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Bradstreet, Tyler C. "The Effect of Season Performance on Male and Female Track and Field Athletes’ Self-identity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500120/.
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Although the “self” has generally been conceptualized as relatively stable in sport-specific research, events such as deselection, injury, and career termination have been found to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. Additionally, there has been limited research regarding competitive failure and its ability to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide additional evidence regarding the influence poor competitive seasons have on the malleability of athletes’ self-identity. Athletes were followed throughout the course of their season to determine whether athletes who encountered a poor competitive season reported lowered levels of athletic identity. Specifically, male and female NCAA Division I track and field athletes completed pre-indoor, post-indoor, and post-outdoor assessments of athletic identity. Contrary to previous research, the current study’s results indicated no identifiable relationship between male and female athletes’ season performance satisfaction and their level of post-indoor and post-outdoor athletic identity. Thus, the greatest predictor of athletes’ post-season level of athletic identity was their pre-season level of athletic identity, regardless of season performance. Given these results, future research should assess self-esteem as well as other potential coping strategies athletes might use in order to gain a better understanding of the effect encountering a poor competitive season may have on athletes’ self-identity.
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Burkhart, Brian. "The influence of life stress on athletic performance and occurrence of injury among intercollegiate track and field throwing event athletes." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115742.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if life stress had any affect on athletic performance and the occurrence of injury. The athletes in this study ranged in age from 17 to 22, and all had the potential and ability to practice and compete at the Division I level in track and field. The goal of the researcher was to collect as much information as possible on each athlete. Each athlete was required to write in a daily journal. A standard set of questions were asked in interviews prior to competition and following competition. Each athlete completed two types of scales prior to competition as well: Everyday Problem Scale (EPS) and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Through this information five common trends emerged: injury with treatment, external distractions, a higher performance was perceived if their family and friends were present at competition, teammate support, and teammate frustration.The researcher believed there was sufficient evidence to dismiss the comparison between the five common trends and the scores of the SCAT and EPS. The SCAT scores were mainly at the moderate level. The average score among all the athletes was approximately "19" or moderate. The EPS dealt with life stress and not athletic stress.The most frequently cited concern by the athletes were financial problems, difficulties with a girlfriend, wanting a relationship with someone, and so forth, but none were consistently cited.The perception of the stressor was an important factor in this study since the athletes perceived each competition either as distressful or eustressful. Depending on how much the athlete perceived each competition as a stressor may have effected his performance. Few stressors were identified but depending on the competition the athlete may have focused so much on the stressor that it became distressful while at another competition the same stressor was not focused on as much so it was viewed as eustressful.School of Physical Education
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Benson, Marni J. "Nutrient intake in female collegiate track and field athletes." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=HE+905.
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Bollschweiler, Laurence R. "A biomechanical analysis of male and female intermediate hurdlers and steeplechasers /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2254.pdf.
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Painter, Keith B., G. Gregory Haff, Michael W. Ramsey, Jeff McBride, N. Travis Triplett, William A. Sands, Hugh S. Lamont, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Strength Gains: Block Vs DUP Weight-Training among Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4132.
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Recently, the comparison of “periodized” strength training methods has been a focus of both exercise and sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training, while block forms of programming for periodization have been questioned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare block to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a 10-wk block or DUP training group in which sex, year, and event were matched. Over the course of the study, there were 4 testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics. Although performance trends favored the block group for strength and rate of force development, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 training groups. However, statistically different (P ≤ .05) values were found for estimated volume of work (volume load) and the amount of improvement per volume load between block and DUP groups. Based on calculated training efficiency scores, these data indicate that a block training model is more efficient than a DUP model in producing strength gains.
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Hussey, Sandra L. "Factors influencing body image perception of Eastern Illinois University track and field athletes /." View online, 2003. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131163025.pdf.
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Lawless, Freda Janet. "A profile and training programme of psychological skills for track and field athletes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85644.
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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compile a sport psychological skills profile of track and field athletes and to determine whether a purposefully-developed psychological-skills training (PST) programme would affect this profile and athletic performance. The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase 143 student athletes completed sport psychological skills questionnaires before competing in the 2011 University Sport South Africa (USSA) Athletics Championship. The athletes’ perceived importance of psychological skills, psychologically preparedness, and need for psychological skills training were investigated. The athletes’ best performances at the championship were recorded and their IAAF performance points calculated. The majority of the athletes perceived PST as important. However, in contrast, a large percentage was uncertain about their need for PST programmes and, alarmingly, most of the athletes under-utilized the services of sport psychologists. This could possibly indicate a resistance to PST. Overall, the results revealed poor sport psychological skill levels. Only the achievement motivation and goal directedness dimensions showed satisfactory results. Effect sizes were used to compare the sport psychological skill levels of more and less successful athletes. This revealed significant differences between the respective groups. The within-group comparisons showed that the more successful sprinters outscored the less successful sprinters in the subscales of stress control and achievement motivation. Achievement motivation was the only aspect that differed significantly between the more and less successful middle and long-distance athletes. Among the jumpers, confidence and stress control distinguished between the top and bottom athletes. The more successful throwers recorded higher imagery and achievement motivation scores than the less successful throwers. The results from the first phase were used to develop a PST programme aimed at improving the sport psychological skill levels and performance of student track and field athletes. In Phase Two, athletes from Stellenbosch University were divided into an experimental (n = 24) and control group (n = 18). Both groups underwent pre and post-testing of the same psychological skills questionnaires used in the first phase, whilst their athletic performances were recorded on both occasions. The experimental group participated in a PST programme consisting of seven sessions which covered the following topics: achievement motivation, goal-directedness, managing somatic anxiety, managing cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, concentration, and imagery. In addition to these sessions daily activities and assignments were completed in a workbook. The effectiveness of the PST programme in improving the athletes’ sport psychological skills levels is evident from the improvements observed in nine of the eleven subscales among the experimental group opposed to four skills among the control group. Inexplicably, the control group’s athletic performance improved significantly more than that of the experimental group. Further research into the role and effectiveness of PST in track and field is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprofiel vir baan- en veldatlete saam te stel en om te bepaal tot watter mate ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram (SVP) hierdie profiel en atletiekprestasie sal beïnvloed. Die navorsing het uit twee fases bestaan. Gedurende fase een het 143 studente-atlete verskeie sportsielkundige vraelyste voltooi voor deelname aan die 2011 Suid-Afrikaanse Studente-Atletiekkampioenskappe (USSA). Die atlete se persepsie oor die belangrikheid van sielkundige vaardighede, sielkundige voorbereiding en behoefte aan onderrig in sielkundige vaardighede is ondersoek. Die atlete se beste vertonings tydens die kampioenskappe is gemonitor en hul IAAF- prestasiepunte bereken. Die meerderheid van hierdie atlete het aangedui dat sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling belangrik is, maar in teensteling hiermee het ’n groot persentasie aangedui dat hulle onseker is oor hul behoefte aan sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling. Die bevinding dat die meerderheid van die atlete nie genoegsaam van sportsielkundige dienste gebruik maak nie, is kommerwekkend. Hierdie verskynsel kan op ’n weerstand teen sportsielkundige vaardigheids-ontwikkeling dui. In geheel het die sportsielkundige profiel van hierdie baan- en veldatlete swak vertoon, behalwe vir prestasiemotivering en doelgerigtheid wat bevredigende resultate opgelewer het. Effekgroottes is gebruik om die sportsielkundige vaardighede van minder en meer suksesvolle atlete met mekaar vergelyk. Dit het beduidende verskille tussen die groepe opgelewer. Die binnegroepvergelykings het getoon dat meer suksesvolle naellopers hoër tellings as minder suksesvolle naellopers in die volgende subskale behaal het: stresbeheer en prestasiemotivering. Prestasiemotivering was ook die enigste subskaal wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle middel- en langafstandatlete kon onderskei. Selfvertroue en stresbeheer was twee aspekte wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle springers gediskrimineer het. Prestasiemotivering en beelding was die enigste sportsielkundige dimensies wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle gooiers kon onderskei. Die meer suksesvolle gooiers het beter vlakke met betrekking tot hierdie twee subskale getoon. Die resultate van die eerste fase is gebruik om ’n sportsielkundige intervensieprogram te ontwikkel waardeur sielkundige vaardighede en prestasie van tersiêre baan- en veldatlete verbeter kan word. In die tweede fase is atlete van die Stellenbosch Universiteit in ’n eksperimentele- (n = 24) en kontrolegroep (n = 18) verdeel. Beide groepe het dieselfde sportsielkundige vraelyste as in die eerste fase, voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram, waaraan die eksperimentele groep meegedoen het, voltooi. Alle deelnemers se atletiekprestasies is voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram genoteer. Die eksperimentele groep het aan die ontwikkelde sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram deelgeneem wat uit die volgende sewe sessies bestaan het: prestasiemotivering, doelgerigtheid, somatiese angsbeheer, kognitiewe angsbeheer, selfvertroue, konsentrasie en beelding. Hierdie sessies is deur daaglikse aktiwiteite aangevul en opdragte wat in ’n werkboek voltooi moes word. Die effektiwiteit van die program in die ontwikkeling van sielkundige vaardighede blyk duidelik uit die bevinding dat die eksperimentele groep betekenisvolle verbeteringe getoon het in nege uit elf sportsielkundige vaardighede teenoor die vier vaardighede wat by die kontrolegroep verbeter het. ’n Onverklaarbare bevinding was egter dat die kontrolegroep se atletiekprestasies betekenisvol meer verbeter het as die eksperimentele groep s’n. Verdere navorsing oor die rol en effektiwiteit van sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling in atletiek word aanbeveel.
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Mertes, Melanie. "Fluid losses of Division III track athletes experienced during indoor versus outdoor seasons." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009mertesm.pdf.
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Siegenthaler, Scott J. "The academic achievement of cross-country and long-distance track runners a seasonal comparison /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001siegenthalers.pdf.
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Molinari, M., Keith B. Painter, R. Ruben, Michael W. Ramsey, Margaret E. Stone, C. Nelson, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, and Andrew S. Layne. "Comparison of Daily Undulating with Traditional Periodization in Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4512.
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Skarda, Laura Elizabeth. "Stress Reactions of Division-I Track Athletes." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/749.
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Problem: Track and field athletes, along with cross-country athletes have multiple and back to back seasons, creating overuse injuries. Stress fractures or stress reactions to the bone are the overuse injuries focused on in this study and literature review. There is a lack of information in the literature regarding stress reactions. Purpose: The goal of the study is to understand more information about stress reactions to bone and possibly increase the knowledge of health care professionals. Methods: Three case studies were examined through pre-existing medical chart notes and athletic trainer's notes regarding the stress reactions. A literature review was also performed to provide further information about stress fractures and stress reactions. Conclusions: There are multiple risk factors for stress injuries. All three of the athletes in the case studies are female, which is found to be a risk factor. Many risk factors need more studies to provide support. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained in all three case studies where there was found to be a stress reaction. These three females also had a recent increase in activity level and had similar symptoms to each other and what is found in the literature.
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Gehring, Margaret M. "Career longevity of four women cross country and track and field coaches at the NCA Division III level." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5F1022856180num=osu.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 233 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Mary O'Sullivan, Dept. of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-218).
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Klockare, Ellinor. "Track and Field Athletes’ Experiences and Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST : An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2218.
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Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to examine junior and first year senior athletes’ experiences and perceived effects of flotation-REST, including both the immediate response and experiences over time. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six elite track and field athletes (five female and one male), aged 17-23 years, who were purposefully sampled and had used flotation-REST two to six times. They were each interviewed on two occasions; once directly following a floating session and later a second interview concerning the overall experience. The interview transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1996). Results: From the analysis four themes emerged: Meaning of Flotation-REST, Experiences during Flotation-REST, Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST, and Views on Flotation-REST. Flotation-REST became a learning opportunity concerning relaxation for all athletes and three of them reported that it raised their awareness of the importance of relaxation and psychological skills training. For five athletes the floating sessions also became a breather in the daily life. The floating sessions were perceived as pleasant and relaxing. Three athletes experienced a lot of thoughts in the tank and five of them fell asleep at least twice. After flotation-REST five athletes reported experiencing less stress and an overall increase in well-being as well as feeling calmer and more energized for one or two days, although they were physically tired at practice immediately following a floating session. Being in a better mood and placing fewer demands on themselves as well as feeling more optimistic and present were also mentioned as perceived effects. The results showed more and longer-lasting psychological effects than physiological. The sixth athlete did not experience any special effects, nor did he experience stress in his daily life and sport performance, as opposed to the others. Conclusions: The study shows the potential of flotation-REST as a technique for health promotion and also as a method for stress management. Further, as the results revealed raised awareness, flotation-REST could be valuable together with other psychological skills training techniques, mindfulness and the physical training. However, considering the differences in the athletes’ perceived effects of flotation-REST, it indicates the importance of further research on the topic.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – Among Swedish and Portuguese track and field athletes and coaches." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-122.
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The aim of this study was to examine how athletes and coaches, in Sweden and Portugal, perceive and experience success and failure in relation to sport. Moreover, study if there were cultural differences in coping. The main objectives of the study consisted of examining differences based on culture and coaches vs. athletes in the following research questions; how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Fifteen (n=15) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with ten (n=10) Swedish and five (n=5) Portuguese sportsmen. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 1226 raw data units were identified and categorised using categorization, tagging and regrouping of relevant concepts. The results are discussed according to several stress-coping theories. Moreover, the result showed some differences based on both culture and on coaches vs. athletes. Furthermore success was mainly defined as reaching goals and failure as performance related mistakes. Reactions on both success and failure were mainly emotional. Negative consequences of both success and failure were most common and problem- focused coping were adopted to cope with those situations. The coaches supported the athletes by adopting emotion- and problem-focused coping.
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Grinaker, Hanna Elisabet. "Iron Supplementation and Its Effect on Ferritin Levels in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27508.
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Adequate stores of iron are necessary for optimal athletic performance and severe iron depletion resulting in iron-deficiency anemia may depress performance. This is important for athletes, particularly females, to address because they can be prone to iron deficiency anemia. This review examines research data that has shown oral iron supplementation in doses of at least 45 mg ferrous sulfate or 106 mg ferrous fumarate improves iron status and may improve measures of athletic performance. It is recommended that female athletes most at risk of iron deficiency be screened at the beginning of and during training seasons using ferritin measures. Appropriate dietary and/or supplementation recommendations should be made to those with compromised iron status.
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Bazyler, Caleb. "Tapering for Strength-Power Individual Event and Team Sport Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3089.
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The overall purpose of this dissertation was to address mechanistic and performance changes following a peaking phase in individual event and team sport strength-power athletes. This purpose was addressed by conducting 4 separate investigations with track and field athletes, volleyball athletes, and a national level weightlifter. The following are the primary findings from these investigations. Division I collegiate throwers increased competition throwing performance, jumping performance, and preserved muscle architecture characteristics following an overreach and taper. There were moderate decreases in division I female collegiate volleyball athlete’s vastus lateralis muscle thickness with no statistical changes in jumping performance following a taper with no prior overreach in. There were moderate to very large differences in countermovement jump height supercompensation during the peaking phase in favor of the returners over the new players on a similar team of female volleyball athletes. Changes in serum concentrations of inflammatory, hypertrophic and endocrine markers corresponded with alterations in training volume-load and partially explained changes in jump, dynamic mid-thigh pull, and weightlifting performance following multiple competition phases in a national level weightlifter. Additionally, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area can be maintained following a competition phase in a high level weightlifter provided large changes in body mass are not attempted close to competition. The findings of these investigations support the use of overreach and tapering for strength-power athletes and provide an underlying biochemical, morphological, and biomechanical basis for the observed changes in performance.
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Sandals, Leigh E. "Oxygen uptake during middle distance running." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2003. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3085/.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – A qualitative study on athletes and coaches in track and field." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-154.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how athletes and coaches perceive and experience
success and failure. Objectives of the study consist of examining how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Ten (n=10) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with seven (n=7) elite athletes and three (n=3) coaches in track and field. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 385 raw data
units were identified. These were categorised according to the objectives. The analysis showed that athletes and coaches defined success as achieving goals and a typical reaction to success was to feel happy. A typical consequence that follows success was increased self
confidence and athletes cope with this by setting new goals. The analysis of coaches showed that coaches create an understanding for the athletes, what they want and what they need. Failure was most frequently defined as injury. The most common reaction to failure was increased negative thinking and athletes coped with that by “clenching the fist”. Coaches help athletes to cope with failure by adapting the training. Development was considered to be a
significant consequence of failure.
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Kraska, Jenna M., Ann Marie Swisher, Michael W. Ramsey, C. Nelson, William A. Sands, G. Gregory Haff, H. Hasegawa, Jeff McBride, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Relationship of Peak Isometric Strength to Rate of Force Development Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4096.
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Explosive strength, a function of rate of force development (RFD), is a primary determinant for the amount of peak force that can be produced in critical sport performance time periods ( e.g. foot contact time). Evidence indicates that maximum strength and RFD are correlated. However, the characteristics of this relationship are not well established among athletes. This study examined the relationship of peak isometric force (IPF) and RFD from a mid-thigh pull, among male and female track and field athletes. Athletes were 12 sprinters (S), 10 jumpers (JP) and 12 cross-country runners (XC). Force-time curve analysis was conducted for each (2 trials) isometric pull and averaged for analyses. IPF and RFD from 0 - 200 ms were determined from appropriate curves. IPFs were normalized using an allometric (IPFa) scaling equation: absolute force/ (body mass (kg)0.67). ICCs were previously shown to be > 0.9. Relationships were established with Pearson's r; statistical differences with a Bonferroni adjusted t-Test. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater in males than females for S and JP but not for XC. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater for S and JP compared to XC. Similar relationships of IPF to RFD were noted among groups S(r = 0.85), JP (r = 0.87), XC (r = 0.88). Among males, n = 19, the relationship ofIPF to RFD was r = 0.89 and was somewhat higher compared to females, n = 15, (r = 0.78). Overall (n = 34) relationship between IPF and RFD was r = 0.90. These data indicate a strong relationship between maximum strength and "explosiveness" that is independent.
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Todd, Melissa Lee Brown Chrisanthia. "The effect of music and no music on pre-performance arousal, perceptions of performance exertion and pain, and evaluations of performance in high school track runners." Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: Chris Brown. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Nov. 9, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-105). Online version of the print edition.
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Bacon, Nicholas. "Low Back Pain Among College Athletes - A Survey of Basketball Players, Swimmers, Track and Field Athletes and Nonathletic Controls." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/960.
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Study Design. Cross-sectional survey among athletes competing at the collegiate level in basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as a matched nonathletic control group. Objective. To compare the prevalence of low back pain between sports: basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as nonathletic control group. Summary of Background Data. With conflicting reports, it is not clear whether athletes are at higher risk for low back pain when compared to nonathletic counterparts. Some literature has found that low back pain was less common in former elite athletes when compared to nonathletes; however, much of the literature supports that athletes experience more low back pain. Methods. Self-reported questionnaire on low back pain adapted for sports based on the Nordic questionnaires for musculoskeletal symptoms. Responders were 10 basketball players, 57 swimmers, 47 track and field athletes and 382 controls. Results. The main findings of the current study support previous literature displaying a greater prevalence of low back experienced in athletes when compared to age-and-sex matched controls. This study found a significant relationship of reported low back pain as age and weight increased. Conclusions. Athletes have a greater prevalence of low back pain when compared to their less athletic peers. A larger sample size could suggest a significant relationship between the prevalence of low back pain and training volume, training season and sport.
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Painter, Keith Ballard. "A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1867.
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Recently, comparisons of "periodized" strength training methods have become a focus of sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training. The purpose of this study is to compare traditional periodization (TRA) to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a TRA or the DUP group training programs based on sex, year, and event. Training lasted 10 weeks. There were 4 testing sessions focusing on strength characteristics. Although, trends favored the TRA group for strength and rate of force development, no significant differences were found between the groups. Significant differences (p≤0.05) in volume and the amount of improvement per volume load were found to be significantly different (p≤0.05) between the TRA and DUP groups. These data indicate that TRA is more efficient in producing strength gains than DUP.
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Painter, Keith B., G. Gregory Haff, N. Travis Triplett, Charles Stuart, Guy Hornsby, Mike W. Ramsey, Caleb D. Bazyler, and Michael H. Stone. "Resting Hormone Alterations and Injuries: Block vs. DUP Weight-Training among D-1 Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3777.
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Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been advocated as a superior method of resistance training, while traditional forms of programming for periodization (Block) have been questioned. Nineteen Division I track and field athletes were assigned to either a 10-week Block or DUP training group. Year and event were controlled. Over the course of the study, there were four testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics, including maximum isometric strength, rate of force development, and one repetition maximum (1RM). Although, performance trends favored the Block group for strength and rate of force development, no statistical differences were found between the two groups. However, different (p ≤ 0.05) estimated volumes of work (VL) and amounts of improvement per VL were found between groups. Based upon calculated training efficiency scores, these data indicate that a Block training model is more efficient in producing strength gains than a DUP model. Additionally, alterations in testosterone (T), cortisol (C) and the T:C ratio were measured. Although there were no statistically (p ≤ 0.05) different hormone alterations between groups, relationships between training variables and hormone concentrations including the T:C ratio, indicate that Block may be more efficacious in terms of fatigue management.
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Doss, Khalilah Toyina. "READY, SET, GO: A NARRATIVE STUDY ON JAMAICAN FEMALE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES WHO ATTENDED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY IN THE U.S." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1185.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Khalilah Doss, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Educational Administration and Higher Education, presented on March 30th 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: READY, SET, GO: A NARRATIVE STUDY ON JAMAICAN FEMALE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES WHO ATTENDED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY IN THE U.S. MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Saran Donahoo At most institutions, track and field can function as the redheaded stepchild of athletic programs because these sports do not draw the revenue nor get the crowds often associated with college football or basketball. Nevertheless, there are multiple correlations common among all college student athletes. Primarily, all student athletes face the pressure of having both academic and athletic responsibilities and obligations. Concurrently, there are also differences that can make these athletes experiences unique, such as being from a different country or being of minority status (by gender, sexual orientation or color) and attending a predominately white institution. As a former college athlete, I want to identify and determine how Jamaican Female Track and Field Athletes negotiate the social, academic and cultural environments that they were a part of while attending a college or university in the U.S. I believe that some [if not all] of these female athletes struggle academically, socially, and personally while attending postsecondary institutions in the U.S.
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Horrell, La Tishia. "Comparison of intercollegiate athletes motivational and cognitive imagery use by division and events in track and field early in the season." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266029.
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Haff, G. Gregory, Keith B. Painter, Michael W. Ramsey, N. Travis Triplett, Jeff McBride, Charles Stuart, William A. Sands, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Comparison Of Block Versus Dup Training Among Division-1 (D-1) Collegiate Track And Field Athletes: An Exploratory Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4092.
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Haff, G. Gregory, Keith B. Painter, Michael W. Ramsey, N. Travis Triplett, Jeff McBride, C. Stuart, Michael H. Stone, and Margaret E. Stone. "Comparison of Block Versus Dup Training among Division-1 (D-1) Collegiate Track and Field Athletes: An Exploratory Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4530.
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Painter, Keith B., Gregory N. Haff, Travis Triplett, Charles A. Stuart, Guy Hornsby, Michael W. Ramsey, Caleb D. Bazyler, and Michael H. Stone. "Resting Hormone Alterations and Injuries: Block vs “Daily Undulating Periodization” Weight-Training Among Division I Track And Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5794.
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Procházka, Michal. "Marketingová komunikace v atletice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15666.
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Sports have become economic activity. Marketing, especially marketing communication has played an important role in its shift from pure nonprofit basis to more commercial character. The thesis examines development of communication in one of the sports, athletics (track & field) in the Czech Republic (CR). In terms of narrow approach to marketing in sports it focuses on these subjects - Czech athletic federation, meetings in the CR, Czech athletes. It analyzes level of communication, suggests solutions to improvement of athletics` status in the Czech Republic using promotion. It is one of the first sources of marketing communication in given sports branch.
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Mereman, Maria. "Uppfattad skaderisk hos friidrottare på landslagsnivå : En enkätstudie." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5814.
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Aim Recent studies of Swedish track and field athletes have shown that there is a substantial risk of injury. None of these studies have investigated the potential role of how athletes perceive their injury risk, and how it may play a part in the occurrence and prevention of sport injures. The aim of the study was to explore how Swedish track and field athletes perceive their injury risk, and examine the potential correlation with prior injury experience using a quantitative design. Method The sample comprised 69 Swedish junior elite track and field athletes. The athletes filled out a two-part online questionnaire. The first part requested relevant personal information including gender, track and field event and previous injuries in the past 12 months; the second part consisted of "The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale", but modified accordingly to the targeted sport. For the statistical analysis, the R version 3.5.2 software was used and the results were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's non-parametric test. Results 52 out of the 69 athletes in the study reported at least one injury during the past 12 months, and the most commonly reported period of time lost due to injury was between eight and 28 days. Non-significant results (p=0,095) were found between gender and perceived injury risk. If an athlete reported more than one injury in the past 12 months, they perceived their re-injury risk (p<0,025) to be higher. Significant results were found between perceived injury risk and the severity of the injury (p<0,006), with a negative correlation (r=-0,32). When the severity of the injury increased, the tendency of perceived injury risk decreased. Conclusions A history of previous injury has a small correlation to perceived injury risk. This study comes one step closer to understanding the potential impact of perceived risk of injury on occurrence of actual injury. With this knowledge, it may be possible to reduce the negative perceptions concerning re-injury in athletes with higher perceptions of injury risk. Finally, awareness of reinjury should be increased among athletes with a history of severe injury.Syfte Studier inom Svensk Friidrott har visat att friidrottare löper en påtaglig skaderisk. Inga av dessa studier har studerat den potentiella rollen av hur skadefria friidrottare uppfattar sin skaderisk eller hur det kan påverka skadeförekomst och prevention. Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av uppfattad skaderisk hos svenska friidrottare på elitnivå samt att undersöka den potentiella korrelationen med skadehistorik. Metod Totalt inkluderades 69 juniorer på elitnivå inom Svensk Friidrott. Friidrottarna fyllde i en tvådelad webbaserad enkät. Första delen bestod av bakgrundsfrågor som inkluderade kön, friidrottsgren och skadehistorik de senaste 12 månaderna. Den andra delen innefattade ”The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale”, modifierad för att passa idrotten friidrott. Till den statistiska analysen användes statistikprogrammet R version 3.5.2 och resultatet analyserades med Mann-Whitney U-test samt Spearmans icke parametriska test. Resultat 52 av de 69 inkluderade friidrottarna rapporterade minst en skada under de senaste 12 månaderna och vanligaste skattad frånvarotid på grund av skada var åtta till 28 dagar. Ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0,095) påvisades mellan kön och uppfattad skaderisk. Friidrottare som rapporterade mer än en skada de senaste 12 månaderna uppfattade sin skaderisk som högre för återfallsskada (p<0,025). Signifikanta resultat fanns mellan uppfattad skaderisk och skadans allvarlighetsgrad (p<0,006), där sambanden var negativa (r=-0,32). När skadans allvarlighetsgrad ökade så tenderade den uppfattade skaderisken att minska hos friidrottarna. Slutsats Skadehistorik har ett mindre samband med uppfattad skaderisk. Denna studie är ett steg mot en ökad förståelse för den potentiella inverkan som den egna uppfattade skaderisken har på den faktiska risken för skada. Med denna kunskap kan det vara möjligt att minska de negativa uppfattningarna gällande återfallsskador hos friidrottare som uppfattar en högre skaderisk. Resultatet kan även användas för att medvetengöra friidrottare med en historik av allvarliga skador om risken för återfallsskada.
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Pieterse, Johannes Jacobus. "Die effek van sportsielkundige opleiding op die prestasie van sportlui met spesifieke verwysing na baanatlete." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49917.
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Thesis (PhD (Sport Sc)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of a relaxation, self-talk, goal-setting, imagery, and concentration training package on the performance of six athletes in the 1500- meter event. Subjects were four female and two male high school middle distance athletes. The dependent measure was time taken to complete the 1500-meter nm in competition settings. A mental skills training package was developed, implemented and evaluated using a single subject, multiple baseline design. Performance scores were plotted for each 1500-meter nm and subjects' graphs were assessed for intervention-related change against mean performance change and established split-middle analysis criteria. Visual inspection of plotted values was supplemented by quantitive analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOV A). This study also included procedural reliability checks to ensure that the athletes did in filet utilize the mental skills they received training in. Visual analysis indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing performance times (1500-meter) in the case of four of the athletes. Overall, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvement in 1500- meter performance times for subjects across phases. However, a split-middle analysis of within subject variation indicated that a significant intervention effect was not observed in two of the six subjects. The social validity assessment by athletes and their two coaches provided further confirmation of the overall effectiveness of the intervention. Social validation checks indicated all participants to have perceived the intervention to be successful and all were satisfied with the delivery and content of the training package. The results support the usefulness of single-subject research designs for assessing the impact of mental training. The present study demonstrated that a mental skills training package combining relaxation, self-ta1k, goal setting, imagery, and concentration skills was effective in enhancing athletic performance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effek van "n sportsielkundige opleidingspakket, bestaande uit ontspanningsvaardighede, effektiewe selfspraak, doelwitstelling, beelding en konsentrasievaardighede op die prestasie van sportlui in die 1500-meter wedloop, is in die onderhawige navorsing ondersoek. Die proefpersone wat aan die navorsingprojek deelgeneem het, was vier vroulike en twee manlike hoërskool middelafstand-atlete. Die afhanklike veranderlike is gedefinieer as die tyd wat dit elke proefpersoon neem om die 1500-meter wedloop in kompetisie-situasies te voltooi. 'n Sportsielkundige opleidingspakket is ontwikkel, geïmplementeer en die effek daarvan op prestasietyd is geëvalueer deur gebruik te maak van "n enkelproefpersoon-, meervoudige basislynontwerp oor individue. Wedlooptyd in die 1500- meter is graftes ten opsigte van elke proefpersoon voorgestel en volgens kriteria vir visuele inspeksie en die "split-middle" -tegniek geanaliseer. Visuele analise van die data is deur middel van kwantitatiewe herhaalde waameming;analise van die variansie uitgebrei. Die ondersoek het ook kontrole vir prosedurelebetroubaarheid ingesluit om te verseker dat die betrokke sportsielkundige vaardighede waarin proefpersone opgelei is, inderdaad deur hul gebruik word Visuele analise van die navorsingdata het aangedui dat die sportsielkundige opleidingsprogram wel effektiefwas om presf.asietyd (l500-meter) by vier van die ses atlete te verbeter. Die herhaalde waamemingsanalise van die variansie het oor die algemeen beduidende verbetering in presf.asietyd in die 1500-meter vir proefpersone vanaf die basislyn:fase na die intervensiefase aangetoon. "n "Split-miádle" analise van intra-proefpersoon variasie het egter aangedui dat "n beduidende intervensie-effek nie by twee van die ses proefpersone waargeneem kon word nie. 'n Gunstige sosiale validering is van die betrokke proefpersone en hul afrigters ontvang wat verdere bevestiging bied vir die effektiwiteit van die intervensie oor die algemeen. Resultate met betrekking tot die sosiale validering het aangedui dat al die deelnemers by die navorsingprojek die intervensie as suksesvol beskou het en tevrede was met die toepassing en inhoud van die opleidingspakket. In die onderhawige ondersoek is aangedui dat "n sportsielkundige opleidingsprogram wat ontspanningsvaardighede, selfspraak, doelwitstelling, beelding en konsentrasievaardighede kombineer, weloor die algemeen effektief was om sportlui se prestasie te verbeter.
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Baccas, Sakeena E. "Sportspersonship differences among NCAA Division III track and field athletes." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Tamura, Kaori. "Sprint biomechanics of female National Collegiate Athletic Association division track and field athlete." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20662.
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Tsai, Hsiu-Jiuan, and 蔡秀娟. "Scenario Analysis of Sports Injuries in Track and Field Athletic." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74990234785062039604.
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碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
97
Athletics is a human instinct, including running, jumping and throwing. In the course of athletics may have variety of injuries when athletes arrangements for sports training, sports and technology, the standard of sports training, sports and other environmental factors and conditions. And the type of injuries comprises four categories, for instance, type of injury, accidents, and human behavior. The aims of this research are to measure the effect of injuries in different situation. There are 136 athletics, Attended country-wide secondary schools athletic meet, took by the research as the object of the individual case for questionnaires. Data were collected through statistics analysis. The findings are as follows. Different age and educational background put emphasis on different aspects among safe protective. Different weight and length of training put emphasis on different aspects on emergency measures. In the reason of injuries, different country background put emphasis on different aspects on action and different frequency of training put emphasis on different aspects on Physiological factors.
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Angelo, Shalea K. "Differences in perceived athletic competence between male and female collegiate distance runners, middle distance runners, and sprinters." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Lin, Keng-Hsin, and 蘇瓊月. "Scenario Analysis of Sports Injuries with Track and Field Athletic in Taichung City." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06119333806174105625.
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碩士亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士在職專班
102
The occurrence of sports injuries is related to the athletic training arrangements, movement type and technology, the standard of sports training, sports environment and the conditions of athletes themselves and other factors. The types of injury can be categorized into several main types according to the kinds of injuries, accidents, and human behavior. The purpose of the research is to explore the causes of sports injuries in national Dajia senior junior high school track athletes by different situations. The purpose of the questionnaire survey is to understand the players’ current sports injuries combined with scenario analysis and other methods. The results of the study showed that the main parts that athletes are injured frequently are strain of hip or thigh, a sprained ankle, the lower back or waist. It’s found that the sprinters injury most. The sprinters hurt more than other players because that they may not warm up enough or rapid sprint. In Athletics situational safety management situation, it is shown that there is a significant difference among the sports major, school education of athletics situation safety management and response and treatment. Because of that, sports injuries affect the practice situation and stimulate the old wound recurred. The parts and causes of the athletics injuries are roughly in line with the practical experience to lead the track and field team, and therefore I recommended the coach to pay more attention, and record the sports injuries history statistics of the athletes, which will help with planning training and protective measures in the future.
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Liao, Wei-Chieh, and 廖尉傑. "Analysis Of Track and Field Athletes Retirement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20542265365456538483.
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碩士國立體育大學
體育研究所
104
Athletic career is very limited. Athletes one day must encounter to retirement eventually. The researcher myself has years of experience in athletics. Through in-depth interviews with track and field athletes and collection of relevant information and documents, the factors of their retirement are learned. The research also covered the course of education, training regiments and career planning of these track and field athletes. The results are: First, track and field athletes may do so through sports skills education, but not the final factor to consider decommissioning; secondly, to improve our athletes' lack of career planning, which led to a lack of a second expertise. So the (lack of) second expertise is an important factor in weighing upon these athletes’ retirement. When there is a career-switching opportunity relying upon their second expertise, they will seize it and alter their original career planning; finally, the lack of established professionalized track and field competitions in Taiwan causes insecurity of these athletes and eventually lead them into early retirement.
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Tsai, Huei-Fang, and 蔡惠芳. "The study of track and field event ranking of national intercollegiate athletic games from 2000 to 2015." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11620597442845849051.
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碩士國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
103
The first Taiwan national collegiate athletic game (TNCAG) was organized by Taiwan Provincial Teachers College in 1952, over sixty years ago. Sport events varies with different organizer, only the athletics did not eliminate and continued to this day, also had most players among all events in the series. The purpose of this study was to investigate the medals ranking of athletics of TNCAG first and second tiers series record from 2000 to 2015 by text analysis method. Results: In Second tier, one hundred and forty-three colleges awarded, and total awards were one thousand eight hundred and thirty medals. Top 8 in Medals ranking was Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Chiao Tung University, National Cheng Kung University, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, Nan Kai University of Technology, Chang Jung Christian University and National Chung Hsing University, respectively. In First tier, twenty-night colleges awarded, and total awards were one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven medals. Top 8 in Medals ranking was National Taiwan Sport University, National Taiwan University of Sport, National Taiwan Normal University, University of Taipei, Fu Jen Catholic University, National Pingtung University, National Taipei University of Education and Chinese Culture University. Conclusion: intercollegiate athletic medals ranking effected by cultural and economics, and had an impact on college sports development and significant influence on the potential students interesting in second tier. According the first tier athletics ranking record, professional sports colleges had advantage on TNCAG. Keywords: ranking of intercollegiate athletic games, track & field event
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TSENG, LIN-YU, and 曾琳瑜. "A Study on Sports Participating Motivation, Social Support and Sports Performance of Track and Field Athletes of National High School Athletic Games." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rtde8f.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
休閒運動研究所
107
The purpose of the research was to realize Sports Participating Motivation and Social Support of the track and field athletes of National High School Athletic Games of the year 108. It was aimed to study the differences in research for different background variables, and the final part was to explore its relevance. The main idea was to discuss the track and field athletes’ participating motivation sports and social support. A paper-version questionnaire was conducted on convenience sampling issued a total of 450 questionnaires, and received available samples 430 total in the end. One statistical software, SPSS 20.0, was also used to analyze the research data. The methods included descriptive statistics, t-test, Reliability and validity test, one-way ANOVA analysis and regression analysis data analysis. The findings of this study were as follows： 1.There are some significant differences in the motivation of participating in the physical education class between the different. 2.There are some significant differences in social support between the national sports athletes of different backgrounds. 3.There is no significant difference in athletic performance between athletes from different backgrounds. 4.The motivation of participating sports and social support have a positive impact on athletic performance. 5.Social support has a partial mediation effect between motivation and athletic performance.
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Wen-Wen, Lin, and 林雯雯. "Track and Field Technical Report - Using 2014 (National Intercollegiate Athletic Games ) Lin Wenwen 100m as an case study." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/knyj7k.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
102
This technical report is intended to describe Lin Wen-Wen talus linear fracture on the right foot and the fifth lumbar and first sacrum intervertebral disk herniation. The assessment and training program combined with the dash training developed by the planned training; this includes methods for athletic ability, technical evaluations and psychological analysis and to develop relevant skills, physical fitness, physical therapy and psychological coping skills. Technical report on Lin Wen-Wen took part in 103 National Collegiate Sports track meet in 100 m sprint as example. From testing, assessment, training plans, training methods and results were discussed. Finally, from the results, some future recommendations are given towards coaches, athletes and training references. This technical report concluded: (i) related physical training results displayed: maximum power, ten step change , and 70 meters will effects the overall of sport performance; (ii) technical training results showed: in supporting phase change, once the foot touches the ground there will be a compression from the calf, the closer the foot distance reaches the ground the better for improvement. From folding and keeping the swing leg technique, ankle has to be in dorsiflexion position and remaining phase the toes have to be buckled. Swing arm from the elbow of 90ﾟis difficult to amend, therefore, proposed amendments through a variety of technical training; (iii) psychological training results: 1. join a psychological recovery after injury 2. mental training and physiology training integration can help achieve and solve problems; (iv) competition results: individual goals would affect the competition outcomes.
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Franceschi, Alberto. "Monitoring training load in U20 track and field junior athletes." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9180.
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Master’s Thesis
International M.Sc. in Performance Analysis of Sport (IMPAS)The aim of this study was to investigate changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, perceptual fatigue and competition performance in junior track and field athletes during an outdoor season. To fulfil this purpose, data from six athletes (age 17.5 ± 1.7 years; height 172.6 ± 9.9cm; body mass 62.1 ± 6.4kg) were collected from both training sessions and athletics competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (week 1 to 8) and a competitive period (week 9 to 16). Training load was computed through training diaries, the countermovement jump and the repeated jump test were executed on a weekly-basis, and perceptual fatigue measures were collected using a wellness questionnaire. At the end, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify similarities and differences between the two periods. The results showed a substantial reduction in training load during the competitive phase. The countermovement jump and sleep quantity were associated with the best competition performance of the competitive season and indicated a positive development during the outdoor season. The others variables showed different patterns between athletes. This outcomes can be used as framework for implementing athlete monitoring system with young athletes involved in track and field sprint-power events.
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Ku, Ju-Mei, and 辜茹黴. "Sisterhood：The mentoring of female track and field coaches and athletes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72521857887215076790.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
99
Since ancient times, the mentoring is the most widely used system when teaching technical ability in all sorts of trades. The role of the master is not only teaching professional knowledge and skill, but also in charge of apprentices’ morality. Therefore, the role of master can become a teacher, father and friend.The major objective of this research is to study the relationship between female track and field coaches and athletes. This research adopts narrative inquiry as the primary research method and uses in-depth interviewing as the main method of data collection. The participants in this research is a female track and field coaches teaching over twenty years,black coaches and her student ,hippo. The research results have shown that hippo and black coaches in some chance, set up a as well friend as well mentor of relationship. When hippo ended the identity of athlete, the mentoring relationship collapsed. However, depend on each other deep emotion ,communication and understanding, they established a sisterhood relationship. Someday every athlete will leave their coaches , someone may leave with resentment or thanksgiving. The relationship among coaches and athletes, sometimes as enemies, sometimes like a friend, sometimes like a lover, sometimes more like a family. This emotion should be difficult to forget. Development of mentoring relationship finally test the wisdom of coaches and players to each other.
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Kearney, Niamh. "Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/78.
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ABSTRACT
Title: Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track & Field Athletes.
Background: Energy deficiency and its consequences have long been studied in female athletes because of it’s potential for increasing risks of illness and injury. Sustaining an energy deficient diet while training and during competition may result in muscle loss and reduction in performance. Studies suggest that athletes competing in sports focusing on appearance or a lean physique are at high risk for energy deficiency. In 2014, the IOC developed the concept of ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S) to include new components not previously included in the Female Athlete Triad. A study has not yet been completed applying the RED-S paradigm in collegiate track and field athletes.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of RED-S in female collegiate track and field athletes. It was hypothesized that the majority of collegiate track and field athletes experience RED-S. It was also hypothesized that a greater percentage of distance runners experience RED-S than other track and field athletes, including throwers, jumpers, and sprinters. The components of RED-S assessed were menstrual function, bone health, and energy expenditure.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, obtaining data through the use of a questionnaire and a relative energy expenditure index on a population of 12 female collegiate track and field athletes. Data were obtained through the use of a LEAF-Q questionnaire, a three-day food and exercise recall, and body composition analysis.
Results: The 12 athletes were a combination of distance runners (n=5), throwers (n=2), and sprinters (n=5). Average subject characteristics were: age (20.6 ±1. 44 years), height (165.6 ±7.5cm), weight (63.58 ± 16.97kg), and body fat percentage (20.9± 7.2). Average energy intake over three days was 2146 kcal (±627), and the average predicted energy expenditure was 2380 kcal (±458). Average hours spent in a catabolic (52.8 ± 24.0), highly catabolic (37.5 ± 25.0), anabolic (19.2 ± 24.0), and highly anabolic state (12.4 ± 21.0). Subjects were in a negative energy balance state the majority of the days analyzed, and 75% of the population had at least one day of dietary recall below 45 kcal/kg FFM/day. Spearman’s rho analysis found a significant inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and body fat percent (p=0.024, rs= -0.643), and significant positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and fat free mass percentage (p=0.03, rs=0.625). Spearman’s rho analysis also found an inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit (s= -0.626), and a positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit and body fat percentage (p=0.026, rs=0.636). Seven out of twelve participants scored ≥ 8 on the LEAF-Q putting them at risk for RED-S.
Conclusion: The study highlights the misleading effect of averaging multiple days of dietary recall on energy balance. When participant’s dietary recalls were assessed day by day the majority of hours were spent in a catabolic state, however when the three days of the recall were averaged the severity of the hours spent in a catabolic state lessened. The associations in this study are consistent with previous studies evaluating the relationships between energy balance deficits and body composition, indicating that longer duration spent in an energy deficit is associated with lower lean and higher fat mass. The findings from the LEAF-Q show that 58% of participants were at risk for RED-S, and half of all participants had or were experiencing menstrual dysfunction.
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Brown, Jennifer Robin Standley Jayne M. "The effects of stressed tempo music on performance times of track athletes." Diss., 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12302004-111046/.
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Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2005.Advisor: Jayne M. Standley, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 5-15-2007). Document formatted into pages; contains 36 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.
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Crowley, Charles L. Jackson E. Newton. "Factors influencing college choice among track and field student athletes at NCAA D-1 conference HBCUs." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092004-193820.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 22, 2004). Advisor: Dr. E. Newton Jackson, Jr., Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gore, Diana Henderson. "Factors that contribute to talent development in elite female track and field athletes." 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11022004-174802/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Cheng, Yu-Chun, and 鄭宇君. "Challenge: An Autoethnographic Inquiry to Coaching Track and Field Athletes with Visual Impairment." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7he8up.
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碩士臺北市立大學
運動教育研究所
106
Coaches to the athletes with disabilities need patience and knowledge concerning the limitations of these athletes. This study used autoethnography as a methodology to describe the experience that how a novice accompanied with her father started coaching track and field athletes with disabilities and finally she became skilled. “What were the experience and the meaning of coaching the track and field athletes with visual impairment?” This theme guided the autoethnographic writing and through reflections the writer searched for the stance of her own life. It was a journey of facing problems together with the athletes. The journey was composed of “Beginning,” “Pain,” “Confidence,” and “Rising,” followed with “Accompany,” “Support” and “Bravery” to interpret the gains from the journey. With the stories related to the coaching journey laden with sweat and tears, the writer wrote it like a listener, then a writer. Transferring from a taekwondo player to a coach to the visually disordered, the writer displayed the six-year journey filled with her time, energy and strength.
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Tseng, Hao-Chan, and 曾晧展. "Effects of Self-Verbal on Sport Anxiety inCollegiate Track and Field Throwing Athletes." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75182483087484396023.
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碩士臺北市立大學
競技運動訓練研究所
103
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand the effects of self- verbal on sport anxiety in collegiate track and field throwing athletes. Methods: Subjects were 17 throwing athletes, 10 males and 7 females, from University of Taipei. Demographic information sheets, self-verbal recording sheets for throwing sports, and the Three-Factor Anxiety Inventory were used for the study. Experimental group subjects received 1 hour self-verbal training on throwing skills every week for 8 weeks, and all subjects filled out the Three-Factor Anxiety Inventory in week 1, 5, and 8. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA were used for data analyses. Results: Self-verbal training could decrease physiological anxiety for athletes, but no change was found on cognitive anxiety and regulating anxiety. No gender differences were found on sport anxiety. No difference was found on sport anxiety among athletes with difference throwing sports. No difference was found on sport anxiety among athletes with different competition level. Conclusion: Self-verbal training could decrease physiological anxiety for throwing athletes, therefore, coaches, athletes, and sport psychology consultants could utilize the techniques to improve both physical and mental qualities and skills for athletes.
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Chi, Tsao-Wen, and 紀朝文. "I Run, Therefore I Am:A Self-Narrative of a Track and Field Athlete." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45081853659265062870.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
99
Why do we, or I, have to run? Why can’t we give up running despite its throbbing pain? That’s because our cells keep wriggling in our bodies, so that we are eager to feel the gale blowing (Shion Miura, 1998). Some works on running such as KAZE GA TSUYOKU FUITE IRU (風が強く吹いている), ISSHUN NO KAZE NI NARE (一瞬の風になれ), Born to run all deal with the issue that through running we can quest for the value of self-existence and promote our abilities, with a view to realizing our ideal goals. In light of these books, I’d like to further quest for my realization of running. In this research, which takes the form of a self-narrative, I introduce a track-and-field recommended student who questions himself about his almost 10 years’ career as a track-and-field athlete. I attempt to discover the meaning of Dasein from the perspective of my track-and-field experiences, and with that in mind, rewrite my life story. In addition, I examine myself from an Existential perspective that “only when humans experience their life individually, subjectively, experientially and directly can they undergo ‘the real existence’ in their life.”, and further explore the experiential meaning of running to me and the meanings of running in the different phases of my life. The structures in this research are five educational stages and four “Is”—ignorant in the elementary school stage, transformed in the junior high school stage, pursuing dreams in the high school stage, escaping duties in the college stage, and looking back on past in the graduate school stage. In every stage, I narrate my story and frustration as a runner, in a hope of getting rid of past troubles and looking to the future.
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Kuo, Chia-Mi, and 郭嘉秘. "“An Iron Woman”: The Life story of an Uncompromising Track and Field Athlete." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wmjt2m.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
競技運動訓練研究所
102
This technique report was based on the narrative form with autobiographical contents. It described the course of my growth and training as an athlete. This fantasy world was full of challenges, adventures, and imaginaries that were different from a non-athlete’s. In this narrative report, I strived to reconstruct my past life in which I discovered the meaning of myself as an athlete. Since I was a kid, I had been very energetic and enthusiastic about sports that built up my life. Then I met Taipei Physical Education College. In the college, there were all sorts of memories about frustrations and pain derived from hard training and games. After ten years, I entered graduate school and fulfilled my mother’s last wish. I gained new experience and deeper insights in the graduate study. At the same time, I learned to feel appreciated to some important persons around me. After a car accident, I bounced back to answer the call of my exercising body and became stronger. In 2014 National Disabled Games, I completed the impossible mission obtaining four gold and silver medals. After the Games, I took an operation on my knee. This was a coma for my athletic life and on this moment I still prospect my future with a positive view.