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Broermann, James 1962. "Analysis of data from tracer injection experiments at Stanton Artificial Recharge Facility, Stanton, Texas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278024.
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Concentration breakthrough data collected by the USGS at Stanton, Texas during tracer injection tests of the Ogallala aquifer are simulated using an approximate and an exact analytical solution of conservative solute transport in a radial flow field from an injection well. Data were collected at selected depths in the aquifer and at fully screened observation wells. The concentration breakthrough data were simulated with the analytical solutions by finding the values of hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity which provided the best fit of the data. The exact analytical solution is the appropriate solution for analyzing data collected at the Stanton site. Both dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity vary greatly at the site. Bromide is considered to be conservative. Boron distribution coefficients are determined by using hydraulic conductivities estimated by simulation of boron and bromide breakthrough curves. Additional tracers used in the experiments at the Stanton site include aniline, phenolphthalein and benzoate.
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Maier, Friedrich [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Licha, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Sauter. "Improved tracer techniques for georeservoir applications : Artificial tracer examination identifying experimentally relevant properties and potential metrics for the joint application of hydrolysis tracer and heat injection experiments / Friedrich Maier. Gutachter: Tobias Licha ; Martin Sauter. Betreuer: Tobias Licha." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065882483/34.
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Louk, Andrew Kyle. "Monitoring for Enhanced Gas and Liquids Recovery from a CO2 'Huff-and-Puff' Injection Test in a Horizontal Chattanooga Shale Well." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73806.
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Permanently sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) in gas-bearing shale formations is beneficial in that it can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as well as enhance gas recovery in production wells. This is possible due to the sorption properties of the organic material within shales and their greater affinity for CO2 over methane. The phenomenon of preferentially adsorbing CO2 while desorbing methane has been proven in coalbed reservoirs successfully, and is feasible for shale formations. The objective of this thesis is to explore the potential for enhanced gas recovery from gas-bearing shale formations by injecting CO2 into a targeted shale formation.
With the advancement of technologies in horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing, shale gas has become a significant source of energy throughout the United States. With over 6,000 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of theoretical gas-in-place, Appalachia has proven a major basin for gas production from organic shales. With its extensive shale reserves and lack of conventional reservoirs typically used for CO2 storage, Appalachia's unconventional reservoirs are favorable candidates for CO2 storage with enhanced gas recovery. Enhancing gas recovery not only increases reserves, but extends the life of mature wells and fields throughout the basin.
As part of this research, 510 tons of CO2 were successfully injected into a horizontal production well completed in the Chattanooga shale formation, a late Devonian shale, in Morgan County, Tennessee. An extensive monitoring program was implemented during the pre-injection baseline, injection, soaking, and flowback phases of the test. Multiple fluorinated tracers were used to monitor for potential CO2 breakthrough at offset production wells and to help account for the CO2 once the well was flowed back. Results from this test, once the well was put back into normal production state, confirm the injectivity and storage potential of CO2 in shale formations, as well as an increase in gas production rate and quality of gas produced.Master of Science
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Karmakar, Shyamal [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Sauter, Iulia [Gutachter] Ghergut, and Gunter [Gutachter] Buntebarth. "Single-well tracer push-pull method development for subsurface process characterization : Early-time tracer injection-flowback test for stimulated fracture characterization, numerical simulation uses and efficiency for flow and solute transport / Shyamal Karmakar ; Gutachter: Martin Sauter, Iulia Ghergut, Gunter Buntebarth ; Betreuer: Martin Sauter." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121302815/34.
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CHIVATA, Nilson Yecid Bautista. "Simulação numérica da equação de advecção-dispersão-reação para um traçador em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos por um método de volumes finitos, utilizando malhas poligonais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19634.
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A modelagem e a simulação numérica do transporte de solutos, como por exemplo traçadores, em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos, tais como aquíferos e reservatórios de petróleo constituem-se num grande desafio de natureza matemática e numérica. A modelagem de falhas selantes, canais, poços inclinados, pinchouts e outras características complexas demanda o uso de malhas não-estruturadas e não-ortogonais, capazes de se adaptar naturalmente ao domínio em estudo. Os pacotes computacionais utilizados comumente na indústria do petróleo, na sua grande maioria, se baseiam no Método das Diferenças Finitas com Aproximação de Fluxo por Dois Pontos (Two-Point Flux Approximation - TPFA) e no Método de Ponderação à Montante de Primeira Ordem (First Order Upwind Method - FOU), devido a sua facilidade de implementação e sua eficiência computacional. Infelizmente, os métodos TPFA são incapazes de produzir soluções convergentes em malhas não-ortogonais ou para tensores de dispersão ou permeabilidades completos e os métodos FOU produzem soluções com difusão numérica excessiva, exigindo malhas demasiadamente refinadas para obtermos soluções confiáveis. Uma alternativa ao TPFA, e que permite o uso de tensores completos e malhas não-ortogonais, é o Método dos Elementos Finitos de Galerkin (MEF), porém este método não produz soluções localmente conservativas, o que pode ser um problema sério para a modelagem de problemas envolvendo leis de conservação, como no escoamento em meios porosos. Outra alternativa são os Métodos de Volumes Finitos (MVF). Nas suas variantes mais robustas, estes métodos são capazes de lidar com malhas poligonais quaisquer e tensores de dispersão e permeabilidades completos e com razão de anisotropia arbitrária, além de produzir aproximações discretas de alta ordem e localmente conservativas. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho, apresentamos uma formulação MVF centrado na célula para a modelagem do transporte de um traçador não-reativo num escoamento monofásico em meios porosos heterogêneos e anisotrópicos. Para a discretização dos termos elípticos, tanto da equação de pressão quanto da equação de Advecção-Dispersão-Reação (ADRE), utilizou-se um MVF com aproximação de fluxo por múltiplos pontos que faz uso do estêncil diamante (MPFA-D) e para a discretização dos termos hiperbólicos, usamos o método FOU e um MVF do tipo MUSCL (Monotone Upstream Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws). A fim de testar nossa formulação, resolvemos alguns problemas benchmark encontrados na literatura.
Modeling and numerical simulation of solutes (e.g. Tracers) in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media such as aquifers and oil reservoirs, constitute a bigger challenge of mathematics and numerical nature. Modeling sealants faults, channels, inclined wells, pinch outs and other complex features of these geological formations demand the use of unstructured and not orthogonal meshes, able to adapt naturally to the domain under study. The computational packages used commonly in the oil industry, mostly, are based on the Finite Difference Method with Two Point Flow Approximation (TPFA) and the Amount First Order Upwind method (FOU), due to its ease of implementation and its computational efficiency. Unfortunately, TPFA methods are unable to produce conver-gent solutions in non-orthogonal meshes or in permeability or dispersion full Tensor and FOU methods produce solutions with excessive numerical diffusion, requiring excessively refined mesh to obtain reliable solutions. An interesting alternative to TPFA, which allows the use of full tensor and not orthogonal meshes, is the Galerkin Finite Element Method (FEM), but this method does not produce solutions locally conservative, which can be a serious problem for modeling problems involving conservation laws as the flow in porous media. An interesting alternative is the Finite Volume Methods (MVF). In its most robust embodiments, these methods are able to cope with any polygonal mesh and full permeability or dispersion tensors and with an arbitrary anisotropy ratio, beyond producing discrete approximations of high order and locally conservative. In this context, the present study, we present one MVF formulation cell centered to modeling the transport of a non-reactive tracer in single-phase flow in heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media. For the elliptical discretization terms, both, the pressure equation as the equation advection-dispersion-reaction (ADRE), we used The FVMF multipoint flow approximation that uses the diamond stencil (MPPA-D) and for the discretization of hyperbolic terms, we use the FOU method and an MVF type MUSCL (Monotone Upstream Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws). In order to test our formulation, we solve some benchmark problems in the literature.
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Samuelsson, Jörgen. "Development of Methods for Phase System Characterization in Liquid Chromatography." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ytbioteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8597.
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The aim of this thesis is first and foremost to improve the fundamental knowledge of nonlinear and preparative separation theory by focusing on some of the remaining “white spots” on the theoretical chromatographic map. Secondly, the acquired knowledge is used to develop, validate and execute new methods for phase characterization in liquid chromatography. The methodology used in this thesis is a combination of experiments, fundamental nonlinear theory and systematic computer simulations. A fundamental knowledge of the molecular interactions between the compounds to be separated and the separation media requires the determination of adsorption isotherms over a broad concentration range to give a complete picture of all interactions in the separation system - weak as well as strong. In addition, such adsorption data is essential for optimization in preparative chromatography. For the first time, it has been experimentally shown that the injected molecules are not present in the detected peak when a small excess of molecules are injected into a chromatographic system equilibrated with a constant stream of identical molecules. Several experimental procedures for this method were developed such as (i) the optimal injection strategy and (ii) different labeling methods for visualizing the injected molecules. Remarkable phenomena in the single-component case, such as invisible peak deformation and deformed (invisible) frontal chromatograms, are reported, investigated, and explained. This phenomenon has asides from its future practical implementation, also a large didactic value. The accuracy of the ECP method is experimentally improved, and used to characterize the separation of protolytic compounds at different pH on modern commercially available silica and hybrid silica column packing materials. That investigation enables us to answer why basic compounds give a much more compact preparative peak profile at pH 11 than they yields at lower pH.
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Anam, Onditi Ouma. "Gas diffusion-flow injection interfaces for mass spectrometric and electrochemical detectors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28323.
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Isotope tracer techniques are widely used in biological, agricultural, chemical and medical research. The use of stable isotopes is not complicated by health hazards, dangers of radiation or time limit for experiments as is the case for radioactive isotopes. However, the analytical methods available for the determination of stable isotopes are much less sensitive, considerably more complicated and time consuming than those for radioactive isotopes. Such methods usually require the use of a mass spectrometer and most employ the combustion technique (Dumas method) for sample presentation. Speciation can be achieved by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) and combustion interface. Such instruments are expensive and labour intensive. Additionally, the consumables and catalysts employed are costly.
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Dangolle, Champa D. P. "Some aspects of trace analysis of metals." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318885.
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Fernandez, Maria Luz Mena. "Field sampling and flow injection strategies for trace analysis and element speciation." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1997. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19646/.
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Over the last two decades research has shown that the different forms of trace elements in the environment can cause a variety of health concerns as a result of differences in toxicity. The need to establish efficient, effective and reliable speciation methods has become paramount. A basic aim of this work has been to advance speciation measurement capability for key trace elements (mercury, lead and chromium) by devising an integrated analytical approach that links the sample collection, sample preservation and laboratory measurements in an unified manner. An introductory chapter first reviews the occurrence of organometallic compounds in the environment and focuses on the identification of the "environmental compartments" where transformations of such species can take place. Speciation studies also assist in understanding the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements. Moreover, a review of the various methodologies used for trace element speciation measurements including hyphenated techniques and/or a variety of chemical/physical pretreatments in combination with flow injection (FI) is discussed. Chapter 2 describes mercury speciation experiments utilising gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (GC-MIP-AES) and FI. The approach was based on the preconcentration of mercury on sulphydryl cotton and after elution from the microcolumn, separation and quantitation of methyl-, ethyl- and inorganic mercury species. Method development experiments were performed using a derivatisation technique which gave low contamination and allowed rapid analysis of samples. The microcolumn technique was transferred to the field and speciation of mercury in surface waters of the Manchester Ship Canal was undertaken and high methylmercury concentrations (0.052-0.182 ug 1 -1, as Hg) were detected. In so doing the new approach offered the preservation of the natural speciation state of the water sample directly at the sampling site and during the interval between collection and analysis. In chapter 3 lead studies are centred on the development of a rapid speciation scheme for neutral and cationic (organic and inorganic) lead species based on activated alumina microcolumn separation in combination with ICP-MS and FI. The approach permitted rapid assessment of the nature of lead contamination in environmental waters. Speciation of lead in surface waters of the Manchester Ship Canal was also undertaken using the field sampling approach in an attempt to confirm a transmethyllation reaction between organolead and inorganic mercury. A further application for microcolumns, in the context of speciation measurement, is their use as external calibrants and certified reference materials (CRMs) and this is discussed in the penultimate chapter. Key elements were mercury and chromium. After immobilisation of mercury species on SCF microcolumns it was found that recoveries for methyl- and inorganic mercury were quantitative over 4 months in contrast to ethylmercury which was 2 months. Similar studies for chromium species indicated ineffective elution and more vigorous conditions (microwave assisted digestion) for the elution step were used. A final chapter reviews progress and recommendations are given concerning future research and application for microcolumn field sampling in combination with instrumental analytical techniques.
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Kirchhoff, Alissa A. "The effect of a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and heifer reproduction." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Karol E. Fike
Trace mineral supplementation is necessary for proper reproductive success. Little research has evaluated the effect of an injectable trace mineral product, in conjunction with a dietary mineral supplementation program, on reproduction. This thesis includes two separate studies evaluating the use of an injectable trace mineral product, in addition to a dietary mineral program, on the reproductive success of yearling bulls and heifers. In the first study, we hypothesized that when dietary trace mineral needs are met, administration of an injectable trace mineral product to developing beef bulls would cause a short-term increase in circulating trace mineral concentrations, but not alter semen quality nor ability to pass a breeding soundness examination. Trace mineral treatment did not affect scrotal circumferences and BW of bulls throughout the trial (P [equal to or greater than] 0.20). Trace Mineral bulls had greater (P [equal to or less than] 0.0001) trace mineral concentrations at 8 h post-treatment than Control bulls. Semen trace mineral concentrations on d 42 and 91 were similar (P [equal to or greater than] 0.52) between treatments. Sperm parameters improved (P [equal to or less than] 0.003) from d 42 to 91, but did not differ (P [equal to or greater than] 0.06) between treatments. A similar (P = 0.94) percentage of Trace Mineral (67%) and Control (68%) bulls passed a BSE 91 d post-treatment. In the present study, supplemental trace mineral injection was successful at raising circulating trace mineral levels, but did not alter semen trace mineral levels nor improve semen quality. In the second study we hypothesized that when dietary trace mineral needs are met, the use of an injectable trace mineral product in developing heifers would not affect pregnancy rates at single service fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Trace Mineral heifers had greater (P = 0.02) pregnancy rates (51.28%) than Control heifers (25.58%). The percentage of Trace Mineral (30.77%) and Control heifers (47.50%) that displayed estrous behavior prior to FTAI as indicated by a red estrous detection patch was not different (P = 0.13) between treatments. In the present study, despite dietary trace mineral requirements being met, use of an injectable trace mineral injection improved pregnancy rates following FTAI, but did not affect estrous behavior.
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Svršek, Michal. "Instalace vstřikovacího systému na traktorový motor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231698.
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The aim of this work is to design the installation of a new injection system to the existing tractor engines and construct new components necessary for proper function of the injection. In the following section is suggesting the location of other accessories for engine control. This is an injection system with a pressure reservoir "Common Rail" and all its components are created in modeling environment PTC Creo 2.0. Designed components are tested for strength and they are subjected to modal analysis.
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Gibb, Stuart William. "Trace determination of ammonia and methylamines by flow injection extraction : ion chromatography in estuarine and marine environments." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240848.
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Nickson, Robert Anthony. "In-situ preconcentration of trace metals in natural waters and brines with analysis by flow injection atomic spectrometry." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2091.
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Atomic spectrometric techniques such as ICP-MS offer exceptional sensitivity and multi-element capability for trace metal analysis but the formation of polyatomic ions (particularly below m/z = 80) can cause serious interferences. Such interfering species may be introduced via precursor atoms in atmospheric gases, the sample matrix or impurities in the reagents and gases. There is an environmental need to establish rapid multi-element methods of analysis for trace metals in environmental waters and the subsequent speciation of these trace elements. Natural waters, particularly those with a high dissolved solids content such as sea water are difficult to analyse directly by ICP techniques due to the sample matrix forming polyatomic ion interferences when using ICP-MS and matrix modification of the background when undertaking ICP-AES studies. This thesis describes the development of analytical methodologies involving on-line sample preconcentration and matrix removal for the determination of trace elements in natural waters and brines using ICP-MS and ICPAES detection for the determination of a suite of trace elements including cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead manganese, nickel, selenium and zinc. Chapter one summarises the techniques used for such analyses and a review of solid phases used for sample preconcentration and matrix removal is given. Chapter two describes the development of an on-line Fl-atomic spectrometric matrix elimination method for the determination of trace metals in the samples discussed. The method involved the chelation of the analytes onto a Metpac CC-1® IDA resin with the simultaneous removal of matrix ions, e.g. Na and CI. The method was successfully validated for the analysis of open ocean sea water and riverine water, and the application of FI-FAAS to the determination of Mn in riverwater using extended preconcentration times to improve sensitivity is described. The influence of sample matrix on the atomic emission of these trace analytes is also discussed. Chapter three describes the application of the developed method to the quantification of trace elements in produced water samples from the north sea oil and gas production fields. Results using FI-ICP-MS and FI-ICP-AES are compared, and a sample is digested using U.V. radiation in order to determine the amount of trace analytes bound to organic material. The influence of matrix concentration on analyte retention and column capacity is investigated, and data obtained from a series of breakthrough curves is used to predict the maximum breakthrough volumes of sample required before analyte is lost as the operating capacity of the column is exceeded, for samples of differing salinities. Chapter four describes the development of an in-situ method of preconcentration of a suite of trace elements using the column system described previously. In-situ preconcentration offers a number of advantages over traditional sample collection and preservation techniques and minimises the potential for sample contamination. The in-situ method involves the use of a battery powered preconcentration unit containing columns, reagents and suitable reagent and sample pumping facilities, and subsequent analysis of these samples in the laboratory by the use of FI-ICP-AES. The method is successfully validated using a coastal sea water certified reference material, and the method is applied to the determination of trace elements in a sample taken from the Tamar Estuary, Devon. Chapter five describes the development of an on-line FI preconcentration-HG-ICP-AES method for the speciation of inorganic selenium in water. Sample was preconcentrated on a Benson BA-XIO® exchange resin. On-line separation of Se(IV) and Se(VI) was achieved, and sensitivity was improved by the adoption of hydride generation prior to analysis for the determination of Se(IV). Se(VI) was determined after off-line pre-reduction to Se(IV). The method was tested by the determination of inorganic selenium in an SRM, NIST 1643C, Trace elements in water and results compared with previous work.
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Ouvrard, Aimeric. "Nouvelles sources lasers à base d'antimoniures pour l'application à l'analyse de traces de gaz dans le domaine spectral 2-2. 5 "µ"m." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20137.
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Ahmed, Mahidi Naji. "Dosimétrie expérimentale et cinétique des traceurs radioactifs pour application humaine : exemple de l'injection thérapeutique du lipiodol marqué à l'iode 131." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10227.
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Les doses recues par le foie et les poumons, chez 10 patients atteints d'un carcinome hepato-cellulaire, et traites dans les suites d'exerese chirurgicale, par dose therapeutique de lipiodol marque a l'iode 131, ont ete evaluees. Les activites cumulees ont ete obtenues par des series d'acquisitions de mesures faites avec une gamma-camera etalonnee, en vue d'etablir la courbe de fixation et d'etudier la cinetique de lipiodol-i#1#3#1 au niveau du foie sain et tumoral (en determinant la periode effective et biologique). Les calculs de dose sont bases sur la methode de mird. Les resultats obtenus prouvent que, dans cette serie des patients operes, la fixation du lipiodol-i#1#3#2 est tres importante au niveau du foie a j1 (en moyenne de 74% de l'activite injectee). Son elimination est essentiellement urinaire, la fixation pulmonaire restant reduite, les doses au foie non tumoral sont dans le cadre des limites acceptables. Ces valeurs ont ete comparees avec celles obtenues par des mesures directes des doses au niveau de la peau en regard du foie a l'aide de dosimetres thermoluminescents (lif). La comparaison entre les valeurs trouvees par les 2 methodes montre qu'il y a une relation, avec un coefficient de correlation tres important, qui a permis de confirmer les premieres mesures
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Misseri, Angela L. "Multi-elemental trace analysis of soils by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using slurry nebulization, flow injection and mixed-gas plasma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ54474.pdf.
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Morville, Jérôme. "Injection des cavités optiques de haute finesse par laser à diode : application à la CW-CRDS et à la détection de traces atmosphériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10092.
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Bounaix, Fabrice. "Etude et réalisation d'un spectromètre haute sensibilité à diode laser pour la mesure de traces de gaz : application à la détection de la vapeur d'eau." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10018.
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Le suivi des processus industriels, le controle des teneurs en gaz a caractere polluant dans l'atmosphere et l'etude des reactions chimiques requierent des instruments capables de detecter de tres faibles teneurs. La spectrometrie d'absorption infrarouge a diode laser apporte une solution a ce probleme en permettant des sensibilites importantes et des temps de reponse de l'ordre de la minute. Ce memoire presente l'etude et la realisation d'un tel spectrometre pour la detection de faibles teneurs en vapeur d'eau. Celui-ci se caracterise par une source laser a semiconducteur du type ingaasp ayant une longueur d'onde d'emission egale a 1,37 micrometre, par l'utilisation d'une cellule multipassage du type herriot ayant une longueur totale de passage d'une vingtaine de metres, enfin par un faible encombrement. Le signal d'absorption est obtenu par un balayage rapide en longueur d'onde, realise en modulant le courant de diode. Une double voie, mesure et reference, permet de s'affranchir de la vapeur d'eau residuelle dans la tete de detection. Le faible signal d'absorption est converti apres amplification en un signal numerique puis moyenne sur plusieurs passages dans le but d'ameliorer le rapport signal sur bruit. Le mode principal de la diode est centre sur la bande d'absorption situee a 1,4 micrometre correspondant a une transition vibrationnelle harmonique. Avec un tel dispositif nous avons montre qu'il etait possible de detecter des concentrations de vapeur d'eau de l'ordre de 100 ppb, avec un signal sur bruit de 10. La sensibilite est essentiellement limitee par des interferences parasites et par l'utilisation d'une diode multimodes. L'emploi d'une source laser monomode (diode dfr ou diode a cavite externe) devrait permettre la mesure de teneur en h#2o inferieures a 10 ppb. Cette technique peut etre etendue a la detection de petites molecules possedant des liaisons x-h (x=c, n, o. . . )
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Chen, Heidi Haiqing. "Development of flow injection on-line precipitation-dissolution coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace elements in saline water." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63411.pdf.
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Mundell, Lauren Rae. "Effects of pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on performance of beef cows and calves grazing native range." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
K C Olson
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-partum bolus injections of a trace mineral solution on beef cow reproductive performance, body weight (BW) change, and body condition score (BCS) change and on performance of suckling calves. Mature beef cows (n = 460; initial BW = 497 ± 89 kg, initial BCS = 5.4 ± 0.74) were stratified by BCS, parity, and predicted calving date and assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) subcutaneous trace mineral (TM) injection containing 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 10 mg/mL Mn, and 60 mg/mL Zn or 2) subcutaneous injection of physiological saline (SA). Injections were administered to cows (1 mL / 90 kg BW) 105 days before the first projected calving date and again 30 days before fixed-time AI. Calves received the same treatment as their dams and were injected (1 mL / 45 kg BW) at birth and again at 71 ± 21 days of age. Cows grazed native pastures for the duration of the study; trace mineral supplements and white salt were available to all cattle ad libitum before and during the study. Ovulation was synchronized using a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol and cows were inseminated 60 to 64 hours after CIDR removal. Cows were exposed to fertile bulls for natural-service breeding 10 days after AI for 35 to 50 days. Conception to AI and final pregnancy rate were assessed 36 days after AI with ultrasound and 120 days after AI via rectal palpation. Change in BW and BCS from initiation of the study to calving and from AI to weaning did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between TM and SA cows. Conversely, TM cows had greater (P = 0.04) BCS increase than SA cows between calving and AI. Calf BW at birth, ADG, and age-adjusted weaning BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Proportion of cows with estrus cycles 17 and 8 days before ovulation synchronization was similar (P ≥ 0.51) between treatments. Conception to AI was greater (P = 0.05) for cows receiving TM (60.2%) than for cows receiving SA (51.2%); however, overall pregnancy did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments and averaged 92%. Under the conditions of our study, pre- and post-partum TM injections improved conception to fixed-time AI by beef cows.
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Božik, Michal. "Systém common rail pro šestiválcový vznětový motor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231341.
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This thesis deals with the installation of high-pressure common rail injection system for six-cylinder tractor diesel engine. In the first part of the thesis is dismantled issue injection systems and related aspects. The next part is the installation of a fuel injection system, which involves placing components common rail system, the implementation of necessary interventions in engine design and the design of new components. The final section effect control calculations and stress analysis of new injection system components.
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Ripert, Marc. "Détermination par intercorrélation et champs de Markov des champs de vitesse en vélocimétrie laser par injection de traceurs fluoresents dans un canal à courant." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0005.
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Nguyen, Ba Tong. "Mesures de traces de gaz par spectroscopie d'absorption par diodes lasers accordables. Application à la surveillance de l'environnement." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20201.
Full textAbstract:
Le besoin d'analyse de gaz à l'état de traces s'est accentué ces dernières années en raison des préoccupations du public et de l'industrie sur des questions telles que le contrôle des émissions de polluants atmosphériques, la surveillance de l'environnement au sens large, la santé et la sécurité au travail. Il est donc nécessaire de posséder des instruments de détection sélectifs, sensibles et capables d'effectuer une mesure directe en temps réel. La fiabilité des systèmes de mesure est également un critère important et, selon l'application envisagée, s'ajoute aussi le besoin de miniaturisation pour aller vers des microsystèmes permettant le développement de dispositifs portables pour des opérations sur site.Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit est situé dans ce contexte et porte sur l'étude et la mise au point d'un système sensible, efficace et assez simple à mettre en œuvre permettant de réaliser des mesures de traces de gaz sélectives, en temps réel et in-situ. Ce système est basé sur la spectroscopie d'absorption par quartz (QEPAS, Quartz Enhanced PhotoAcoustic Spectrocopy) qui consiste en la mesure d'une onde acoustique générée après la relaxation non-radiative des molécules excitées par l'absorption de la lumière modulée émise par des diodes lasers accordables, à l'aide d'un diapason à quartz (QTF). Le fonctionnement des sources lasers accordables et du QTF ainsi que différentes configurations du spectrophone (association du micro-résonateur et du QTF) utilisés dans cette technique QEPAS sont détaillés. Une modélisation de l'onde acoustique et de la réponse du capteur est également proposée. Deux dispositifs ont été réalisés. Le premier, nommé banc QEPAS prototype, est dédié à la mesure de l'éthylène avec une diode laser DFB émettant à 3,32 µm. Le second dispositif est une nouvelle version de capteur QEPAS, plus compacte que des dispositifs existant actuellement, dans laquelle il est possible de placer tout type de diode laser commerciale montée dans des supports de type T0xx. Ce banc compact est utilisé pour la mesure de méthane avec notamment une diode laser DFB émettant à 3,26 µmThe need for trace gas analysis has increased in recent years due to an important concern of the public and industry on issues such as the control of emissions of air pollutants, environmental monitoring, health and security. It is therefore necessary to have the trace gas sensors able of high selectivity, sensitivity and a direct measurement in real time. The reliability of the measurement systems is also an important criterion, depending on the intended application, the need to move towards miniaturization of microsystems for the development of portable devices for on-site operations is also interesting.This thesis is in this context and focuses on the study and development of a sensitive, efficient and simple setup to make selective, in-situ and in real time measurements of trace gases. This system is based on quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectrocopy (QEPAS) which consists on the measurement of an acoustic wave generated by the non-radiative relaxation of the excited molecules after light absorption, with a quartz tuning fork (QTF). The operation of tunable laser sources, of QTF and different spectrophone configurations (combination of the micro-resonator and QTF) used in QEPAS technique are detailed. A model of the acoustic wave and the response of the sensor are also proposed. Two devices have been designed. The first one is a QEPAS prototype bench, dedicated to the measurement of ethylene with a DFB laser diode emitting at 3.32 µm. The second device is a new version of QEPAS sensor that is more compact than the currently existing devices and where it is possible to place any type of commercial laser diode. This compact bench is used for methane measurement with a DFB laser diode emitting at 3.26 µm
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Brhel, Štěpán. "Systém common rail pro čtyřválcový vznětový motor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230022.
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This master´s thesis deals with instalation of high pressure injection system Common Rail on four-cylinder tractor CI engine. Thesis introduces in the first part the injection systems of CI and tractor engines and related issues. In the next part is solved the conversion of engine, design of most important components - injetor, high pressure pump, pressure accumulator and high-pressure pipes and then stress analysis of new components.
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Birchill, Antony James. "The seasonal cycling and physico-chemical speciation of iron on the Celtic and Hebridean shelf seas." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10236.
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Shelf seas represent an important source of iron (Fe) to the open ocean. Additionally, shelf seas are highly productive environments which contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown and support large fisheries. The work presented in this thesis describes the seasonal cycle of Fe in the Celtic and Hebridean Shelf Seas, and determines the physico-chemical speciation of Fe supplied from oxic margins. The results from repeated field surveys of the central Celtic Sea showed a nutrient type seasonal cycling of dissolved Fe (< 0.2 µm; dFe), which is surprising in a particle rich shelf system, suggesting a balance of scavenging and remineralisation processes. Coincident drawdown of dFe and nitrate (NO3-) was observed during the phytoplankton spring bloom. During the bloom, preferential drawdown of soluble Fe (< 0.02 µm; sFe) over colloidal Fe (0.02-0.2 µm; cFe) indicated greater bioavailability of the soluble fraction. Throughout summer stratification, it is known that NO3- is drawn down to < 0.02 µM in surface waters. This study revealed that both dFe and labile particulate Fe (LpFe) were also seasonally drawn down to < 0.2 nM. Consequently, it is hypothesised that the availability of Fe seasonally co-limits primary production in this region. At depth both dFe and NO3- concentrations increased from spring to autumn, indicating that remineralisation is an important process governing the seasonal cycling of dFe in the central Celtic Sea. In spring, summer and autumn, distinctive intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) were observed emanating from the Celtic Sea shelf slope. The INLs were associated with elevated concentrations of dFe (up to 3.25 ± 0.16 nM) and particulate Fe (up to 315 ± 1.8 nM) indicating that they are a persistent conduit for the supply of Fe to the open ocean. Typically > 15% of particulate Fe was labile and 60-90% of dFe was in the colloidal fraction. Despite being < 50 km from the 200 m isobath, the concentration of dFe was < 0.1 nM in surface waters at several stations. Broadly, the concentration of nutrients in surface waters described an oligotrophic environment where co-limitation between multiple nutrients, including Fe, appears likely. Over the Hebridean shelf break, residual surface NO3- concentrations (5.27 ± 0.79 µM) and very low concentrations of dFe (0.09 ± 0.04 nM) were observed during autumn, implying seasonal Fe limitation. The dFe:NO3- ratio observed is attributed to sub-optimal vertical supply of Fe relative to NO3- from sub-surface waters. In contrast to the shelf break, surface water in coastal regions contained elevated dFe concentrations (1.73 ± 1.16 nM) alongside low NO3-. Seasonal Fe limitation is known to occur in the Irminger and Iceland Basins; therefore, the Hebridean shelf break likely represents the eastern extent of sub-Arctic Atlantic seasonal Fe limitation, thus indicating that the associated weakening of the biological carbon pump exists over a wider region of the sub-Arctic Atlantic than previously recognised. These key findings demonstrate that the availability of Fe to phytoplankton may seasonally reach limiting levels in temperate shelf waters and that oxic margins persistently supply Fe dominated by colloidal and particulate fractions to the ocean.
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Marcano, Brito Francia. "Evaluation des paramètres structuraux des asphaltènes et de leurs effets sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques des bruts." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3008/document.
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Le but de ce travail est de fournir des informations qui peuvent aider à clarifier le mécanisme par lequel se produit la précipitation d’asphaltènes afin d'optimiser les modèles qui prédisent ce phénomène. Premièrement, la composition chimique des fractions aromatiques et saturées est analysée au regard à la stabilité des asphaltènes dans le brut. Plus précisément, la composition SARA de différents bruts vénézuéliens est corrélée au seuil de floculation des asphaltènes. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les saturées, semblables aux résines, ont un effet significatif sur la stabilité des asphaltènes dans le brut. Deuxièmement, la teneur en Ni et V dans les asphaltènes et leurs sous fractions A1 et A2 a été déterminé par spectroscopie d'émission atomique avec plasma inductif. Les données expérimentales établissent que A1 a une concentration en V et en Ni supérieure à celle de A2, quelque soit la stabilité des bruts. Nous interprétons ces données comme l’illustration d’interactions fortes, telles que des liaisons covalentes entre pétroporphyrines et les molécules d’asphaltènes. Finalement, un dispositif haut pression est utilisé pour détecter visuellement la pression seuil de floculation d'un système modèle correspondant à une solution d’asphaltènes dans un mélange toluène/heptane/CO2. Les résultats confirment, pour ces systèmes gazés, que les augmentations de pression conduisent à une augmentation de la solubilité des asphaltènes et que pour la température il y a deux régimes opposés. Le premier correspond à une diminution de la stabilité du fluide avec l’augmentation de la température et le second, passé une valeur seuil proche de 80°C, conduit au phénomène inverseThe purpose of this work is to provide information that can help in clarifying the mechanism by which asphaltene precipitation occurs in order to optimize the models that predict the phenomenon. The study is divided into three chapters. In the first one, the constituents of aromatic and saturate fractions of some Venezuelan crude oils were associated with the asphaltenes stability. SARA composition was correlated with asphaltene flocculation onsets and the results showed that saturates, similar to resins, have a significant effect on the flocculation process of the asphaltenes. In the second chapter, the concentration of Ni and V was determined in asphaltenes and their fractions A1 and A2. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and elemental combustion analysis. Results show that A1 presents higher Ni and V concentrations than A2, in both stable and unstable crude oils. These results can be explained by strong interactions, such as covalent bonds between the petroporphyrins and the asphaltene molecules. In the final section, the asphaltenes phase envelopes were obteined for a system consisting of asphaltene in a mixture toluene/heptane/CO2. The temperature ranges 10-150 °C with varying concentrations of CO2 between 10 and 20 wt%. The experimental results confirm that increase of pressure leads to increase of solubility of the asphaltenes in the medium. Also, there are two temperature regimes having opposite trends. First, the solubility of the asphaltenes increases with the temperature, then after a threshold value of 80 °C, the stability is getting worse with the temperature
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Maier, Friedrich. "Improved tracer techniques for georeservoir applications." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5D95-9.
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Für eine effiziente und nachhaltige Nutzung von Georeservoiren sind bestmögliche Reservoirmanagementverfahren erforderlich. Oft setzen diese Verfahren auf Tracer-Tests. Dabei enthalten die aufgezeichneten Tracersignale integrale Informationen der Reservoireigenschaften. Tracer-Tests bieten somit eine leistungsfähige Technik zur Charakterisierung und Überwachung der bewirtschafteten Georeservoire. Im Gegensatz zu Tracer-Tests mit konservativen Tracern, welche bereits etablierte Testroutinen zur Verfügung stellen, ist die Verwendung von reaktiven Tracern ein neuer Ansatz. Aufgrund unpassender physikalisch-chemischer Modelle und/oder falschen Annahmen ist die Analyse und Interpretation von reaktiven Tracersignalen jedoch oft verzerrt, fehlinterpretiert oder sogar unmöglich. Reaktive Tracer sind dennoch unersetzbar, da sie durch die gezielte Ausnutzung selektiver und spezifischer Reaktionen mögliche Metriken von Reservoirtestverfahren auf einzigartige Weise erweitern. So liefern reaktive Tracer für ein integriertes Reservoirmanagement geforderten Aussagen über Reservoirmetriken wie z.B. Wärmeaustauschflächen oder in-situ Temperaturen.
Um Unsicherheiten bei der Auswertung von Tracerexperimenten zu reduzieren, werden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu hydrolysierenden Tracern vorgestellt. Diese Tracer sind durch ihre Reaktion mit Wasser charakterisiert. Einerseits können sie als thermo-sensitive Tracer Informationen über Temperaturen und abgekühlte Anteile eines beprobten Reservoirs liefern. Für die Interpretation von thermo-sensitiven Tracerexperimenten sind die Kenntnis der zugrunde liegenden Reaktionsmechanismen sowie bekannte Arrhenius-Parameter Voraussetzung, um die verwendete Reaktion pseudo erster Ordnung nutzen zu können. Darüber hinaus ermöglichen die verwendeten Verbindungen durch ihre Fluoreszenzeigenschaften eine Online-Messung. Um die Empfindlichkeit und praktischen Grenzen thermo-sensitiver Tracer zu untersuchen, wurden kontrollierte Laborexperimente in einem eigens dafür entwickelten Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt. Dieser besteht aus zwei seriell geschalteten Säulen, die beide mit Sand gefüllt sind und jeweils auf eine eigene Temperatur eingestellt werden können. Somit ist es möglich, verschiedene thermische Einstellungen zu betrachten. Die untersuchten experimentellen Szenarien imitieren größtenteils Feldanwendungen: Durchflussexperimente sowie auch Experimente mit einer Umkehr der Fließrichtung. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob thermo-sensitive Tracer auch sensitiv gegenüber der Position der Temperaturfront sind. Dabei wurden die Tracer kontinuierlich oder gepulst injiziert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die zugrunde liegende Theorie experimentell. Wenn die pH-Abhängigkeit der Hydrolyse bei der Analyse berücksichtigt wird, kann eine Temperaturschätzung mit einer Genauigkeit und Präzision von bis zu 1 K erreicht werden. Die Schätzungen sind von Verweilzeit und gemessenen Konzentrationen unabhängig. Weiterhin lässt sich eine Schätzung über den ausgekühlten Anteil des Systems erhalten. Durch die steuerbaren und definierten Laborbedingungen ist es erstmals möglich, die geforderte Anwendbarkeit von thermo-sensitiven Tracern belastbar nachzuweisen.
Des Weiteren wird eine zweite Anwendung hydrolysierender Tracer vorgeschlagen. Beim Lösen von CO2 für „Carbon Capture and Storage“-Anwendungen hängt die Effizienz maßgeblich von der Grenzfläche zwischen CO2 und der Sole in tiefen Reservoiren ab. Somit ist diese Metrik wichtig, um die Effizienz der CO2 Auflösung in Wasser zu bewerten. Die gezielt entwickelten Kinetic-Interface-Senitive-Tracer (KIS-Tracer) nutzen, zusätzlich zur Hydrolyse an der Grenzfläche, die unterschiedlichen Lösungseigenschaften von Tracer und Reaktionsprodukt im entsprechenden Fluid. Somit lassen sich potentiell Aussagen über die Dynamik der Grenzfläche machen. Neben dem grundlegenden Konzept sowie den theoretischen Tracer-Anforderungen wird eine erste Anwendung im Laborexperiment vorgestellt. Diese zeigt das erfolgreiche, zielorientierte Moleküldesign und bietet eine experimentelle Basis für ein makroskopisches numerisches Modell, mit welchem numerische Simulationen verschiedener Testszenarien durchgeführt werden, um das Zusammenspiel von KIS-Tracer und dynamischer Grenzfläche zu untersuchen.
Aufgrund der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit hydrolysierender Tracer werden in der Regel auch thermische Signale aufgezeichnet. Der letzte Teil prüft die Möglichkeit, Informationen aus den aufgezeichneten Temperaturen zu extrahieren. Für ein idealisiertes Einzelkluftsystem wird eine Reihe von analytischen Lösungen diskutiert. Aus thermischen Injektion-/Entzugsversuchen können damit räumliche und zeitliche Profile abgeleitet werden. Mit der Verwendung von mathematisch effizienten Inversionsverfahren wie der iterativen Laplace-Transformation lassen sich rechentechnisch effiziente Realraum-Lösungen ableiten. Durch die Einführung von drei dimensionslosen Kennzahlen können die berechneten Temperaturprofile auf Bruchbreite oder Wärmetransportrate, wechselnde Injektions-/ Pumpraten und/oder auf in der Nähe beobachtbare räumliche Informationen analysiert werden. Schließlich werden analytische Lösungen als Kernel-Funktionen für nichtlineare Optimierungsalgorithmen vorgestellt.
Zusammenfassend bearbeitet die vorliegende Arbeit den Übergang zwischen Tracerauswahl und Traceranwendung. Die Ergebnisse helfen Planungs- und Analyseunsicherheiten zu reduzieren. Dies wird bezüglich der Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Temperaturen, Kühlungsanteilen, flüssig/flüssig-Grenzfläche, Kluftbreite und Wärmetransportrate gezeigt. Somit bieten die vorgestellten Tracerkonzepte neue Metriken zur Verbesserung von Reservoirmanagementverfahren. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse und die neuen analytischen Modelle ermöglichen einen tiefen Einblick in die kollektive Rolle der Parameter, welche die Hydrolyse und den Wärmetransport in Georeservoiren kontrollieren.
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Giesbrecht, Timothy. "The distribution of aluminum in Beaufort Sea and the development of a sequential injection method for the determination of aluminum in natural waters." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2680.
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Here we report vertical profiles of dissolved (0.2 um filtered) Aluminum (Al) for eight stations in the Beaufort Sea in the Canadian Arctic, six of which are along a transect extending from the coastal shelf northeast of the Mackenzie River delta out to the Beaufort Sea. Sampling was performed aboard the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier in September 2007 and all analyses were performed in a Class 100 clean space at the University of Victoria. Vertical profiles of dissolved Al in the water column displayed surface maxima, subsurface minima and a general increase in concentration with depth as is characteristic of a “scavenged” trace element in seawater. Concentrations of dissolved Al for the upper 1000 m were generally low ranging from the < 1 nmol kg-1 observed in the sub-surface minimum corresponding to the Pacific inflow layer and increasing to ~6-10 nmol kg-1 with depth. The surface maxima at stations for Al was associated with relatively fresh surface water (26-30 PSS) that is believed to be the result of seasonal sea-ice melt. This correlation suggests that the melting of sea-ice with entrained sediments may be an important mechanism for the delivery of Al and associated trace metals to the water column of the Beaufort Sea. We also report measurements of “total Al” (unfiltered and acidified to pH 1.7 for two year prior to analysis) for the Arctic Ocean which indicate that a significant proportion of Al in the water column is present in the > 0.2 um fraction. These measurements and the hydrographic data along the transect indicate the transport of a cold, saline, metal enriched water mass off of the continental shelf into the Canada Basin. This water mass appears to reflect the return of cold, high salinity slope water originally emplaced on the shelf by upwelling favourable winds. Alternatively, this water mass may be the product of brine exclusion from sea-ice formation during the previous winter that was unable to vacate the shelf due to the persistent upwelling observed throughout 2007. This finding suggests that the convection of cold, dense shelf water may be a mechanism for supplying the deep waters of the Arctic with an injection of water containing a significant Al content.
In addition, a low volume sequential injection analysis (SIA) method is proposed for determination of elevated concentrations of Al, like those typically observed in coastal and river waters. A thorough optimization of the chemistry and instrumental parameters was performed along with an extensive investigation into potential interferents. The method was found to be largely free of interferents at environmentally relevant concentrations and was determined to have a detection limit of 24 nM. The precision of the method was reported to be 2% at 75 nmol kg-1 and analysis of the SLRS-4 certified reference material validated the accuracy of the method. Analysis of several samples that were previously analyzed via flow injection analysis (FIA) and standardized with consensus values of an open ocean reference material indicated the method returned comparable values for the Al concentration in the samples. Development and optimization of the SIA has resulted in an accurate and precise low-cost method of analysis that is both sensitive and relatively free from interference for the detection of nano-molar levels of Al in coastal and natural waters.
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Karmakar, Shyamal. "Single-well tracer push-pull method development for subsurface process characterization." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7CCD-8.
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Huang, Rong-Mao, and 黃榮茂. "Trace element determination studies by flow injection analysis." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94106087946495498438.
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Yourd, Emily Ruth. "Forensic and environmental applications of flow injection separations of trace metals." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3078729.
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Forensic scientists attempt to solve crimes through examination of the evidence found at crime scenes. By determining the relative concentrations of certain elements present in bullets, a profile of an individual sample can be developed that will allow investigators to match ammunition from a crime scene with that from a known source. The removal of a substantial proportion of the lead matrix is required for the determination of trace elements in bullets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Several flow injection methods for the selective removal of lead from bullets have been developed. On-line solid-phase extraction with the commercially available resin Pb-Spec® removed the matrix quantitatively. Pb-Spec incorporates an immobilized crown ether, giving the resin selectivity for lead. The analytes were not retained, but passed through the column for quantification by ICP-MS. The method was validated by analyzing NIST SRMs 2415 (battery lead), 2416 (bullet lead), and 2417 (lead-based alloy). The injection of large sample volumes into a flow injection ICP-MS system produces transient peaks with flat tops. The signal at peak maximum is directly proportional to analyte concentration. Sample throughput can be improved by making replicate measurements during the residence time at peak maximum instead of requiring multiple sample injections. A successful procedure utilizing Pb-Spec for the removal of matrix lead from a bullet sample was developed, and validated by the analysis of SRMs. On-line precipitation and filtration of the matrix was examined. The bullet sample was combined with sulfuric acid, and the conditions for maximum precipitation were obtained. The resultant lead sulfate was filtered on a column packed with macerated glass wool. The formation of sulfates by the analytes was not favored, so they were detected by ICP-MS. The potential for lead preconcentration by Pb-Spec was investigated with environmental water samples, and the retention characteristics were examined in detail. The feasibility of incorporating a crown ether-containing supported liquid membrane into a flow injection manifold was investigated for the removal of high concentrations of lead from solutions. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the time scale of mass transfer was too slow for flow injection applications.
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Liu, Yu-Huan, and 劉宇桓. "Determination of Trace Lead and Cadmium by Flow Injection Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46561892667194986949.
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Liu, Yu Huan, and 劉宇桓. "Determination of Trace Lead and Cadmium by Flow Injection Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07265580529402426600.
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Yu-Hsia, Hsu. "TFC: A Tool of Trace, Fault Injection and Crash Rescue for Linux Device Drivers." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0005-1007200620092900.
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TSAY, JAW JER, and 蔡兆哲. "Trace Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Urine by Flow Injection - Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14310602255112807563.
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Hsu, Yu-Hsia, and 許玉霞. "TFC: A Tool of Trace, Fault Injection and Crash Rescue for Linux Device Drivers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19495407785293394079.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
94
This paper presents a new mechanism that enables system to run correctly when device drivers fail. Moreover, the presented tool: TFC uses the kprobes infrastructure to dynamically instrument the kernel applications (driver module) and is confirmed from observed results (tests on the PCI network interface card driver for the Linux operation system) to be helpful to Trace, Fault injection, and Crash rescue for Linux device drivers. With TFC, the system can indeed survive the failure of the device driver. There are several techniques programmers can use to monitor kernel code and trace errors. TFC is most easy understanding for pinpointing runtime errors from system calls automatically and saving system from crash concurrently. Often the other debugging tools in the application or demo program isn’t verbose enough to be useful for debugging, and being able to tell exactly which arguments to which system call triggered the error can be a great help. TFC also provides fault injection function for programmers to observe the driver response. TFC is a totally solution to provide the instrumentation data to speed the Linux device driver programming. The primary advantage of the TFC clearly lies in its permitting users to dynamically load and unload into the running kernel. The TFC can be introduced without any changes to the OS kernel and with no changes at all to existing device drivers.
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Fa, Jeng Chueu —., and 鄭春發. "Determination of Trace Tin by Automated Flow Injection - Constant Current Adsorptive Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72968547793296492444.
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ZHANG, CHAO-MIN, and 張朝明. "Trace determination of lead and cadmium by flow injection analysis-anodic stripping voltammetry and it's automation." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22321250976488461496.
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Wang, Jun-Shiou, and 王駿修. "The Error Trace, Fault Injection and Crash Rescue Mechanism for The RT2500 Wireless LAN Card Driver." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28456294142793145700.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
95
Over the past five years, the world has become increasingly mobile. If users must be connected to a network by physical cables, their movement is dramatically reduced. Wireless connectivity, however, poses no such restriction and allows a great deal more free movement on the part of the network user. 802.11 has been a kind of generally ways that connect to Internet, as long as there is an access-point (AP), it will offer users to connect Internet and need to go through the Ethernet again. Wireless network with goodly convenient, so that the utility rate of wireless card will be raised. This paper uses the kprobes infrastructure to dynamically instrument the kernel applications (driver module) and it is confirmed from observed results (tests on the PCI network interface card driver for the Linux operation system) to be helpful to Trace, Fault injection, and Crash rescue for Linux device drivers. With this paper’s debug program, the system can indeed survive the failure of the RT2500 Wireless LAN card driver. Several programming techniques can use to monitor kernel code and trace errors. The study of debug program is easier to understand for pinpointing runtime errors from system calls automatically and saving system from crash concurrently. In usual, the other debugging tools in the application or demo program isn’t verbose enough to be useful for debugging, and being able to tell exactly which arguments to system calls triggered the error can be a great helping. Furthermore, the study also provides fault injection function for programmers to observe the RT2500 Wireless LAN card driver response. Finally, this paper’s debug program clearly lies in its permitting users to dynamically load and unload into the running kernel. It can be introduced without any changes to the OS kernel and with no changes at all to existing device drivers.
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Nicolidakis, Helen. "The extraction and analysis of dissolved trace metals from seawater using on-line flow injection inductively coupled mass spectrometry." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7523.
Full textAbstract:
A method utilizing flow injection (Fl) for on-line preconcentration with
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection has been
developed for analyzing dissolved zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, lead,
manganese, gallium and niobium in seawater. This method was used to
investigate the distributions of these trace metals in the western, central and
sub-Arctic North Pacific Ocean.
Using on-line Fl methods to replace conventional
preconcentration/separation techniques results in significant decreases in
sample and reagent volumes and sample work up and analysis time. This
method used a column filled with 8-hydroxyquinoline on silica resin to
preconcentrate up to 18 millilitres of seawater for a minimum sample throughput
of six per hour. Concentrations of these elements ranged between 0.01 and 12
nmol/kg, with analytical precision being better than 12 % for all elements except
Cu, and detection limits in the low picomolar range (1 - 90 pmol/kg). The
accuracy of the technique was verified by analysis of standard reference
material from the National Research Council of Canada for Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb
and Mn.
This Fl method was also incorporated into the design of a prototype
sampler with multi-sampling capabilities which was developed to preconcentrate
trace metals from seawater remotely. The sampler was submerged in-house for
a period of one week, and operated successfully. Before collecting
contaminant-free seawater samples, a second generation sampler is required.
The results obtained for Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Mn using the on-line
Fl-ICP-MS method developed here showed the expected distributions, agreeing
well with profiles previously determined using the same samples and with
profiles measured by other labs in the same region of the North Pacific.
The first set of dissolved Ga data from the western North Pacific are
presented here. When coupled with published data from the sub-Arctic North
Pacific Current and from the central gyre, the new information yields a better
understanding of the controls of dissolved Ga behaviour in the North Pacific. At
all stations, Ga shows high surface concentrations, a minimum at ~1000 m and
increases at greater depth. Sub-surface maxima at ~ 500 m are observed in the
central gyre and in the sub-arctic North Pacific Current, but not in the western
North Pacific. Dissolved Ga in surface waters is highest in the central gyre (14
to 19 pmol/kg), an area with low dust input from the Asian continent and low
productivity. In the western Pacific, where dust input and productivity are both
high, surface water Ga values are lower (9 to 12 pmol/kg). This indicates that
the high levels of Ga in the central gyre and the presence of the sub-surface
maximum in this region are not due to advection from the western North Pacific.
The lowest surface concentrations (4 to 10 pmol/kg) are found in the sub-Arctic
North Pacific Current, an area with low dust input and high productivity.
The first full depth profiles of niobium in the ocean are reported in this
dissertation. The Nb distributions in the North Pacific show low surface
concentrations and sub-surface and mid-depth maxima coincidental with the
boundaries of the O₂ minimum. Nb concentrations range between 10 and 80
pmol/kg in surface waters, 40 and 100 pmol/kg in the upper boundary of the O₂
minimum zone, 40 and 200 pmol/kg in the lower boundary of the O₂ minimum
zone and 10 and 100 pmol/kg in deep waters. The concentrations decrease with
distance from the Asian continent, and increase in the North Equatorial Current,
suggesting horizontal advection of high Nb waters from both the western and
eastern Pacific boundaries. The distribution of Nb may also be affected by Mn
and nutrient cycling and pH changes in the O₂ minimum zone, though the extent
of these cannot be ascertained at present.