amplitude‐preserving Radon DMO and compare some examples of Radon DMO and Fourier DMO for both synthetic and real data. I also show the better frequency preservation properties of the Radon DMO method. Three‐dimensional data are often irregularly sampled with respect to fold, azimuth, and offset. Population deficiencies are exaggerated in the common‐offset domain. Radon DMO does not require that input traces belong to one common‐offset bin as does the Fourier method. Input traces can be organized from multiple offset bins grouping to perform Radon DMO, which is well used in 3-D surveys. Some synthetic and real data examples show these properties.

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Tommasino, L. "Radon monitoring by alpha track detection." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 17, no. 1 (January 1990): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90147-p.

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Ramola, R. C., M. Singh, A. S. Sandhu, S. Singh, and H. S. Virk. "Radon diffusion through mica track filters." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 17, no. 1 (January 1990): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90173-u.

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Patiris, D. L., K. G. Ioannides, and C. A. Papachristodoulou. "Occupational and residential radon exposure: a study in North-Western Greece." HNPS Proceedings 16 (January 1, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2574.

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Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed in 44 workplaces and 87 dwellings in the region of Epirus, north-western Greece, using electret and alpha-track detectors. Radon concentrations followed a log-normal distribution with an arithmetic mean of 92 Bq/m3 in workplaces and 86 Bq/m3 in dwellings. A mean annual effective dose of 0.64 and 1.63 mSv/y was estimated for occupational and residential exposure, respectively. The reported data contribute to the assessment of radon distribution and dose estimate at the national level.

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Patiris, D. L., K. G. Ioannides, and C. A. Papachristodoulou. "Occupational and residential radon exposure: a study in North-Western Greece." HNPS Proceedings 16 (January 1, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2598.

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Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed in 44 workplaces and 87 dwellings in the region of Epirus, north-western Greece, using electret and alpha-track detectors. Radon concentrations followed a log-normal distribution with an arithmetic mean of 92 Bq/m3 in workplaces and 86 Bq/m3 in dwellings. A mean annual effective dose of 0.64 and 1.63 mSv/y was estimated for occupational and residential exposure, respectively. The reported data contribute to the assessment of radon distribution and dose estimate at the national level.

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Mohammed, Osama, Ahmed R. Mathloom, and Alaa A. Shanef. "Experimental Investigation to Determine the Concentration of Radon in Cosmetics Using a Nuclear Track Detector (CR-39)." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200308.

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The nuclear track detector CR-39 is used in the detection of radon gas concentration in selected samples of cosmetics in the local market. Products of wide use are selected and employed in the current study. Six types of cosmetic products of different origins are tested by taking equivalent quantities of these products and putting them in plastic boxes. The detector is left with the samples for a period of 50 days. In addition to measuring the rate of surface evaporation of radon gas, measurements of the annual equivalent dose of radon gas are also carried out. The results show that the highest concentration of radon gas is in Charcoal Facial SCRuB (American origin) and it is equal to 0.0795 Bq/m3, whereas the lowest one in "bb" cream basis (5 in 1) is equal to 0.0355 Bq/m3. Based on specific international organizations and agencies, the concentration of radon in the samples under consideration is within the acceptable limits.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Radon concentration measurement in soil for some northen Iraqi's regions by using CR-39 detector." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2009): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.514-518.

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Concentrations of radon were measured in this study for twenty-four samples of soil distributed in six locations on the north part of Iraq. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by using alpha-emitters registration that emits from Radon (222Rn) in (CR-39) track detector. The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the radon gas concentrations in Darbandikhan City varies from (16.60-34.04 Bq/m3), Halabja City (16.51-23.32 Bq/m3), Al Sulaimaniya City (17.61-32.25 Bq/m3), Koisnjaq City (22.04-35.65 Bq/m3), Shaqlaua City (21.10-29.10 Bq/m3) and Erbil City (22.30-34.63 Bq/m3). The average radon gas concentration in Al Sulaimaniya and Erbil governorate are (22.30 Bq/m3) and (26.17 Bq/m3) respectively. As a conclusion from the study Radon concentration in governorate of Erbil is relatively higher than that in governorate of Al Sulaimaniya.

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Stojanovska, Zdenka, Blažo Boev, and Ivan Boev. "RESULTS OF INDOOR RADON MEASUREMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: – A REVIEW –." Contributions, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences 38, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20903/csnmbs.masa.2017.38.2.109.

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Radon and its short lived decay products accumulated in indoor environment are the main source of public exposure to natural radiations. The health effects as well as a great number of natural and artificial factors affecting the radon accumulation in indoor environments are some of the motives for the scientific interest in radon issue. Following this global trend, many studies of indoor radon in the Balkan region, including the Republic of Macedonia have been conducted in the last decade. This paper is an overview of the published papers regarding indoor radon concentration measurements with nuclear track detectors in the Republic of Macedonia. It gives basic information about the spatial and temporal variability of indoor radon over the territory of the country, following by a description of the some factors which affect its variations. This review attempts: to organize available indoor radon results in order to show clear picture of the so far conducted surveys; to highlight the need for continuation of more extensive radon investigation in workplaces; to motivate the building professionals to create as much as possible mitigation methods for indoor radon reduction, to motivate the health professionals for epidemiological studies etc.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement Radon Concentration in Imported and Local Wood Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 2 (June 2, 2013): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.2.296-300.

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Abstract: The aim of the present work is to measure radon concentration in wood. Solid state nuclear track detectors of type CR – 39 was used as measurement device. Eight different samples of imported and local wood were collected from markets. Samples were grinded, dried in order to measure radon concentrations in it. Cylindrical diffusion tube was used as detection technique. Results show that the higher concentration was in Iraqi sample 1 which recorded (14.02 ± 0.9) Bq / m3, while the less was in Emirates Sample which recorded (5.35 ± 1.2) Bq / m3. From the present work, all wood samples were with lowest concentrations of radon gas than other building materials.

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Al-Hamidawi, Ali A. "Measurement of radon concentrations for some houses in Al-Najaf city /Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 11, no. 22 (February 20, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v11i22.352.

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Measurement of radon concentration level was carried out in 40 houses in Al – Najaf city during summer season of 2012. Long term measurement of indoor of old building radon concentrations have been taken, using a previously calibrated passive diffusion dosimeters containing CR – 39 solid state nuclear track detectors which are very sensitive for alpha particles. The measurement of the indoor radon concentration obtained in summer in these regions ranged from 11.654±4.216 Bq.m-3 to 53.610±8.777 Bq.m-3. The results were within universally permitted levels.

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Vaupotic, Janja. "Indoor radon in Slovenia." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 18, no. 2 (2003): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0302036v.

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The Slovenian Radon Programme started in 1990. Since then, radon and radon short-lived decay products have been surveyed in 730 kindergartens, 890 schools, 1000 randomly selected homes, 5 major spas, 26 major hospitals, 10 major municipal water supply plants, and 8 major wineries. Alpha scintillation cells, etched track detectors, electret-based detectors and various continuously measuring devices have been used. On the basis of estimated effective doses, decisions were made on appropriate mitigation. In total, 35 buildings have been appropriately modified. The programme is displayed and results reviewed chronologically and discussed.

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Ismail, Asaad Hamid, and Mohamad S. Jaafar. "Impact Deposition of Radon Progeny (²¹⁸Po ,²¹⁴Po and ²¹⁰Po) on the Surface of Human Blood: In Vitro Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2004.

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This work presented new irradiation technique to estimate the impact of radon's progeny deposition on the human blood surface on some blood diseases, using CR-39Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs). The results show that the present design has good efficiency and the loss rate of radon concentration was a little. Amount of the loss of radon concentration during the process of mixing blood component did not affect on the efficiency of exposure technique. Therefore, method of mixing blood component process was successful. As well as, human blood exposure to radon gas (2210±5.1Bq/m3) make thrombocytopenia, and no effect on red blood cell. And rate of radon absorbed dose into the human blood samples is high at 20 minutes.

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Badran, Heba M. "Indoor Radon Levels and Annual Effective Dose in Dwellings of Najran City, Saudi Arabia." Key Engineering Materials 786 (October 2018): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.786.393.

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The main objective of this study is to assess the health hazard due to the indoor radon. CR-39 as time-integrated passive solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were used in the indoor radon measurements of Najran City, Saudi Arabia. CR-39 detectors were distributed in dwellings of different places of the city. The detectors were exposed in the dwellings for two months and then etched in NaOH 6.25 N solution at 70 ±1°C for 5 h. This study revealed that the radon concentration in the dwellings ranged from 15.03±1.9 to 70.48±3.3 Bq m-3 with an average of 34.00±14.0 Bq m-3. Comparison of indoor radon concentration measurements in the different floors showed that the radon concentration in ground floors was slightly higher than that in first floors. Results showed that there is no significant health risk from indoor radon concentration and annual effective dose in the study region.

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Asker, Mohammed M., Esam S. Ali, and Sarwa A. Mohammed. "Determination Radon Concentration (Radon Gas) in Urine of Patients with Cancer." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.4.nq21041.

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The present study aims at studying the measurement radon concentration (Radon gas) in the urine of patients with cancer, that made up of (23) different samples of patients’ urine. These samples have collected from Kirkuk Oncology & Hematology Center. Chemical etching process for CR-39 track detector has used to record the traces of Alpha particles “alpha rays” or “alpha radiation” that comes from Radon included in the models. The Plastic Tubing – Tubes that contain some models in reagent irradiation process, which shaped as U letter, have been used. The results illustrated that the highest concentration of Radon is (8.9) Bq.m-1 in R14 model, as well as the lowest concentration of Radon is (1.5) Bq.m-1 in R4 model. The Radon levels that have been measured are within the natural limits of radioactive decay caused by radioactive nuclide or “radioactive isotope” in urine of patients with cancer; these are not a risk in humanity.

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Füri, Péter, Árpád Farkas, Balázs G. Madas, Werner Hofmann, Renate Winkler-Heil, Gábor Kudela, and Imre Balásházy. "The degree of inhomogeneity of the absorbed cell nucleus doses in the bronchial region of the human respiratory tract." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 59, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-019-00814-0.

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Abstract Inhalation of short-lived radon progeny is an important cause of lung cancer. To characterize the absorbed doses in the bronchial region of the airways due to inhaled radon progeny, mostly regional lung deposition models, like the Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, are used. However, in this model the site specificity of radiation burden in the airways due to deposition and fast airway clearance of radon progeny is not described. Therefore, in the present study, the Radact version of the stochastic lung model was used to quantify the cellular radiation dose distribution at airway generation level and to simulate the kinetics of the deposited radon progeny resulting from the moving mucus layer. All simulations were performed assuming an isotope ratio typical for an average dwelling, and breathing mode characteristic of a healthy adult sitting man. The study demonstrates that the cell nuclei receiving high doses are non-uniformly distributed within the bronchial airway generations. The results revealed that the maximum of the radiation burden is at the first few bronchial airway generations of the respiratory tract, where most of the lung carcinomas of former uranium miners were found. Based on the results of the present simulations, it can be stated that regional lung models may not be fully adequate to describe the radiation burden due to radon progeny. A more realistic and precise calculation of the absorbed doses from the decay of radon progeny to the lung requires deposition and clearance to be simulated by realistic models of airway generations.

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Torres-Durán, María, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Isaura Parente-Lamelas, Virginia Leiro-Fernández, José Abal-Arca, Carmen Montero-Martínez, Carolina Pena-Álvarez, et al. "Lung cancer in never-smokers: a case–control study in a radon-prone area (Galicia, Spain)." European Respiratory Journal 44, no. 4 (July 17, 2014): 994–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00017114.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of residential radon exposure on the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and to ascertain if environmental tobacco smoke modifies the effect of residential radon.We designed a multicentre hospital-based case–control study in a radon-prone area (Galicia, Spain). All participants were never-smokers. Cases had an anatomopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer and controls were recruited from individuals undergoing minor, non-oncological surgery. Residential radon was measured using alpha track detectors.We included 521 individuals, 192 cases and 329 controls, 21% were males. We observed an odds ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 1.45–4.06) for individuals exposed to ≥200 Bq·m−3 compared with those exposed to <100 Bq·m−3. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home increased lung cancer risk in individuals with radon exposure >200 Bq·m−3. Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and to radon concentrations >200 Bq·m−3 had higher lung cancer risk than those exposed to lower radon concentrations and exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.Residential radon increases lung cancer risk in never-smokers. An association between residential radon exposure and environmental tobacco smoke on the risk of lung cancer might exist.

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Sohrabi, M., and F. Ebrahiminezhad. "EFFECTS OF ACTIVATED-CARBON-FABRIC PARAMETERS ON RESPONSE OF A NEW POLYCARBONATE-BASED INDIVIDUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RADON MONITOR." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2019): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz098.

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Abstract A new multi-purpose polycarbonate track detector (PCTD)/activated-carbon-fabric (ACF) radon monitor has been recently developed in our laboratory, a basic design of which was used for parametric studies. One 500 μm thick PCTD (3 cm x 3 cm) is used bare for detecting alphas from radon and progeny directly from air and another PCTD (3 cm x 3 cm) covered by an ACF layer (PCTD/ACF) to enhance the PCTD response by radon adsorption on its carbon active sites. The PCTDs were processed by 50 Hz−2 kV electrochemical etching method. The ACF/PCTD sensitivity was enhanced in respect to the PCTD/bare with an amplification factor (AF) defined as ratio of track density on PCTD under ACF to that of PCTD bare. Many ACF-related parameters studied affect the PCTD/ACF response among them thermal annealing of ACF, ACF thickness and distance of ACF layer to the PCTD are reported and discussed in this paper.

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Udovicic, Vladimir, Nikola Veselinovic, Dimitrije Maletic, Radomir Banjanac, Aleksandar Dragic, Dejan Jokovic, Mihailo Savic, David Knezevic, and Maja Eremic Savkovic. "Radon variability due to floor level in two typical residential buildings in Serbia." Nukleonika 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0019.

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AbstractIt is well known that one of the factors that influence the indoor radon variability is the floor level of the buildings. Considering the fact that the main source of indoor radon is radon in soil gas, it is expected that the radon concentration decreases at higher floors. Thus at higher floors the dominant source of radon is originating from building materials, and in some cases there may be deviations from the generally established regularity. In such sense, we chose one freestanding single-family house with loft and other 16-floor high-rise residential building for this study. The indoor radon measurements were performed by two methods: passive and active. We used passive devices based on track-etched detectors: Radtrak2 Radonova. For the short-term indoor radon measurements, we used two active devices: SN1029 and SN1030 (manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation). The first device was fixed in the living room at the ground level and the second was moved through the floors of the residential building. Every measuring cycle at the specified floor lasted seven days with the sampling time of 2 h. The results show two different indoor radon behaviours regarding radon variability due to floor level. In the single-family house with loft we registered intense difference between radon concentration in the ground level and loft, while in the high-rise residential building the radon level was almost the same at all floors, and hence we may conclude that radon originated mainly from building materials.

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Vasilyev, A. V., G. P. Malinovsky, A. D. Onishchenko, and I. V. Yarmoshenko. "RESULTS OF RADON INSPECTION OF SETTLEMENTS COMPROMISED DUE TO DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE INTO THE TECHA RIVER." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-5-418-421.

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During past decades, specialists perform an epidemiological observation of the population exposed to the impact of radioactive discharges into the Techa River. The Techa River cohort studies have identified excess cases of leukemia and solid cancers associated with radiation exposure. At the same time natural sources of radiation, such as radon and its decay products, known to be significant human radiation exposure factor, are not sufficiently studied on this territory. The purpose of the study is to assess the mean value and the distribution indices of radon concentration in 14 settlements affected by radioactive contamination. Radon inspection in settlements located on the Techa River (Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions) was executed. The measurements were performed in 511 dwellings. For radon inspection there were applied detectors based on LR-115 Kodak Track. The analysis shows the sample both to be representative and allow to estimate radon exposure for inhabitants. The average radon concentration in dwellings is 150 Bq/m3, which results in an annual effective dose of 11 mSv. The estimated number of dwellings with radon concentrations above ECC radon action level 200 Bq/m3 is 19. The factors affecting indoor radon accumulation were established. The radiation dose due to the inhalation of radon, accumulated over a long period of time, seems to be generally comparable to doses associated with the radioactive discharges into the Techa River during the 1949-1956.

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Kaddoori, Farah Faris, Basim Khalaf Rejah, and Wijdan Thamer Fzaa. "Measuring the Pollution Level with Uranium and Radon in the Soil of Some Areas Inside Baghdad University Campus-AL-Jadiriyah." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 7 (August 11, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.7.nq21086.

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Abstract:

In present study, the technique was used, including nuclear track detector type (CR-39), for appreciative concentrations uranium and radon in soil samples from Baghdad University Campus-AL-Jadiriyah utilizing a prolonged -term with a solid-state nuclear path sensor, a technique for charged particles has been developed., the radon concentrations, effective dose rate and uranium concentrations have measured in soil samples. Eight various venues from soil Baghdad University Campus have appointed. The results indicated variant values about uranium and radon concentrations, the average value for radon gas, effective dose rate and uranium concentrations was found to be 281.59 Bq/cm3, 7.09 mSv/y and 0.01 Bq/mm-2 respectively. All results appeared that concentrations for radon and uranium in soil are infra the permitted limit from (ICRP) agency which are 1100 Bq/m3 and 11.7 (mg. Kg- 1) ppm respectively. All results were comparison with the domestic and worldwide results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tracé de rayon'

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