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1
Samokhvalova, V. L., O. V. Mangryka, A. I. Fateev, and V. M. Gorjakina. "Patent-information support for assessing the environmental status of the soil." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 1-2 (January 27, 2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041504.
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Innovative (patent information research, elaboration of new methods and their implementation) and environmental management, the using of human-contaminated soils, soil protection against pollution and its prevention are the basic directions of the strategic management of soil resources. In conditions of intensive anthropogenic pressure the assessment of the ecological status of soils is an important factor, which reduces the risks of soil degradation and to propose ways to restore their productive and ecological functions on the further development of functional - ecological approach in soil science (Dobrovolsky, Nikitin, 1986, 1996). Therefore, urgent and important in theoretical and practical aspect is the elaboration of new technical decisions (methods) of soil quality assessment to create conditions to improve and to prevent the reduction of the level of productivity of soils and plants, the deterioration of their quality. The purpose of the investigations – the analysis of information sources existing patent information base of Ukraine and Russia on the issue of the environmental assessment of soils and perform patent research. Tasks perform patent research: the technical level of the object; analysis of scientific and technical activities leading developers; studying trends existing way to do that; techno-economic analysis of technical solutions/inventions that meet the objectives of the development; the study of the newness and novelty of the developed object and its constituent parts; investigated of the feasibility of its legal protection. It was considered the features of assessment of the soils environmental status in the investigation of the current patent-information database in Ukraine and Russia, components of which are developed new technical decisions. It was reviewed the providing patent information to assess the ecological status of both contaminated and uncontaminated soils. By analysis it was found that the patent-information support of Ukraine and Russia relative to existing methods of soils ecological status assessment is presented by the following ways: the ways of assessing of the soils research background concentrations, mobile, gross or water-soluble forms of trace elements and heavy metals; estimates based on bioassay and bioindication in combination with chemical analytical measurement indicators; comprehensive and expert evaluation of the properties of soils and its contamination; assessment of soil quality, considering the physical, physic-chemical and others properties; assessment of soil pollution using GIS technology, etc. The technical result of the developed methods is to improve the objectivity of assessment of changing soil quality and accuracy of the expert-analytical assessments of functional suitability of soils certain territory to growing different crops on a permanent or constant impact factor of pollution; for zoning for maximum efficiency use of different methods, methods of remediation of contaminated soils or soil improvers of different nature and micronutrients using to optimize the trace element status of soil and plants, soil quality; to evaluate the effectiveness of the testing results of the elaborated technical decisions in different soil-climatic zones.
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Singh, Bal Ram. "Trace element availability to plants in agricultural soils, with special emphasis on fertilizer inputs." Environmental Reviews 2, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-009.
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Fertilizers, along with atmospheric deposition, are believed to contribute more than all other factors to the trace element burden of cultivated soils. This review will discuss trace elements in commercial fertilizer in relation to their transfer to soil–plant systems. Also, background levels in soils and the concentrations of trace elements in soils, phosphate rocks, and commercial fertilizers will be presented. Results from several short and long-term experiments indicated that the application of phosphate fertilizers to agricultural soils generally resulted in an increase of trace elements in soils and that the increase was most pronounced for Cd. The corresponding increase in plants was quite variable, ranging from no increase at all to a significant increase. The concentration of trace elements in plant species also showed a wide variation. The distribution and partitioning of trace elements among chemical associations in soils varied considerably for different elements. The highest percentage of Cd in soils, as estimated by sequential extraction, was associated with exchangeable fractions (25–41%), but the highest fraction of Zn (47%) was associated with resistant minerals. Uptake of trace elements by plants and solubility and mobility of these elements in the soil were affected to a greater extent by the plant species grown and soil pH, organic matter, and soil texture. Soil pH showed a significant but inverse relationship with the concentrations of most of the trace elements in plants. The addition of organic matter generally immobilized the trace elements in soils and caused reduction in plant uptake of most elements. A considerable proportion (up to 50%) of the total uptake of trace elements, and especially of Cd, was a result of atmospheric deposition. Ecological implications of contaminants in fertilizers and the resultant need for research are described.Key words: accumulation in soils, fertilizers, plant availability, soil properties, trace elements.
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Wang, Juan, and Zheng Hai Wang. "Trace Elements Geochemistry of Soil-Plant System in Puxiong Lead-Zinc Mining Area, Yunnan, China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.239.
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This study aims to obtain an overview of trace elements concentrations in rocks, soils and plants from Puxiong lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, China, and analyze the connection as well. Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Sn, Ni and Sr among soils, rocks and three dominant plants in mining area, transition area and background were measured. Ratio parameter, bioconcentration factors (BF) and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between these elements in different feature. The results indicate that rocks, soils and plants samples are all characterized by high concentrations of Pb, Zn and other associated elements in Puxiong lead-zinc mining area. Geochemistry of trace elements concentrations from rocks to soils, then to plants presents obvious characters of inheritance and variability. Whats more, three dominant plants are same in high concentration of Mn and low concentration of Cd, Hg, Co, but are huge different in bio-concentration factors.
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Nworie, Obinna, Junhao Qin, and Chuxia Lin. "Trace Element Uptake by Herbaceous Plants from the Soils at a Multiple Trace Element-Contaminated Site." Toxics 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7010003.
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The uptake of trace elements by wild herbaceous plants in a multiple trace element-contaminated site was investigated. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) of trace elements was markedly variable among the different plant species. On average, the BF for various trace elements was in the following decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > As > Pb > Cr. The translocation factor among the investigated plant species was also considerably variable and showed the following decreasing order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > As > Pb. Several hyperaccumulating plants were identified: Artemisia vulgaris for As, Mn and Zn, Phalaris arundinacea for Mn and Ni, Heracleum sphondylium for Cr and Zn, and Bistorta officinalis for Mn and Zn. The marked accumulation of trace elements in the plant tissue suggests that the site may not be suitable for urban agricultural production. The plant tissue-borne trace elements could affect microbial activities and consequently interfere with the ecosystem functioning in the affected areas.
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Marchi, Giuliano, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, and Andrew C. Chang. "Plant availability of trace elements in sewage sludge-treated soils: methodology¹." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 4 (August 2011): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000400039.
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Synthetic root exudates were formulated based on the organic acid composition of root exudates derived from the rhizosphere of aseptically grown corn plants, pH of the rhizosphere, and the background chemical matrices of the soil solutions. The synthetic root exudates, which mimic the chemical conditions of the rhizosphere environment where soil-borne metals are dissolved and absorbed by plants, were used to extract metals from sewage-sludge treated soils 16 successive times. The concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Cu of the sludge-treated soil were 71.74, 0.21, 15.90, 58.12, and 37.44 mg kg-1, respectively. The composition of synthetic root exudates consisted of acetic, butyric, glutaric, lactic, maleic, propionic, pyruvic, succinic, tartaric, and valeric acids. The organic acid mixtures had concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mol L-1 -COOH. The trace elements removed by successive extractions may be considered representative for the availability of these metals to plants in these soils. The chemical speciation of the metals in the liquid phase was calculated; results showed that metals in sludge-treated soils were dissolved and formed soluble complexes with the different organic acid-based root exudates. The most reactive organic acid ligands were lactate, maleate, tartarate, and acetate. The inorganic ligands of chloride and sulfate played insignificant roles in metal dissolution. Except for Cd, free ions did not represent an important chemical species of the metals in the soil rhizosphere. As different metals formed soluble complexes with different ligands in the rhizosphere, no extractor, based on a single reagent would be able to recover all of the potentially plant-available metals from soils; the root exudate-derived organic acid mixtures tested in this study may be better suited to recover potentially plant-available metals from soils than the conventional extractors.
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Jiménez, María Noelia, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Francisco Bruno Navarro, Mauro Casti, and Emilia Fernández-Ondoño. "Native Plant Capacity for Gentle Remediation in Heavily Polluted Mines." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041769.
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The use of plant species to stabilize and accumulate trace elements in contaminated soils is considered of great usefulness given the difficulty of decontaminating large areas subjected to mining for long periods. In this work, the bioaccumulation of trace elements is studied by relating the concentrations in leaves and roots of three plants of Mediterranean distribution (Dittrichia viscosa, Cistus salviifolius, Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii) with the concentrations of trace elements in contaminated and uncontaminated soils. Furthermore, in the case of D. viscosa, to know the concentration of each element by biomass, the pool of trace elements was determined both in the aerial part and in the roots. The bioaccumulation factor was not high enough in any of the species studied to be considered as phytoextractors. However, species like the ones studied in this work that live on soils with a wide range of concentration of trace elements and that develop a considerable biomass could be considered for stabilization of contaminated soils. The plant species studied in this work are good candidates for gentle-remediation options in the polluted Mediterranean.
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Ali, Omar, Adesh Ramsubhag, and Jayaraj Jayaraman. "Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030531.
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The use of seaweed-based bioproducts has been gaining momentum in crop production systems owing to their unique bioactive components and effects. They have phytostimulatory properties that result in increased plant growth and yield parameters in several important crop plants. They have phytoelicitor activity as their components evoke defense responses in plants that contribute to resistance to several pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, and cold. This is often linked to the upregulation of important defense-related genes and pathways in the plant system, priming the plant defenses against future attacks. They also evoke phytohormonal responses due to their specific components and interaction with plant growth regulation. Treatment by seaweed extracts and products also causes significant changes in the microbiome components of soil and plant in support of sustainable plant growth. Seaweed extracts contain a plethora of substances which are mostly organic, but trace levels of inorganic nutrient elements are also present. Fractionation of seaweed extracts into their components and their respective bioassays, however, has not yielded favorable growth effects. Only the whole seaweed extracts have been consistently proven to be very effective, which highlights the role of multiple components and their complex interactive effects on plant growth processes. Since seaweed extracts are highly organic, they are ideally suited for organic farming and environmentally sensitive crop production. They are also very compatible with other crop inputs, paving the way for an integrated management approach geared towards sustainability. The current review discusses the growth and functional effects evoked by seaweed extracts and their modes and mechanisms of action in crop plants which are responsible for elicitor and phytostimulatory activities. The review further analyses the potential value of seaweed extracts in integrated crop management systems towards sustainable crop production.
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Azarenko, Yu A. "Trace elements in the system “soil-plants” and optimization of their use in agrocenoses of the Omsk Irtysh Land." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2102-05.
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The data on the content and reserves of trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, B) in soils, reveals patterns of their distribution and quantitative characteristics of relationships in the “soil-plants” system in agrocenoses of the Omsk Irtysh Land have been systematized in the article. The assessment of trace elements in soils and plants has been carried out from the ecological and agrochemical positions. The peculiarities of the intake and accumulation of trace elements in plants depending on zonal soil and climatic conditions have been revealed. Indicators for evaluating the potential of trace elements entering plants have been proposed, and its comparison for diff erent trace elements in the “soil-microfertilizerplant” system has been given. The use of this indicator in calculating and normalizing fertilizer doses and predicting the accumulation of trace elements in plants has been justified. The regularities of the distribution and shape of boron in diff erent types of soils of saline complexes have been studied. For the fi rst time a comprehensive assessment of the effect of high boron concentrations on crop productivity was carried out. A system of indicators for diagnosing the toxic eff ect of the element on plants and a scale of their borostability has been developed. The factors affecting the intake of boron in plants and their resistance to excess of the element have been revealed. Quantitative parameters of the eff ect of chemical reclamation on the boron content in the “soil-meliorant-plants” system have been obtained. The scheme of soil-geochemical zoning of the territory of the Omsk region reflecting the availability of trace elements in the soil has been developed. New data on the availability of trace elements in the main arable soils of the surveyed territory have been presented. The values of optimal levels of trace elements for agricultural crops were corrected. The economic and bioenergetic effi ciency of methods for optimizing plant nutrition with trace elements under the environments of agrocenoses of the Omsk Irtysh Land have been revealed.
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Bernal, María Pilar, Donatella Grippi, and Rafael Clemente. "Potential of the Biomass of Plants Grown in Trace Element-Contaminated Soils under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions for Bioenergy Production." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091750.
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Phytomanagement of trace element-contaminated soils combines sustainable soil remediation with the use of plant biomass for different applications. Consequently, phytostabilization using plant species useful for bioenergy production has recently received increasing attention. However, the water requirement of most of these species is a limitation for their use under Mediterranean climatic conditions. In this work, eight plant species growing naturally in mine soils contaminated by trace elements were evaluated for their use as bioenergy crops using thermochemical (combustion) and biochemical (anaerobic digestion) methods. The higher heating values of the biomass of the plants studied were all within a narrow range (16.03–18.75 MJ kg−1), while their biochemical methane potentials ranged from 86.0 to 227.4 mL CH4 (g VS)−1. The anaerobic degradation was not influenced by the presence of trace elements in the plants, but the mineral content (mainly Na) negatively affected the potential thermal energy released by combustion (HHV). The highest annual energy yields from biogas or combustion could be obtained by the cultivation of Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, followed by Piptatherum miliaceum. Both options can be considered to be suitable final destinations for the biomass obtained in the phytostabilization of trace element-contaminated soils and may contribute to the implementation of these remediation techniques in Mediterranean areas.
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Campos, Paloma, and José María De la Rosa. "Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 6025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156025.
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Soil contamination with trace elements is an important and global environmental concern. This study examined the potential of biochars derived from rice husk (RHB), olive pit (OPB), and a certified biochar produced from wood chips (CWB) to immobilize copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) in aqueous solution to avoid its leaching and in a pot experiment with acidic Xerofluvent soils multicontaminated with trace elements. After assessing the adsorption potential of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution of the three studied biochars, the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants was monitored on polluted soils amended with the same biochars, to determine their capability to boost plant growth in a soil contaminated with several trace elements. RHB and CWB removed the maximum amounts of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution in the adsorption experiment. The adsorption capacity increased with initial metal concentrations for all biochars. The efficiency in the adsorption of cationic metals by biochars was clearly affected by biochar chemical properties, whereas total specific surface area seemed to not correlate with the adsorption capacity. Among the isotherm models, the Langmuir model was in the best agreement with the experimental data for both cations for CWB and RHB. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ was 30.77 and 58.82 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively, and of Pb2+ was 19.34 and 77.52 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively. The application of 5% of RHB and CWB to the acidic polluted soils improved soil physico-chemical properties, which permitted the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants. RHB and CWB have been shown to be effective for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+, and the results obtained regarding plant development in the soils contaminated with trace elements indicated that the soil amendments have promising potential for the recovery of land polluted with heavy metals.
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ALMEIDA, LORENA GABRIELA, ADELCIO DE PAULA JORGE, EDER MARCOS DA SILVA, PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES, HUGO RAFAEL BENTZEN SANTOS, MÁRCIO ESPINOSA DE FARIAS, and LUIZ ROBERTO GUIMARÃES GUILHERME. "GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES ON CORN PLANTS CULTIVATED IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH CADMIUM AND ZINC." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n2p193-203.
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Contamination with trace elements is characterized by an abiotic stress that represents a limiting factor in agricultural production. As cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) are physically and chemically similar, they can interact with the environment, causing antagonistic or synergistic effects. In this sense, physiological mechanisms to exclude detoxify or compartmentalize the excess of those trace elements is crucial for the survival of the vegetables when they are exposed to high concentrations of those elements. To comprehend the responses of the species sensible to the presence of Cd and Zn, this study aims to access the behavior of corn plants (Zea mays) cultivated in Cambisoils and Latosol with growing concentrations of Cd/Zn in a 21 days period. We performed growth and biochemical analyzes like antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activity, hydrogen peroxide and lipidic peroxidation. Our data showed the specific behavior of cultivated corn plant in each of the soils analyzed. We observed that the interaction between both the elements resulted in a synergistic effect, negatively influencing all the analyzed parameters.
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VIJAYAN, V., and S. N. BEHERA. "TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FLY ASH BY PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 09, no. 03n04 (January 1999): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083599000528.
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Fly ash is a major component of solid material generated by the coal-fired thermal power plants. In India the total amount of fly ash produced per annum is around 100 million tonnes. Fly ash has a great potential for utilization in making industrial products such as cement, bricks as well as building materials, besides being used as a soil conditioner and a provider of micro nutrients in agriculture. However, given the large amount of fly ash that accumulate at thermal power plants, their possible reuse and dispersion and mobilization into the environment of the various elements depend on climate, soils, indigenous vegetation and agriculture practices. Fly ash use in agriculture improved various physico-chemical properties of soil, particularly the water holding capacity, porosity and available plant nutrients. However it is generally apprehended that the application of large quantity of fly ash in fields may affect the plant growth and soil texture. Hence there is a need to characterize trace elements of fly ash. The results of trace element analysis of fly ash and pond ash samples collected from major thermal power plants of India by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) have been discussed.
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Maisonnave, V., M. Montréjaud-Vignoles, C. Bonnin, and J. C. Revel. "Impact on crops, plants and soils of metal trace elements transfer and flux, after spreading of fertilizers and biosolids." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 10 (November 1, 2002): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0335.
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In France, the yearly production of sludge from wastewater treatment plants is 900,000 metric tons dry matter and 60% of this is reused for land application. Today, the sustainability of this pathway is open to question. Among the different arguments cited are the levels of metal trace elements and the risks of accumulation in soils. With the ultimate aim of agronomic sludge recycling, the transfer of metal trace elements has been studied using vegetation containers planted with rye-grass under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Samples of a domestic sludge, an industrial sludge and a fertilizer have been mixed with the soil. By monitoring the growth of the rye-grass, we have been able to observe that the addition of sludge increases production of plant matter. It appears that the roots absorb higher quantities of metal trace elements and form a barrier to their transfer to the above ground parts of the rye-grass. For the group of metal trace elements studied, no significant differences have been observed between the rye-grass grown on soil alone and that on soils amended with fertilizer or urban sludge. For the majority of the vegetation containers studied, there has been no significant modification in the soil metal distribution over time, as a result of the addition of urban sludge, and no significant difference between fertilizers and sludges.
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Galchenko, A. V., and A. M. Nazarova. "ESSENTIAL TRACE AND ULTRA TRACE ELEMENTS IN NUTRITION OF VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS. PART 2. IODINE, SELENIUM, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, COBALT." Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) 21, no. 2 (2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-2-13-22.
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In addition to the inhibitory effect of phytic and oxalic acids, other factors also affect the provision of vegans and vegetarians with essential elements. Selenium comes predominantly from plant products. However, its content in plants depends on the concentration in soils, which varies considerably in different regions. The source of iodine is seafood. Studies show that all food groups are at high risk of iodine deficiency, but vegans and vegetarians are at greater. In addition, remoteness from the seacoast and the properties of agricultural soils also play a role in the status of iodine in the body. Currently, many countries are taking steps to prevent iodine deficiency (food fortification). Cobalt is part of vitamin B12, an essential micronutrient deficient in vegans and often even in vegetarians. In addition, cobalt is also a cofactor of other molecules. However, to date, data on the prevalence of cobalt deficiency is not enough for analysis. There is not enough information about the prevalence of molybdenum deficiency.
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Buskunova, G. G., R. F. Khasanova, I. N. Semenova, and G. R. Ilbulova. "The Heavy Metals in the System "Soil as a Wild-growing Medicinal Plant" on the Example of Tanacetum Vulgare L." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-7-37-41.
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The features of the accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials Tanacetum vulgare L. in the conditions of the Trans-Urals region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are discussed. The variation-statistical indices of the content of heavy metals in soils and in plants are calculated. Soils and plants have high coefficients of heavy metals variation, with the exception of manganese in the soil, which is characterized by moderate variability. An increased level of heavy metals mobile forms, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, has been detected in all soil samples. All selected samples had an elevated level of mobile forms. According to the degree of contamination, the studied soils were classified as permissible. In tansy plants, the concentration of trace elements-biophiles exceeded the norm in Fe 1.7–6.24, in Cd 1.3–1.7 times, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb in the aboveground and underground parts of the species remained within the normal range. It is revealed that the root system of Tanacetum vulgare L. contains higher values of the studied elements than the aerial parts. According to the intensity of absorption, the elements are arranged in the following sequence: Zn → Cd → Cu → Fe → Mn → Pb. According to the coefficient of biological accumulation in tansy, ordinary zinc and iron belong to the elements of weak accumulation, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium –to the elements of weak capture.
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Arévalo-Hernández, César O., Adailton L. Nascimento Junior, Arlicelio P. Queiroz, Eduardo Gross, and Luciano da S. Souza. "Exploratory analysis of trace elements in soils and plants affected by a gossan in the Semiarid." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 2 (February 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p139-145.
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ABSTRACT Trace elements in high concentrations are a huge problem worldwide. Monitoring of natural areas with a high concentration of these elements, such as soils under the influence of gossans, is important since there is little information available. This study aimed to evaluate the pseudo total and available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the soil and its accumulation in native and cultivated plants in the area under the influence of gossan in the Semiarid region in Brazil. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in the North, South, and center areas of the gossan and five transections separated by 1000 m. The pseudo total (EPA3050A) and available concentration (DTPA, Mehlich) of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined. In the same points, plant samples were collected and processed to determine the concentration and bioconcentration factor of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Soils under the influence of the gossan had high Pb and Zn concentration (exceeding soil reference values), indicating that care should be taken in these areas to prevent any risk for the local community. Plants showed different accumulation patterns, with a higher accumulation of trace elements in the shoot (Fe, Mn, Zn), while Pb was primarily accumulated in the roots. Even though soil concentrations were high, plants showed in general, low bioconcentration factor of the potentially toxic elements, except for Zn, indicating that soil conditions limit their availability.
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Arévalo-Hernández, César O., Adailton L. Nascimento Junior, Arlicelio P. Queiroz, Eduardo Gross, and Luciano da S. Souza. "Exploratory analysis of trace elements in soils and plants affected by a gossan in the Semiarid." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 2 (February 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p139-145.
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ABSTRACT Trace elements in high concentrations are a huge problem worldwide. Monitoring of natural areas with a high concentration of these elements, such as soils under the influence of gossans, is important since there is little information available. This study aimed to evaluate the pseudo total and available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the soil and its accumulation in native and cultivated plants in the area under the influence of gossan in the Semiarid region in Brazil. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in the North, South, and center areas of the gossan and five transections separated by 1000 m. The pseudo total (EPA3050A) and available concentration (DTPA, Mehlich) of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined. In the same points, plant samples were collected and processed to determine the concentration and bioconcentration factor of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Soils under the influence of the gossan had high Pb and Zn concentration (exceeding soil reference values), indicating that care should be taken in these areas to prevent any risk for the local community. Plants showed different accumulation patterns, with a higher accumulation of trace elements in the shoot (Fe, Mn, Zn), while Pb was primarily accumulated in the roots. Even though soil concentrations were high, plants showed in general, low bioconcentration factor of the potentially toxic elements, except for Zn, indicating that soil conditions limit their availability.
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LAX, K. "Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden." Agricultural and Food Science 14, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/1459606054224165.
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Results from the biogeochemical mapping (roots of aquatic plants and Fontinalis antipyretica) conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) reflects the metal load of surface waters draining acid sulphate (AS) soils in Sweden. In this study, results from the biogeochemical, soil geochemical and Quaternary mapping programmes at SGU were used to investigate the impact of fine-grained deposits hosting AS soils on stream water trace element chemistry in two separate areas. In the area around Lake Mälaren, postglacial sediments contain the highest levels of most trace elements studied. Owing to the low pH of AS soils and subsequent leaching, levels of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), sulphur (S), yttrium (Y), uranium (U), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) were significantly elevated in aquatic roots. Levels were lower in the Skellefteå area, which may be explained by lower concentrations in source deposits. Concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were normal or impoverished in biogeochemical samples from postglacial, finegrained sediment areas. Maps based on ratios (Ni:Pb or Y:Pb) in biogeochemical samples can, together with results from Quaternary mapping, be used to predict areas with AS soils in Sweden.;
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Martínez-Alcalá, Isabel, Rafael Clemente, and María Pilar Bernal. "Interactions between the Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and Brassica juncea or Lupinus albus for Phytoextraction." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091367.
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Trace-element-contaminated soils cause environmental concern and represent a source of contamination for surrounding areas. Phytoremediation uses plants to diminish the environmental risks associated with this contamination. When the final aim is the extraction of the pollutants, this technique requires the use of plants that are able to accumulate high concentrations of the target elements in their aerial part, while producing high plant biomass. Here, pot experiments were carried out in order to determine the interaction between a hyperaccumulator (Nocaea caerulescens) and a metal excluder (Lupinus albus) or an accumulator (Brassica juncea) species regarding their trace element accumulation/exclusion capacity when sharing the rhizosphere. The plants were grown alone or were cocultivated in soils with different levels of trace element contamination. The Zn concentration in N. caerulescens plants was lower in cocultivation with B. juncea than when they were grown alone, indicating competition between the two species for Zn uptake. Contrastingly, when grown with L. albus, the Zn concentrations in N. caerulescens plants were higher than when grown alone. Therefore, under climatic conditions adequate for N. caerulescens growth, cocultivation with L. albus could favor Zn phytoextraction, while in the case of B. juncea, crop rotation rather than cocultivation is recommended for efficient phytoextraction.
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Schmidt, Michael P., Steven D. Mamet, Richard A. Ferrieri, Derek Peak, and Steven D. Siciliano. "From the Outside in: An Overview of Positron Imaging of Plant and Soil Processes." Molecular Imaging 19 (January 1, 2020): 153601212096640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012120966405.
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Positron-emitting nuclides have long been used as imaging agents in medical science to spatially trace processes non-invasively, allowing for real-time molecular imaging using low tracer concentrations. This ability to non-destructively visualize processes in real time also makes positron imaging uniquely suitable for probing various processes in plants and porous environmental media, such as soils and sediments. Here, we provide an overview of historical and current applications of positron imaging in environmental research. We highlight plant physiological research, where positron imaging has been used extensively to image dynamics of macronutrients, signalling molecules, trace elements, and contaminant metals under various conditions and perturbations. We describe how positron imaging is used in porous soils and sediments to visualize transport, flow, and microbial metabolic processes. We also address the interface between positron imaging and other imaging approaches, and present accompanying chemical analysis of labelled compounds for reviewed topics, highlighting the bridge between positron imaging and complementary techniques across scales. Finally, we discuss possible future applications of positron imaging and its potential as a nexus of interdisciplinary biogeochemical research.
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Saran, Anabel, Valeria Imperato, Lucia Fernandez, Panos Gkorezis, Jan d’Haen, Luciano Jose Merini, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Sofie Thijs. "Phytostabilization of Polluted Military Soil Supported by Bioaugmentation with PGP-Trace Element Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Helianthus petiolaris." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020204.
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Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are major environmental pollutants, and the accumulation of these elements in soils and plants is of great concern in agricultural production due to their toxic effects on crop growth. Also, these elements can enter into the food chain and severely affect human and animal health. Bioaugmentation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can contribute to an environmentally friendly and effective remediation approach by improving plant survival and promoting element phytostabilization or extraction under such harsh conditions. We isolated and characterised Pb and Cd-tolerant root-associated bacteria from Helianthus petiolaris growing on a Pb/Cd polluted soil in order to compose inoculants that can promote plant growth and also ameliorate the phytostabilization or phytoextraction efficiency. One hundred and five trace element-tolerant rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains belonging to eight different genera were isolated from the aromatic plant species Helianthus petiolaris. Most of the strains showed multiple PGP-capabilities, ability to immobilise trace elements on their cell wall, and promotion of seed germination. Bacillus paramycoides ST9, Bacillus wiedmannii ST29, Bacillus proteolyticus ST89, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans ST30, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans ST54 and Methylobacterium sp. ST85 were selected to perform bioaugmentation assays in greenhouse microcosms. After 2 months, seedlings of sunflower (H. annuus) grown on polluted soil and inoculated with B. proteolyticus ST89 produced 40% more biomass compared to the non-inoculated control plants and accumulated 20 % less Pb and 40% less Cd in the aboveground plant parts. In contrast, B. paramycoides ST9 increased the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Pb three times and of Cd six times without inhibiting plant growth. Our results indicate that, depending on the strain, bioaugmentation with specific beneficial bacteria can improve plant growth and either reduce trace element mobility or enhance plant trace element uptake.
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Almuktar, Suhad A. A. A. N., Suhail N. Abed, Miklas Scholz, and Vincent C. Uzomah. "Assessment of Capsicum annuum L. Grown in Controlled and Semi-Controlled Environments Irrigated with Greywater Treated by Floating Wetland Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091817.
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Accumulation of trace elements, including heavy metals, were evaluated in soil and fruits of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under both laboratory-controlled and semi-controlled greenhouse location conditions. Chilli plant biomass growth in different development stages and fruit productivity were evaluated and compared with each other for the impact of growth boundary conditions and water quality effects. Treated synthetic greywaters by different operational design set-ups of floating treatment wetland systems were recycled for watering chillies in both locations. Effluents of each individual group of treatment set-up systems were labelled to feed sets of three replicates of chilli plants in both locations. Results revealed that the treated synthetic greywater (SGW) complied with thresholds for irrigation water, except for high concentrations (HC) of phosphates, total suspended soils, and some trace elements, such as cadmium. Chilli plants grew in both locations with different growth patterns in each development stage. First blooming and high counts of flowers were observed in the laboratory. Higher fruit production was noted for greenhouse plants: 2266 chilli fruits with a total weight of 16.824 kg with an expected market value of GBP 176.22 compared to 858 chilli fruits from the laboratory with a weight of 3.869 kg and an estimated price of GBP 17.61. However, trace element concentrations were detected in chilli fruits with the ranking order of occurrence as: Mg > Ca > Na > Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > B. The highest concentrations of accumulated Cd (3.82 mg/kg), Cu (0.56 mg/kg), and Na (0.56 mg/kg) were recorded in chilli fruits from the laboratory, while greater accumulations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni with concentrations of 4.73, 1.30, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively, were linked to fruits from the greenhouse. Trace elements in chilli plant soils followed the trend: Mg > Fe > Al > Cr > Mn > Cd > Cu > B. The accumulated concentrations in either chilli fruits or the soil were above the maximum permissible thresholds, indicating the need for water quality improvements.
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CUNHA, MARIA DO CARMO LIMA E., JORGE ERNESTO DE ARAUJO MARIATH, EGYDIO MENEGOTTO, and MILTON LUIZ LAQUINTINIE FORMOSO. "Diagnose de Microbiólitos Metálicos em Espécies Vegetais Endêmicas em Solos de Rochas Ultramáficas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura." Pesquisas em Geociências 31, no. 1 (June 30, 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.19563.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate by SEM the presence of crystalline forms of noble metals in dehydrated tissues of Scutia buxifolia (Rhamnaceae), Scoparia montevidensis (Scrophulariaceae) and Adiantopsis cf. chlorophylla (Pteridaceae), a endemic vegetation on ultramafic soils from Pedras Pretas, São Sepé, southermost Brazil. Chemical composition of rocks, soils and ash plants were also determined by ICP-MS. The rocks and soils from Pedras Pretas show the expected geochemical pattern of ultramafic ones. Despite the low concentrations of some trace elements and noble metals in ash plants, the BSE images obtained by electron microprobe reveal the presence of semicrystals of Au, Pt, and Ag, besides Ni, Cr, Fe and Ca in xilem parenchyma cells from the species concerned. These preliminary data show the necessity of combination of mineralogical with biogeochemical and physiological investigations in order to demonstrate the importance of these plants in forming biominerals. Moreover, studies about metallic concentrations in plant tissues can contribute to the comprehension of detoxication mechanisms of plants that can be applied for phytoremediation purposes.
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Ogundola, Adijat Funke, Callistus Bvenura, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Nutrient and Antinutrient Compositions and Heavy Metal Uptake and Accumulation inS. nigrumCultivated on Different Soil Types." Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5703929.
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Solanum nigrumcultivated on different soil texture types, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, and control soils, were evaluated for proximate compositions, antinutrients, vitamins, and mineral composition with plant age using standard analytical methods. Accumulation of trace elements using translocation factor was studied to determine their toxic levels in plant tissues. Data were analysed by ANOVA and results expressed as means and standard deviation. Ash content, crude fibre, protein, alkaloid, phytate, and saponin ranged between 11.4 and 12%, 19.24 and 19.95%, 34.23 and 38.98, 42.08 and 45.76 mg/ml, 0.84 and 1.17%, and 94.10 and 97.00%, respectively. Vitamins A, C, and B were present in high quantity. Macro- and micronutrients recorded showed thatS. nigrumis a potential reservoir of minerals. Accumulation of micronutrients was observed to be the highest at the flowering stage between the 4th and 5th weeks after transplanting. Plants cultivated on clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam soils accumulated elevated nutritional compositions and abundant antinutrients. However, the accumulated trace metals in the plants are within the recommended safe levels. All nutrient values are in the recommended requirements for daily consumption.
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Marquez, J., Olivier Pourret, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Sebastian Weber, Thi Hoàng, and Raul Martinez. "Effect of Cadmium, Copper and Lead on the Growth of Rice in the Coal Mining Region of Quang Ninh, Cam-Pha (Vietnam)." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2018): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061758.
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The goal of this study was to quantify the mobility and partitioning of trace elements originating from mine waste rocks derived from open pit coal extraction activities. The results showed that native rice plants were adapted to growing in metal contaminated soils, posing a severe health risk to local population. Sequential extraction procedures and bulk soil chemical analyses both suggest enrichment of Cd, Pb and Cu in rice paddy soils. Lead was shown to be evenly partitioned among all mineral and organic phases. Copper was associated with carbonates and organic matter. Smaller fractions of Pb and Cu were also bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Only 25% of Cd, 9% of Pb and 48% of Cu were associated with the exchangeable fraction, considered mobile and thus bioavailable for plant uptake. Effects of Cd, Cu and Pb on local Cam Pha Nep cai Hoa vang, and control Asia Italian rice, showed marked differences in growth. The local Vietnamese variety grew close to control values, even upon exposure to higher trace metal concentrations. Whereas the development of the control rice species was significantly affected by increasing trace metal concentrations. This result suggests toxic trace elements accumulation in the edible parts of crops.
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Systra, Ylo. "Bedrock and Quaternary sediment geochemistry and biodiversity in Eastern Fennoscandia and Estonia." Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10132-011-0088-4.
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Bedrock and Quaternary sediment geochemistry and biodiversity in Eastern Fennoscandia and EstoniaCrystalline bedrock and Quaternary sediments are the parent materials for soil, which is a substrate for plant roots and also a supplier of nutrients. Through interactions within the bedrock-soil-plant-animal-human beings system, bedrock geology and geochemistry influence all forms of life on the planet. There are 11 major elements or macronutrients that are nutritionally essential for plants and animals in constructing and maintaining cells and tissues, and up to 43 trace elements or micronutrients involved in the regulation of metabolic processes. Element concentrations in soils reflect those of parent rocks, but for healthy growth and development of plant and animal tissues there are very strict constraints on trace element concentrations. Chemical analysis of different organic materials shows that all forms of life, marine and terrestrial plants and animals, and bacteria consist of comparable proportions of the of macronutrients: O, H, C, N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, as well as trace elements. Some differences are noted in elements that are more available in sea water (Mg, I, Br, Sr, Fe, Pb) or are essential for life outside of water (terrestrial animals need more Ca and P for stronger skeletons, etc.). Limestone and dolostone of northern and central Estonia are rich in Ca and Mg, whereas the sandstones that predominate in southern Estonia consist mainly of quartz (SiO2) and contain very few nutrients. Glacial activity in Fennoscandia transported predominantly Si-rich granite rock material to Estonia, in which trace element concentrations are very low, as in the local bedrock. The bedrock geochemistry, Quaternary cover and their influence on vegetation in some selected areas in Fennoscandia and Estonia are discussed.
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Stojek, Małgorzata. "The concentration of molybdenum and copper in rocks, soils and plants in the area of Jabłonki (Eastern Beskids Mts.) / Zawartość molibdenu i miedzi w skałach, glebach i roślinach w okolicy Jabłonek (Beskidy Wschodnie)." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2013-0026.
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Abstract Molybdenum is one of the major trace elements for plants, but its excess and the deficiency of copper in soils can lead to the production of feed that may be toxic to animals and cause molybdenosis. Menilite shales that occur in the Eastern Beskids Mts. are characterised by an elevated content of this element. The concentration of molybdenum and copper has been determined in samples of bedrock, soils and plants (Trifolium hybridum L. and Plantago major L. plants), taken in the area of occurrence of menilite shales and the Otryt Sandstones. The molybdenum concentration in rocks varies from 0.80 to 40 mg/kg, in soils - from 1.97 to 19.58 mg/kg, and in plant material - from 0.54 to 11.76 mg/kg. The copper concentration in rocks ranges from 11 to 111 mg/kg, in soils - from 23 to 76 mg/kg, and in plants - up to 20 mg/kg. The average Mo concentration in all kinds of plants is significantly higher in the area of occurrence of menilite shales than in the area where the Otryt Sandstones are dominant. The higher content of Mo in the samples collected from clover was accompanied by the lower Cu/Mo ratio, which may cause a molybdenosis disease in animals in the study area.
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Kupiec, Michał, Paweł Pieńkowski, Beata Bosiacka, Izabela Gutowska, Patrycja Kupnicka, Adam Prokopowicz, Dariusz Chlubek, and Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka. "Old and New Threats—Trace Metals and Fluoride Contamination in Soils at Defunct Smithy Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050819.
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The aim of this study was to investigate soil contamination with trace elements and fluoride at sites in Szczecin (NW Poland) where economic activity was historically associated with the use of trace metals. As the Polish legislation does not recognize the lasting impact of historical pollution on soils, land developers are not obliged to determine soil pollution in the new residential areas, including parks and playgrounds for children. Therefore, in this study, at the locations of defunct metalwork enterprises (smithies, foundries, chemical plants, and small metal production plants), which were closed down after World War II, we determined lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) levels in the soil. In addition, we also determined fluoride (F) levels due to the contemporary fluoride pollution in the area generated by a large chemical plant with a post-production phosphogypsum waste landfill and a power plant complex. Our results show that soil at the sites of now-defunct smithies can still act as a significant source of trace metals. Pb concentration in the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers exceeded concentration thresholds for soils with first-degree pollution. The concentrations of Zn and Cu also exceeded their natural background limits. Furthermore, our research indicates an increased concentration of fluoride in surface layers of the soil; however, not exceeding the fluoride content threshold. These observations have important consequences for public health and safety because, presently, the studied sites function as housing estates and other public facilities. Therefore, contaminated soil at these sites may pose a threat to the health of local residents and should be closely monitored for trace metal contamination levels.
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Đurović, Sanja, Ksenija Jakovljević, Uroš Buzurović, Marjan Niketić, Nevena Mihailović, and Gordana Tomović. "Differences in trace element profiles of three subspecies of Silene parnassica (Caryophyllaceae) growing on ophiolitic substrate." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15166.
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The aim of the present study was to compare trace element profiles and the differences in uptake and translocation of trace elements in plants from five populations (three from Greece and two from Serbia) belonging to three subspecies of Silene parnassica Boiss. & Sprun. growing on ophiolitic substrates. For comparison of the subspecies, bioconcentration and translocation factors were used, as well as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients for concentrations of elements in root and shoot samples. Chemical characteristics of the soil samples (pH, organic C, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd and Pb) and plant samples (P2O5, K2O, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd and Pb) were determined, as well as bioconcentration and translocation factors and correlation matrices. All the three subspecies acted as strong Ni accumulators, with equal concentrations of Ni in roots and shoots, the values being several times higher than 100 mg kg–1, exceeding concentrations of available Ni in the soil. Concentrations of Cu and Cr in the aboveground plant tissues in samples from three localities were several times higher than expected, even for plants growing on metalliferous soils, exceeding, by multiple times, the available concentrations in the soil samples.
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Johns, GG, and DM McConchie. "Irrigation of bananas with secondary treated sewage effluent. II. Effect on plant nutrients, additional elements and pesticide residues in plants, soil and leachate using drainage lysimeters." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 7 (1994): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941619.
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The effects of irrigating banana plants with secondary treated sewage effluent were examined using lysimeters at Woolgoolga, N.S.W. Lysimeters were sheltered from rain so that they received only effluent or tap water without substantial leaching occurring. Total application was c. 4700 mm over c. 30 months, equivalent to about 8 years field requirements for supplementary irrigation. At the end of the growth period, plants and soils were analysed for a wide range of chemical parameters. Soil profiles were then leached and the collected leachate was also analysed. Irrigation with effluent had no effect on plant size. Plants watered with effluent contained 225% more sodium, 81% more boron, 43% more copper, 26% more chloride, and about 16% more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium than plants watered with tap water. Soils watered with effluent accumulated more phosphorus, sulfate, chloride, calcium and sodium than soils watered with tap water. Phosphorus sorption results indicated that it would take over 200 years of supplementary watering with effluent to saturate the profile with P. Leachate collected after the growth period from lysimeters watered with effluent contained negligible phosphorus, but considerable sodium, chloride, sulfate, and magnesium. There was no evidence of sodium in effluent displacing calcium from the profile. The high concentration of magnesium in leachate from both treatments indicated that magnesium was displaced by the high levels of potassium fertilizer applied to ensure adequacy for growth of banana plants. Boron concentrations in the leachate indicated that boron would not accumulate in the profile under natural rainfall conditions. Other trace elements were also most unlikely to accumulate to problem levels. Pesticide residue testing of banana pulp, soils and leachate indicated minimal likelihood of problems associated with such residues in local effluent. It was concluded that supplementary irrigation of bananas with the effluent tested was unlikely to cause any problems with either soil or plant chemistry, given the considerable surplus of rainfall which occurs locally in most autumns.
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Aitta, Abeer, Hassan El-Ramady, Tarek Alshaal, Ahmed El-Henawy, Mohamed Shams, Nasser Talha, Fathy Elbehiry, and Eric C. Brevik. "Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt." Agriculture 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070152.
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The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.
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Splodytel, Anastasiia O., Liudmyla Yu Sorokina, and Oksana V. Lunova. "Landscape geochemical conditions and patterns of inter-element redistribution of heavy metals in landscapes of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha”." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112115.
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nalysis of landscape geochemical conditions of the territory of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha” was carried out also the levels of pollution of landscapes within the park and adjacent territories were established. Features of the accumulation and distribution of pollutants in the landscapes of the territory under conditions of natural and Technogenic geochemical anomalies are considered. The landscapes of the studied migration classes (calcium, calcium carbonate, carbonate clayey, acidic calcium) are characterized by a relatively high coefficient of migration intensity due to relatively weak buffering capacity, low water retention capacity and contrasting moisture regime. However, strong gleyed horizons are able to fix contaminants during their surface movement. Using the methods of landscape geochemical research, analytical methods, data on the gross and mobile content of heavy metals were obtained and analyzed. The highest concentrations of manganese and chromium are found in soils differentiated on loess sediments, nickel and copper on glacial sediments. Most of the studied heavy metals exceed the regional geochemical background. In terms of the gross content in soils, trace elements form the following geochemical series: Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Mn>Cr. The accumulation of lead up to 2-3 MPC in forest litters is clearly traced. Dependences of the stability of landscapes to Technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, the degree of their anthropogenic transformation and the level of heavy metals incomings have been established. All studied plants maximally accumulated Mn, Cu, Cr and minimally Zn and Ti which is consistent with the patterns of migration of these elements in the soil. The high accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground part of the studied plants indicates a significant removal of elements from the soil, which, in turn, makes it possible to consider certain plant species as potential phytoremediators. According to the average values of the concentration of macro elements in plants, the following geochemical series is established: CaO>K2O>MgO>P2O5>SiO2>SO3> Al2O3> Fe2O3>Na2O>TiO2. On the basis of the data obtained, 4 types of biogeochemical bonds between chemical elements in the soil – plant system for the territory of the NPP were identified: V, Ti - soil> plant; Ni - soil <plant; Cr - soil> plant; Mn, Cu - soil <plant.
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Aksoy, A., Z. Leblebici, and M. N. V. Prasad. "Metal-accumulating plants from serpentine habitats of Kızıldaǧ, Konya Province, Turkey." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 4 (2015): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14354.
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Serpentine (ultramafic) soils are generally deficient in essential plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) and often also have elevated concentrations of toxic trace elements such as, for example, nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn). However, some serpentine areas have a species-rich plant cover, often with a few endemics. Thus, serpentine areas host valuable bioresources for understanding plant–metal interactions. In the present study, metal-accumulating plants from serpentine habitats in Kızıldağ, Konya Province, Turkey, viz., Aethionema spicatum, Alyssum murale ssp. murale var. murale, Arenaria acerosa, Bornmuellera kiyakii, Cerastium macranthum, Dianthus crinitus. var. crinitus, Dianthus zonatus var. hypochlorus, Iberis sempervirens, Minuartia anatolica var. anatolica, Noccaea camlikensis, Saponoria kotschyi and Silene ozyurtii, belonging to the families Brassicaceae and Caryophyllaceae, were investigated. All plant specimens collected were deposited in the Herbarium of the Biology Department of Akdeniz University. Samples of different plant parts, namely roots, stems, leaves and flowers, were analysed for Ni, Cr, cobalt (Co), Mn, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Noccaea camlikensis, Alyssum murale and Bornmuellera kiyakii accumulated 16 650 μg g–1, 12 570 μg g–1 and 8780 μg g–1 Ni, respectively. Noccaea camlikensis is a new addition to the list of Ni hyperaccumulators. The majority of the floristic elements investigated were found to be tolerant to serpentine soil chemistry. A small proportion of the plant assemblages were endemics. Nickel hyperaccumulators were the least abundant in terms of number of species. The study assumes importance in understanding bioconcentration in different plants and, eventually, for gaining a knowledge of plant–metal interactions and applications in biogeochemistry and bioprospecting for metals, including phytoremediation.
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Kajka, Katarzyna, and Beata Rutkowska. "Accumulation of selected heavy metals in soils and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) near a road with high traffic intensity." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0002.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected trace elements in soils and in the common dandelion depending on the distance from a traffic route. The study was conducted in Warsaw near one of the main roads in the suburb of Ursynów. Samples for testing were taken from the 0–25 cm layer at sites located directly alongside the roadway and at a distance of 30, 60 and 300 m from its edge. The amounts of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd in the soils were determined by the AAS method, after extraction in HCl at a concentration of 1 mol·dm−3, and in the aboveground parts and roots of dandelion plants after wet mineralization in a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 by the AAS method. On the basis of the results obtained, it was shown that the concentrations of the tested metals, both in the soils and in the biomass of the test plant, were highest directly at the edge of the roadway and decreased significantly with the distance away from the road. This correlation indicates a significant impact of road transport on heavy metal levels in the environment bordering a traffic route. It was also shown that dandelion plants accumulate higher amounts of heavy metals in the aboveground parts than in the roots, and the heavy metal contents in the dandelion biomass were found to be significantly positively correlated with the amounts of these elements in the soils.
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McBride, M. B. "Trace metals and sulfur in soils and forage of a chronic wasting disease locus." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06066.
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Environmental context. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) and other ‘prion’ diseases tend to cluster geographically, a characteristic that may indicate environmental risk factors, yet the biogeochemical features of regions with high prion disease incidence have rarely been investigated. This study, presenting soil, water and forage trace element analyses for a CWD cluster in Wisconsin, suggests that trace metal toxicity is unlikely to be a disease factor, but further indicates that willow browse could present a risk for copper deficiency in deer owing to high foliar sulfur concentrations. As copper deficiency leads to impaired immune function, it is hypothesised that the risk for CWD could be increased in environments where deer browse willow heavily. Abstract. In an effort to determine whether incidence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids is linked to biogeochemical risk factors of affected regions, soils, plants and surface waters in the Mt Horeb, Wisconsin CWD cluster were sampled and analysed for trace metals as well as major elements. The results revealed normal (relatively low) levels of trace metals in the soils, water and most plants, with no evidence of widespread heavy metal contamination in this region. It was concluded that incidence of CWD in Mt Horeb is unlikely to be linked to abnormally high concentrations of potentially zootoxic metals, including Pb, Zn, Cd or Mn, in soils waters or forages of the region. However, shrub willow, a common browse plant in the area, had high S levels in its leaves compared with other potential forage plants. Bioaccumulation of S was species-specific, with one willow species in particular (Salix exigua) having high foliar S in comparison with other species both in controlled greenhouse experiments as well as in the field near Mt Horeb. The willow S concentrations in the Mt Horeb CWD locus, averaging in excess of 4500 mg kg–1 in 2003 and remaining high in 2004, were high enough to have contributed to hypocuprosis in deer, and possibly to have caused polioencephalomalacia (PEM). It is hypothesised that conditions favourable to intensive deer browsing on shrub willow may exist periodically in Mt Horeb, leading to hypocuprosis and increased susceptibility to CWD.
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Carson, Allan W., P. Michael Rutherford, and Philip J. Burton. "Desulphurized tailings serve as a useful soil supplement for mine reclamation." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 4 (August 2014): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-116.
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Carson, A. W., Rutherford, P. M. and Burton, P. J. 2014. Desulphurized tailings serve as a useful soil supplement for mine reclamation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 529–541. Soil is often in limited supply for use in mine reclamation activities; it may be necessary to build soils (Anthroposols) using locally available substrates. Eight test plots were established at Huckleberry Mine, Houston, BC, to investigate soil properties and evaluate the performance and metal uptake of plants established on stockpiled soils that were or were not supplemented with non-acid generating sand (NAGS) and fertilizer. Concentrations of total and extractable trace elements (including base metals) were lower in NAGS-supplemented soils than in non-supplemented soils. Supplementing soils with NAGS reduced cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations, yet plant performance was not significantly lower than that observed in non-supplemented soils. When combined with a fertilizer application, plant performance on NAGS-supplemented soils significantly increased. For heavy metals analyzed in plant tissues, only molybdenum (Mo) concentrations exceeded the National Research Council’s (NRC) recommended maxima for beef cattle. The copper (Cu):Mo ratio for all treatments was above a suggested adverse-health threshold value for ruminant feeds (with lesser values leading to adverse health effects). The use of NAGS (combined with fertilizer) as a supplement to stockpiled mine soil can increase the quantity of growth media for reclamation and is not expected to have any adverse effects on plant growth or the metal content in above-ground vegetation.
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Fedotov, Petr S., Olga B. Rogova, Rustam Kh Dzhenloda, and Vasily K. Karandashev. "Metal–organic complexes as a major sink for rare earth elements in soils." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 5 (2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18275.
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Environmental contextThe role of rare earth elements in soil–plant systems remains unclear. We use continuous-flow extraction, designed to mimic natural conditions while minimising artefacts, to study in vitro chemical fractionation of rare earth elements in soil. The study reveals a predominant association of rare earth elements and metal-organic complexes independent of soil type and contamination, and thereby provides valuable insights into the behaviour of these elements in soil–plant systems. AbstractThe role of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil–plant systems has attracted increasing attention but still remains somewhat unclear. Along invivo studies on the uptake of REEs by plants, invitro chemical fractionation of REEs in soil according to their physicochemical mobility can offer additional insights into the behaviour of REEs. In the present work, the fractionation of REEs was studied with the example of background, aerially and hydrogenically contaminated soil samples using dynamic (continuous flow) extraction, which allows natural conditions to be mimicked and artefacts to be minimised. The eluents applied addressed exchangeable, specifically sorbed, bound to Mn oxides, bound to metal–organic complexes, and bound to amorphous and poorly ordered Fe/Al oxides fractions extractable by 0.05M Ca(NO3)2, 0.43M CH3COOH, 0.1M NH2OH·HCl, 0.1M K4P2O7 at pH 11, and 0.1M (NH4)2C2O4 at pH 3.2 respectively. The distribution of trace metals (such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni) between separated fractions varies with sample and is dependent on the type of contamination. However, for all samples, the recoveries of REEs by pyrophosphate are surprisingly high, up to 40–45% of their total concentrations in background and anthropogenically transformed floodplain soils. As compared to metal–organic complexes, the contents of REEs bound to Fe/Al oxides are fairly low, no more than 12%. REEs in other fractions may be taken into consideration only for aerially contaminated soil. Such a predominant association of REEs and metal–organic complexes (i.e. humic and fulvic compounds) independent of the type of soil has not been reported before.
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Ryzhenko, Nataliija O., S. V. Kavetsky, and Volodymyr M. Kavetsky. "HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) UPTAKE BY SPRING BARLEY IN POLLUTED SOILS." Polish Journal of Soil Science 48, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2015.48.1.111.
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<p>Accumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu (HM) by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils, impacted by heavy metals pollution in the soils, is studied in the article. The aim of study has been to determine spring barley bioaccumulation capacity impacted by the HM pollution with the high level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu concentration in soils. The HM concentration diapason caused biomass reduction – the scope of toxic tolerance was obtained. The range of contaminants concentration in soil, which caused the plant biomass reduction, from the beginning to plants death – the scope of toxic tolerance, is the index of a species reaction on selected xenobiotic. It shows: “threshold” concentration of a contaminant that caused a plant biomass inhibition; toxic process development and the correlation between contaminants concentration in soil and/or plant and the plants inhibition; the concentration that caused the plant death. Spring barley accumulation indexes of the studied metals were calculated. Relevant scopes of the plant-uptake index for each metal were calculated. Dynamics of the toxic process development of spring barley as impacted by the pollution in the break-down by studied metals were observed on two different soils. Toxic process dynamic evaluation gives the possibility to simulate concentration of the trace metal in plants, concentration of available forms of these elements in soils, and also contamination level (content of metals) that caused plants height and plant weight reduction by 10%, 50% and 90%.</p><p> </p><p>Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleb piaszczysto-gliniastych bielicowych i czarnoziemów przez matale ciężkie (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) na biakumulację tych pierwiastków w jęczmieniu jarym (Hordeum vulgare L.). Podwyższone stężenie metali ciężkich spowodowało spadek plonu biomasy (od 10 do 90%). Stwierdzono, że im wyższe stężenie pierwiastków w glebie tym reakcja negatywna roślin była większa, aż do zamierania roślin. Wyliczono wskaźniki akumulacji dla każdego z pierwiastków metali. Ocena dynamiki procesu zanieczyszczenia gleb przez metale ciężkie (na podstawie wskaźników akumulacji) daje możliwość stymulowania stężenia tych pierwiastków w glebie. </p>
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Jocković, Sanja, Veljko Pujević, and Miloš Marjanović. "Utilization of ash from power plants for high embankments on soft soil." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823905017.
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The ash landfills are a major environmental issue. The use of ash for the highway and railway substructure achieves a double benefit: it significantly reduces the deposited quantities of ash as well as the consumption of natural materials such as crushed stone, gravel and sand. The investigation of engineering properties of fly ash from the power plant in Serbia was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics at the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Belgrade. Relevant physical and mechanical properties of ash and mixtures with binders (cement/lime) were investigated. The ash was also tested from the aspect of the potential environmental impact, which primarily depends on the leaching behaviour of the present trace elements. The results of the study showed that fly ash meets technical and environmental requirements and that has the potential for use in highway substructure, such as construction of embankments and stabilization of soft soils. Benefits of utilization of ash and slag was shown in the case of the construction of a high embankment on soft soil on the highway section Obrenovac-Ub in Serbia.
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Mclaughlin, MJ, KG Tiller, R. Naidu, and DP Stevens. "Review: the behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers." Soil Research 34, no. 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960001.
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The risks of contaminants accumulating in soils and crops due to inadvertent addition of impurities in agricultural fertilizers and soil amendments were assessed for Australian conditions. Elements considered of concern were arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), fluorine (F), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Consideration of background concentrations of these elements in Australian soils, inputs to soil in fertilizers and offtake in harvested crops indicates that Cd and F will accumulate in fertilized soils at a faster rate than As, Pb or Hg. The major factors affecting the accumulation of fertilizer-derived Cd, F, Hg and Pb in soils and their transfer to agricultural crops are reviewed in an Australian context where data are available. Cadmium is the element of most concern as its transfer from soils to the edible portions of agricultural food crops is significantly greater than for other elements. After consideration of the behaviour of F, Hg and Pb in the soil-plant system, we conclude that these elements pose negligible risk of accumulating to toxic concentrations in agricultural food crops. Proposed regulations governing maximum permitted concentrations (MPCs) of F in soils may need review and critical concentrations of F in agricultural soils need definition, given current F loadings to soil from fertilizers. Some agricultural produce currently exceeds Australian MPCs for Cd. However, the levels observed in crops and soils are in a range similar to those found internationally. While Cd concentrations in Australian phosphatic fertilizers have been historically high in comparison with fertilizers used in other countries, lower inputs of fertilizer per unit area and less atmospheric contamination of soils have resulted in similar or lower Cd loadings to agricultural land compared with Europe. In recent years the use of phosphatic fertilizers with lower Cd concentrations and the development of plant cultivars which restrict Cd uptake should assist in control of Cd accumulation by crops. However, acidification and salinization of soils in Australia poses a threat in terms of increasing Cd concentrations in agricultural produce. In comparison with other trace metals, Cd availability to plants appears to decline only slowly with time, if at all. More Cd is currently added to Australian soils than is removed in agricultural produce or by leaching. It is therefore important that the long-term behaviour of Cd in Australian soils be assessed, to determine if Cd concentrations in agricultural produce will slowly increase over time.
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Radziemska, Maja. "Aided Phytostabilization of Copper Contaminated Soils with L. Perenne and Mineral Sorbents as Soil Amendments." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 26, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0037.
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Abstract The present study was designed to assess phytostabilization strategies for the treatment of soil co-contaminated by increasing levels of copper with the application mineral amendments (chalcedonite, zeolite, dolomite). From the results it will be possible to further elucidate the benefits or potential risks derived from the application of different types of mineral amendments in the remediation of a copper contaminated soil. A glasshouse pot experiment was designed to evaluate the potential use of different amendments as immobilizing agents in the aided phytostabilization of Cu-contaminated soil using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The content of trace elements in plants and total in soil, were determined using the method of spectrophotometry. All of the investigated element contents in the tested parts of L. perenne were significantly different in the case of applying mineral amendments to the soil, as well as increasing concentrations of copper. The greatest average above-ground biomass was observed for soil amended with chalcedonite. In this experiment, all analyzed metals accumulated predominantly in the roots of the tested plant. In general, applying mineral amendments to soil contributed to decreased levels of copper concentrations.
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Zaheer, Ihsan Elahi, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Iqra Noor, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Kashif Hayat, Muhammad Rizwan, et al. "Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166690.
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Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants was recently introduced. In the current experiment, the exogenous application of micronutrients [iron (Fe)] chelated with amino acid [lysine (lys)] was examined, using an in vivo approach that involved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gaseous exchange parameters, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant response. The uptake and accumulation of Fe and Cr were determined under different levels of tannery wastewater (33, 66, 100%) used along with the exogenous supplementation of Fe-lys (5 mM) to Spinacia oleracea plants. Results revealed that tannery wastewater in the soil decreased plant growth and growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus and Fe contents in different parts of the plants. In contrast, the addition of different levels of tannery wastewater to the soil significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL), which induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of S. oleracea plants. However, S. oleracea plants increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which scavenge the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cr toxicity can be overcome by the supplementation of Fe-lys, which significantly increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic machinery and increased the activities of different antioxidative enzymes, even in the plants grown under different levels of tannery wastewater in the soil. Furthermore, the supplementation of Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe) and decreased the contents of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. In conclusion, the application of Fe-lys is an innovative approach to mitigate Cr stress in spinach plants, which not only increased plant growth and biomass but also decreased the Cr contents in different plant organs.
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Angelova, Violina R., Radka V. Ivanova, Jivko M. Todorov, and Krasimir I. Ivanov. "Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, and Copper Bioavailability in the Soil-Plant-Animal System in a Polluted Area." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.33.
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A comparative research study on the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soil-plant-animal-system was carried out. The connection between the total quantity and the mobile forms of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in soils with different levels of contamination; the transition of these metals into rapeseed; and their assimilation by rabbits fed with a food that consisted mainly of rapeseed was studied. It was established that the absorption of heavy metals by the rapeseed definitely has a selective character, as the affinity towards Zn is most strongly expressed. The accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the organs of the rapeseed occurs in the following order: inflorescences > leaves > stems. A direct connection between the quantity of the mobile forms and their accumulation in the plants was not found. The environmental contamination has a significant effect on heavy metal levels and distribution, as the largest quantity of all four elements is accumulated in the kidneys and liver. A well-expressed impact of the level of Cd contamination on the absorption of essential trace metals (Zn and Cu) and their accumulation into some of the organs of the animals was found.
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Kosiorek, Milena, and Mirosław Wyszkowski. "Macroelement content in plants after amendment application to cobalt-contaminated soil." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 4 (February 26, 2021): 1769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02907-0.
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Abstract Aim The study was undertaken to determine the effect of amendments used in remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil on the macroelement content of all organs of spring barley (the main crop) and white mustard (the after-crop). Methods In the experiment, six blocks were selected: without amendments; with manure (bovine, granulated); clay; charcoal; zeolite; and with calcium oxide (50%). In each of the blocks, increasing doses of cobalt were applied: 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg kg−1 of soil. Results Cobalt-contaminated soil and amendments application had a significant effect on macroelement content of all organs of both plants. Conclusions In blocks without amendments, 80 mg Co kg−1 contributed the most increase in nitrogen, sodium, and calcium contents of both organs of spring barley. Cobalt-contaminated soil increased content of all macroelements in white mustard organs. Application of amendments to soil had strong impact on phosphorus, sodium, and calcium contents of organs of both plant species, compared to the control block (without amendments). Among the amendments, manure had the greatest effect on the content of macroelements in plants. Manure increased phosphorus, potassium, and sodium contents of all organs of both plants. The optimal content of macroelements is extremely important for the growth and development of plants, especially on soils contaminated with trace elements, including cobalt.
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Shadravan, Borzoo, Mohsen Janmohammadi, Shahriar Dashti, and Naser Sabaghnia. "Influence of Integrated Application of Nano-Chelated Trace Elements and Sulfur on Desi Chickpea in the Short-Season Mediterranean-Type Environment." Botanica 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2018-0002.
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AbstractChickpea is one of the most important legume crops in the Mediterranean semiarid regions. Soils of these regions generally have free CaCO3, high pH and low organic matter, which reduce the availability of micronutrients and cause their deficiencies. In order to study the effects of integrated application of different level of elemental sulfur (0, 15, 30 kg·ha−1) and nano-chelated micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) on growth and agro-morphological traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a field experiment was conducted in the semiarid regions of the northwestern part of Iran. Evaluation of morphological traits showed that application of high level of sulfur significantly improved plant height, the number of primary branches and canopy width compared to the control. The longest growth period was recorded for plants grown by application of high level of sulfur and nano-chelated Zn fertilizer. The obtained data revealed that application of nano-chelated Zn fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in seed number per plant and seed weight compared to other nano-micronutrient fertilizers. Overall, the best growth performance and the highest seed yield were obtained from the integrated application of Zn and high level of sulfur. The findings showed that soil micronutrient deficiencies are partly due to high alkalinity of the soil, and application of sulfur beyond 15 kg·ha−1 can be an effective method to increase the efficacy of nanofertilizers. Integrated application of micronutrient and sulfur should be considered as an efficient agronomic management option for chickpea production systems in semiarid region.
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El Berkaoui, Meryem, Mariam El Adnani, Rachid Hakkou, Ahmed Ouhammou, Najib Bendaou, and Abdelaziz Smouni. "Phytostabilization of Phosphate Mine Wastes Used as a Store-and-Release Cover to Control Acid Mine Drainage in a Semiarid Climate." Plants 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050900.
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The abandoned Kettara pyrrhotite mine, located near Marrakech, Morocco, is an acid mine drainage (AMD) producer site. A store-and-release cover system made of phosphate wastes was built to prevent water infiltration and the formation of AMD. This cover system should be vegetated with appropriate plants to ensure its long-term sustainability and allow its reintegration in the surrounding ecosystem. Several indigenous plant species were studied. The choice of plant species was based mainly on their tolerance to trace elements contained in the phosphate wastes, and their low capacity to translocate these metals to their aboveground parts in order to limit the risk of pollutants transfer along the food chain. The main metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr) are determined in 13 dominant plants naturally colonizing the store-and-release cover and their rhizospheric soils. The results showed that the phosphate cover contained high concentrations of Cr (138.04 mg/kg), Cu (119.86 mg/kg) and Cd (10.67 mg/kg) exceeding the regulatory thresholds values (Cr > 100 mg/kg, Cu > 100 mg/kg, Cd > 3 mg/kg). The studied plants revealed no hyper-accumulation of metals and metalloids, and lower concentrations in shoots than in roots. Six species (Plantago afra, Festuca ovina, Aizoon hispanicum, Herniaria cinerea, Echium plantagineum and Asphodelus tenuifolius) have bioconcentration factors greater than 1, and weak translocation factors, identifying them as appropriate candidates for phytostabilization of the phosphate cover.
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Miroshnichenko, I. M., T. I. Makoveychuk, L. М. Mykhalska, and V. V. Sсhwartau. "Changes in the elemental composition of winter wheat plants caused by the action of Megafol and retardants." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021763.
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In the conditions of the field experiments conducted during the 2015–2016 vegetation seasons retardants Medax Top, 1.0 l/ha (prohexadione-Са and mepiquat-chloride), appeared more effective than Terpal, 1.5 l/ha (mepiquat-chloride and ethephon), on field plots with high-yield varieties. Foliar application of Megafol promoted the productivity of winter wheat varieties Smuglyanka and Podolyanka and reduced the negative influence of retardants on the wheat plants in the vegetation seasons which were characterized by moisture deficit. The influence of modern retardants – prohexadione-Ca + mepiquat-chloride (Medax Top) and mepiquat-chloride + etefone (Terpal, both BASF, Germany) on the accumulation of some macro- and micronutrients in winter wheat plants was determined. The assays were performed on an ICP-MS Agilent 7700x mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA) with ICP-MS Mass Hunter WorkStation. Samples of winter wheat plants were taken in the phase of flowering and grain ripening. The samples were dried, homogenized, 0.400 gof weight was dissolved in ICP-grade nitric acid in the Milestone Start D (Milestone Inc., USA). All solutions were prepared on 1st class water (18 MΩ cm–1) obtained on the Scholar-UV Nex Up 1000 (Human Corporation, Korea) water purification system. The ICP-MS Complete Standard IV-ICPMS-71A was used as the external standard, and the internal standard was Sc, both of Inorganic Ventures, USA. According to the ICP-MS results of plant samples of winter wheat of Smuglylanka and Podolanka, it has been shown that, in conditions of wheat growing on light soils of Polissya, modern compositional retardants affect the ionome of plants during vegetation, as well as change the content of inorganic elements in the grain. It was found that winter wheat of middle-stem Podolyanka type, of the intensive type, reacted more responsively to retardant treatment than the short-stem-type highly intensive Smuglyanka type. At the same time, there was an increase in the content of nutrients in winter wheat of the Podolyanka variety. It should be noted that wheat grain of the Smuglyanka variety contained a significantly higher pool of macro- and trace elements than the Podolyanka variety. It was established that the treatment of winter wheat Podolyanka varieties by mepiquat-chloride and ethephon (Terpal, 1.5 l/ha) positively influenced the accumulation of potassium, magnesium and calcium and manganese, copper and zinc in the grain. We found that foliar application of compositions of amino acids simultaneously with retardants can reduce the negative action of PGR’s on formation of the harvest in conditions of drought and influence the maintenance of composition of inorganic elements in the plants and in the grain. The composition of retardants with the content of cyclohexadione derivative (Medax Top) also significantly influenced the changes in the content of inorganic elements in plants and grains. We note the significant increase in the content of magnesium in the leaves and in grain due to the action of Medax Top. These differences in reaction of winter wheat varieties to the action of retardants of the class of cyclohexadione are important for clarifying the systems of nutrition of crops in intensive growing technologies, especially in the conditions of drought and high temperatures. Reduction in the pools of a number of inorganic elements in plants, for example iron, by the action of retardants may be due to the constraints on the entry of these elements from the poor soils of the Polissya zone and should be compensated via foliar nutrition. Also, the peculiarities of the activity of plant growth regulators have been shown to indicate a close relationship between signal systems of plants and changes in ionome.
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Gervais-Bergeron, Béatrice, Pierre-Luc Chagnon, and Michel Labrecque. "Willow Aboveground and Belowground Traits Can Predict Phytoremediation Services." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091824.
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The increasing number of contaminated sites worldwide calls for sustainable remediation, such as phytoremediation, in which plants are used to decontaminate soils. We hypothesized that better anchoring phytoremediation in plant ecophysiology has the potential to drastically improve its predictability. In this study, we explored how the community composition, diversity and coppicing of willow plantations, influenced phytoremediation services in a four-year field trial. We also evaluated how community-level plant functional traits might be used as predictors of phytoremediation services, which would be a promising avenue for plant selection in phytoremediation. We found no consistent impact of neither willow diversity nor coppicing on phytoremediation services directly. These services were rather explained by willow traits related to resource economics and management strategy along the plant “fast–slow” continuum. We also found greater belowground investments to promote plant bioconcentration and soil decontamination. These traits–services correlations were consistent for several trace elements investigated, suggesting high generalizability among contaminants. Overall, our study provides evidence, even using a short taxonomic (and thus functional) plant gradient, that traits can be used as predictors for phytoremediation efficiency for a broad variety of contaminants. This suggests that a trait-based approach has great potential to develop predictive plant selection strategies in phytoremediation trials, through a better rooting of applied sciences in fundamental plant ecophysiology.
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Zabashta, Nikolay, Elena Golovko, Irina Sinelshchikova, and Anastasia Androsova. "The ecological state of the raw material zone of the enterprises supplying beef for baby food." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021006004.
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Subjects of the research: soils, pasture and cultivated plants, vegetable raw materials, prepared feed of the raw material zone of the Branch of the Tikhoretsky Children's Meat Canning Plant of DANON-RUSSIA JSC. The quantitative content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils under the main feed crops and their accumulation in finished feeds was determined. The a soil with a high humus content cover in the area of the surveyed farms is mainly represented by carbonate weakly humus heavy-duty “chernozem”, which occupies 82.5 % of all land. Fodder raw materials in the autumn-winter season 2019-2020 is safe in quantitative content regulated by standards of elements of heavy metals. Their contents were established: mercury ≤ 0.01 mg / kg, cadmium ≤ 0.2 mg / kg, lead ≤ 2.0 mg / kg and arsenic ≤ 0.5 mg / kg. However, there was an insignificant (1-2%) increase in the zinc content in the silage from the green mass of corn and haylage from the green mass of alfalfa. It was established that the remains of the prohibited pesticides are in trace amounts or practically absent in the feed of the raw material zone. The monitoring results will be used in farms - suppliers of beef for the production of baby food - canned meat and meat and vegetable.
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Frame, J., P. Newbould, and J. M. M. Munro. "Herbage production from the hills and uplands." BSAP Occasional Publication 10 (1985): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00030718.
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AbstractThe hills and uplands lie within the poorer ‘less favoured’ soil and climatic areas which account for almost 10 M ha of the UK's 19 M ha of agricultural land. Rough grazing comprises 6 M ha. Dry matter (DM) production from native hill swards, governed by soil type, climate and species composition, typically ranges from 1 to 5 t per ha, and is highly seasonal. The best grade of native hill sward is the bent-fescue (Agrostis/Festuca) association. Upland permanent pasture sward production is strongly influenced by the proportion of perennial ryegrass and level of fertilizer N input; typically, DM production ranges from 3.5 to 91 per ha.Constraints to herbage production include acid soils, impeded drainage and shortage of major plant nutrients particularly N and P. Deficiencies of some major nutrients and of trace elements in the plants can consequently have serious implications for livestock performance. Relationships among trace elements are particularly complex. The climate is severe and highly variable, with low temperatures, exposure to wind, high rainfall and frequent winter frosts being notable features. Bracken, rush, gorse, broom and scrub woodland communities are special vegetation problems which adversely affect pasture production and utilization.Specific improvement techniques for the differing soil type — plant community associations are available but economic considerations are important when making the choice and deciding on the extent of improvement. Addition of lime and fertilizers, and the introduction of improved grass species and white clover, are the keys to enhanced sward production and quality. Maintenance of soil fertility is essential to ensure continued production. White clover is particularly important for animal nutrition and for its ability to contribute to available soil N via rhizobial N fixation. However, fertilizer N has a role in strategically extending the grazing season and for intensifying winter feed production (silage or hay) from suitable land; silage offers the better option.