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1
Grace, N. D., P. R. Wilson, and A. M. Nicol. "The copper nutrition of grazing deer." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 9 (January 1, 2003): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.9.2002.3410.
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The first deer farms were established in New Zealand about 30 years ago and much of the early deer research was focussed on general nutrition, infectious diseases, management and husbandry practices, while little attention was given to trace elements. Limited trace element studies have identified copper (Cu) as the most important trace element for deer in terms of observed clinical signs of deficiency, namely enzootic ataxia and osteochrondrosis, and their possible impact on animal performance (Wilson et al. 1979; Thompson et al. 1994). To ensure that the Cu status of deer is adequate, and to determine if a Cu supplementation strategy is necessary, it is important to understand the distribution, function and metabolism of Cu, as well as dietary Cu requirements and criteria to diagnosis Cu deficiency. Keywords: Cervus elaphus, copper, deficiency, dietary requirements, fertiliser, forage, red deer, supplementation strategies
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Biel, Wioletta, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska, and Alicja Kowalczyk. "Offal Chemical Composition from Veal, Beef, and Lamb Maintained in Organic Production Systems." Animals 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080489.
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The aim of the study is to compare the content of nutrients, including selected macro- and micro-elements, in musculus semitendinosus and offal (liver, heart, kidneys, tongue, brain) derived from animals (calves, beef cattle, and lambs) that are fed and maintained in organic production conditions. The experimental material consisted of 60 animals: 20 calves, 20 beef cattle, and 20 lambs. This research was carried out using Limousin cattle and Ile de France sheep. From the obtained results, it is concluded that the physicochemical and nutrient composition varied significantly among the organs and species studied. Almost all byproducts are a rich source of trace elements, whose levels/amounts are usually much higher in byproducts such as offal than in muscular tissues. Also, for economic reasons (profitability), byproducts (offal) can be commercially sold for human and animal nutrition. Byproducts are processed and incorporated into many food products and provide competitive nutritional value for use by tissues and muscles (vitamins and elements).
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Masters, D. G., G. J. Judson, C. L. White, J. Lee, and N. D. Grace. "Current issues in trace element nutrition of grazing livestock in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99035.
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Improving trace element nutrition of grazing animals, in a way that is cost effective and that meets consumer perceptions and preferences, is a continuing challenge. This review focuses on research over the past 10 years, addressing issues and perspectives on the roles, risks of inadequacy, and supplementary remedies of key trace elements, both essential and deleterious, which have an impact on the productivity and product quality of grazing livestock throughout Australia and New Zealand. The emphasis is on copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), selenium (Se), and, to a lesser extent, zinc (Zn) — the trace elements most frequently found to be deficient in parts of Australia and New Zealand. Research continues to elucidate new roles for trace elements in the animal, and as this leads to a better understanding of requirements, diagnostic criteria and supplementation strategies need re-evaluation. Newer perspectives on marginal deficiency for Cu, I, Se, and Zn are given and issues for risk management discussed. Advances in sustained delivery of trace elements such as Co (as vitamin B12), I, and Se are reported. The diagnosis and management of marginal Cu deficiency continue to be difficult, especially in New Zealand where recent work has shown that dietary antagonists [iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and sulfur (S)] may impair Cu absorption at lower intakes than previously thought. There is still a dearth of scientific data on the advantages of using so-called organic trace element supplements (metals complexed or chelated with amino acids or peptides). Nevertheless their usage continues to increase. There is increasing evidence that trace elements influence the pathophysiology arising from the ingestion of toxins. This review summarises recent work on the role of Co in annual ryegrass toxicity; Cu, Se, and Zn in lupinosis; Cu and alkaloid toxicity; Zn and facial eczema; and Co and white liver disease. Trace elements are required to support immune function (e.g. as imposed parasite infection) and marginal deficiencies may be exacerbated by an immunological challenge. The roles of Cu, Co, Mo, Se, and, to a lesser extent, chromium and Zn have attracted attention and under conditions of stress there may be an additional need for these elements. Diversification in farming has led to the introduction of species such as deer (Cervus), alpacas (Camilids), emus, and ostriches (Ratites) and the paucity of information on trace element requirements for these species, and also for horses, indicates the need for further work. The effect of supplementation on trace element composition of meat, milk, and wool is also reviewed, both in terms of product characteristics and human health. Of the deleterious elements, cadmium has attracted the most interest and concern because of its introduction into the pastoral system from phosphate-based fertilisers.
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Darmohray, L. M., I. S. Luchyn, B. V. Gutyj, P. I. Golovach, M. M. Zhelavskyi, G. A. Paskevych, and V. I. Vishchur. "Trace elements transformation in young rabbit muscles." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_798.
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According to scientific publications, transformation of nutrients in the rabbit feed should be studied with regard to rabbit nutritional specifics that is caused by differences of alimentary canal of the species, involving microorganism role in the digestive process. In the experiment, The research considered the transformation of essential micronutrients of feed (Zn, Cu, and Mn) and their concentration in muscle carcasses of rabbits of differentl age and origine, in industrial rabbit production in Prykarpatyia. Feeding norms and nutrient requirements for experimental animals were performed according to rabbit nutrition requirements approved by the VIII International Rabbit Congress (EGRAN tables, 2004). It has been found out that supplying rabbits of different genotypes with the same nutrition affect the retention of studied micronutrients in certain muscles carcasses differently. The experiment demonstrated that the longest back muscle of a 3-month old new hybrid rabbit (NTC) contented the highest amount of zinc and accounted 6.78 � 0.118 mg kg-1 which was by 1.43 mg kg-1 (p =0.001) more than in the rabbits of the local chinchilla (second group). It is proved that the greatest amount of cuprum was concentrated in the hip carcasses of rabbits of the first group (NTC). This rabbit genotype (first group) dominated over the local breed (the second group) regarding this indicator, when the animals were 2 and 3 months old, by 0.15 and 0.49 mg kg-1 respectively (p=0.01). The content of manganese in the muscles of the hips was also higher in the newly-selected three-breed during all the farming period. Thus, at the age of 2 months, rabbits of the first group outweighed their peers in the second group by 6.52 mg kg-1 (p=0.05), at the age of 3 months - by 1.57 mg kg-1 (p=0.01) and at the age of 4 months - by 0.89 mg kg-1 (p0.01). The three-breed rabbit genotype of of the first group was dominated by pure-breed analogues of the second group in terms of weight gain and feed conversion by 7.5 and 3.4% respectively. Due to better transformation of these trace elements, in the body of intensively growing rabbits, the environment is less polluted. The highest concentration of these trace elements was found in the rabbit muscles of both groups in the 3rd month of life. The highest content of the micronutrients studied was observed in the longest and suprascapular muscle of rabbits. The prospects of further research on the study of the transformation of other heavy minerals in industrial cultivation of rabbits has been overviewed.
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Antunović, Zvonko, Boro Mioč, Zdenko Lončarić, Željka Klir Šalavardić, Ivan Širić, Valentino Držaić, and Josip Novoselec. "Changes of macromineral and trace element concentration in the blood of ewes during lactation period." Czech Journal of Animal Science 66, No. 4 (March 26, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250/2020-cjas.
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The aim of the present research was to determine the changes in macromineral and trace element concentrations in ewes’ blood during the lactation period. Thirty-six Travnik pramenka ewes at the average age of 3–5 years were included in research and they were evaluated at three stages of lactation: early stage (40 ± 5 days of lactation), medium stage (80 ± 5 days of lactation) and late stage (120 ± 5 days of lactation). In ewes’ blood concentrations of macroelements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Se, Cd, As) were determined. The average concentrations of macroelements and trace elements in the blood of ewes during lactation were mostly within the reference values. Se concentrations in blood were close to the deficient ones, while concentrations of Cd and As were negligible. Concentration of Ca in blood was the lowest in the early lactation stage, higher in the late stage, and the highest in the medium stage (88.25 mg/l, 96.43 mg/l and 103.43 mg/l, respectively). A significant increase in the concentrations of Mg, Co and Cd and a significant decrease in the concentrations of Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and Se were found in blood with lactation progress. Significant correlations between the studied parameters were found, especially between macroelements (Ca : K, P : Na, K : Na, K : Mg). Positive correlations were found between some macroelements and trace elements (Ca : Co, Ca : Cd, K : Co, Na : Zn, Na : Se) and between trace elements (Fe : Cu, Cu : Zn, Cu : Mo, Cu : Se, Zn : Se, Mo : Se and Co : As). Negative correlations were found between Ca and Cu, Ca and Mo, P and Cd, K and Cu. Obtained results may help in monitoring the nutritional status and health of ewes during the lactation period, providing a clearer idea related to the supply of macrominerals and trace elements to ewes. Besides, results indicated that the environment of the farming area was not polluted with toxic elements.
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Sizova, E. A., and A. M. Makaeva. "The influence of highly dispersed preparations on metabolism and productivity of young cattle." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2012-03.
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Preparations of highly dispersed particles of trace elements are increasingly used in animal husbandry. This is determined by their extraordinary biological properties such as the ability to penetrate into tissues and organs, a high surface area, and so on. One of the promising directions for using highly dispersed particles both in the post-embryonic and embryonic periods of animal development is the use of trace elements as sources. This is determined by the relatively lower toxicity, higher bioavailability of elements from preparations of highly dispersed particles, which reduces the load on the environment and allows you to produce products enriched with minerals. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of highly dispersed drugs on rumen digestion, the composition of the rumen microbiome, metabolism and productivity of young cattle. A comprehensive assessment of the use of highly dispersed SiO2 and FeCo preparations in cattle nutrition has been provided in the paper. The digestibility of feed, metabolism, and productivity of young cattle when feeding highly dispersed particles have been studied. An unusual fact of increasing bacterial biomass when using highly dispersed particles of silicon dioxide in animal feeding has been described. A method for increasing the digestibility of feed components by ruminants through the use of highly dispersed FeCo alloy particles has been proposed. As follows from the data obtained the use of highly dispersed particles allowed to increase the live weight of experimental young animals to 413 kg in the 1st experimental group and 416 kg in the 2nd experimental group, which was by 11 (P ≤ 0,01) and 14 kg (P ≤ 0,01) higher than the control indicator. As follows from the analysis of the data obtained, the profitability of rearing young animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was by 2,4 and 2,2 % higher than the same indicator calculated for the control group.
7
Hogan, JP. "Options for manipulating nutrition if feed supply is immutable." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960289.
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The Australian pastoral industries depend almost entirely on the nutrients derived from the available pasture and browse. This is particularly true for the northern cattle industry, where the production of pasture, and hence animal productivity, depend on the length of time that sufficient soil moisture is available during and after the wet season to sustain pasture growth. Animal nutrition is further affected by the relatively low digestibility of tropical grasses even at early stages of maturity. Hence animal production is marked by relatively low annual weight gain and poor reproductive performance. Research to date has demonstrated that lack of nitrogen both as ammonia for rumen microbes and as amino acids for the animal's tissues is the major nutritional deficit, which causes a depression in feed intake and hence exacerbates an already existing energy deficit. In many areas, too, deficiencies of P, Na, S and trace elements have been identified. Broadly speaking, the technology has been developed to overcome these nutritional deficiencies and to investigate remaining problems of undernutrition and low productivity. It is probable that new tropical legumes suited for areas with less than 750 mm annual rainfall will also be developed. However, despite these efforts, animal production will tend to be low, because for much of the year the high fibre low protein forage is eaten in only restricted amounts, and because only 40% or so of the energy in the forage becomes available to the animal. There is, therefore, need to develop rumen microbes capable of more rapid and more extensive breakdown of plant fibre and to achieve new methods to improve the conversion of amino acids into animal protein.
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Dzagurov, B. A., V. I. Eremenko, A. G. Karlov, M. A. Payukhina, and V. N. Suvorova. "The effect of bentonite feeding for young cattle on the exchange of nitrogen, mineral elements and the digestibility of diet nutrients." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 08028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125408028.
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The completeness of animal nutrition rations in terms of the content of minerals is considered one of the conditions for balanced feeding, since their lack in the diet often leads to metabolic process disorder among animals, which reduces growth and development, productivity, disturbs reproductive ability, and develops endemic diseases. Currently, for the partial compensation of trace mineral deficiency in the diets of use mineral substances of natural origin. One of such sources is bentonite clay of the Zamankul deposit. Taking into account the significant increase of the economically useful traits among young cattle identified in our studies when feeding with bentonite, substantiated by physiological studies, we performed research to study the exchange of nitrogen, mineral elements and the digestibility of nutrients in the body of 9 - 18-month-old cattle of the Simmental breed for fattening at the farm “Kaloev”, stanitsa Zmeyskaya, North Ossetia-Alania. Studies have established the digestibility of nutrient increase in the feed ration from 1.8 to 3.5%, a significantly greater retention of nitrogenous substances in the body of animals fed with bentonite - by 8.2%, a significant improvement of mineral element use in the feed.
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Sobolev, O. I., B. V. Gutyj, and S. V. Soboleva. "Selenium in natural environment and food chains. A Review." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_182.
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The analytical review attempts to summarize the results of numerous scientific research conducted by scientists around the world on selenium scattering and accumulation in natural environment, with considerable attention paid to the concentration of this trace element in soils, natural waters and plants. It is shown that selenium content in agricultural products is caused by the processes of physico-chemical and biogenic migration of this element in the biogeochemical food chain. According to the modern classification of trace elements, which is based on their biological significance for living organisms, selenium belongs to the vital group or biogenic elements. As a biotic element, it has unique physicochemical and biochemical properties and with adequately absorbed into the human body has a positive effect on a number of physiological processes. Various research shows that the majority of the world population (except in some regions) today consumes less selenium with the food than necessary and its consumption decreases every year. Insufficient selenium intake in the human body (less than 15–30 μg/day) leads to the development one of the hypomicroelementosis – hyposelenosis. Selenium deficiency is considered as a possible etiological factor in some cardiovascular, cancer, osteoarticular and neurodegenerative diseases that threaten to human life. Providing the human body with selenium in optimal amounts is one of the important conditions of nutrition. A number of countries have developed recommended selenium intake standards for the adults, which range from 55 to 120 μg/day. We can calculate the physiological need for selenium in children and adolescents by extrapolation. The most safe and effective way to maintain the necessary level of selenium for the human body can be achieved only through the poultry and livestock products by mandatory introduction of premixes containing highly effective biologically available selenium forms into animal feed. This will ensure a relatively high level of trace element in meat, eggs, and milk and would eliminate the cases of toxicosis in human population due to buffer effect of animal tissues.
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Bickel, Michael. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20067801viii.
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Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor
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Vovkotrub, N., A. Melnyk, L. Bogatko, O. Piddubnyak, and S. Sokolenko. "Analysis of changes in hematological indexes and essential trace elements metabolism under the using of vitamin-amino acid complex." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(165) (May 25, 2021): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2021-165-1-147-158.
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It has been established that the level of blood parameters in the body of sheep is not always stable and often depends on the breed, sex, their physiological state, the level of productivity, feeding and housing conditions. Among the factors that determine the optimal sheep nutritional level, not the last place is occupied by their provision with a sufficient amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine, methionine, cystine, and vitamins, given their physiological importance for the animal body. The overwhelming amount of them is able to be synthesized in the sheep rumen with the help of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, however, some of them are irreplaceable, that is, those whose balance must be replenished through feed rations. The article describes the use of the vitamin-amino acid complex "Аlphabet for Animals" in sheep, containing a complex of fat-and water-soluble vitamins, as well as amino acids, which contribute to the normalization of metabolism in the body of small ruminants, increase its resistance, have a positive effect on productivity, safety and reproductive animals functions. During the research, the effect of this feed additive on hemocytopoiesis and the exchange of essential micronutrients in ewes were studied. After a double use of the additive, an increase in the processes of erythrocytopoiesis was established, as evidenced by an increase in the number of blood erythrocytes by 21.2% and the hemoglobin content by 11.2%, stabilization of the size and degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin, as evidenced by a decrease in MCH and MCV indices. There were no significant changes in the content of essential micronutrients in the blood serum of sheep under the influence of the "Alphabet for Animals", and a slight increase of zinc content in the blood was noted in sheep after the second injection of the drug. At the same time, in the blood of experimental animals group a significant increase the iron content on average up to 129.5±7.33 μg/100 ml (p<0.05) was established, and the number of animals with a low amount of blood iron was only 12.5 %. The number of leukocytes in the sheep blood of both groups was within the normal range and during the second and third blood tests did not change significantly. Key words: sheep, feeding, feed additives, amino acids, vitamins, hemocytopoiesis, essential micronutrients.
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Teter, Anna, Aneta Brodziak, Jolanta Król, Joanna Barłowska, and Monika Kędzierska-Matysek. "Nutritional value and coagulation properties of milk from local cow breeds, including the selected macro- and micronutrients and trace elements." Mljekarstvo 70, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15567/mljekarstvo.2020.0307.
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The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value of milk based on its chemical composition and content of selected minerals and to determine the coagulation properties of raw milk from native Polish breeds, i.e. the Polish Red and the White-backed, as well as locally raised Simmental cows, taking into account the production season. The research material consisted of 418 milk samples taken during the spring/summer season (April to September) and autumn/winter season (October to March). The following parameters were determined in the samples: chemical composition, energetic value, coagu¬lation properties (RCT - rennet clotting time, A30 - curd firmness, K20 - curd firming time), cheese yield, and content of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Co. The percentage of the daily allowance for Ca and Mg in children, adolescents and adults from 250 mL of milk was determined. The milk of Polish Red cows had the highest concentration of basic nutrients (1 kg of milk provided 823.98 kcal) and the best coagulation parameters (the shortest clotting time (16:09 min, p≤0.01) and firmest curd (30.74 mm). This milk had a more beneficial nutritional profile, as it contained the highest percentage of the recommended daily allowances of Ca and Mg among all groups. The raw milk obtained in the pasture season showed more favourable coagulation properties. The content of minerals in milk is not clearly determined by the cow breed or the season. It is probably due to the higher levels of these nutrients in the feed, which in turn results from their content in the soil and the degree of fertilization.
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Korobov, A. P., and E. V. Bykova. "Organic microelement complex in feeding of cows in the production of iodized milk." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2106-03.
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The optimal level of mineral nutrition of animals is of great importance in the organization of complete feeding. Micromineral feeding of cattle, pigs and poultry has recently received more and more attention. A significant contribution to the solution of this issue is made by an organic microelement complex based on L-aspartic amino acid produced by JSC “Bioamide” under the trademark OMEC-7M. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the organic microelement complex based on the L-aspartic amino acid OMEC-7M and organic iodine OMEC-J on the milk productivity and composition of cow milk. In order to conduct scientific and economic experiments, groups of cows have been formed according to the principle of analogous pairs taking into account age, live weight, date of the last calving, productivity and physiological state. Live weight of cows was 500–550 kg with a yield of 5000-6000 kg of milk per lactation. The conditions of feeding and housing the animals were the same, with the exception of the studied factors. Studies have been conducted to determine the effect of organic trace elements Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Co and Se in the form of asparaginates and organic J on the milk productivity of cows, the composition of milk and the content of iodine in it, the morphological and biochemical composition of blood, the content of the rumen, the digestibility and use of feed nutrients compared to the inorganic salts of these trace elements. As a result of four scientific and economic experiments the effectiveness of the use of the organic microelement complex based on the L-aspartic amino acid OMEC-7M and organic iodine OMEC-J in the feeding of cows in the production of iodized milk has been proved.
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Huber, Machteld, Lucy P. L. van de Vijver, Henk Parmentier, Huub Savelkoul, Leon Coulier, Suzan Wopereis, Elwin Verheij, Jan van der Greef, Dré Nierop, and Ron A. P. Hoogenboom. "Effects of organically and conventionally produced feed on biomarkers of health in a chicken model." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 5 (October 28, 2009): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509992236.
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Consumers expect organic products to be healthier. However, limited research has been performed to study the effect of organic food on health. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers of health to enable future studies in human subjects. A feeding experiment was performed in two generations of three groups of chickens differing in immune responsiveness, which were fed identically composed feeds from either organic or conventional produce. The animals of the second generation were exposed to an immune challenge and sacrificed at 13 weeks of age. Feed and ingredients were analysed on macro- and micronutrients, i.e. vitamins, minerals, trace elements, heavy metals and microbes. The chickens were studied by general health and immune parameters, metabolomics, genomics and post-mortem evaluation. The organic and conventional feeds were comparable with respect to metabolisable energy. On average, the conventionally produced feeds had a 10 % higher protein content and some differences in micronutrients were observed. Although animals on both feeds were healthy, differences between the groups were found. The random control group of chickens fed conventional feed showed overall a higher weight gain during life span than the group on organic feed, although feed intake was mostly comparable. The animals on organic feed showed an enhanced immune reactivity, a stronger reaction to the immune challenge as well as a slightly stronger ‘catch-up growth’ after the challenge. Biomarkers for future research were identified in the parameters feed intake, body weight and growth rate, and in immunological, physiological and metabolic parameters, several of these differing most pronounced after the challenge.
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Gryban, V., D. Mylostiva, and E. Pecheniy. "ВПЛИВ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ТА ГУМІЛІДУ НА ВІДТВОРНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ТЕЛИЦЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ М’ЯСНОЇ ПОРОДИ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, no. 2(66) (September 8, 2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet6610.
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The article presents research data on the impact of deficient dietary microelements (cobalt and selenium) and biologically active supplement Humilid on the indicators of the reproductive function of heifers after the first calving. We have found out that Humilid and trace elements influence on the physiological state of reproductive organs and stimulate the sexual heat of animals. Regarding the duration of the period from calving to fertilized insemination, the difference between the control and experimental groups is more visible. Thus, the service period in the experimental group I (under the influence of Humilid) was 293.2 days, which is 2.6 days less than in the control group. In the experimental group II (under the influence of cobalt and selenium), it was, respectively, by 3.9 days less than in the control one. This may indicate that the minerals and dietary supplements contribute to more rapid recovery of the ovarian cycle. Protein composition of blood serum was investigated in the study of the biochemical spectrum of blood. Balancing the nutrition of animals with deficient dietary microelements and adding Humilid increase the concentration of protein molecules, which is visible from the indicator of crude protein and its components - albumen and globulin.In comparison with animals in the control group, a total protein level of heifers in the experimental group I was higher by 8.8% (P <0.05), and in the experimental group II - by 8.6% (P <0.05). This may indicate the increased intensity of synthetic and redox processes in heifers’ bodies in preovulatory period which serve best for the insemination.The level of albumen was also higher by 8.0 and 7.3% respectively under the influence of Humilid and trace elements in relation to the control group, indicating the improvement of transport of substances, in our case estradiol.As far as globulin is concerned, the growth of this class of proteins was marked by 9.4 and 9.6%, indicating the improvement of the level of resistance of the organism. Thus, the increase in blood biochemical parameters creates certain conditions in heifers’ body to improve their insemination.
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Farionik, T. V., and V. V. Gnatyuk. "Вплив хелатних сполук (метіонатів) на м’ясні якості та ветеринарно-санітарні показники яловичини." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 4, 2017): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7817.
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Providing the population with food and, first of all, meat is one of the main prerequisites for the development of Ukraine. Biologically complete and relatively inexpensive beef can only be obtained from animals of the meat production direction. One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality products is the full feeding of animals, which allows them to realize the genetic potential laid in the breed. At the same time, the problem of balancing rations for a microelement nutrition, which is characterized by a shortage in soil and feeds of macro- and microelements, becomes important. Some of these elements are components of biologically active compounds and regulators of various metabolic processes, and their lack or excess can lead to significant metabolic disorders in the animal's body and loss of productivity.Despite numerous studies devoted to the study of metabolism and individual parts of antioxidant protection of animals, work revealing the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these processes in cattle for the influence of scarce microelements is quite limited. The issues not only of protein metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in the age aspect remain, but also the course of these processes for the correction of mineral nutrition, which predetermined the choice of the direction of research, the purpose and objectives of this work.The imbalance in the diet of cattle fattening on mineral substances is accompanied by a violation of metabolism, reduced productivity and resistance of animals, deterioration of the indicators of veterinary and sanitary examination and meat quality. Ratios of cattle, which include feeds require the mandatory enrichment of their iron. Feeding iron metionates positively affects the physiological state of the organism, increases the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin.When using iron in the form of chelates, a high coefficient of its assimilation is established. In blood, the serum iron content of iron increased and this contributed to a decrease in total and latent iron binding capacity of serum. Iron chelates (metionates) more intensively stimulate protein synthesizing function, which manifests itself by increasing the content of total protein, albumin and reducing the amount of globulins.Application of micronutrients and their chelate compounds (metionates) and other biologically active substances has its advantages, the level of assimilation of heavy metals, radionuclides from contaminated feeds and water is reduced, chelate complexes of trace elements (МЕ) easily penetrate through cell membranes, allowing to carry out purposeful influence on exchange substances and energy and to correct the deficit of ME in the relevant biogeochemical zones.
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Donskay, G. A. "Curd paste for calcium metabolism correction." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-3-250-259.
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Calcium is one of critical elements influencing metabolic processes in the body. It is an essential ingredient of bone tissue. Once its amount in the blood is insufficient, bone calcium resorption occurs that leads to osteoporosis development. The goal of this publication is to demonstrate feasibility of introducing curd paste supplemented with additional source of calcium in the diet of population for improving antioxidant defense and strengthening bone tissue. This publication summarizes our previous research on developing calcium-enriched dairy products for osteoporosis prevention. It is supplemented with new data on significance of separate ingredients of curd paste, including whey protein antioxidant properties; ability of calcium and potassium salts as counterparts of strontium and cesium to reduce radionuclides absorption from gastrointestinal tract and others. Based on natural ingredients and targeted the mass consumer, Vitacalcin paste can provide a solid competition to domestic and foreign products. Formulations and technological process for curd paste Vitacalcin enriched with calcium from either eggshell powder or calcium alginate, and functional additives, such as nettle or garlic, has been developed. Products have been tested in animals and patients of Central Institute of Traumatology with primary form of osteoporosis. Bioavailability of calcium is more pronounced when consuming pastes with ESP and sulfur-containing additive. In animal model, bone mass increase has been observed after 28 days of curd paste consumption. Patients with pronounced osteoporosis consuming 200 g of curd paste daily for 30 days have demonstrated increased serum calcium level. It has been shown that the new product has a positive impact on bone tissue formation, and possesses antioxidant properties. As a result of the research, technical documentation for Vitacalcin curd paste is developed. The Institute of Nutrition recommends this product for osteoporosis prevention and correction of calcium balance.
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Brushmiller, J. George. "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. Walter Mertz." Quarterly Review of Biology 64, no. 2 (June 1989): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416328.
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Prohaska, Joseph R. "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 5th ed." Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/119.5.831.
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Tikász, Ildikó Edit, István Szűcs, and László Stündl. "Consumption habits of “Free range chicken” in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 5-6 (December 30, 2009): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/5-6/13.
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Poultry is highly ranked in theWorld meat production and consumption (it accounted for 32% in 2007), and, in the past 20 years it was growing with an annual rate of 3–6%, higher than in case of any other meat-types. This tendency is also valid for Hungary: poultry has the largest share (29.8 kg/person/year, 47%) in the domestic meat consumption since 2000, which is among the EU top (KSH, 2007). As the result of the animal health and nutrition scandals, the EU animal welfare and quality requirements and the advancements in health consciousness the Master-Good group launched the production, processing and trade of free-range poultry under the brand “Free-range chicken”. The new products had good consumer responses, because at present 1.5% of the processed chicken in Hungary (25 tons/week) is under this brand. As it regards the future of this product, we can expect the decrease of the current 1.5 times higher production price over broiler chicken, due to the increasing energy, labour and other cost items, thus the increase of the domestic consumption by 25–30% per annum can be foreseen. Besides the growth in domestic demand, increasing foreign consumer demand can also be expected because of the space requirement of the production. Summarising the above mentioned: „Free range chicken” can be one of the most successful products of the Hungarian poultry industry. In order to realise the prognosis mentioned above, it is inevitable to learn the consumer attitudes towards the brand. A primary market research programme supported by the Master Good group has been launched to study the main features of the domestic chicken meat consumption – including the „Free-range chicken” as highlighted brand. The primary aim of the research was the complete assessment and evaluation of the Hungarian chicken consumption habits and the identification of the possible take-off points. The research undertaken resulted basic information concerning the internal structure of the Hungarian poultry consumption (including that of the „Free-range chicken”), the potential consumer groups and their requirements, provided information on the consumers’knowledge of the products and identified the elements of the consumers’ judgements. This will serve as basis for a marketing communication programme to increase the domestic „Free-range chicken” consumption.
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Petrov, R., S. Nazarenko, F. Muravyov, O. Kutah, and O. Podlubny. "Assessment of commodities fishing in the trade network of the city of Sumy." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (46) (October 1, 2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2019.3.5.
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Introduction. To date, one of the priority tasks of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is to provide the population with benign and safe environmental and veterinary-sanitary products of animal products. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the rapidly developing agro-industrial complex. The mentioned industry is able to provide the population with high quality nutritious and dietary fishery products in a relatively short period. Fish products replenish the human diet with essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements and other nutrients to meet the needs of the body. But important indicators are the quality and safety of fish and fish products. The use of hazardous fish products by humans can lead to human diseases. Therefore, research on determining the safety and quality of fish remains an important link.
The goal of the work. The purpose of our research was to investigate commercial fish sold in the Sumy trade network and to carry out its veterinary and sanitary evaluation.
Materials and methods of research. These studies were conducted under the conditions of the Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products of Sumy National Agrarian University and in Sumy Regional State Laboratory of the State Consumer Service.
Conducted research on commercial fish, which came to the sale in the trade network of the city of Sumy, namely in supermarkets, specialized stores and agri-food markets. Fresh, dried and frozen fish were studied..
Results of research and discussion. As a result of the study of the selected samples was found in live fish, namely the fathead, characteristic signs of postodiplastomosis. This disease manifested itself as small black spots on the body of a fish. It was also revealed in the study of carp in two specimens that the chronic course of aeromonosis was manifested by the presence of fissured ulcers on the body of the fish. Since the detection of the disease did not spoil the product indicators of fish, then all living fish are allowed to sell.
When examining dried fish, no deviations from the requirements for dried fish were found in the submitted samples. All fish are identified as benign and admitted for sale.
Studies of fresh frozen fish (hake) revealed the presence in the muscle tissue of the nematode Contracoecum squalii
Affected fish are characterized by an increased content of microorganisms in the deep and superficial muscle layers, a doubtful or negative reaction to peroxidase, a doubtful or substandard reaction with a Nesler reagent, a doubtful or substandard reaction with sulfuric acid, acidification.
Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. In a study of 323 samples of live, dried, frozen fish, which entered the trade network in Sumy, it was found that 8 (2.47%) samples did not correspond to good-quality fish.2. Signs of diseases characteristic of aeromonosis (2 specimens), postodiplastomosis (1 specimen) and contracenosis (5 specimens) were established in the selected fish samples.3. A batch of hake (170 kg) in which the pathogen Contracoecum squalii was detected is not allowed for sale and is intended for technical disposal.
In the future, it is planned to develop and implement a permanent monitoring system for the quality and safety of fish and fishery products that are commercially available.
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Dermauw, Veronique. "Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia." Afrika Focus 27, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02701006.
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In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutri¬tion in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were inti-mately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut.
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Jākobsone, Ida, Ināra Kantāne, Sanita Zute, Inga Jansone, and Vadims Bartkevičs. "Macro-Elements and Trace Elements in Cereal Grains Cultivated in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 69, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2015-0022.
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AbstractCereal-based foods have great importance in the compensation of micro- and trace element deficiency, because 50% of the foods produced worldwide are made up of cereal grains. The aim of the research was to determine the concentration of macro-elements and trace elements in different cereals cultivated in Latvia. Various cereals were used in the research: rye (n = 45), barley (n = 54), spring wheat (n = 27), winter wheat (n = 53), triticale (n = 45) and oats (n = 42). Thirteen macro- and trace elements (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca) were determined in cereal grain samples (n = 266). Macro-elements and trace elements varied significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The highest concentrations of macro- and trace elements were found in oats and the lowest in rye. The obtained data will expand the opportunity for food and nutrition scientists to evaluate content of the examined elements in grain products, and dietary consumption (bioavailability) of the examined macro-elements and trace elements.
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Pluhator, Michelle M., Alan BR Thomson, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Clinical Aspects of Trace Elements: Zinc in Human Nutrition – A Biochemical and Physiological Perspective." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 9, no. 5 (1995): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/384176.
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The tremendous technological advances in trace element analysis seen in recent years have stimulated and facilitated research in a number of disciplines including microbiology, nutrition, agriculture, clinical medicine and, most recently, psychology. The importance of trace elements to human health is receiving greater attention as clinical cases of deficiency and toxicity are described. Zinc has been recognized as an essential trace element for humans since the early 1960s. It has been found to play a critical role in the physiological and biochemical well-being of humans. This review discusses the tissue distribution, concentration and intracellular binding of zinc in healthy humans. (Other reviews in this five-part series will appear in following issues.) The biochemical roles of zinc, including its involvement in the actions of metalloenzymes, cell synthesis, wound healing, growth, reproduction, hormone metabolism, cellular structural stability and immunological processes, are highlighted in order to provide an understanding of the unique and extensive role zinc plays in the biochemistry of the human body.
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Bergersen, Fraser J. "Eric John Hewitt. 27 February 1919 – 1 January 2002." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 50 (January 2004): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2004.0011.
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Eric Hewitt was a plant physiologist, distinguished internationally for his research on the detection of deficiencies in trace elements in the mineral nutrition of plants and for elucidating the biochemical roles of some of these elements, particularly in the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions. The research of his laboratory at Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol, was based on the meticulous applications of basic inorganic chemistry to techniques for sand–and–solution culture of experimental plants. Typically, trace elements are required by plants in concentrations of a few parts per million in the substrate in which they are grown. Consequently, to detect and measure effects of such nutrient elements on the growth of experimental plants, it is necessary to remove traces of these elements from the sand medium and from the plant nutrient solutions. His methods achieved astonishingly low levels of contaminating trace elements in plant growth media (Russell 1966, pp. 361–371). The element under study is then added to the test plant cultures at low concentration, and the growth and composition in test and control plants are compared. Hewitt's initial contribution was to devise techniques that could achieve such objectives. These techniques have been applied to solve problems of plant nutrition in agriculture and horticulture in many countries and they were the foundation on which his achievements in plant biochemistry were built.
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BUNKER, VALDA W., and BARBARA E. CLAYTON. "Research Review: Studies in the Nutrition of Elderly People with Particular Reference to Essential Trace Elements." Age and Ageing 18, no. 6 (1989): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.6.422.
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Miller, J. J., B. J. Read, D. J. Wentz, and D. J. Heaney. "Chemical composition of plants associated with saline sites in Alberta in relation to mineral requirements for beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-056.
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Plant samples were collected from 102 saline sites in Alberta from 1990 to 1993 to determine major element and trace element concentrations in relation to mineral requirements for beef cattle. Zinc concentrations were most frequently (94%) below the minimum requirement for beef cattle, followed by Cu (92%), Se (87%), Na (49%), Mn (29%), K (21%), Mg (3%), Fe (1%) and S (1%). The element most frequently exceeding the maximum tolerable level for beef cattle was S (20%), followed by Mg (17%), Al (5%), Fe (5%) and Mo (1%). Beef cattle consuming plants from saline areas of Alberta are more likely to experience potential deficiencies than toxicities of chemical elements required for adequate nutrition. Key words: Major elements, trace elements, plants, saline areas, mineral requirements, beef cattle
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Pluhator, Michelle M., Alan Br Thomson, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Clinical Aspects of Trace Elements: Zinc in Human Nutrition - Assessment of Zinc Status." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 10, no. 1 (1996): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/412043.
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Because the limiting and vulnerable zinc pool has not been identified, it becomes a challenge to determine which of the many zinc pools is most susceptible to deficiency. As a consequence, defining and assessing zinc status in the individual patient is a somewhat uncertain process. Laboratory analysis of zinc status is difficult because no single biochemical criterion can reliably reflect zinc body stores. Many indexes have been examined in the hopes of discovering a method for the assessment of zinc nutriture. None of the methods currently used can be wholeheartedly recommended because they are fraught with problems that affect their use and interpretation. However, these methods remain in use for clinical and research purposes, though their benefits and drawbacks must always be acknowledged. Until an acceptable method of analysis is discovered, clinicians must rely for confirmation of zinc deficiency on a process of supplementing with zinc and observing the patient’s response. The main indexes (plasma/serum, erythrocyte, leukocyte, neutrophil, urine, hair and salivary zinc levels, taste acuity and oral zinc tolerance tests, and measurement of metallothionein levels) are reviewed. Measurement of plasma or erythrocyte metallothionein levels shows promise as a future tool for the accurate determination of zinc status.
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Krupp, Eva M. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20128402iv.
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Trace elements are a vital ingredient in our food, which directly relates to our health and well-being. The study of health effects related to the abundance or deficiency of trace elements that we are exposed to in our daily life is of prime importance in order to understand mechanisms and interactions of those elements within the human body. Trace elements taken up with food may exert toxic actions (e.g., in the case of arsenic or mercury), others are essential and a deficiency in these trace elements (e.g., iron, selenium, zinc, or iodine) can have drastic health effects and cause diseases.Therefore, toxic as well as essential aspects of trace elements must be studied and understood, so that regulating or governing bodies may advise on permissible levels for toxic elements, or recommend daily doses for the uptake of essential elements.The 4th International Conference on Trace Elements in Food (TEF-4) addressed a range of issues related to the health effects of trace elements and provided a podium for researchers from different scientific backgrounds: analytical chemists, toxicologists, nutritionists, environmental scientists, and members of health authorities came together to present and discuss recent advances and findings.The conference was held from 19 to 22 June 2011 in the King’s Conference Centre at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland (UK), with Prof. John Beattie (Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health/University of Aberdeen) and Prof. Jörg Feldmann (University of Aberdeen) acting as Conference Chairs. TEF-4 attracted 150 delegates from 39 countries; 38 oral lectures were presented, 13 of which were given by internationally renowned invited speakers. The scientific program also included a poster exhibition with 108 papers and was completed by 9 exhibiting sponsors, including major analytical instrument manufacturers and representatives of reference material laboratories and government institutes.The scientific program comprised four larger themes, each of which was represented by invited speakers and further oral presentations on the following topics:- source and transfer of trace elements into food and feed- trace elements in nutrition and health- toxicology and risk assessment of trace elements in food- analytical advances in trace elements in foodSpecial attention was paid to selenium as an essential element, and a variety of talks explored the toxic actions of arsenic in different foodstuffs and in epidemiology, completed with topics on mercury, zinc, manganese, iodine, cerium, and other trace metals.The collection of papers in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry is a representation of the main topics covered in the lectures held during TEF-4, providing an overview of recent advances in research techniques and findings. We hope that it proves a useful source of new and exciting results, leading the way into the future of food analysis, and that fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration will enhance the impact of fundamental and applied research.Eva M. KruppConference Editor
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Kennedy, Brenda V., and H. Roy Krouse. "Isotope fractionation by plants and animals: implications for nutrition research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 960–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-146.
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The isotopic compositions of animal tissues, minerals, and fluids reflect those of ingested food and water and inhaled gases. This relationship is illustrated by a review of data pertaining to five light elements of biological interest (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulphur). Processes affecting the isotopic composition of inorganic compounds in reservoirs are summarized, and isotope fractionation during transfer of elements from these inorganic reservoirs through progressive trophic levels of food webs is discussed. Variability of δ values within and among individuals, populations, and species of plants and animals is attributed to at least six factors: locality, dietary selectivity, biochemical composition of food, isotope effects in metabolic processes, turnover rates, and stress. Features of a variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are used to illustrate basic concepts. Future research should seek to clarify specific mechanisms affecting δ values during the transfer of elements through food webs.Key words: food webs, stable isotopes, isotope fractionation, ecosystems.
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Danezis, Georgios, Charis Theodorou, Theofilos Massouras, Evangelos Zoidis, Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou, and Constantinos Georgiou. "Greek Graviera Cheese Assessment through Elemental Metabolomics—Implications for Authentication, Safety and Nutrition." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040670.
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This study presents the comprehensive elemental profile of Greek Graviera (Gruyère) cheeses. In total, 105 samples from nine different geographic regions produced from sheep, goat and cow milk and their mixtures were assessed. Elemental signatures of 61 elements were investigated for determination of geographic origin and milk type. Regional and milk type classification through Linear Discriminant Analysis was successful for almost all cases, while a less optimistic cross validation exercise presented lower classification rates. That points to further research using a much larger sample set, increasing confidence for cheese authentication utilizing also bioinformatics tools under development. This is the first study reporting signatures of 61 elements in dairy products including all sixteen rare earth elements and all seven precious metals. Safety and quality were assessed regarding toxic and nutritive elements. According to both EU and USA regulations and directives, Graviera is a nutritional source for trace and macro elements with low levels of toxic elements.
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Gherase, Mihai R., and David E. B. Fleming. "Probing Trace Elements in Human Tissues with Synchrotron Radiation." Crystals 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010012.
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For the past several decades, synchrotron radiation has been extensively used to measure the spatial distribution and chemical affinity of elements found in trace concentrations (<few µg/g) in animal and human tissues. Intense and highly focused (lateral size of several micrometers) X-ray beams combined with small steps of photon energy tuning (2–3 eV) of synchrotron radiation allowed X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques to nondestructively and simultaneously detect trace elements as well as identify their chemical affinity and speciation in situ, respectively. Although limited by measurement time and radiation damage to the tissue, these techniques are commonly used to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional maps of several elements at synchrotron facilities around the world. The spatial distribution and chemistry of the trace elements obtained is then correlated to the targeted anatomical structures and to the biological functions (normal or pathological). For example, synchrotron-based in vitro studies of various human tissues showed significant differences between the normal and pathological distributions of metallic trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and lead in relation to human diseases ranging from Parkinson’s disease and cancer to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Current research effort is aimed at not only measuring the abnormal elemental distributions associated with various diseases, but also indicate or discover possible biological mechanisms that could explain such observations. While a number of studies confirmed and strengthened previous knowledge, others revealed or suggested new possible roles of trace elements or provided a more accurate spatial distribution in relation to the underlying histology. This area of research is at the intersection of several current fundamental and applied scientific inquiries such as metabolomics, medicine, biochemistry, toxicology, food science, health physics, and environmental and public health.
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Bayissa, Tokuma Negisho, Sangi Gobena, Donna Vanhauteghem, Gijs Du Laing, Mulugeta Wakjira Kabeta, and Geert Paul Jules Janssens. "The Impact of Lake Ecosystems on Mineral Concentrations in Tissues of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041000.
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This study evaluates the differences in mineral and toxic trace element concentrations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) tissues from three aquatic ecosystems in Ethiopia—Lake Ziway, Lake Langano, and Gilgel Gibe reservoir—with a focus on edible (fillet) and discarded (digestive tract, gills, skin, and liver) parts. A total of sixty (n = 60) Nile tilapia samples were collected, comprising twenty (n = 20) fish from each lake, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All elements varied markedly among tissues and between the lakes. Some differences in element concentrations were attributed to differences in nutrient load in the ecosystems and the function of the tissues. For instance, the calcium concentrations in skin and gill were distinctly higher in fish from calcium-rich Lake Langano. The d iscarded parts were richer in essential trace elements, showing an opportunity to promote their use in human nutrition to increase the intake of important minerals. However, the accumulation of elements toxic to humans, such as aluminum, should be monitored and, in particular, controlled when rearing these fish in aquaculture.
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Iskra, R., V. Vlislo, and R. Fedoruk. "Biological efficiency of citrates of microelements in animal breeding." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.03.028.
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To ensure normal functioning of the organism of animals, the maintenance of their vital functions, the growth and development of the young animals, their productive and reproductive capacities, it is necessary to ensure their full nutrition. Unbalanced mineral nutrition in the diet of the animals leads to the impairments of mineral metabolism in their body. One of the most promising way of obtaining micronutrients with guaranteed safety and bioticity is the use of the achievements of nanotechnology and bioorganic chemistry for the synthesis of organometallic biocomplexes, in particular, citrates. The Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conducts studies to fi nd out the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the action of nanoaquacitrate minerals in the organism of animals in different periods of ontogenetic devel- opment and productive use. It has been established that the trace elements of microelements are biologically active and safe for health, and their use in livestock breeding leads to increased animal vitality and productivity.
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Khairullin, A. M., R. R. Gayfullin, V. S. Sergeev, I. O. Chanyshev, and F. A. Bagautdinov. "Yield formation of spring rape seeds with the seed treatment with micronutrients." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-334-1-62-65.
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Relevance. Trace elements are of great importance in plant life. Due to their catalytic action, they allow plants to more effectively use the main elements of nutrition-solar energy, water and macronutrients — nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which in turn has a positive effect on plant productivity and crop quality. Rape is very sensitive to the lack of boron, zinc. Trace elements are currently presented in various forms, and therefore the purpose of the research was to identify the effectiveness of boronand zinc-containing trace elements in the processing of seed material.Methods. Theobjectofstudyisspringrape(Brassicanapus) variety Yubileiny. Field experiments and studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the Birsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Tested options using micronutrient fertilizers: zinc sulfate, 21.5%; Ultramag chelate Zn, 15%; boric acid, 17.5%; Ultramag doron, 11%.Results. According to the results of studies, an increase in field germination by 6.5%, the yield of oilseeds by 37.1% and oilseeds by 1.7% when treated with Ultramag chelate Zn at a dose of 1 kg/ha was found.
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Lall, Santosh P., and Sadasivam J. Kaushik. "Nutrition and Metabolism of Minerals in Fish." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092711.
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Aquatic animals have unique physiological mechanisms to absorb and retain minerals from their diets and water. Research and development in the area of mineral nutrition of farmed fish and crustaceans have been relatively slow and major gaps exist in the knowledge of trace element requirements, physiological functions and bioavailability from feed ingredients. Quantitative dietary requirements have been reported for three macroelements (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) and six trace minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and selenium) for selected fish species. Mineral deficiency signs in fish include reduced bone mineralization, anorexia, lens cataracts (zinc), skeletal deformities (phosphorus, magnesium, zinc), fin erosion (copper, zinc), nephrocalcinosis (magnesium deficiency, selenium toxicity), thyroid hyperplasia (iodine), muscular dystrophy (selenium) and hypochromic microcytic anemia (iron). An excessive intake of minerals from either diet or gill uptake causes toxicity and therefore a fine balance between mineral deficiency and toxicity is vital for aquatic organisms to maintain their homeostasis, either through increased absorption or excretion. Release of minerals from uneaten or undigested feed and from urinary excretion can cause eutrophication of natural waters, which requires additional consideration in feed formulation. The current knowledge in mineral nutrition of fish is briefly reviewed.
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Meyer, Allison M. "147 Nutritional advances in fetal and neonatal development: Mineral nutrition." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.206.
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Abstract Mineral nutrition during pregnancy has long been known to impact fetal growth and development. This is evidenced by a multitude of mineral deficiency-related causes for embryonic loss, abortion, stillbirth, or neonatal death, including poor or inappropriate fetal development that can be either reversible or irreversible postnatally. Both macro and trace mineral needs of the dam are known to increase with the fetal growth of advancing gestation due to greater metabolic stress and demand, as well as tissue development and deposition in the fetus. Fetal deposition of many trace minerals is especially important for neonatal use while consuming milk with low mineral concentrations and facing a multitude of immune challenges. In the last 2 decades, many laboratories have focused on “developmental programming,” or the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal and neonatal development and ultimately long-term health and productivity of livestock. Despite this, the role of macro and trace minerals in short-and long-term consequences of developmental programming is still unclear for many minerals and species. Taken together, research in ruminants and swine demonstrate that mineral intake and source during pregnancy can have a large effect on fetal growth and development that lasts into the neonatal and pre-weaning periods. Some studies suggest that supra-nutritional mineral intake may have a positive benefit during gestation or neonatal periods. Moreover, some data suggest that mineral requirements may be greater than currently thought to accommodate the rapid fetal growth and preparation for lactation that occurs during late gestation. Continued research is necessary to determine mineral requirements of livestock during pregnancy, especially when considering their long-reaching subsequent effects on offspring. Additionally, increased understanding of perinatal transfer of trace minerals can aid in our management of pregnant dams and their offspring.
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Begaa, Samir, and Mohammed Messaoudi. "Thermal neutron activation analysis of some toxic and trace chemical element contents in Mentha pulegium L." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2942.
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Abstract Our laboratory of neutron activation analysis is highly involved in nutrition applications in the framework of research activities using the Algerian research reactor. The medicinal and aromatic plants of Mentha pulegium L. have been largely used in traditional medicine for several centuries to contribute significantly to human health related to digestive ailments, it is also used to reduce nervousness and anxiety. The present study focuses on the analysis of leaves of M. pulegium L., for evaluation of essential and toxic elements using a sensitive nuclear analytical technique based on instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Twenty-one elements were assessed (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cr, Cs, Co, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Yb and Zn) and the accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing the Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) GBW 07605 (tea leaves) and NIST-SRM 1573a (tomato leaves). The daily intake of essential and toxic elements was determined and compared with the recommended values and was found to be well below the tolerance limits.
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Messaoudi, Mohammed, Samir Begaa, Lylia Hamidatou, M’hamed Salhi, Hamza Ouakouak, Mohammed Mouzai, and Aïcha Hassani. "Neutron activation analysis of major and trace elements in Arabica and Robusta coffee beans samples consumed in Algeria." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2875.
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Abstract The Algerian neutron activation analysis laboratory is highly involved in nutrition applications in the framework of research activities using the Es-Salam research reactor. The main objective of this work is to contribute, by using nuclear analytical techniques, for studying a large number of natural food samples consumed in Algeria related to nutrition and human health. The present study focuses on the analysis of the most popular beans consumed worldwide, namely, the coffee species of Arabica and Robusta, based on the international markets. Chemical content of samples was assessed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and k0-INAA techniques, through the irradiation of samples during 6 h at a thermal neutron flux of 4.5×1013cm−2s−1 of Es-Salam research reactor. A total of 17 elements were assessed such as, (Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Zn, Lu and Th) obtained by using INAA and k0-INAA methods, While we used the radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA and k0-RNAA) to determine Selenium at low level concentrations, the accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing CRM and SRM. QC/QA was evaluated by using the statistical parameter U-score. Results were compared with those obtained for samples from Brazilian, Caribbean, Indian and Kenyan coffee beans reported in the literature. The daily intake of essentials and toxic elements was determined and compared with the recommended values. The probable cumulative intake of toxic elements was found to be well below the tolerance limits.
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Bidenko, V. M., L. A. Kalchuk, and V. Z. Trochymenko. "Effectiveness of Usage of Salts and Compounds of Microelements in The Growth of Lupin on Radioactive Contaminated Soils." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 30 (June 28, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-1.
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Leguminous crops grown in the radioactive contamination zone have the potential to accumulate radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr to a large extent, thus contributing to radioactive contamination of livestock products, milk and meat. One of the effective methods in reducing the accumulation of radionuclides in crop production, in particular fodder, is the application of trace elements that are lacking in the Polissya area of Zhytomyr region. In addition, the trace elements contribute to increasing the yield of plants and improve their nutrition. As a result of the research in the Naroditsky district of Zhytomyr region, Polissya STOV, we found that the application of trace elements in the form of salts of trace elements Co, Cu, Zn, Mn contributed to the increase in the yield of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 2,4 and 3,6%, or on 10 and 10.7 g, of complexones of these trace elements, respectively, on 11,2 and 13,5%, or on 31,0 and 58,0 ts. Salts of trace elements contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of lupine white by 18%, or 1.2 times, yellow lupine - by 11%, 1.2 times. Plasma complexes contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of green mass of white lupine and lupine of yellow on 24%, or in 1,3 times. Specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was high and exceeded the activity of the green mass of lupine yellow in 6.3 times, although the cultivation of cultures was carried out on the same fields, however, at different periods. White lupine was sown in the early spring, during which a considerable amount of precipitation fell during the vegetation period. Therefore, in our opinion, a significant increase in the specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was conditioned by the weather conditions. The maximum specific activity of the green mass of white lupine was 2003 Bq / kg, the minimum is 1526 Bq / kg, which is lower by 477 Bq. Reducing the specific activity of lupine is due to radio-blocking effect of micronutrient complexonates. Salts of trace elements contributed to a 1.2-fold decrease in the specific activity of the green mass of the culture.
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Olaiya, David O., Olusegun I. Alatise, Oyebamiji O. Oketayo, Olawale E. Abiye, Eusebius I. Obianjunwa, and Fatai A. Balogun. "Trace Element Analysis of Cancerous and Non-cancerous Breast Tissues of African Women in Southwest Nigeria Using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission Technique." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 13 (January 2019): 117822341984069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178223419840694.
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In this study, we applied particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy to investigate the levels of trace elements in breast tissues and whole blood (cancerous and non-cancerous) of selected African women in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria. Freeze-dried and homogenized specimens obtained through mastectomy from clinically diagnosed patients were made into 11-mm-diameter pellets. The pellets were irradiated with 2.5 MeV proton beam energy from a 1.7 MV 5SDH Tandem accelerator. The PIXE analytical system was calibrated with certified reference matrices of Bovine Liver and Animal Blood: NIST 1577a and IAEA-A-13, respectively. A total of 23 elements: Na, K, Ca, Cl, S, Al, P, Si, Zn, Pb, Br, Rb, Zr, Se, Sr, Mn, V, Ti, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mg were detected. The results indicated that the levels were within 0.9-5288 and 0.6-2320 ppm in breast tissues and 0.3-17228 and 2.0-2475 ppm in the whole blood of cancerous and non-cancerous subjects, respectively. At the .05 level of significance, significant differences exist between these levels in the cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues ( t = 0.008) as well as the whole blood ( t = 0.041). The results gave the baseline concentration of the observed trace elements in the normal and malignant subjects and indicated PIXE as a powerful tool for such investigation.
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Paula, Turcu Raluca, Olteanu Margareta, Untea Arabela Elena, Saracila Mihaela, Varzaru Iulia, and Vlaicu Petru Alexandru. "Nutritional characterization of some natural plants used in poultry nutrition." Archiva Zootechnica 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0013.
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Abstract Current nutritional strategies of livestock industry are focused on evaluating the effects of terrestrial sources rich in natural bioactive compounds that can be used in farm animal feed and the subsequent implications on the quality of resulting animal products. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize from a nutritional point of view some natural plants used as phyto-additives in poultry nutrition: oregano, mint, basil, sage, fenugreek, thyme, turmeric, cumin and rosemary. The results of this study on plants nutritional evaluation showed a varied proximate analysis. Of all the plants, cumin, fenugreek and basil were the richest source of crude protein. Thyme had a large ether extractives content, followed by rosemary, sage and cumin. The obtained results revealed that oregano has the strongest antioxidant capacity (849.77 mmols equiv. asc. acid; 863.57 mmols equiv. vit. E), the highest total polyphenols concentration (86.77 mg GAE/g) and lutein and zeaxanthin (304.23 μg/g) of the analysed plants. Nevertheless, all plants had high concentration of total polyphenols, except cumin, a large amount of xanthophylls and vitamin E. After oregano, sage and thyme have been noted for their antioxidant capacity and major antioxidant compounds. Basil and sage revealed the highest amount of essential trace elements.
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Martín-Martínez, Benjamín, and María López-Liñán. "Nutrition for Hypercholesterolemic Children." Journal of Child Science 08, no. 01 (January 2018): e106-e112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669380.
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AbstractIn the diet of hypercholesterolemic children, 10 to 18% of the total calorie intake should be protein, 50 to 60% carbohydrates, and 30% lipids, of which less than 10% should be saturated fatty acids, between 7 and 10% should be polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 10 to 20% should be monounsaturated fatty acids. Cholesterol intake should not exceed 300 mg/dL, and an adequate fiber intake of 8 to 28 g/day, according to the child's age, should be ensured. If a child is obese or overweight, the aim of the initial treatment should be to normalize weight through improved lifestyle habits, dietary recommendations, and increased physical activity. The healthy diet for cardiovascular disease prevention is similar to that advised for a healthy pediatric population: (1) reduced total fat intake, such as through eating less red meat and sausages and choosing skimmed milk, butter, skimmed-milk cheese, lean meat, skinless chicken, and rabbit, cooked using simple cooking processes; (2) increased intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils, such as fish oil and olive oil; (3) reduced cholesterol intake, such as through the reduced consumption of eggs, viscera, and industrial bakery products; and (4) higher intake of fish and complex carbohydrates, such as pasta, pulses, and whole-grain bread. In addition, fruits and vegetables should be recommended for their fiber, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. The recommended culinary preparation is to grill, steam, or bake food and to avoid frying, especially with butter or animal fat, and to give preference to oils based on monounsaturated fats, such as olive and sunflower oil.
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Marsh, P. B. "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. Vol. 2. Fifth Ed.1986. Edited by Walter Mertz. Academic Press, New York, NY. 499 pp." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, no. 4 (1986): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001326.
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Michalak, Izabela, Anna Witek-Krowiak, Katarzyna Chojnacka, and Amit Bhatnagar. "Advances in biosorption of microelements – the starting point for the production of new agrochemicals." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2015-0003.
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AbstractThis paper reports the advances in biosorption of trace elements to produce value-added products for agriculture. Innovative fertilizers and dietary feed supplements can be produced by biosorption, where micronutrients are bonded with biological material. The process is controlled by the equilibrium between functional groups and micronutrient ions (e.g., Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Zn(II)), yielding the products with controlled release properties. The latter assumes high bioavailability and low toxicity to plants and animals. This makes it possible to biofortify food of plant and animal (meat, milk, eggs) origin with microelements and produce a new generation of functional food, rich in microelements. Regulatory issues related with micronutrient dietary feed supplements and fertilizers were discussed. Special attention has been paid to micronutrient deficiencies in plant cultivation and animal nutrition and to the methods of overcoming this problem. The applicability of biosorption to supplement bioavailable form of nutritionally significant elements was discussed. Current developments of biosorption-based technologies for agriculture were presented.
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Engle, Terry E. "393 Awardee Talk: Effect of trace mineral source on rumen fermentation and trace mineral distribution in the rumen." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.315.
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Abstract The role that Cu and Zn play in rumen microbial fermentation is not well understood. Microorganisms use small proportions of dietary Cu and Zn for catalytic, structural, and stabilizing functions. In order for microorganisms to acquire Cu and Zn, the elements must be soluble in the rumen environment. Data would indicate that practical diets fed to ruminants without Cu and Zn supplementation are able to meet the microbial Cu and Zn requirements. Therefore, rumen solubility of supplemental Cu and Zn can impact rumen microbial fermentation characteristics. Numerous factors can impact rumen solubility of minerals, such as the pH of the rumen, the concentration of dietary antagonists (Mo, Fe, S, fiber, etc.), and mineral source. Earlier research has indicated that high soluble concentrations of Cu and Zn in the rumen environment can become toxic to certain rumen microorganisms and decrease fiber digestion. Recent research from our laboratory has indicated that hydroxy trace mineral (HTM) forms of Cu and Zn are relatively insoluble in the rumen and that a greater proportion of HTM remained loosely bound to the insoluble fraction within the rumen when compared to sulfate trace mineral (STM) sources of Cu and Zn. We have also reported that supplemental sources of Cu and Zn that are highly soluble in the rumen environment (STM) can decrease fiber digestion, reduce total VFA concentrations, and can become more tightly bound to rumen solid digesta than HTM sources of Cu and Zn. The stronger binding of STM relative to HTM to the solid rumen digesta fraction may reduce absorption in the small intestine. Future research investigating the flow and passage rate of different trace mineral sources through the abomasum into the duodenum and duodenal absorption efficiency of Cu and Zn from different TM sources is needed.
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Newton, Eric E., Ásta H. Pétursdóttir, Gunnar Ríkharðsson, Corentin Beaumal, Natasa Desnica, Konstantina Giannakopoulou, Darren Juniper, Partha Ray, and Sokratis Stergiadis. "Effect of Dietary Seaweed Supplementation in Cows on Milk Macrominerals, Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Concentrations." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071526.
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This study investigated the effect of seaweed supplementation in dairy cow diets on milk yield, basic composition, and mineral concentrations. Thirty-seven Icelandic cows were split into three diet treatments: control (CON, no seaweed), low seaweed (LSW, 0.75% concentrate dry matter (DM), 13–40 g/cow/day), and high seaweed (HSW, 1.5% concentrate DM, 26–158 g/cow/day). Cows were fed the same basal diet of grass silage and concentrate for a week, and then were introduced to the assigned experimental diets for 6 weeks. The seaweed mix of 91% Ascophyllum nodosum: 9% Laminaria digitata (DM basis), feed, and milk samples were collected weekly. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model, with diet, week, and their interaction as fixed factors, cow ID as random factor, and the pre-treatment week data as a covariate. When compared with CON milk, LSW and HSW milk had, respectively, less Se (−1.4 and −3.1 μg/kg milk) and more I (+744 and +1649 μg/kg milk), while HSW milk also had less Cu (−11.6 μg/kg milk) and more As (+0.17 μg/kg milk) than CON milk. The minimal changes or concentrations in milk for Se, Cu, and As cannot be associated with any effects on consumer nutrition, but care should be taken when I-rich seaweed is fed to cows to avoid excessive animal I supply and milk I concentrations.
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McClure, S. J. "Mineral nutrition and its effects on gastrointestinal immune function of sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03002.
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Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism requires optimisation of protective mucosal immunity. This may involve controlling predisposing factors, of which nutrition is the easiest to manipulate, or immuno-enhancement, including that by dietary components. Minerals are 1 type of dietary component with the potential to alter regulation of mucosal immunity to parasites.In addition to more specific functions, both major and trace elements have wide-ranging roles in the activity of enzyme systems, with the potential to affect immunity via a number of pathways. While there is little reported work on the effects of minerals on mucosal immunity of ruminants, some important principles can be drawn from this work. These are discussed with work on immunity in general. Also indicated is the future research needed to explain the role of minerals in immunity to internal parasites and to permit the application of this understanding to on-farm situations.
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Kim, Soo Yeon, Jae Wook Kim, Young Sook Ko, Jee Eun Koo, Hae Yeon Chung, and Yang Cha Lee-Kim. "Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Trace Elements in Serum of Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Invasive Cancer." Nutrition and Cancer 47, no. 2 (November 2003): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc4702_3.
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Liaset, Bjørn, Jannike Øyen, Hélène Jacques, Karsten Kristiansen, and Lise Madsen. "Seafood intake and the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." Nutrition Research Reviews 32, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422418000240.
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AbstractWe provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marinen-3 PUFA are probably of importance throughn-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish proteinper se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.