Academic literature on the topic 'Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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Thieleke, J. P., and C. Vogt. "A calibration strategy for LA-ICP-MS using isotope dilution for solid reference materials." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 6 (2016): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00042h.
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An isotope dilution method for the quantitative analysis of trace elements in biological samples and for the characterization of reference materials for the analysis of biological samples by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-ID-MS) has been tested.
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Botha, Angelique, Alexander I. Barzev, and Johann L. Fischer. "Isotope dilution ICP-MS analysis of trace elements in a Syenite rock reference material." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 22, no. 5 (2007): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b617981a.
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Brenhin Keller, C., Patrick Boehnke, Blair Schoene, and T. Mark Harrison. "Stepwise chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis of microfractured Hadean zircon." Geochronology 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-85-2019.
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Abstract. The Hadean Jack Hills zircons represent the oldest known terrestrial material, providing a unique and truly direct record of Hadean Earth history. This zircon population has been extensively studied via high-spatial-resolution high-throughput in situ isotopic and elemental analysis techniques, such as secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), but not by comparatively destructive, high-temporal-precision (<0.05 % two-sigma) thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). In order to better understand the lead loss and alteration history of terrestrial Hadean zircons, we conduct stepwise chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis (CA-ID-TIMS-TEA) on manually microfractured Hadean Jack Hills zircon fragments previously dated by SIMS. We conducted three successive HF leaching steps on each individual zircon fragment, followed by column chromatography to isolate U–Pb and trace element fractions. Following isotopic and elemental analysis, the result is an independent age and trace element composition for each leachate of each zircon fragment. We observe ∼50 Myr of age heterogeneity in concordant residues from a single zircon grain, along with a protracted history of post-Hadean Pb loss with at least two modes circa ∼0 and 2–4 Ga. Meanwhile, stepwise leachate trace element chemistry reveals enrichments of light rare earth elements, uranium, thorium, and radiogenic lead in early leached domains relative to the zircon residue. In addition to confirming the efficacy of the LREE-I alteration index and providing new insight into the mechanism of chemical abrasion, the interpretation and reconciliation of these results suggest that Pb loss is largely driven by low-temperature aqueous recrystallization and that regional thermal events may act to halt – not initiate – Pb loss from metamict domains in the Hadean Jack Hills zircons.
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Bradley, Veronica C., Benjamin T. Manard, Benjamin D. Roach, Shalina C. Metzger, Kayron T. Rogers, Brian W. Ticknor, Sarah K. Wysor, John D. Brockman, and Cole R. Hexel. "Rare Earth Element Determination in Uranium Ore Concentrates Using Online and Offline Chromatography Coupled to ICP-MS." Minerals 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010055.
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The determination of trace elements, particularly rare earth elements, in uranium ore concentrates (UOCs) is important as the pattern can be indictive ore characteristics. Presented here is a methodology for accurately quantifying rare earth elements (REE) in UOCs. To improve the measurement uncertainty, isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was utilized over other quantification techniques such as external calibration or standard addition. The isotopic determinations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To obtain high-fidelity isotopic measurements, separation of the REE from the uranium matrix was achieved by high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC), reducing the isobaric interferences. After separation, the target analytes were analyzed in two different modalities. For high precision analysis, the separated analytes were collected and measured by ICP-MS in an “offline” fashion. For a rapid approach, the separated analytes were sent directly into an ICP-MS for “online” analysis. These methods have been demonstrated to accurately quantify the REE content in a well-characterized UOC sample.
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Hsiung, Chiung-Sheng, Joseph D. Andrade, Robert Costa, and K. Owen Ash. "Minimizing interferences in the quantitative multielement analysis of trace elements in biological fluids by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.12.2303.
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Abstract The determination of trace and ultratrace elements in biological fluids, including urine and serum, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is discussed. Nonspectral interferences and their corrections by external calibration and calibrator addition are discussed in detail. External calibration with internal calibration and dilution is mostly sufficient to correct for encountered biological matrix effects. For some elements, such as Cs and Zn, the use of calibrator addition provides more accurate results. The importance of spectral interferences and their elimination by isotope selection was also studied. Two examples, Cu and Zn, demonstrate the prime importance of selecting an isotope with minimal polyatomic interferences for analysis. By using 65Cu and 68Zn, accurate results for urine and serum can be obtained without excessive pretreatment of samples. Two reference materials, Bio-Rad Lyphochek urine and Kaulson Contox sera, were analyzed. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison with target values, and precision was estimated by the CV within 95% confidence.
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Schaumlöffela, Dirk, and Ryszard Łobińskia,b. "Isotope dilution technique for quantitative analysis of endogenous trace element species in biological systems." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 242, no. 2-3 (April 2005): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.11.020.
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Tibi, Markus, and Klaus G. Heumann. "Isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a calibration method for the analysis of trace elements in powder samples by LA-ICP-MS." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 18, no. 9 (2003): 1076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b301835k.
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Inagaki, Kazumi, Akiko Takatsu, Takashi Yarita, Kensaku Okamoto, and Koichi Chiba. "Total and Species-Specific Quantitative Analyses of Trace Elements in Sediment by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 58, no. 4 (2009): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.58.175.
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Pin, Christian, and Brieuc Le Fèvre. "Isotope Dilution with Matrix Element Removal: A Key for High-Precision, High-Accuracy Trace Analysis of Geological Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry." Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 26, no. 2 (July 2002): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.2002.tb00882.x.
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Dahmen, J., M. Pfluger, M. Martin, L. Rottmann, and G. Weichbrodt. "Trace element determination of high-purity chemicals for the processing of semiconductors with high-resolution ICP-mass spectrometry using stable isotope dilution analysis (IDA)." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 359, no. 4-5 (October 13, 1997): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050599.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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Cotta, Aloísio José Bueno. "Determinação de elementos-traço em águas e rochas por ICP-MS quadrupolar com cela de colisão." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286784.
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Orientador: Jacinta EnzweilerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: A espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS) possibilita determinações multielementares rápidas e com baixos limites de detecção numa variedade de matrizes, dentre elas as geológicas. Neste estudo, métodos comparativos utilizando um ICP-MS quadrupolar equipado com cela de colisão (CC) foram estabelecidos para determinar amplos conjuntos de elementos-traços em águas e em rochas. A aplicabilidade e as limitações da CC para atenuar interferências poliatômicas sobre os isótopos empregados foram amplamente investigadas. Em condições ótimas, muitas interferências puderam ser eliminadas ou significativamente atenuadas, o que tornou os métodos menos dependentes de correções matemáticas. Para a análise de rochas, técnicas clássicas de dissolução envolvendo misturas ácidas, como HF/HNO3, foram utilizadas e um novo procedimento com equipamento que possibilita efetuar a digestão sob pressão de até 13 MPa é proposto. Nesse caso, a precipitação de AlF3, o qual retém alguns elementos-traço, principalmente Co, Sr, Ba e Pb, foi o maior obstáculo à recuperação quantitativa dos analitos. A formação de AlF3 foi evitada com a adição de Mg à porção teste e com o controle da temperatura de digestão. A decomposição por sinterização com peróxido de sódio foi também investigada e verificou-se que a inclusão de uma etapa de aquecimento da dispersão resultante da dissolução do sinterizado em água, antes da separação do precipitado de hidróxidos de Fe e Ti, o qual retém os elementos-traço, auxilia na coprecipitação de Ni, Zr, Nb, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hf, Pb e Th e permite acrescentá-los à lista de elementos determináveis. Os métodos foram validados pela análise de um conjunto de materiais de referência (MR), alguns deles certificados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os métodos desenvolvidos para águas e rochas apresentaram tendência e coeficientes de variação menores que 5% para a maior parte dos mensurandos. Os resultados obtidos para os MR certificados de rochas, BRP-1 e OU-6, foram utilizados para calcular a incerteza do método ao nível aproximado de confiança de 95%. A técnica de diluição isotópica foi aplicada para determinar Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr e Sn em alguns MR de rochas em uso e em candidatos a MR, com o objetivo de estabelecer o método e contribuir com novos valores para esses MR. As incertezas de todas as etapas do procedimento foram estimadas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o valor certificado de Cr em BRP-1 deveria ser revisto e confirmam a necessidade do estabelecimento da rastreabilidade metrológica durante a certificação de MR.
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is suited for fast multi-trace element determinations with low detection limits in a variety of matrices, including geological samples. In this study we established comparative analytical methods for the determination of an expressive number of trace elements in water and rock samples using an ICP-MS equipped with collision cell (CC). The applicability and limitations of CC for polyatomic interference attenuation over the isotopes used were widely investigated. Under optimized conditions, many interferences were eliminated or significantly attenuated, so these methods depend less on mathematical corrections. For rock analyses, classical multi-acid decomposition techniques, with mixtures like HF/HNO3, were used, and a new procedure with equipment that allows digestion at 13 MPa is proposed. In this case, the precipitation of AlF3, which retains some trace elements like Co, Sr, Ba and Pb preferentially, was the major drawback in achieving quantitative recoveries. The formation of AlF3 was inhibited by adding Mg to the test portion and controlling the temperature of digestion. Sample decomposition by sintering with sodium peroxide was also tested and was demonstrated that including a heating step of the sinter dispersion obtained after dissolution in water and before the separation of the precipitated Fe and Ti hydroxides, which retain many trace elements, helps to achieve a quantitative co-precipiation of Ni, Zr, Nb, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hf, Pb and Th and allows to include them to the list of determinable elements. The methods were validated by analysis of a set of reference materials (RM) some of them certified. Relative standard deviations and bias of the results were less than 5% for most of the measurands. The results obtained for the certified RM BRP-1 and OU-6 were used to calculate the measurement uncertainty at the approximate 95% confidence interval. The isotope dilution technique was applied to determine Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr and Sn in some geochemical RM in use and in candidate RM, with the objective of establishing the method to contribute with new values for the analysed RM. The uncertainties of the whole analytical procedure were estimated. The results obtained show that the certified value of Cr in BRP-1 should be reviewed and confirm the need of establishing the metrological traceability during the certification of RM.
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
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Pallavicini, Nicola. "Method development for isotope analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements in environmental matrices." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59705.
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The increasing load of toxic elements entering the ecosystems, as a consequence of anthropogenic processes, has grown public awareness in the last decades, resulting in a great number of studies focusing on pollution sources, transport, distribution, interactions with living organisms and remediation. Physical/chemical processes that drive the uptake, assimilation, compartmentation and translocation of heavy metals in biota has received a great deal of attention recently, since elemental concentrations and isotopic composition in biological matrices can be used as probes of both natural and anthropogenic sources. Further they can help to evaluate fate of contaminants and to assess bioavailability of such elements in nature. While poorly defined isotopic pools, multiple sources and fractionating processes add complexity to source identification studies, tracing is hindered mainly by poorly known or unidentified fractionating factors. High precision isotope ratio measurements have found increasing application in various branches of science, from classical isotope geochronology to complex multi-tracer experiments in environmental studies. Instrumental development and refining separation schemes have allowed higher quality data to be obtained and played a major role in the recent progress of the field. The use of modern techniques such as inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for trace and ultra-trace element concentrations and isotope ratio measurements have given new opportunities. However, sources of errors must be accurately evaluated and avoided at every procedural step. Moreover, even with the utilization of sound analytical measurement protocols, source and process tracing in natural systems can be complicated further by spatial and temporal variability. The work described in the present thesis has been focused primarily on analytical method development, optimization and evaluation (including sample preparation, matrix separation, instrumental analysis and data evaluation stages) for isotopic and multi-elemental analyses in environmental samples at trace and ultra-trace levels. Special attention was paid to evaluate strengths and limitations of the methods as applied to complex natural environments, aiming at correct interpretation of isotopic results in environmental forensics. The analytical protocols covered several isotope systems of both stable (Cd, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Tl and Zn) and radiogenic (Os, Pb and Sr) elements. Paper I was dedicated to the optimization and testing of a rapid and high sample throughput method for Os concentrations and isotope measurements by ICP-SFMS. If microwave (MW) digestion followed by sample introduction to ICP-SFMS by traditional solution nebulization (SN) offered unparalleled throughput important for processing large number of samples, high-pressure ashing (HPA) combined with gas-phase introduction (GPI) proved to be advantageous for samples with low (below 500 pg) analyte content. The method was applied to a large scale bio-monitoring case, confirming accumulation of anthropogenic Os in animals from an area affected by emissions from a stainless steel foundry. The method for Cr concentrations and isotope ratios in different environmental matrices was optimized in Paper II. A coupling between a high pressure/temperature acid digestion and a one pass, single column matrix separation allowed the analysis of chromites, soils, and biological matrices (first Cr isotope study in lichens and mosses) by ICP-SFMS and MC-ICP-MS. With an overall reproducibility of 0.11‰ (2σ), the results suggested a uniform isotope composition in soil depth profiles. On the other hand a strong negative correlation found between δ53Cr and Cr concentrations in lichens and mosses indicates that airborne Cr from local anthropogenic source(s) is depleted in heavy isotopes, therefore highlighting the possibility of utilization of Cr isotopes to trace local airborne pollution source from steel foundries. Paper III describes development of high-precision Cd isotope ratio measurement by MC-ICP-MS in a variety of environmental matrices. Several digestion methods (HPA, MW, ultrawave and ashing) were tested for sample preparation, followed by analyte separation from matrix using ion-exchange chromatography. The reproducibility of the method (2σ for δ114Cd/110Cd) was found to be better than 0.1‰. The method was applied to a large number of birch leaves (n>80) collected at different locations and growth stages. Cd in birch leaves is enriched in heavier isotopes relative to the NIST SRM 3108 Cd standard with a mean δ114Cd/110Cd of 0.7‰. The fractionation is assumed to stem from sample uptake through the root system and element translocation in the plant and it exhibits profound between-tree as well as seasonal variations. The latter were compared with seasonal isotopic variations for other isotopic systems (Zn, Os, Pb) in the same trees to aid a better understanding of underlying processes. In Paper IV the number of isotope systems studied was extended to include B, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl and Zn. The analytical procedure utilized a high pressure acid digestion (UltraCLAVE), which provides complete oxidation of the organic material in biological samples, and a two-column ion-exchange separation which represents further development of the separation scheme described in Paper III. Such sample preparation ensures low blank levels, efficient separation of matrix elements, sufficiently high analyte recoveries and reasonably high sample throughput. The method was applied to a large number of biological samples (n>240) and the data obtained represent the first combined characterization of variability in isotopic composition for eight elements in leaves, needles, lichens and mushrooms collected from a geographically confined area. To further explore the reason of variability observed, soil profiles from the same area were analyzed for both concentrations and isotopic compositions of B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl and Zn in Paper V. Results of this study suggest that the observed high variability can be dependent on operationally-defined fractions (assessed by applying a modified SEP to process soil samples) and on the typology of the individual matrix analyzed (assessed through the coupling of soil profile results to those obtained for other matrices: lysimetric waters, mushrooms, litter, needles, leaves and lichens). The method development conducted in this work highlights the importance of considering all possible sources of biases/errors as well as possibility to use overlapping sample preparation schemes for multi-isotope studies. The results obtained for different environmental matrices represent a starting point for discussing the role of natural isotopic variability in isotope applications and forensics, and the importance of in-depth knowledge of the multiple parameters affecting the variability observed.
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DeBord, Joshua S. "Predicting the Geographic Origin of Heroin by Multivariate Analysis of Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratios." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3802.
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The goal of this research was to aid in the fight against the heroin and opioid epidemic by developing new methodology for heroin provenance determination and forensic sample comparison. Over 400 illicit heroin powder samples were analyzed using quadrupole and high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS) in order to measure and identify elemental contaminants useful for associating heroin samples of common origin and differentiating heroin of different geographic origins. Additionally, 198 heroin samples were analyzed by multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) to measure radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) with high-precision for heroin provenance determination, for the first time.
Supervised discriminant analysis models were constructed to predict heroin origin using elemental composition. The model was able to correctly associate 88% of the samples to their region of origin. When 87Sr/86Sr data were combined with Q-ICP-MS elemental data, the correct association of heroin samples improved to ≥90% for all groups with an average of 93% correct classification.
For forensic sample comparisons, quantitative elemental data (11 elements measured) from 120 samples, 30 from each of the four regions, were compared in order to assess the rate of discrimination (5400 total comparisons). Using a match criterion of ±3 standard deviations about the mean, only 14 of the 5400 possible comparison pairs were not discriminated resulting in a discrimination rate of 99.7%. For determining the rate of correct associations, 3 replicates of 24 duplicate samples were prepared and analyzed on separate days. Only 1 of the 24 correct pairs were not associated for a correct association rate of 95.8%. New methods for provenance determination and sample comparison are expected to be incredibly useful to intelligence agencies and law enforcement working to reduce the proliferation of heroin.
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Yu, Huimin. "Li, Hf and Os Isotope Systematics of Azores Basalts and A New Microwave Digestion Method for Os Isotopic Analysis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1322847998.
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Wiberg, Steen Tobias. "Genetic relationships and origin of the Ädelfors gold deposits in Southeastern Sweden." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67912.
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Ädelfors is situated ca 17 km east of Vetlanda, Jönköping County, in the N-S striking Trans-scandinavian igneous belt and is a part of the NE-SW striking 1.83-1.82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt emplaced during a continental subduction towards the Svecofennian continental margin. The continental arc hosts the 1.83 Ga metasedimentary Vetlanda supergroup composed of foliated metagreywacke, metasandstone and metaconglomerate. The sequence is intercalated by mafic and felsic volcanites and hosts the Cu-Au-Fe-mines at Ädelfors. Ädelfors mining field consists of ca 330 mineralized quartz veins hosting both copper, gold and iron. The iron mines Nilsson’s iron mine (NFE) and Fe-mine (FE), the copper mine Kamelen (KM) and the gold mines Brånad’s mine (BR), Adolf Fredrik’s mine (AF), Old Kron mine (GKR), Old Kolhag’s mine (GKO), Thörn mine (TH), New Galon mine (NG), Stenborg’s mine (ST), Tysk mine (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) and Fridhem (FR) have been investigated to deduce a possible genetic relation between the veins and their origin. Sulfur isotope ratios have also been conducted on pyrite from KM, AF and FE. The veins can stucturally be divided into several groups. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH and possibly NFE are striking 10-70° with a dip of 55-70°. BR, GKO and KM are striking 110-140° with a dip of 80-90° whereas TG and HS strike 90-110° dipping 85°. Fridhem, being distal to the other mines, strikes 70° and dips 80°. A chlorite-quartz-biotite-sericite-rich metapelite hosts the veins in all localities except; FR where a layered, beresitizised felsic volcanite rich in plagioclase, sericite, biotite and quartz hosts disseminated pyrite; and NFE, HS and NG which are hosted by a mafic tuffite. Quartz veins are mainly milky and equigranular, exceptions are FE with black pyrite-bearing quartz veins, cutting through the banded magnetite-metapelite and KM with its dynamically recrystallized quartz. Chlorite-, zeolite-, carbonate-, hematite-, amphibole-, kalifeldspar-, sericite-, biotite- and epidote alteration has been observed among the localities. The ore minerals are dominated by: fractured sub- to euhedral pyrite in cataclastic aggregates or selvage bands, interstitial chalcopyrite in pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, gold and sporadic chalcopyrite diseased sphalerite and arsenopyrite. Previously not reported tetradymite, staurolite, galena and Ce-monazite have also been observed. Bismuthinite and tetradymite as inclusions in pyrite were observed in AF, GKR, FR and TG. Gold was observed in AF, BR, GKR and TG as inclusions in pyrite or quartz with a Au/Ag median of 78.41. HS distinguishes itself with Au/Ag ratios of 4.66-5.25. The trace element ratios in pyrite reveal two major types of pyrite. 1) found in FE and KM (pyrite type 1) with Co/Ni ratio of 10.94, Bi/Au of 1.79, Bi/S of 0.037, Au/Ag of 11.13, S/Se of 235.96 and As/S of 0.006. 2) found in NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG and as stringers in KM4 py1 pyrite type 2) with an average Co/Ni ratio of 5.26, Bi/Au of 1.95, Bi/S of 0.031, Au/Ag of 4.19, S/Se of 0 and As/S of 0. δ34S values strengthens this grouping as KM and FE has 1,3-2,6 ‰ and AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. The following geological interpretation has been concluded: The banded iron formation in FE is the earliest mineralization and was later fractured, emplacing quartz veins with pyrite of type 1. During this event, the Cu-vein in KM was also formed. A second generation of fractures, emplaced after the Småland granitoids formed, were filled with quartz and pyrite of type 2 at mesozonal depth. This is the main stage of gold mineralization and includes NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR and TG. During this event, pyrite of type 2 was added to KM, causing recrystallizing of the quartz. HS is possibly emplaced last or altered as it is more enriched in silver. Morphology, mineralogy, alterations, mineral chemistry and sulfur isotope signatures indicates an orogenic origin of the gold-rich quartz veins at Ädelfors as well as the copper-rich vein in KM.Ädelfors ligger ca 17 km öster om Vetlanda, Jönköpings län, i det N-S strykande Transskandinaviska granit och porfyrbältet och är en del av det NÖ-SV strykande 1,83-1,82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköpingsbältet (OJB) bildad i en kontinental subduktionszon i kanten av den Svecofenniska kontinentalplattan. I denna kontinentalbåge ligger Vetlanda supergruppen som är en metasedimentär del av OJB bestående av starkt folierad 1,83 Ga metagråvacka, metasandsten och metakonglomerat med inlagringar av mafiska och felsiska vulkaniter. Ädelfors gruvfält består utav ca. 330 kvartsgångar förande mestadels guld men också koppar. Järnmineraliseringar i form av bandad järnmalm finns också i området. Geologin, mineralogin och pyritens kemiska sammansättning från järngruvorna Nilssons järngruva (NFE) och Fe-gruvan (FE), koppargruvan Kamelen (KM) och guldgruvorna Brånadsgruvan (BR), Adolf Fredriks gruva (AF), Gamla Krongruvan (GKR), Gamla Kolhagsgruvan (GKO), Thörngruvan (TH), Nya Galongruvan (NG), Stenborgs gruva (ST), Tyskgruvan (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) och Fridhem (FR) har undersökts för att finna eventuella genetiska likheter. Svavelisotopförhållande har fastställts för pyrit från AF, FE och KM. Strukturellt kan gångarna delas in i ett antal grupper. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH och möjligtvis NFE stryker 10-70° och stupar 55-70°. BR, GKO och KM stryker 110-140° och stupar 80-90° medan TG och HS stryker 90-110° och stupar 85°. Fridhem stryker 70° och stupar 80°. En klorit-kvarts-sericit-biotitrik metapelit utgör värdbergarten i alla gruvor förutom; FR där den utgörs av en beresitiserad felsisk vulkanit rik på plagioklas, sericit, biotit och kvarts med disseminerad pyrit; och NFE, HS, NG vilka har en mafisk tuffitisk moderbergart. Kvartsgångarna är mjölkvita med undantag för FE:s svarta, pyritförande kvarts vilket uppträder som sprickfyllnad i den bandade järnmalmen och är senare bildad. Kvartsen i KM är starkt dynamiskt omkristalliserad. Svag till måttlig foliation är vanlig i sidoberget med undantag av stark foliation i TG och NFE, vilka är lokaliserade i förkastningssprickor med stark kloritförskiffring av värdbergarten. Klorit-, zeolit-, karbonat-, hematit-, amfibol-, kalifältspat-, sericit-, biotit- och epidotomvandling förekommer i majoriteten av lokalerna. Malmmineralen är dominerande sprött deformerad subhedral till euhedral pyrit som kataklastiska aggregat eller band, interstitiell kopparkis i pyrit, markasit, magnetkis, guld och sporadiskt kopparkissjuk zinkblände och arsenikkis. I det här arbetet har även tetradymit, staurolit, blyglans och Ce-monazit observerats. Bismutinit och tetradymit i form av inneslutningar i pyrit observerades i AF, GKR, FR och TG. Guld observerades i AF, BR, GKR och TG som inneslutningar i pyrit eller fritt i kvarts med Au/Ag medianvärde på 78,41, avvikande är HS med värden mellan 4,66-5,25. Förhållanden mellan spårelement i pyrit indikerar två typer av pyrit. Typ 1 funnen i FE och KM har följande värden: Co/Ni = 10,94, Bi/Au = 1,79, Bi/S = 0,037, Au/Ag = 11,13, S/Se = 235,96 och As/S = 0,006. Typ 2 funnen i NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG och som sliror i KM4 py1 har följande värden Co/Ni = 5,26, Bi/Au = 1,95, Bi/S = 0,031, Au/Ag = 4,19, S/Se = 0 and As/S = 0. δ34S värden styrker denna uppdelning där KM och FE har värdena 1,3-2,6 ‰ och AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. Den geologiska utvecklingen av fältet har tolkats som följande: FE-gruvans bandade järnmalm är den tidigaste mineraliseringen vilket följs utav uppsprickning och läkning av kvarts med pyrit typ 1 som också bildar kopparmineraliseringen KM. Senare sprickzoner efter Smålandsgraniternas intrusion läks av kvarts med pyrit typ 2 på mesozonalt djup vilket bildar NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR, TG och omkristalliserar och introducerar nya pyritsliror i kvartsen i KM. HS bildas möjligtvis sist eller har blivit omvandlad eftersom den är anrikad på silver. Morfologi, omvandlingar och svavelisotop-signaturer tyder på ett orogent ursprung för Ädelfors guldrika kvartsådror samt den kopparrika kvartsådern i KM.
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Chung, Chuan-Hsiung, and 鍾全雄. "Toward High Precision Isotope and Trace Elements Analysis in River water and Coral Skeleton: Analytical Methods Development and Application." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18678805479230464774.
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博士國立成功大學
地球科學系碩博士班
97
The application of proxies to studies of past ocean chemistry requires both understanding of the systematic and limitations of the proxies, and development of appropriate analytical methodology to produce data with the accuracy, sensitivity and resolution necessary to permit reliable interpretation. The purposes of this research are to develop analytical methods for high precision and accuracy analysis of trace elements concentration and isotope rations in natural samples by advanced mass spectrometric techniques. Then apply these methods can be used to retrieve environmental information from various archives. The systematic and limitations of coral proxies is assessed by a culture experiment. For more comprehensive understanding of the element transportation from land to sea which can affect the elemental composition of coral skeleton, water chemistry of Kaoping river located on southwestern Taiwan were also studied using high precision Sr isotope and REEs data. Analytical performances of conventional microconcentric nebulizer (MCN) and thermal membrane-desolvation sample introduction systems (Aridus) were compared for determination of low concentrations of rare earth elements in surface and subsurface waters using a double focusing magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Conventional figures of merit were employed, such as REE sensitivities, limits of detection (LODs), memory effects, BaO+ and BaOH+ polyatomic ion interferences, % REE-oxide formation, matrix induced no spectroscopic interferences, long term signal variations, and recovery from spiked sea water samples and CRMs. In general abundance corrected mass distributions for the MCN were quite flat with exception of LREEs which were dependant on REE-O+ polyatomic ion generation. REE sensitivities varied from about 0.3-0.6 MCPS/ppb for 139La+, 140Ce+ and 141Pr+, and to 0.8-1 MCPS/ppb for the remainder of the REEs. In contrast, Aridus responses varied from about 3.5-4.3 MCPS/ppb i.e. signal enhancement factors of 4 to 10. LODs varied from 0.05-0.3 ppt and 0.1-0.2 ppt for the MCN and Aridus systems, respectively. Method accuracy was determined by analyzing a spiked sea water CRM NAAS-5 (1:100 v/v) with 1 µg L-1 REEs and CRM SLRS-4 using an external calibration procedure. The use of Tb with the MCN failed to compensate for LREE variations, but recoveries of MREEs and HREEs were about 95 to 100 %. With the Aridus system uncompensated recoveries were about 85 % for all REE and were about 100 % with Tb. Long term REE determinations of NRC SLRS-4 were in good agreement with the reported values indicating that very low REE concentrations can be determined directly without matrix separation and analyte preconcentration. In routine analysis operating conditions were optimized so that the measured CeO+/Ce+ ratios were less than 1 %. These conditions are obtainable using the Aridus system which was preferred for routine diagnostic REE determinations in surface and subsurface waters in Taiwan A high precision analytical method of Fe isotope measurement for low concentration samples was developed using HR-MC-ICPMS. Several parameters that may affect the accuracy and precision of 56Fe/54Fe result such as background, instrumental mass discrimination, isobaric interferences, type of introduction system and acid molarity were identified and evaluated. External precisions better than 0.04‰ for δ56Fe can be achieve using only 10ng of iron sample with APEX and X-cone as introduction system. Compare of this study and previous ones shows that significant improvement in terms of sample size was made. Only one tenth of sample amount is needed to get similar precision. This method can be applied on very low concentration samples such as coral and seawater. The systematic and limitations of coral proxies is assessed by a culture experiment to improve our understanding of the relationships between the proxies and parameters of interest. Sr/Ca variation is mainly controlled by temperature confirming that Sr/Ca ratios in coral skeletons while the kinetic effect may dominate the stable isotopic fractionations. For more comprehensive understanding of the element transportation from land to sea which can affect the elemental composition of coral skeleton, water chemistry of Kaoping river located on southwestern Taiwan were also studied using high precision Sr isotope and REEs data. The 87Sr/86Sr variations are rather large from 0.712649 to 0.713592 and show systematically decreasing ratios with distance from the coastal region. The dissolved REE patterns of the KPR at different tributaries including Laonong River, Cishan River and Baolai River show similar negative Ce anomaly and HREE enrichment. Strong positive Gd anomaly supports an anthropogenic pollution in the river. The REEs patterns may not be reflective of total weathering processes because their distinct behavior in river system. The methods developed in this study are very broad applicable techniques. The systematic assessment criteria of the analytical methodology describe in this thesis can been applied to other elemental or isotopic measurement, for instance, Nd isotope in coral skeleton which can be used to trace the terrestrial input.
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Triebold, Silke. "The geochemistry of detrital rutile - Implications for sedimentary provenance studies and the reconstruction of metamorphic conditions." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B2FE-F.
Full textBooks on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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Schneider, David L. A method for the analysis of rare earth elements in natural waters by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994.
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G, Walthall Frank, Philpotts John A, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Abundances of Li, Rb, and Sr in W-2, BCR-1, and AC-E determined by isotope dilution mass spectroscopy. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1993.
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M, Lowe Nicola, and Jackson Malcolm J, eds. Advances in isotope methods for the analysis of trace elements in man. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2001.
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Jackson, Malcolm, and Nicola Lowe. Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man. Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.
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(Editor), Malcolm Jackson, and Nicola Lowe (Editor), eds. Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man (Modern Nutrition (Boca Raton, Fla.).). CRC, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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Heumann, Klaus G. "Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." In Isotopic Analysis, 189–233. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650484.ch8.
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Van Wouwe, J. P., and R. Rodrigues Pereira. "Stable Isotope Dilution for Zinc Analysis in Low Birth Weight Infants." In Biological Trace Element Research, 344–49. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0445.ch027.
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Huo, Dengwei, H. M. “Skip” Kingston, and Bret Larget. "Chapter 10 Application of isotope dilution in elemental speciation: speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS)." In Elemental Speciation New Approach for Trace Element Analysis, 277–313. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-526x(00)80020-3.
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De Bièvre, Paul. "Chapter 8 Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)." In Trace Element Analysis in Biological Specimens, 169–83. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70150-1.
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Reimold, Wolf Uwe, Toni Schulz, Stephan König, Christian Koeberl, Natalia Hauser, Dschamilja Wannek, and Ralf-Thomas Schmitt. "Genesis of the mafic granophyre of the Vredefort impact structure (South Africa): Implications of new geochemical and Se and Re-Os isotope data." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(09).
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ABSTRACT This contribution is concerned with the debated origin of the impact melt rock in the central uplift of the world’s largest confirmed impact structure—Vredefort (South Africa). New major- and trace-element abundances, including those of selected highly siderophile elements (HSEs), Re-Os isotope data, as well as the first Se isotope and Se-Te elemental systematics are presented for the felsic and mafic varieties of Vredefort impact melt rock known as “Vredefort Granophyre.” In addition to the long-recognized “normal” (i.e., felsic, >66 wt% SiO2) granophyre variety, a more mafic (<66 wt% SiO2) impact melt variety from Vredefort has been discussed for several years. The hypothesis that the mafic granophyre was formed from felsic granophyre through admixture (assimilation) of a mafic country rock component that then was melted and assimilated into the superheated impact melt has been pursued here by analysis of the two granophyre varieties, of the Dominion Group lava (actually metalava), and of epidiorite mafic country rock types. Chemical compositions, including high-precision isotope dilution–derived concentrations of selected highly siderophile elements (Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Se, Te), and Re-Os and Se isotope data support this hypothesis. A first-order estimate, based on these data, suggests that some mafic granophyre may have resulted from a significant admixture (assimilation) of epidiorite to felsic granophyre. This is in accordance with the findings of an earlier investigation using conventional isotope (Sr-Nd-Pb) data. Moreover, these outcomes are in contrast to a two-stage emplacement model for Vredefort Granophyre, whereby a mafic phase of impact melt, derived by differentiation of a crater-filling impact melt sheet, would have been emplaced into earlier-deposited felsic granophyre. Instead, all chemical and isotopic evidence so far favors formation of mafic granophyre by local assimilation of mafic country rock—most likely epidiorite—by a single intrusive impact melt phase, which is represented by the regionally homogeneous felsic granophyre.
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Abrams, Steven, and Leslie Woodhouse. "Advances in Stable-isotope Methodology." In Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man, 1–22. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036718.ch1.
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"Advances in Stable-isotope Methodology." In Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man, 23–44. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036718-4.
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Harvey, L., S. Fairweather-Tait, T. Fox, B. Teucher, and J. Dainty. "Methods for Analysis of Trace-element Absorption." In Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man, 59–80. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036718.ch4.
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"Methods for Analysis of Trace-element Absorption." In Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man, 81–102. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036718-7.
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Lowe, Nicola, Malcolm Jackson, and Catherine Jack. "Stable-isotope Studies in the Elderly." In Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man, 187–91. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036718.ch12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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de Villiers, Johan P. R., Noko Ngoepe, James Roberts, and Alison S. Tuling. "Evaluation of the Phase Composition, Crystallinity and Trace Isotope Variation of SiC in Experimental TRISO Coated Particles." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58208.
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The silicon carbide layers in experimental TRISO coated particles with zirconia kernels were evaluated for their phase composition, their impurity levels and the crystal perfection and twinning of the crystallites in the layers. This evaluation was necessary to compare the different SiC layers and to relate these properties to various quality tests and ultimately to manufacturing parameters in the CVD coater. Identification of the various polytypes was done using electron diffraction methods. This is the only method for the unequivocal identification of the different polytypes. The 3C, and 6H polytypes were positively identified. A feature of the SiC in some samples is the disordered nature of the phase. The disorder is characterised by planar defects, of different width and periodicity, giving rise to streaking in the diffraction pattern along the [111] direction of the 3C polytype. Polarised light microscopy in transmission is a useful tool to easily distinguish between the cubic (beta) and non-cubic (alpha) SiC in the layers. It also provides valuable information about the distribution of these phases in the layers. Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the distribution of Si in the SiC layers of the different samples. Two samples contain elevated levels of Si, of the order of 50%, with the highest levels on the inside of the layers. The elevated Si levels also occur in most of the other samples, albeit at lower Si levels. This was also confirmed by use of SEM electron backscatter analysis. Rietveld analysis using X-ray diffraction is presently the only reliable method to quantify the polytypes in the SiC layer. It was found that the SiC layer consists predominantly (82% to 94%) of the 3C polytype, with minor amounts of the 6H and 8H polytypes. Impurities in the SiC and PyC could be measured with sufficient sensitivity using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The SiC and PyC layers are easily located from the intensity of the C13 and Si29 signals. In most cases the absolute values are of less concern than the variation of impurities in the samples. Elevated levels of the transition elements Cu, Ni, Co, Cr and Zn are present erratically in some samples. These elements, together with Ag107 and Ag109, correlate positively, indicating impurities, even metallic particles. Elevated levels of these transition elements are also present at the SiC/OPyC (Outer Pyrolytic Carbon) interface. The reasons for this are unknown at this stage. NIST standards were used to calibrate the impurity levels in the coated particles. These average from 1 to 18 ppm for some isotopes.
Reports on the topic "Trace elements. Isotope dilution analysis"
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Pyon, K. H., D. A. Kracko, and M. R. Strunk. An isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for trace analysis of xylene and its metabolites in tissues following threshold limit value exposures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381363.
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