Journal articles: 'Tracheal replacement'

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Grillo, Hermes C. "Tracheal replacement." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 125, no. 4 (April 2003): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2003.260.

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Etienne, Harry, Dominique Fabre, Abel Gomez Caro, Frederic Kolb, Sacha Mussot, Olaf Mercier, Delphine Mitilian, Francois Stephan, Elie Fadel, and Philippe Dartevelle. "Tracheal replacement." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 2 (February 2018): 1702211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02211-2017.

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Tracheal reconstruction is one of the greatest challenges in thoracic surgery when direct end-to-end anastomosis is impossible or after this procedure has failed. The main indications for tracheal reconstruction include malignant tumours (squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma), tracheoesophageal fistula, trauma, unsuccessful surgical results for benign diseases and congenital stenosis. Tracheal substitutes can be classified into five types: 1) synthetic prosthesis; 2) allografts; 3) tracheal transplantation; 4) tissue engineering; and 5) autologous tissue composite. The ideal tracheal substitute is still unclear, but some techniques have shown promising clinical results. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of each technique used over the past few decades in clinical practice. The main limitation seems to be the capacity for tracheal tissue regeneration. The physiopathology behind this has yet to be fully understood. Research on stem cells sparked much interest and was thought to be a revolutionary technique; however, the poor long-term results of this approach highlight that there is a long way to go in this research field. Currently, an autologous tissue composite, with or without a tracheal allograft, is the only long-term working solution for every aetiology, despite its technical complexity and setbacks.

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Grillo, Hermes C. "Tracheal replacement." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 49, no. 6 (June 1990): 864–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(90)90857-3.

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Dharmadhikari, Sayali, Cameron A. Best, Nakesha King, Michaela Henderson, Jed Johnson, Christopher K. Breuer, and Tendy Chiang. "Mouse Model of Tracheal Replacement With Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419826134.

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Objectives: The clinical experience with tissue-engineered tracheal grafts (TETGs) has been fraught with graft stenosis and delayed epithelialization. A mouse model of orthotopic replacement that recapitulates the clinical findings would facilitate the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying graft stenosis. Methods: Electrospun nanofiber tracheal scaffolds were created using nonresorbable (polyethylene terephthalate + polyurethane) and co-electrospun resorbable (polylactide-co-caprolactone/polyglycolic acid) polymers (n = 10/group). Biomechanical testing was performed to compare load displacement of nanofiber scaffolds to native mouse tracheas. Mice underwent orthotopic tracheal replacement with syngeneic grafts (n = 5) and nonresorbable (n = 10) and resorbable (n = 10) scaffolds. Tissue at the anastomosis was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), K5+ basal cells were evaluated with the help of immunofluorescence testing, and cellular infiltration of the scaffold was quantified. Micro computed tomography was performed to assess graft patency and correlate radiographic and histologic findings with respiratory symptoms. Results: Synthetic scaffolds were supraphysiologic in compression tests compared to native mouse trachea ( P < .0001). Nonresorbable scaffolds were stiffer than resorbable scaffolds ( P = .0004). Eighty percent of syngeneic recipients survived to the study endpoint of 60 days postoperatively. Mean survival with nonresorbable scaffolds was 11.40 ± 7.31 days and 6.70 ± 3.95 days with resorbable scaffolds ( P = .095). Stenosis manifested with tissue overgrowth in nonresorbable scaffolds and malacia in resorbable scaffolds. Quantification of scaffold cellular infiltration correlated with length of survival in resorbable scaffolds (R2 = 0.95, P = .0051). Micro computed tomography demonstrated the development of graft stenosis at the distal anastomosis on day 5 and progressed until euthanasia was performed on day 11. Conclusion: Graft stenosis seen in orthotopic tracheal replacement with synthetic tracheal scaffolds can be modeled in mice. The wide array of lineage tracing and transgenic mouse models available will permit future investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TETG stenosis.

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Haag, Johannes C., Philipp Jungebluth, and Paolo Macchiarini. "Tracheal replacement for primary tracheal cancer." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 21, no. 2 (April 2013): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/moo.0b013e32835e212b.

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Mercier, Olaf, Frédéric Kolb, and Philippe G. Dartevelle. "Autologous Tracheal Replacement." Thoracic Surgery Clinics 28, no. 3 (August 2018): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.05.007.

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Damiano, Giuseppe, Vincenzo Davide Palumbo, Salvatore Fazzotta, Francesco Curione, Giulia Lo Monte, Valerio Maria Bartolo Brucato, and Attilio Ignazio Lo Monte. "Current Strategies for Tracheal Replacement: A Review." Life 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070618.

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Airway cancers have been increasing in recent years. Tracheal resection is commonly performed during surgery and is burdened from post-operative complications severely affecting quality of life. Tracheal resection is usually carried out in primary tracheal tumors or other neoplasms of the neck region. Regenerative medicine for tracheal replacement using bio-prosthesis is under current research. In recent years, attempts were made to replace and transplant human cadaver trachea. An effective vascular supply is fundamental for a successful tracheal transplantation. The use of biological scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues has the advantage of a three-dimensional structure based on the native extracellular matrix promoting the perfusion, vascularization, and differentiation of the seeded cell typologies. By appropriately modulating some experimental parameters, it is possible to change the characteristics of the surface. The obtained membranes could theoretically be affixed to a decellularized tissue, but, in practice, it needs to ensure adhesion to the biological substrate and/or glue adhesion with biocompatible glues. It is also known that many of the biocompatible glues can be toxic or poorly tolerated and induce inflammatory phenomena or rejection. In tissue and organ transplants, decellularized tissues must not produce adverse immunological reactions and lead to rejection phenomena; at the same time, the transplant tissue must retain the mechanical properties of the original tissue. This review describes the attempts so far developed and the current lines of research in the field of tracheal replacement.

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Liu, Lumei, Sayali Dharmadhikari, Kimberly M. Shontz, Zheng Hong Tan, Barak M. Spector, Brooke Stephens, Maxwell Bergman, et al. "Regeneration of partially decellularized tracheal scaffolds in a mouse model of orthotopic tracheal replacement." Journal of Tissue Engineering 12 (January 2021): 204173142110174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314211017417.

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Decellularized tracheal scaffolds offer a potential solution for the repair of long-segment tracheal defects. However, complete decellularization of trachea is complicated by tracheal collapse. We created a partially decellularized tracheal scaffold (DTS) and characterized regeneration in a mouse model of tracheal transplantation. All cell populations except chondrocytes were eliminated from DTS. DTS maintained graft integrity as well as its predominant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We then assessed the performance of DTS in vivo. Grafts formed a functional epithelium by study endpoint (28 days). While initial chondrocyte viability was low, this was found to improve in vivo. We then used atomic force microscopy to quantify micromechanical properties of DTS, demonstrating that orthotopic implantation and graft regeneration lead to the restoration of native tracheal rigidity. We conclude that DTS preserves the cartilage ECM, supports neo-epithelialization, endothelialization and chondrocyte viability, and can serve as a potential solution for long-segment tracheal defects.

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Fica, Mauricio, Patricio Rodríguez, Rafael Prats, and María MananaMañana. "Tracheal hamartoma: pericardial flap replacement of membranous tracheal wall." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 21, no. 2 (February 2002): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01069-7.

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Tojo, Takashi, Kazuo Niwaya, Noriyoshi Sawabata, Keiji Kushibe, Kunimoto Nezu, Sigeki Taniguchi, and Soichiro Kitamura. "Tracheal replacement with cryopreserved tracheal allograft: experiment in dogs." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 66, no. 1 (July 1998): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00270-7.

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Tsukada, Hisashi, Samaan Rafeq, Adnan Majid, Robert Garland, Sidhu Gangadharan, Felix Herth, Malcolm DeCamp, and Armin Ernst. "CT Analysis of Tracheal Approximation in Experimental Tracheal Replacement." Chest 138, no. 4 (October 2010): 648A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10259.

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Martinod, Emmanuel, Agathe Seguin, Muriel Holder-Espinasse, Marianne Kambouchner, Martine Duterque-Coquillaud, Jacques F. Azorin, and Alain F. Carpentier. "Tracheal Regeneration Following Tracheal Replacement With an Allogenic Aorta." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 79, no. 3 (March 2005): 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.08.035.

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Wurtz, Alain, Ilir Hysi, Christophe Zawadzki, and Marie-Christine Copin. "Graft Contraction Phenomenon and Tracheal Stretching After Tracheal Replacement." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 92, no. 4 (October 2011): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.023.

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Wurtz, Alain, Henri Porte, Massimo Conti, Jacques Desbordes, Marie Christine Copin, Jacques Azorin, Emmanuel Martinod, and Charles-Hugo Marquette. "Tracheal Replacement with Aortic Allografts." New England Journal of Medicine 355, no. 18 (November 2, 2006): 1938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc066336.

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Grillo, Hermes C. "Tracheal replacement: a critical review." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 73, no. 6 (June 2002): 1995–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(02)03564-6.

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Sun, Fei, Yi Lu, Zhihao Wang, and Hongcan Shi. "Vascularization strategies for tissue engineering for tracheal reconstruction." Regenerative Medicine 16, no. 6 (June 2021): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2020-0091.

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Tissue engineering technology provides effective alternative treatments for tracheal reconstruction. The formation of a functional microvascular network is essential to support cell metabolism and ensure the long-term survival of grafts. Although several tracheal replacement therapy strategies have been developed in the past, the critical significance of the formation of microvascular networks in 3D scaffolds has not attracted sufficient attention. Here, we review key technologies and related factors of microvascular network construction in tissue-engineered trachea and explore optimized preparation processes of vascularized functional tissues for clinical applications.

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Tojo, Takashi, Noriyoshi Sawabata, Keiji Kushibe, Makoto Takahama, Kunimoto Nezu, Shigeki Taniguchi, and Soichiro Kitamura. "Tracheal replacement with cryopreserved tracheal allograft. Experiments towards clinical application." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 12, no. 2 (1998): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.12.121.

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Cotton, C. U., R. C. Boucher, and J. T. Gatzy. "Paths of ion transport across canine fetal tracheal epithelium." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 2376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2376.

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Fluid secretion by the fetal sheep lung is thought to be driven by secretion of Cl- by the pulmonary epithelium. We previously demonstrated Cl- secretion by tracheal epithelium excised from fetal dogs and sheep. In this study we characterized the ion transport pathways across fetal canine tracheal epithelium. The transport of Na+ and Cl- across trachea excised from fetal dogs was evaluated from transepithelial electrical properties and isotope fluxes. Under basal conditions the tissues were characterized by a lumen-negative potential difference (PD) of 11 mV and conductance of 5.2 mS/cm2. The short-circuit current (Isc) was 43 microA/cm2 (1.6 mueq.cm-2.h-1). Basal Na+ flows were symmetrical, but net Na+ absorption (1.1 mueq.cm-2.h-1) could be induced by exposure of the luminal surface to amphotericin B (10(-6) M). Bilateral replacement of Na+ reduced Isc by 85%. Replacement of submucosal Na+ or exposure to submucosal furosemide (10(-4) M) reduced net Cl- secretion by 60-70%. Luminal exposure to indomethacin (10(-6) M) induced a 50% decrease in Isc, whereas isoproterenol (10(-6) M) increased Isc by 120%. The properties of the Cl- secretory pathway across fetal dog trachea are consistent with the model proposed for Cl- secretion across adult dog trachea and other Cl- -secreting tissues (e.g., bullfrog cornea and shark rectal gland). The absence of basal Na+ absorption by fetal dog trachea probably reflects limited apical membrane Na+ permeability.

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Eckersberger, Franz, Erich Moritz, Ernst Wolner, and Thomas W. Shields. "Circumferential tracheal replacement with costal cartilage." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 94, no. 2 (August 1987): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(19)36278-6.

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Makris, Demosthènes, Muriel Holder-Espinasse, Alain Wurtz, Agathe Seguin, Thomas Hubert, Sophie Jaillard, Marie Christine Copin, et al. "Tracheal Replacement With Cryopreserved Allogenic Aorta." Chest 137, no. 1 (January 2010): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1275.

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Juhász, Á., A. Szilágyi, I. Mikó, I. Altorjay, G. Kecskés, and Á. Altorjay. "Esophageal replacement using cryopreserved tracheal graft." Diseases of the Esophagus 21, no. 5 (August 2008): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00780.x.

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Reynolds, Marleta. "Circumferential tracheal replacement with costal cartilages." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 23, no. 9 (September 1988): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(88)80271-9.

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Gaafar, H., A. Hamza, M. Hisham, S. Helal, A. Gaafar, and M. Reda. "Segmental Tracheal Replacement in Mongrel Dogs." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 123, no. 2 (February 2003): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016480310001132.

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Davidson, Murray B., Kashif Mustafa, and Robert W. Girdwood. "Tracheal Replacement With an Aortic Homograft." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 88, no. 3 (September 2009): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.01.044.

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Azorin, Jacques F., Francois Bertin, Emmanuel Martinod, and Marc Laskar. "Tracheal replacement with an aortic autograft." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 29, no. 2 (February 2006): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.11.026.

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LENOT, B., P. MACCHIARINI, E. DULMET, M. WEISS, and P. DARTEVELLE. "Tracheal allograft replacement *1An unsuccessful method." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 7, no. 12 (1993): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-7940(93)90261-9.

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Suh, S., J. Kim, C. H. Baek, and H. Kim. "Development of New Tracheal Prosthesis: Autogenous Mucosa-Lined Prosthesis Made from Polypropylene Mesh." International Journal of Artificial Organs 23, no. 4 (April 2000): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880002300409.

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Reliable tracheal or tissue graft has not been developed yet for the reconstruction of large, circumferential tracheal defects. Major limitations were anastomotic dehishence and stenosis, which were attributed to the poor epithelinisation of the prosthetic graft. We developed a new tracheal prosthesis that has a viable lined and well-vasculised mucosa. The prosthesis consists of Prolene® mesh reinforced with polypropylene rings, and is coated with gelatin. In addition, we lined the luminal surface of the prosthesis with transplanted autogenous oral mucosa and wrapped the prosthesis with greater omentum. Animal experiments were performed using 10 adult mongrel dogs. The transplanted mucosa and wrapped greater omentum tightly adhered to the prosthesis to make a single unit within two weeks. The mucosa survived well, was well vasculised by new vessels from greater omentum and showed normal histology. Complete surgical resection and replacement of a thoracic trachea (3 cm in length, 6 tracheal rings) were carried out in 2 dogs, which survived well with normal activity. We concluded that this highly biocompatible tracheal prosthesis could be very useful for step-wise reconstruction of tracheal defects.

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Pepper, Victoria, Cameron A. Best, Kaila Buckley, Cynthia Schwartz, Ekene Onwuka, Nakesha King, Audrey White, et al. "Factors Influencing Poor Outcomes in Synthetic Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Replacement." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819844754.

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Objectives Humans receiving tissue-engineered tracheal grafts have experienced poor outcomes ultimately resulting in death or the need for graft explantation. We assessed the performance of the synthetic scaffolds used in humans with an ovine model of orthotopic tracheal replacement, applying standard postsurgical surveillance and interventions to define the factors that contributed to the complications seen at the bedside. Study Design Large animal model. Setting Pediatric academic research institute. Subjects and Methods Human scaffolds were manufactured with an electrospun blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane reinforced with polycarbonate rings. They were seeded with autologous bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells and implanted in sheep. Animals were evaluated with routine bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy. Endoscopic dilation and stenting were performed to manage graft stenosis for up to a 4-month time point. Grafts and adjacent native airway were sectioned and evaluated with histology and immunohistochemistry. Results All animals had signs of graft stenosis. Three of 5 animals (60%) designated for long-term surveillance survived until the 4-month time point. Graft dilation and stent placement resolved respiratory symptoms and prolonged survival. Necropsy demonstrated evidence of infection and graft encapsulation. Granulation tissue with signs of neovascularization was seen at the anastomoses, but epithelialization was never observed. Acute and chronic inflammation of the native airway epithelium was observed at all time points. Architectural changes of the scaffold included posterior wall infolding and scaffold delamination. Conclusions In our ovine model, clinically applied synthetic tissue-engineered tracheas demonstrated infectious, inflammatory, and mechanical failures with a lack of epithelialization and neovascularization.

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Kirschbaum, Andreas, Afshin Teymoortash, Carlos Suárez, Jatin P. Shah, Carl E. Silver, Iain Nixon, Alessandra Rinaldo, Luiz P. Kowalski, K. Thomas Robbins, and Alfio Ferlito. "Treatment of large tracheal defects after resection: Laryngotracheal release and tracheal replacement." Auris Nasus Larynx 43, no. 6 (December 2016): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2016.03.009.

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Boada, Marc, Rudith Guzmán, and Elena Sandoval. "Long tracheal replacement or the philosopher’s stone." Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/acs.2019.11.08.

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Wurtz, Alain. "Fully-circumferential tracheal replacement: when and how?" Mediastinum 3 (January 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/med.2018.12.02.

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Tsukada, Hisashi, Armin Ernst, Sidhu Gangadharan, Robert Garland, and Malcolm DeCamp. "EXPERIMENTAL TRACHEAL REPLACEMENT WITH A BIOABSORBABLE SCAFFOLD." Chest 136, no. 4 (October 2009): 35S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.136.4_meetingabstracts.35s-f.

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Wurtz, Alain. "Tracheal Replacement With Banked Cryopreserved Aortic Allograft." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 89, no. 6 (June 2010): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.01.034.

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Vacanti, Charles A., Keith T. Paige, Woo Seob Kim, Junichi Sakata, Joseph Upton, and Joseph P. Vacanti. "Experimental tracheal replacement using tissue-engineered cartilage." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 2 (February 1994): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(94)90318-2.

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Nakayama, Yasuhide, Satoshi Umeda, Yuichi Takama, Takeshi Terazawa, Hiroomi Okuyama, and Shohei Hiwatashi. "Tracheal Replacement Using an In-Body Tissue-Engineered Collagenous Tube “BIOTUBE” with a Biodegradable Stent in a Beagle Model: A Preliminary Report on a New Technique." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 01 (November 2, 2018): 090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673709.

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Introduction Tracheal reconstruction for long-segment stenosis remains challenging. We investigate the usefulness of BIOTUBE, an in-body tissue-engineered collagenous tube with a biodegradable stent, as a novel tracheal scaffold in a beagle model. Materials and Methods We prepared BIOTUBEs by embedding specially designed molds, including biodegradable stents, into subcutaneous pouches in beagles. After 2 months, the molds were filled with ingrown connective tissues and were harvested to obtain the BIOTUBEs. The BIOTUBEs, cut to 10- or 20-mm lengths, were implanted to replace the same-length defects in the cervical trachea of five beagles. Endoscopic and fluoroscopic evaluations were performed every week until the lumen became stable. The trachea, including the BIOTUBE, was harvested and subjected to histological evaluation between 3 and 7 months after implantation. Results One beagle died 28 days after 20-mm BIOTUBE implantation because of insufficient expansion and retention force of the stent. The remaining four beagles were implanted with a BIOTUBE reinforced by a strong stent, and all survived the observation period. Endoscopy revealed narrowing of the BIOTUBEs in all four beagles, due to an inflammatory reaction, but patency was maintained by steroid application at the implantation site and balloon dilatation against the stenosis. After 2 months, the lumen gradually became wider. Histological analyses showed that the internal surface of the BIOTUBEs was completely covered with tracheal epithelial cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated the usefulness of the BIOTUBE with a biodegradable stent as a novel scaffold for tracheal regeneration.

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Krafft, Peter, Martin Roggla, Peter Fridrich, Gottfried J. Locker, Michael Frass, and Jonathan L. Benumof. "Bronchoscopy via a Redesigned Combitube(TM) in the Esophageal Position." Anesthesiology 86, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199705000-00006.

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Background The esophageal-tracheal Combitube (Kendall-Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, NY) is an effective device for providing adequate gas exchange. However, tracheal suctioning is impossible with the Combitube placed in the esophageal position. To eliminate this disadvantage, the Combitube was redesigned by creating an enlarged hole in the pharyngeal lumen that allows fiberoptic access, tracheal suctioning, and tube exchange over a guide wire. Methods The two anterior, proximal perforations of regular Combitubes were replaced by a larger, ellipsoid-shaped hole. After the study was approved by the institutional review board, 20 patients with normal airways (Mallampati I or II) were studied. During general anesthesia, patients were esophageally intubated with the Combitube. A flexible bronchoscope was inserted and guided via the modified hole and glottic opening down the trachea. For the replacement procedure, a J tip guide wire was introduced through the bronchoscope. The bronchoscope and the Combitube were removed and a standard endotracheal tube was advanced over a guide catheter. Results Bronchoscopic evaluation of the trachea and guided replacement of the Combitube by an endotracheal tube was successful in all 20 study patients. The average time needed to perform airway exchange was 90 +/- 20 s (mean +/- SD). Arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels remained normal in all patients. No case of laryngeal trauma was observed during intubation or the airway exchange procedure. Conclusions The redesigned Combitube enables fiberoptic bronchoscopy, fine-tuning of its position in the esophagus, and guided airway exchange in patients with normal airways. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate its value in patients with abnormal airways.

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Deffebach, M. E., R. O. Salonen, S. E. Webber, and J. G. Widdicombe. "Cold and hyperosmolar fluids in canine trachea: vascular and smooth muscle tone and albumin flux." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.3.1309.

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We have studied the effects of liquids of various osmolalities and temperatures on the tracheal vasculature, smooth muscle tone, and transepithelial albumin flux. In 10 anesthetized dogs a 10- to 13-cm length of cervical trachea was cannulated to allow instillation of fluids into its lumen. The cranial tracheal arteries were perfused at constant flow, with monitoring of the perfusion pressures (Ptr) and the external tracheal diameter (Dtr). Control fluid was Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH) with NaCl added to result in a 325-mosM solution (isotonic). Hypertonic solutions were KH with NaCl (warm hypertonic) or glucose (hypertonic glucose) added to result in a 800-mosM solution. All solutions were at 38 degrees C, with isotonic and the hypertonic NaCl solutions also given at 18 degrees C (cold isotonic and cold hypertonic). Fluorescent labeled albumin was given intravenously, and the change in fluorescence in the fluid was measured during each 15-min period. Changing from warm isotonic to cold isotonic decreased Dtr and Ptr. Changing from warm isotonic to warm hypertonic or hypertonic glucose decreased Ptr with no change in Dtr. The cold hypertonic responses were not different from cold isotonic responses. Warm hypertonic solution increased albumin flux into the tracheal lumen over a 15-min period to three times that of the control period, persisting for 15 min after replacement with warm isotonic solution. Cooling induces a vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction of the trachea, whereas hypertonic solutions result in vasodilation and, if osmolality is increased with NaCl, an increase in albumin flux into the tracheal lumen.

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Lee, Jae Yeon, Jeong Hun Park, Soo Jin Son, Mina Han, Gonhyung Kim, Seong Soo Kang, Seok Hwa Choi, and Dong-Woo Cho. "Evaluation of Immunosuppressive Therapy Use for Tracheal Transplantation with Trachea-Mimetic Bellows Scaffolds in a Rabbit Model." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5205476.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose cyclosporine, high-dose azathioprine, and a combination of low-dose cyclosporine and azathioprine after tracheal reconstruction by using a trachea-mimetic graft of polycaprolactone (PCL) bellows-type scaffold in a rabbit model. Twenty-four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. All underwent circumferential tracheal replacement using tissue-engineered tracheal graft, prepared from PCL bellows scaffold reinforced with silicone ring, collagen hydrogel, and human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cell (hTMSC) sheets. The control group (Group 1) received no medication. The three experimental groups were given daily cyclosporine intramuscular doses of 10 mg/kg (Group 2), azathioprine oral doses of 5 mg/kg (Group 3), and azathioprine oral doses of 2.5 mg/kg plus cyclosporine intramuscular doses of 5 mg/kg (Group 4) for 4 weeks or until death. Group 1 had longer survival times compared to Group 2 or Group 3. Each group except for Group 1 experienced decreases in amount of nutrition and weight loss. In addition, compared with the other groups, Group 2 had significantly increased serum interleukin-2 and interferon-γ levels 7 days after transplantation. The results of this study showed that the administration of cyclosporine and/or azathioprine after tracheal transplantation had no beneficial effects. Furthermore, the administration of cyclosporine had side effects, including extreme weight loss, respiratory distress, and diarrhea. Therefore, cyclosporine and azathioprine avoidance may be recommended for tracheal reconstruction using a native trachea-mimetic graft of PCL bellows-type scaffold in a rabbit model.

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Villegas-Alvarez, F., B. Pérez-Guillé, R. E. Soriano-Rosales, M. A. Jiménez-Bravo-Luna, A. Gonzalez-Maciel, S. L. Elizalde-Velazquez, R. Aguirre-Hernández, A. Ramos-Morales, R. Reynoso-Robles, and J. F. González-Zamora. "Clinical and biological acceptance of a fibrocollagen-coated mersylene patch for tracheal repair in growing dogs." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 7 (June 23, 2014): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114001339.

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AbstractBackground:Collagen-covered prostheses can be used as a non-circumferential segmental tracheal replacement. However, the applicability of these implants in young subjects has not yet been reported.Methods:In this experimental, longitudinal study, dogs aged 29–32 days underwent limited segmental tracheal replacement with a polyester prosthesis or were allocated to a control, untreated group. The dogs were evaluated clinically, endoscopically and tomographically for up to one year.Results:Although there was evidence of tracheal growth in the experimental group, tomographic measurements were significantly smaller in this group than in the control group throughout the observation period. At the end of the study, there was no evidence of implant rejection, stenosis or collapse. Normal respiratory epithelium had grown across the implanted membrane in the experimental group.Conclusion:The homologous collagen mersylene membrane allowed for limited structural tracheal growth and was functionally integrated into the segmented tracheal wall in growing dogs.

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Jacobson, Adam S., Dylan F. Roden, Eric Q. Lee, Allison Most, Adrienne Meyers, Cheng Liu, and Jamie Levine. "Tracheal replacement revisited: Use of a vascularized tracheal transplant in a porcine model." Laryngoscope 128 (December 2018): S1—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.27671.

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Dang, Luong Huu, Shih-Han Hung, Yuan Tseng, Ly Xuan Quang, Nhi Thao Ngoc Le, Chia-Lang Fang, and How Tseng. "Partial Decellularized Scaffold Combined with Autologous Nasal Epithelial Cell Sheet for Tracheal Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 10322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910322.

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Decellularization has emerged as a potential solution for tracheal replacement. As a fully decellularized graft failed to achieve its purposes, the de-epithelialization partial decellularization protocol appeared to be a promising approach for fabricating scaffolds with preserved mechanical properties and few immune rejection responses after transplantation. Nevertheless, a lack of appropriate concurrent epithelialization treatment can lead to luminal stenosis of the transplant and impede its eventual success. To improve re-epithelialization, autologous nasal epithelial cell sheets generated by our cell sheet engineering platform were utilized in this study under an in vivo rabbit model. The newly created cell sheets have an intact and transplantable appearance, with their specific characteristics of airway epithelial origin being highly expressed upon histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, those cell sheets were incorporated with a partially decellularized tracheal graft for autograft transplantation under tracheal partial resection models. The preliminary results two months post operation demonstrated that the transplanted patches appeared to be wholly integrated into the host trachea with adequate healing of the luminal surface, which was confirmed via endoscopic and histologic evaluations. The satisfactory result of this hybrid scaffold protocol could serve as a potential solution for tracheal reconstructions in the future.

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Martinod, Emmanuel, Patrice Guiraudet, Dana M. Radu, Ana-Maria Santos Portela, Marine Peretti, Ilaria Onorati, Olivia Freynet, et al. "AB008. Prosthetic tracheal replacement using stented aortic matrices." Shanghai Chest 3 (September 2019): AB008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/shc.2019.ab008.

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Steger, Volker, Martina Hampel, Iris Trick, Michael Müller, and Thorsten Walles. "Clinical tracheal replacement: transplantation, bioprostheses and artificial grafts." Expert Review of Medical Devices 5, no. 5 (September 2008): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17434440.5.5.605.

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Wurtz, A., I. Hysi, E. Kipnis, and M. C. Copin. "Recent Advances in Circumferential Tracheal Replacement and Transplantation." American Journal of Transplantation 16, no. 4 (February 8, 2016): 1334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.13633.

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Fabre, Dominique, Frédéric Kolb, Elie Fadel, Nicolas Leymarie, Sacha Mussot, Thierry Le Chevalier, and Philippe Dartevelle. "Autologous tracheal replacement: From research to clinical practice." La Presse Médicale 42, no. 9 (September 2013): e334-e341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.07.003.

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Jaillard, Sophie, Muriel Holder-Espinasse, Thomas Hubert, Marie-Christine Copin, Martine Duterque-Coquillaud, Alain Wurtz, and Charles-Hugo Marquette. "Tracheal Replacement by Allogenic Aorta in the Pig." Chest 130, no. 5 (November 2006): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.5.1397.

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Marquette, Charles-Hugo, and Alain Wurtz. "Tracheal Replacement With Aortic Allografts in the Pig." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 90, no. 6 (December 2010): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.088.

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Tsukada, Hisashi, Sidhu Gangadharan, Robert Garland, Felix Herth, Malcolm DeCamp, and Armin Ernst. "Tracheal Replacement With a Bioabsorbable Scaffold in Sheep." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 90, no. 6 (December 2010): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.074.

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Nuss, Daniel W., Craig D. Friedman, Peter D. Costantino, Carl H. Snyderman, Krishna Narayanan, Jonas T. Johnson, and Col Glen Houston. "Experimental Tracheal Replacement Using a Revascularized Jejunal Autograft with an Implantable Dacron Mesh Tube." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 10 (October 1992): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210101002.

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Defects comprising more than 50% of the trachea cannot be reliably reconstructed by any current technique or prosthesis. A composite tracheal replacement implant consisting of a Dacron-urethane mesh tube and revascularized jejunal autograft was applied to this problem. This composite implant was used to replace 7 to 10 cm of trachea in eight dogs. The implant was sewn to the outside (serosal surface) of the jejunum to provide permanent structural support to the autograft, and an intraluminal silicone tube was placed inside the jejunal segment and left for 4 weeks following reconstruction. Six of eight animals survived the predetermined time periods and were killed painlessly in groups of two animals at 1, 2, and 6 months after removal of the intraluminal silicone tube. Postoperative intubation, ventilation, or tracheostomy was not necessary. Excessive secretions were not seen in any of the animals, and a fair to good performance status was maintained until death in all but one animal. Histologic examination revealed slight thinning of the jejunal mucosa, with no change in the jejunal muscularis. These data suggest that with further refinement this composite implant may be a viable reconstructive option in humans.

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Arp, L. H., and J. A. Fagerland. "Ultrastructural Pathology of Bordetella avium Infection in Turkeys." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 5 (September 1987): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400508.

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One-day-old turkeys were infected intranasally with Bordetella avium, and tracheas were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy at 1 to 5 weeks post-inoculation (PI). The predominant ultrastructural lesions were progressive loss of ciliated epithelium with replacement by nonciliated cells, bacterial colonization of ciliated cells, membrane-bound crystalline inclusions in cytoplasm of epithelial cells, depletion of mucous granules, and distortion of tracheal rings and the mucosal surface. Tracheal surface exudates consisted of mucus, necrotic cells, heterophils, and fibrin. Ciliated cells were replaced by immature cuboidal cells characterized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum with small numbers of electron-dense mucous granules in the apical cytoplasm. Bacterial surfaces were rough and contained numerous pleomorphic, knob-like structures, 20–50 nm in diameter. Other changes included enlarged mucosal gland openings, cell extrusion marks, pleomorphic microvilli, and cells with small numbers of short cilia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tracheal replacement'

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