To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Track and field athletic.
Journal articles on the topic 'Track and field athletic'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Track and field athletic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
DeWolfe, Jennifer, T. M. Waliczek, and J. M. Zajicek. "The Relationship between Levels of Greenery and Landscaping at Track and Field Sites, Anxiety, and Sports Performance of Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." HortTechnology 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.3.329.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers wonder what it takes to improve athlete performance. Research has suggested that plants reduce anxiety, and reduced anxiety could, in turn, improve athletic performance. Research also shows that plants have psychological and restorative value such as improving coping mechanisms in human subjects as well as the potential to improve concentration and focus attention that could affect performance of athletes. The main objective of this research was to investigate the impact of greenery/landscaping on athletic performance and cognitive and somatic anxiety in track and field athletes. Four university track and field teams and 128 athletes participated in the study. Individual athlete performance and athletes' scores on the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) cognitive and somatic anxiety tests were collected from seven track meets that occurred during one spring competition season. Greenness/landscaping level was determined by Likert scale rating averages from professional horticulturists who individually rated each site. A regression analysis found that greenness level was a predictor (P = 0.000) of best performance by athletes. More of the athletes' best performance marks were at the track and field site that had the highest greenery rating, and many of the athletes' worst performance marks were achieved at the site that had the lowest greenery rating. Results also indicated that all athletes performed better at the more vegetated track and field site regardless of event and level of anxiety. All athletes performed similarly at each of the track and field sites regardless of ethnicity, gender, or grade classification. However, the overall average mean anxiety scores for all the athletes involved in this study were somewhat high in comparison with the instrument-normed scores for both the cognitive and somatic anxiety scales.
2
Haugen, Thomas A., Paul A. Solberg, Carl Foster, Ricardo Morán-Navarro, Felix Breitschädel, and Will G. Hopkins. "Peak Age and Performance Progression in World-Class Track-and-Field Athletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 1122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0682.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to quantify peak age and improvements over the preceding years to peak age in elite athletic contestants according to athlete performance level, sex, and discipline. Individual season bests for world-ranked top 100 athletes from 2002 to 2016 (14,937 athletes and 57,049 individual results) were downloaded from the International Association of Athletics Federations’ website. Individual performance trends were generated by fitting a quadratic curve separately to each athlete’s performance and age data using a linear modeling procedure. Mean peak age was typically 25–27 y, but somewhat higher for marathon and male throwers (∼28–29 y). Women reached greater peak age than men in the hurdles and middle- and long-distance running events (mean difference, ±90% CL: 0.6, ±0.3 to 1.9, ±0.3 y: small to moderate). Male throwers had greater peak age than corresponding women (1.3, ±0.3 y: small). Throwers displayed the greatest performance improvements over the 5 y prior to peak age (mean [SD]: 7.0% [2.9%]), clearly ahead of jumpers, long-distance runners, hurdlers, middle-distance runners, and sprinters (3.4, ±0.2% to 5.2, ±0.2%; moderate to large). Similarly, top 10 athletes showed greater improvements than top 11–100 athletes in all events (1.0, ±0.9% to 1.8, ±1.1%; small) except throws. Women improved more than men in all events (0.4, ±0.2% to 2.9, ±0.4%) except sprints. This study provides novel insight on performance development in athletic contestants that are useful for practitioners when setting goals and evaluating strategies for achieving success.
3
Boltz, Adrian J., Patricia R. Roby, Hannah J. Robison, Sarah N. Morris, Christy L. Collins, and Avinash Chandran. "Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Track and Field: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-513-20.
Full textAbstract:
Context College athletes have been competing in championship track and field events since 1921; the numbers of competing teams and participating athletes have expanded considerably. Background Monitoring injuries of men's track and field athletes using surveillance systems is critical in identifying emerging injury-related patterns. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics; injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results Overall, men's track and field athletes were injured at a rate of 2.37 per 1000 athlete-exposures; injuries occurred at a higher rate during competition compared with practice. Most injuries were to the thigh (26.2%), lower leg (17.3%), or knee (10.7%) and were caused by noncontact (37.2%) or overuse (31.5%) mechanisms. The most reported injury was hamstring tear (14.9%). Summary The etiologies of thigh and lower-leg injuries warrant further attention in this population. Future researchers should also separately examine injury incidence during indoor and outdoor track and field seasons.
4
Sottas, Pierre-Edouard, Neil Robinson, Giuseppe Fischetto, Gabriel Dollé, Juan Manuel Alonso, and Martial Saugy. "Prevalence of Blood Doping in Samples Collected from Elite Track and Field Athletes." Clinical Chemistry 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.156067.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND No reliable estimate of the prevalence of doping in elite sports has been published. Since 2001, the international governing body for athletics has implemented a blood-testing program to detect altered hematological profiles in the world's top-level athletes. METHODS A total of 7289 blood samples were collected from 2737 athletes out of and during international athletic competitions. Data were collected in parallel on each sample, including the age, sex, nationality, and birth date of the athlete; testing date; sport; venue; and instrument technology. Period prevalence of blood-doping in samples was estimated by comparing empirical cumulative distribution functions of the abnormal blood profile score computed for subpopulations with stratified reference cumulative distribution functions. RESULTS In addition to an expected difference between endurance and nonendurance athletes, we found nationality to be the major factor of heterogeneity. Estimates of the prevalence of blood doping ranged from 1% to 48% for subpopulations of samples and a mean of 14% for the entire study population. Extreme cases of secondary polycythemia highlighted the health risks associated with blood manipulations. CONCLUSIONS When applied at a population level, in this case the population of samples, hematological data can be used to estimate period prevalence of blood doping in elite sports. We found that the world's top-level athletes are not only heterogeneous in physiological and anthropometric factors but also in their doping behavior, with contrasting attitudes toward doping between countries. When applied at the individual level, the same biomarkers, as formalized in the Athlete Biological Passport paradigm, can be used in analysis of the observed different physiological characteristics and behavioral heterogeneities.
5
Chandran, Avinash, Sarah N. Morris, Patricia R. Roby, Adrian J. Boltz, Hannah J. Robison, and Christy L. Collins. "Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Track and Field: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-493-20.
Full textAbstract:
Context Women's track and field events at the National Collegiate Athletic Association level have grown in popularity in recent years, and track and field athletes are vulnerable to a broad range of potential injuries. Background Routine examination of track and field injuries is important for identifying emerging patterns in injury incidence. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 2.20 per 1000 athlete exposures; the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (injury rate ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.51, 1.97). Hamstring tears (8.9%), medial tibial stress syndrome (5.4%), and lateral ligament complex tears (4.2%) were the most reported injuries. Conclusions Given the results of this study, further attention may be directed toward factors associated with noncontact injury risk in the competitions. The changing injury rates of most reported injuries also warrant monitoring post 2018–2019.
6
Lindsay, Adam, Omid Jalali, Shane Korber, Russ Romano, Hyunwoo Paco Kang, James E. Tibone, Alexander E. Weber, and Seth C. Gamradt. "Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (July 2019): 2325967119S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00404.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress reactions and fractures in NCAA Division I track and field athletes, and to determine the relationship between fractures and serum vitamin D levels. Methods: After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: Of the 148 athletes analyzed, greater than 50% had hypovitaminois D (Figure 1). There were 29 (19.6%) athletes sustained a stress fracture or stress reaction. There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels in the injured group vs the non-injured group (43.55 ± 11.97 vs. 39.61 ± 12.32, respectively; p=0.122). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression failed to demonstrate an association between stress fracture or reaction incidence and vitamin D status, age, BMI, or event type (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: These data suggest that NCAA Division I track and field athletes suffer a high rate of stress fractures and reactions, though those with hypovitaminosis D are not at increased risk of these injuries. This is the first study to demonstrate this in a heterogeneous population of elite athletes. Future studies investigating other modifiable risk factors for fracture in this population are warranted to prevent the health and athletic consequences of these fractures.
7
Close, Graeme L., Craig Sale, Keith Baar, and Stephane Bermon. "Nutrition for the Prevention and Treatment of Injuries in Track and Field Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0290.
Full textAbstract:
Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining one or more during their athletic careers. As many as one in 12 athletes incur an injury during international competitions, many of which result in time lost from training and competition. Injuries to skeletal muscle account for over 40% of all injuries, with the lower leg being the predominant site of injury. Other common injuries include fractures, especially stress fractures in athletes with low energy availability, and injuries to tendons and ligaments, especially those involved in high-impact sports, such as jumping. Given the high prevalence of injury, it is not surprising that there has been a great deal of interest in factors that may reduce the risk of injury, or decrease the recovery time if an injury should occur: One of the main variables explored is nutrition. This review investigates the evidence around various nutrition strategies, including macro- and micronutrients, as well as total energy intake, to reduce the risk of injury and improve recovery time, focusing upon injuries to skeletal muscle, bone, tendons, and ligaments.
8
Kozuma, Ayumu, Keima Tomaru, Rikako Nakajima, Misato Nakano, and Naoki Kikuchi. "Relationship Between The Attractiveness And Athletic Achievement In Track And Field Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000686968.90616.fe.
Full text
9
Brokaw, Trey. "Is There a Correlation in Improvements of TOPS Scores and Improvements in Track and Field Performances in Collegiate Athletes?" Journal of Coaching Education 6, no. 2 (August 2013): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.6.2.183.
Full textAbstract:
This presentation will share the results from a study conducted on college track and field athletes at the NCAA division II level. The study compares the results of scores on the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) and, individual athlete’s improvements in their event area according to the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) scoring charts for track and field. A select group of primarily middle distance and distance runners was selected for the study. These athletes were given a baseline TOPS examination to evaluate their prior knowledge and use of mental skills in their athletic experiences. Personal best times in the athlete’s primary events were recorded from the previous year. During the nine weeks of the outdoor track and field season that this study took place; athletes were introduced to a wide array of activities associated with improving their mental skills. Such activities included goal setting, imagery, relaxation, optimum level of arousal, affirmations, and the use of positive self-talk and routines. Athletes would have an organized mental skills session at least twice each of the nine weeks of the season. Athletes also had an individual meeting with the coaches to go over goal setting and the use of their mental skills to enhance their physical skills. After the outdoor season was completed the athletes took a post-examination TOPS. The scores were compared with their pretest scores as well as their improvement in personal best times in their main events on the track.
10
Higgs, Colin, Pamela Babstock, Joan Buck, and Christine Parsons. "Wheelchair Classification for Track and Field Events: A Performance Approach." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 7, no. 1 (January 1990): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.7.1.22.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 4,698 performances by 904 athletes from 46 countries were analyzed to answer the following questions: (a) Were there significant differences in performance between athletes in each of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF) medical classifications? (b) To what extent did the classification system yield consistent results across events? (c) To what extent did performance discriminate between athletes in the various classes? (d) What classification systems would the performance data support? The analysis indicated that not all classes differed significantly from all other classes in performance and that there were different patterns of interclass performance between the track events and the throws. Individual athletic performance was shown not to be a good discriminator of medical classification, particularly for paraplegics. The data supported a reduction in the number of classifications from 7 to 3 in track and from 8 to 4 classes in the throws.
11
Lindsay, Adam, Omid Jalali, Shane Korber, Russ Romano, James E. Tibone, Alexander E. Weber, and Seth C. Gamradt. "Hypovitaminosis D Is A Risk Factor for Posterior Chain Muscular Injury in NCAA Division I Track And Field Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (July 2019): 2325967119S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00400.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Currently little information is available in evaluating micronutrient requirements in elite athletes. Despite evidence that groups of NCAA athletes may be deficient in Vitamin D, no study to date has examined Vitamin D levels with respect to their predicative values for injuries to the ‘posterior chain’ musculature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between hypovitaminosis D and posterior chain injuries in NCAA Division I track and field athletes. Methods: After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: The analysis consisted of 145 (58% female, 42% male) NCAA Division I track athletes. Eighty-five of the 145 athletes had hypovitaminosis D. A full breakdown of athlete characteristics by vitamin D status can be seen in Figure 1 and Table 1. Of the 145 athletes analyzed, 33 (22.7%) suffered a muscular injury to their posterior chain musculature. Multinomial logistic regression identified hypovitaminosis D as an independent risk factor for posterior chain injury (relative risk ratio: 3.23, p=0.016). Age, BMI, and event type were not predictive of a posterior chain injury. Of note, 4 (4.7%) athletes in the hypovitaminosis D group suffered multiple posterior chain injuries, with 2 (2.4%) athletes suffering 2 separate injuries and 2 (2.4%) athletes suffering 3 separate injuries. None of the athletes in the normal Vitamin D group suffered multiple posterior chain injuries. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that pre-season hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for posterior chain muscular injury in NCAA division I track athletes. These data suggest that early detection of hypovitaminosis D may play a critical role in injury prevention for these athletes. [Table: see text]
12
Fortes, Leonardo de Sousa, Santiago Tavares Paes, Clara Mockede Neves, Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras Meireles, and Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira. "A Comparison of the Media-Ideal and Athletic Internalization Between Young Female Gymnasts and Track and Field Sprinters." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 2015): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0024.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the media-ideal and athletic internalization of gymnasts to track and field sprinters. Eighty-three female track and field sprinters and 50 female gymnasts participated. The subscales of the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 were used to evaluate the influence of the media on body image. The Body Shape Questionnaire was used to assess body dissatisfaction. The results showed no difference between the groups in media-ideal internalization (p > .05); however, the results indicated differences in athletic internalization (p < .05) and body dissatisfaction (p < .05). We concluded that although media-ideal internalization was similar, gymnasts showed greater athletic internalization.
13
Martínez Silván, Daniel, Amanda Johnson, and Antonio Tramullas. "Skeletal maturity as injury risk factor in adolescent elite track and field athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6_suppl3 (June 1, 2018): 2325967118S0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00038.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To establish skeletal age and maturity status in highly trained adolescent track and field athletes and to investigate the relationship between maturation status and different type of injuries. Methods: 72 adolescent track and field athletes from different athletic disciplines (long distance n=15, sprints n=16, jumps n=10, throws n=12, combined events n=9, non-specialized n=10) belonging to an elite sport academy full time between 2013 and 2016 were selected for the study. An electronic medical record for musculoskeletal injuries was designed according to international standards for athletics, and skeletal age and maturity status were determined at the beginning of each season using FELS method, athletes being defined as early matures (EM), late matures (LM) or normo-matures (Norm) according to the difference between chronological and skeletal age. Results: A total number of 195 injuries with an incidence of 7 injuries per 1000 h of training exposure were recorded in 72 athletes (15±1.7y, 169.5±9.9 cm, 61.4±17.9 kg, 215±64 training hours per season). A vast majority of athletes were early mature (EM=78%, Norm= 12%, LM= 10%). 98% of athletes in jumps, sprints, throws and combined events were EM, while a predominance of Norm (40%) and LM (40%) athletes was observed in the long distance group. A larger overuse injury incidence was observed in LM (4.1 inj/1000 h) and Norm (5.1 inj/1000 h) compared to early mature athletes (2.8 inj/1000 h). Apophysitis was the most common overuse injury, being significantly associated to maturation status (LM=4.1 inj/1000 h, Norm= 2.6 inj/1000 h, EM= 0.9 inj/1000 h; p<0.01), and long distance athletes the ones with a larger number of this kind of injuries (61%), and also with a larger training exposure (260 h per season). Conclusion: A predominance of late mature athletes was observed in long distance runners compared to all the other disciplines, and the risk of overuse injuries might increase when late mature athletes are exposed to large amounts of training during adolescence. Adapting training to maturation status and not to chronological age classical categories might reduce injury risk in adolescent track and field athletes.
14
Lou, Hang Ying, and Guo Zheng Wang. "Study of Athletic Trauma in College Physical Education." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.562.
Full textAbstract:
In order to make clear the basic law of college students’ athletic trauma, This paper made a survey through random sampling. As the result shows, the trauma chiefly occurs on limbs, with pulled articular ligament, skin abrasion and pulled muscle as its main types. It often happens during extracurricular athletics and physical education, when students take part in games such as track-and-field events, volleyball and basketball. The major reasons for those accidents are poor skills and insufficient warming-up exercises.
15
Lis, Dana M., Daniel Kings, and D. Enette Larson-Meyer. "Dietary Practices Adopted by Track-and-Field Athletes: Gluten-Free, Low FODMAP, Vegetarian, and Fasting." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0309.
Full textAbstract:
Some track-and-field athletes implement special diets aiming to improve health and/or performance. An evidence-based approach to any diet is recommended to minimize the risks associated with unnecessary dietary restriction, which may potentially do more harm than good. Four prevalent diets are reviewed in this study: (a) gluten-free; (b) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP); (c) vegetarian; and (d) fasting diets. Recently, gluten-free diets and low FODMAP diets have emerged as novel regimes thought to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. No direct beneficial outcomes have been associated with avoiding gluten for clinically healthy athletes. Indirectly, a gluten-free diet is associated with other dietary changes, particularly FODMAP reduction, which may improve adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Vegetarian diets can optimally support athletic demands. However, attention is required to ensure adequate energy and intake of specific nutrients that are less abundant or less well absorbed from plant sources. Finally, fasting is a long-standing concept that is undertaken on a voluntary and obligatory basis. Despite limited supporting research, voluntary fasting is a popular alternative to conventional diets perceptually offering health and body composition benefits. Strict obligatory fasting guidelines likely require the implementation of tailored nutrition strategies to help athletes cope with athletic demands. Overall, a multitude of factors influence adherence to special diets. Even when adherence to a special diet is a necessity, education and advice from an accredited dietitian/nutritionist are recommended for track-and-field athletes to optimize nutrition for health and performance.
16
Pietrzak, Anna, and Aleksandra Tokarz. "Structure of Achievement Motivation Dispositions in Elite and Non-Elite Track and Field Athletes." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 83, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2019-0022.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAchievement motivation is a distinguishing disposition in elite and non-elite athletes. Implicit theories and competence perception influence the types of achievement goals and constitute separate achievement motivation dispositions. The context of sport promotes various achievement goals and implicit theories about athletic competence. For this reason, scientific research should focus on the intrapersonal profiles of achievement motivation dispositions (achievement goals, implicit theories, and competence perception) instead of specifying only one of them. This study explores differences between elite and non-elite athletes in terms of intrapersonal profiles of achievement motivation dispositions. 54 elite and 50 non-elite track and field athletes took part in the study. The results suggest that athletes tend to perceive their competence accurately. Cluster analysis of the studied dispositions was conducted. The clusters present sets of achievement dispositions that vary in intensity. Moreover, the results present trends of the differences between elite and non-elite athletes in two of the three clusters obtained in the study.
17
Aoki, Kazuhiro, Yoshimitsu Kohmura, Kazuhiko Sakuma, Kazunori Koshikawa, and Hisashi Naito. "Relationships between Field Tests of Power and Athletic Performance in Track and Field Athletes Specializing in Power Events." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 10, no. 1 (February 2015): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.1.133.
Full text
18
Lievers, W. Brent, Katie A. Goggins, and Peter Adamic. "Epidemiology of Foot Injuries Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Data From the 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015 Seasons." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-560-18.
Full textAbstract:
Context Researchers analyzing data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program have not considered the differences in foot injuries across specific sports and between males and females. Objective To describe the epidemiologic differences in rates of overall foot injuries and common injuries among sports and between sexes. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury-surveillance data from 15 unique sports involving males and females that demonstrated 1967 injuries over 4 821 985 athlete-exposures. Patients or Other Participants Male and female athletes competing in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports from the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s) Foot injury rates (per 10 000 athlete-exposures) and the proportion of foot injuries were calculated for each sport. The effect of sex was calculated using Poisson-derived confidence intervals for 8 paired sports. A risk analysis was performed using a 3 × 3 quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix based on both injury rate and mean days of time loss. Results Foot injury rates differed between sports, with the highest rates in female gymnastics, male and female cross-country, and male and female soccer athletes. Cross-country and track and field had the highest proportions of foot injuries for both female and male sports. The 5 most common injuries were foot/toe contusions, midfoot injuries, plantar fascia injuries, turf toe, and metatarsal fractures. Only track and field athletes demonstrated a significant sex difference in injury rates, with female athletes having the higher rate. The quantitative injury risk-assessment matrix identified the 4 highest-risk injuries, considering both rate and severity, as metatarsal fractures, plantar fascia and midfoot injuries, and foot/toe contusions. Conclusions Important differences were present among sports in terms of injury rates, the most common foot injuries, and the risk (combination of frequency and severity) of injury. These differences warrant further study to determine the mechanisms of injury and target intervention efforts.
19
Medic, Nikola, Jasmine Lares, and Bradley Young. "The Constituent Year Effect: Relative Age Disparities in Australian Masters Track and Field Athletic Participation." Sports 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040167.
Full textAbstract:
The constituent year effect, a source of relative age disparities, in masters sport has been demonstrated mainly amongst North American samples. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether a participation-related constituent year effect exists among athletes (n = 6492) competing in Australian Masters Athletics competitions between 2000 and 2014. The results indicated that a participation-related constituent year effect was observed as the likelihood of participating was significantly higher for masters athletes in their first and second constituent year of any five-year age category (p < 0.0001) and was lower when they were in the fourth or fifth constituent year. The results also indicated this effect is influenced by gender and age. Specifically, the effect was significant for both male (p < 0.0001) and female (p < 0.001) masters athletes; as well during the third, sixth, seventh, and eighth + decades of life (all ps < 0.001). These data demonstrate that despite masters sport being an avenue for promotion of participation and overall health, there is potential for improving how competitive organizational strategies are implemented given the recurring intermittent patterns of participation associated with five-year age brackets which are likely to compromise benefits.
20
McFarlane, Brent. "TRACK AND FIELD: Motivation for track athletes." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 12, no. 6 (1990): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1990)012<0036:mfta>2.3.co;2.
Full text
21
Miller, Timothy L., Marissa Jamieson, Sonsecharae Everson, and Courtney Siegel. "Expected Time to Return to Athletic Participation After Stress Fracture in Division I Collegiate Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117747868.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Few studies have documented expected time to return to athletic participation after stress fractures in elite athletes. Hypothesis: Time to return to athletic participation after stress fractures would vary by site and severity of stress fracture. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: All stress fractures diagnosed in a single Division I collegiate men’s and women’s track and field/cross-country team were recorded over a 3-year period. Site and severity of injury were graded based on Kaeding-Miller classification system for stress fractures. Time to return to full unrestricted athletic participation was recorded for each athlete and correlated with patient sex and site and severity grade of injury. Results: Fifty-seven stress fractures were diagnosed in 38 athletes (mean age, 20.48 years; range, 18-23 years). Ten athletes sustained recurrent or multiple stress fractures. Thirty-seven injuries occurred in women and 20 in men. Thirty-three stress fractures occurred in the tibia, 10 occurred in the second through fourth metatarsals, 3 occurred in the fifth metatarsal, 6 in the tarsal bones (2 navicular), 2 in the femur, and 5 in the pelvis. There were 31 grade II stress fractures, 11 grade III stress fractures, and 2 grade V stress fractures (in the same patient). Mean time to return to unrestricted sport participation was 12.9 ± 5.2 weeks (range, 6-27 weeks). No significant differences in time to return were noted based on injury location or whether stress fracture was grade II or III. Conclusion: The expected time to return to full unrestricted athletic participation after diagnosis of a stress fracture is 12 to 13 weeks for all injury sites. Clinical Relevance: Athletes with grade V (nonunion) stress fractures may require more time to return to sport.
22
Pryor, J. Luke, Riana R. Pryor, Andrew Grundstein, and Douglas J. Casa. "The Heat Strain of Various Athletic Surfaces: A Comparison Between Observed and Modeled Wet-Bulb Globe Temperatures." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 1056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.15.
Full textAbstract:
Context: The National Athletic Trainers' Association recommends using onsite wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) measurement to determine whether to modify or cancel physical activity. However, not all practitioners do so and instead they may rely on the National Weather Service (NWS) to monitor weather conditions. Objective: To compare regional NWS WBGT estimates with local athletic-surface readings and compare WBGT measurements among various local athletic surfaces. Design: Observational study. Setting: Athletic fields. Main Outcome Measure(s): Measurements from 2 identical WBGT devices were averaged on 10 athletic surfaces within an NWS station reporting radius. Athletic surfaces consisted of red and black all-weather tracks (track), blue and black hard tennis courts (tennis), nylon-knit artificial green turf, green synthetic turfgrass, volleyball sand, softball clay, natural grass (grass), and a natural lake (water). Measurements (n = 143 data pairs) were taken over 18 days (May through September) between 1 pm and 4:30 pm in direct sunlight 1.2 m above ground. The starting location was counterbalanced across surfaces. The NWS weather data were entered into an algorithm to model NWS WBGT. Results: Black tennis, black track, red track, and volleyball sand WBGT recordings were greater than NWS estimates (P ≤ .05). When all athletic-surface measurements were combined, NWS (26.85°C ± 2.93°C) underestimated athletic-surface WBGT measurements (27.52°C ± 3.13°C; P < .001). The range of difference scores (−4.42°C to 6.14°C) and the absolute mean difference (1.71°C ± 1.32°C) were large. The difference between the onsite and NWS WBGT measurements resulted in misclassification of the heat-safety activity category 45% (65/143) of the time (= 3.857, P = .05). The WBGT of water was 1.4°C to 2.7°C lower than that of all other athletic surfaces (P = .04). We observed no other differences among athletic surfaces but noted large WBGT measurement variability among athletic playing surfaces. Conclusions: Clinicians should use an onsite WBGT device to determine environmental conditions and the need for modification of athletic events, especially as environmental conditions worsen. Given the large WBGT variability among athletic surfaces, WBGT measurements should be obtained from each athletic surface.
23
Edouard, Pascal, Laurent Navarro, Pedro Branco, Vincent Gremeaux, Toomas Timpka, and Astrid Junge. "Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (‘track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007–2018): implications for medical service planning." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100717.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo analyse differences between athletic disciplines in the frequency and characteristics of injuries during international athletics championships.MethodsStudy design, injury definition and data collection procedures were similar during the 14 international championships (2007–2018). National medical teams and local organising committee physicians reported all newly incurred injuries daily on a standardised injury report form. Results were presented as number of injuries and number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes, separately for male and female athletes, and for each discipline.ResultsFrom a total of 8925 male and 7614 female registered athletes, 928 injuries were reported in male and 597 in female athletes. The discipline accounting for the highest proportion of injuries was sprints, for both men (24%) and women (26%). The number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes varied between disciplines for men and women: highest in combined events for male athletes (235 (95% CI 189 to 281)) and female athletes (212 (95% CI 166 to 257)), and lowest for male throwers (47 (95% CI 35 to 59)) and female throwers (32 (95% CI 21 to 43)) and for female race walkers (42 (95% CI 19 to 66)). Injury characteristics varied significantly between disciplines for location, type, cause and severity in male and female athletes. Thigh muscle injuries were the main diagnoses in the disciplines sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and race walking, lower leg muscle injuries in marathon running, lower leg skin injury in middle and long distance running, and trunk muscle and lower leg muscle injuries in throws.ConclusionsInjury characteristics differed substantially between disciplines during international athletics championships. Strategies for medical service provision (eg, staff, facilities) during athletics championships should be discipline specific and be prepared for targeting the main injuries in each discipline.
24
Sari, Nugrahani Febrina, Agus Kristiyanto, and Sri Santoso Sabarini. "The Difference between in a 5K race running on the Tartan Track and the Asphalt Road Track against the Injury Risk on the Men Athletic Club of Dragon and Pandawa Salatiga." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i2.942.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between 5K long distance running on the Tartan track and the Asphalt Highway on the risk of injury to the Men’s Athlete Club of Dragon Athletics and Pandawa Salatiga. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method using an ex post facto approach in which data taken on respondents based on events that have been experienced before. The number of samples was 14 Men’s Athlete of Pandawa Club and 10 Men’s Athlete of Dragon Salatiga Club. The total number of samples was 34 athletes and samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using Triangulation techniques, namely questionnaire or questionnaire, interviews and documentation. The validity of the questionnaire test or questionnaire was carried out and agreed upon by experts in the field of running injuries and linguists (Expert Judgment) and the hypothesis was tested using the Chi Square test with SPSS. Observation was carried out for four weeks by taking data through questionnaires and interviews by researchers to respondents or research samples namely athletes and trainers. The results of this study indicate that the asphalt highway running track has a higher risk of injury than running on the tartan track. Asphalt highway has a hard structure on the surface, when running footstool meets a hard surface so this will cause the risk of injury to the foot such as archilles tendinitis injuries where large tendon muscles behind the ankles that connect the calf muscles to the heel bones experience irritation or inflammation. Knowing the risk of injury that occurs in certain types of trajectories can help athletes and coaches in designing training programs and minimize injury.
25
Tyflidis, Anastasios, George Kipreos, Alexandra Tripolitsioti, and Apostolos Stergioulas. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRACK & FIELD INJURIES: A ONE YEAR EXPERIENCE IN ATHLETIC SCHOOLS." Biology of Sport 29, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1019885.
Full text
26
Hegarty, Erin M., Erianne Weight, and Johna K. Register-Mihalik. "Who is coaching the coach? Knowledge of depression and attitudes toward continuing education in coaches." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (July 2018): e000339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000339.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe rate of depression among collegiate athletes ranges from 16% to 23%, with particularly high findings of prevalence in track and field athletes (34%). Collegiate athletes have also been found to underuse mental health resources. Given this high prevalence of depression and demonstrated reluctance to seek help, it is important to explore the awareness and understanding of depression among the individuals who work most closely with this population.ObjectiveTo assess coaches’ knowledge and awareness of depression among their athletes and describe their level of interest in receiving continuing education.MethodAll National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I cross-country and track and field coaches were invited to participate in an online survey. The sample consisted of 253 participants, of whom 56 (25%) identified themselves as female and 170 (75%) as male with 14 (±10.4) years of coaching experience. Respondents completed the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP) questionnaire and related questions. Differences in depression knowledge and interest in continuing education were calculated by gender, event specialty, length of coaching experience and certification history using analysis of variance and χ2analysis.ResultsThe mean score on the ADAP depression questionnaire was 83%. Significant differences were not observed by gender, length of coaching experience, coaching title or certification history. Distance coaches scored significantly higher on the test than sprints coaches. Coaches estimated that 11% of their former and current student-athletes have struggled with depression. 77% of coaches indicated a ‘strong interest’ in receiving continuing education.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate the participating coaches have a goodknowledge of depressionfor individuals without formal education on the topic but may lack depressionawareness. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that coaches in the sample found out an athlete was suffering from depression most often by the athlete self-reporting.
27
Bobrovnick, V. I., M. L. Tkachenko, D. S. Danyluk, and S. G. Lytvynenko. "Peculiarities of formation of physical preparedness of athletes in athletics." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(137) (June 22, 2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.6(137).10.
Full textAbstract:
In the training of all-round track and field athletes there are basically two ways to achieve high athletic performance. The first one is the improvement and development of those basic skills, to which the athlete is more predisposed (to speed, strength, etc.).
The essence of the second one lies in the fact that it is aimed at equal improvement of all physical abilities for mastering the events included in decathlon and heptathlon (sprint events, jump events, speed-strength events and endurance events).
The athletic performance rates of Ukrainian all-rounders, participating at these competitions, are 400-800 points behind. The best place of the Ukrainian athlete Olexiy Kasyanov at the World Championship 2009 was third with 8470 points, and the worst 23rd place was taken by Fedir Laukhin (7652 points) at the Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia). The irregular participation of Ukrainian all-round athletes in the main sports forums (Olympic Games and world championships) shows that the system of training decathletes in our country does not meet the expected standards.
It is possible to distinguish many reasons for such performances. In recent years they are associated with the fact that the leaders of decathletes traditionally don’t participate in the championships of Ukraine. So, all other athletes have no possibilities to compete with the strongest in this particular sport and to show their highest results. And this happens along with the absence of highly qualified coaches and conditions for the educational and training process.
28
Vazini Taher, Amir, Ratko Pavlović, Shahram Ahanjan, Iryna Skrypchenko, and Marko Joksimović. "Effects of vertical and horizontal plyometric exercises on explosive capacity and kinetic variables in professional long jump athletes." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0205.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Study Aim. Athletic jumps are specific cyclically-acyclic movements that despite the good performance of the techniques require from competitors a high level of motor, specific-motor and functional abilities. The aim of this study was to examine the response effect of vertical and horizontal plyometric training on explosive capacity and kinetic variables in long jump athletes.
Material and Methods. The participants of this study were twenty professional jumpers (22.5 ± 4.2 years; 178.4 ± 9.8 cm; 70.3 ± 7.6 kg) who were divided into two groups: experimental (plyometric training) and control (standard training). They participated in the last track and field championship in country, moreover, three of them participated in the last Asian games, and one athlete participated in the world track and field championship. The experiments were conducted on June-July 2019 in twenty professional athletes. All tests were performed after a standard warm up protocol. The place of camera was always determined wisely around the jumping field to attain best photography. Organizing and controlling the imaging and motor analysis processes were done by a biomechanics expert.
Results. Post training results in experimental group showed more improvement in 30 m sprint, vertical jump, horizontal velocity at take-off, and long jump completion, comparing the control group. Significant between group differences in all variables were detected post training. No significant post training improvements in flight time and take off duration were reported in control group.
Conclusion. Vertical and horizontal plyometric training protocol was shown to be more effective in promoting improvement in explosive capacity than kinetic variables.
29
Bayraktar, Isik, Gokhan Deliceoglu, and Metin Yaman. "Examination of the normative values of Turkish adolescence track and field athletes." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/b.27.
Full text
30
Casa, Douglas J., Samuel N. Cheuvront, Stuart D. Galloway, and Susan M. Shirreffs. "Fluid Needs for Training, Competition, and Recovery in Track-and-Field Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0374.
Full textAbstract:
The 2019 International Amateur Athletics Federation Track-and-Field World Championships will take place in Qatar in the Middle East. The 2020 Summer Olympics will take place in Tokyo, Japan. It is quite likely that these events may set the record for hottest competitions in the recorded history of both the Track-and-Field World Championships and Olympic Games. Given the extreme heat in which track-and-field athletes will need to train and compete for these games, the importance of hydration is amplified more than in previous years. The diverse nature of track-and-field events, training programs, and individuality of athletes taking part inevitably means that fluid needs will be highly variable. Track-and-field events can be classified as low, moderate, or high risk for dehydration based on typical training and competition scenarios, fluid availability, and anticipated sweat losses. This paper reviews the risks of dehydration and potential consequences to performance in track-and-field events. The authors also discuss strategies for mitigating the risk of dehydration.
31
Andrews, Ashley, Janet R. Wojcik, Joni M. Boyd, and Charles J. Bowers. "Sports Nutrition Knowledge among Mid-Major Division I University Student-Athletes." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3172460.
Full textAbstract:
Competitive athletes have goals to optimize performance and to maintain healthy body composition. Sports nutrition is a component of training programs often overlooked by student-athletes and their coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine student-athletes’ sports nutrition knowledge across sex, class level, team, and completion of prior nutrition coursework. Participants included 123 mid-major Division I university student-athletes (47 females and 76 males) from baseball, softball, men’s soccer, track and field, and tennis. The student-athletes completed a survey questionnaire to determine adequate sports nutrition knowledge (mean ≥ 75%). The overall mean sports nutrition knowledge score for the student-athletes was 56.9% which was considered inadequate sports nutrition knowledge (mean < 75%). Only 12 student-athletes achieved adequate sports nutrition knowledge score of 75% or higher. There were no differences by sex, class level, team, and completion of prior nutrition coursework. Student-athletes’ inadequate sports nutrition knowledge may place them at nutrition risk, lead to impaired performance, and affect their lean body mass and energy levels. Athletics personnel should not assume student-athletes have adequate sports nutrition knowledge. Athletic departments may make available a board certified Sports Dietitian or Registered Dietitian and offer classroom or online courses facilitating student-athletes to optimize nutrition knowledge and behaviors.
32
Zotova, F., A. Alhusni, R. Valiullin, V. Martynova, V. Chemov, V. Cherkashin, and M. Shubin. "THE CURRENT STATE AND ISSUES OF PREPARATION OF AN ATHLETIC RESERVE (BASED ON THE SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200111.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The article deals with the analysis of the current state and issues of training sports reserve in track and field. Materials and methods. A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions and 57 subquestions of open-ended, close-ended and multiple choice types was developed. The questionnaire-based survey was carried out among Russian and Chinese coaches (n = 161) aged 20–72 years including Honored coaches of the Russian Federation (n = 7) and elite coaches (n = 38). Results. The questionnaire-based survey for coaches demonstrated that they worried about: declining popularity of track-and-field compared to other sports; early specialization and related risks; low qualification of coaches working with children and teenagers. Respondents pay special attention to negative consequences of early specialization such as early retirement from sport, loss of promising athletes; short career in elite sports; growing number of sports-related injuries in young athletes. According to coaches, the main factors contributing to early specialization are the following: a) specialized training, which results in a rapid growth of sport results; b) achievements in sports are so high that a coach has to search for sports reserve among children. According to the respondents, young athletes should participate in competitions to learn how to overcome themselves and accumulate competitive experience. The majority of respondents think that integrated training in track-and-field is one of the important factors of successful career. Conclusion. A social survey of coaches has revealed peculiarities and issues typical for training sports reserve in track-and-field, which have to be considered and resolved.
33
Borba, Diego De Alcantara, João Batista Ferreira-Júnior, Luniky Alves dos Santos, Maria Carolina do Carmo, and Leonardo Gomes Martins Coelho. "Efeito da potencialização pós-ativação no Atletismo: uma revisão sistemática." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p128.
Full textAbstract:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p128 Post-activation potentiation is a physiological phenomenon reported to increase muscle performance during high-intensity exercise. To induce post-activation potentiation, maximal strength or power short-duration activities are performed minutes prior the main activity in an attempt to enhance performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate previous publications on the effects of post-activation potentiation on athletic performance. This systematic review used Scielo, Pubmed and SporDiscus database with the following search terms either alone or grouped together: post-activation potentiation, exercise, athletics, track and field, sprint, long jump, triple jump, high jump, shot put, javelin throw, hammer throw e discus throw. The review provided evidence that performing squat, jump and sprint exercises prior to the main activity elicited a state of potentiation that would improve sprint and throw performances and that preparatory activities that can cause post-activation potentiation should be used to improve athletic performance.
34
Salehian, Mir Hamid, Recep Gursoy, Tayebeh Bani Asadi, and Parinaz Ghanati. "Education of Cognitive of Emotion Regulation on Athletic Performance of High School Male Students." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572267.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of emotional regulation on the athletic performance. The present research was descriptive-correlational in terms of research method and applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method, which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study includes all male athletes in Bayburt in team (football, volleyball and handball) and individual (track and field, judo), with an average age of 16 ±2.6 years old, from which 30 students were randomly selected Voluntarily. Data collection tools consisted of three questionnaires: Charbonneau exercise performance questionnaire (2001) and emotional cognitive regulation questionnaire (Garnowski et al., 2001). The validity of these two questionnaires was 0.82 and 0.91 by Cronbach's alpha coefficient in this study. Regression correlation test was used to test the hypotheses .The results showed that the athletic performance of high school male students can be affected by cognitive emotion regulation. By training the emotions of high school male students their performance get better and cope with the challenges. Keywords: Emotion regulation, high school students, male
35
Wilkinson, J., and L. Mayhew. "2 The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual irregularity and disordered eating in junior elite athletics in the UK." British Journal of Sports Medicine 55, no. 16 (July 30, 2021): 940.2–941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm-2021-basemabs.2.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of injury in adolescent elite track and field competitors is high,1 however only one study has been conducted with UK athletes.2 Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), encapsulating the Female Athlete Triad, is a syndrome whereby decreased energy availability affects health and performance, potentially leading to an increased injury risk; particularly to bone (3). Calculating decreased energy availability is difficult, however identifying contributing factors, such as disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction, is more viable.3AimThis study was conducted to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction in elite junior UK track and field athletes.MethodData was collected from track and field athletes ranked within the top 10 of the UK U17 rankings in 2017 or 2018, with 138 athletes participating. Participants completed a self-reported musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction questionnaire relating to a 12-month time period.ResultsThis study found a 12-month retrospective injury prevalence of 43.5%. 13% of participants presented with disordered eating, whilst 37.7% of female participants presented with menstrual dysfunction. There was a statistically significant difference in injury prevalence according to gender, with more male athletes sustaining an injury compared with female athletes. No differences in injury prevalence were noted according to event group, menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating. The anatomical location displaying the highest prevalence of injury was the ankle and foot (22.5%). The anatomical structure displaying the highest 12-month injury prevalence was muscle (43.6%), followed by bone (30.9%). Additionally, 21.7% of respondents reported having previously sustained a stress fracture prior to taking part in this study.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of injuries in junior UK track and field athletes, with most injuries affecting the lower limb. Although there was no difference noted in injury risk for athletes with menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating, the prevalence of bone injuries was alarmingly high. This study indicates the requirement for future research investigating RED-S within this population.ReferenceZemper, E. Track andField Injuries. In: Caine DJ, Maffulli N. (eds). Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. Individual Sports. Med Sport Science: Volume 48. Basel, Karger; 2005. p. 138–151D’Souza D. Track and field athletics injuries - a one-year survey. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1994; 28 (3): 197–202.Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine 2014; 48: 491–497.
36
Nini, Lesia, Y. Touvan Juni Samodra, and Edi Purnomo Purnomo. "ATHLETE TRACK AND FIELD RECRUITMENT IN SPORT STUDENT TRAINING CENTER." Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/altius.v9i2.12650.
Full textAbstract:
Athlete recruitment was importance in sport achievement. If have good athlete based on good talend selected, so it will be greatest opportunities height performance achievement. PPLP given facilities and opportunities for student athlete from secondary and senior high school. The purpose of this study is to determine the management of athlete recruitment, athlete training and training programs and supporting infrastructure for athlete training. The research method used in this is qualitative. Sources of data in this study were athletes, coaches, PPLP managers and administrators of PASI KALBAR. The instruments in this study were observation, semi-structured interviews, field notes and documentation. The technique of checking the validity of the data is by triangulation. The recruitment athlete had charged in 2017, that was recruitment depend on coach recommendation. Coaches made recommendation based on athlete achievement. In 2017 that recruitment based on KEMANPORA rules. From 2012 to 2019 not yet showed significance achievement performance. Base on the data research showed, with new selection recruitment did not effect on achievement.
37
McKenzie, E. "Current status of myopathies affecting athletic horses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 13, no. 3 (September 7, 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170005.
Full textAbstract:
Muscular disorders rank among the most prevalent problems of horses competing in a broad variety of athletic disciplines, including track racing, dressage, endurance racing and Western riding disciplines. As described in this review, active scientific investigation is continuing to elucidate the different mechanisms underlying specific muscular disorders in horses, and is discovering and defining new disorders, and new methods of diagnosis, treatment and management. The flourishing field of equine rehabilitation and regenerative medicine is also driving the progressive application of a variety of modalities to the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions in horses. However, it is essential that this be accompanied by appropriate scientific investigation to verify the efficacy of recommended modalities and treatment protocols.
38
Ben-Zaken, Sigal, Yoav Meckel, Dan Nemet, Eias Kassem, and Alon Eliakim. "Increased Prevalence of the IL-6 -174C Genetic Polymorphism in Long Distance Swimmers." Journal of Human Kinetics 58, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0070.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe IL-6 -174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) functionally affects IL-6 activity, with the G-allele associated with increased IL-6 levels. The C-allele was found to be associated with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism and athletic performance among elite swimmers and runners. The study sample included 180 track and field athletes and 80 swimmers. Track and field athletes were assigned to three sub-groups: long-distance runners, middle-distance runners and short-distance runners. Swimmers were assigned to two subgroups: long-distance swimmers and short-distance swimmers. The control group consisted of 123 non-athletic healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood following a standard protocol. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher in the long-distance swimmers (18 and 43%, respectively) compared to the long-distance runners (3 and 14%, respectively, p < 0.001); middle-distance runners (4 and 22%, respectively, p < 0.001); and controls (5 and 19%, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, the CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in long-distance swimmers compared to short-distance swimmers (18 versus 5% and 43 versus 29% for the CC genotype and C-allele frequency, respectively). The higher frequency of the C-allele and CC genotype among long-distance swimmers suggests that the rarity of exercise-associated rhabdomyolysis among swimmers is probably related to other sports-specific or water-related protective mechanisms. It is possible that swimming selection in talented endurance athletes who are C-allele carriers represents an example of genetically-dependent sports selection.
39
Robbeson, Jg, L. Havemann-Nel, and Hh Wright. "The female athlete triad in student track and field athletes." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 26, no. 2 (January 2013): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2013.11734446.
Full text
40
Tran, Julie K., Sharon L. Hame, Richard Maguire, and David McAllister. "Fractures in Track and Field Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01555.
Full text
41
Tran, Julie K., Sharon L. Hame, Richard Maguire, and David McAllister. "Fractures in Track and Field Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01555.
Full text
42
Young, Bradley W., Krista Jemczyk, Kevin Brophy, and Jean Côté. "Discriminating Skilled Coaching Groups: Quantitative Examination of Developmental Experiences and Activities." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 4, no. 3 (September 2009): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795409789623937.
Full textAbstract:
Literature suggests that the pathway to coaching excellence involves progression through incremental skilled coaching groups over extended durations. Critical in this development is the immersion of developing coaches in various domains of engagement and learning over time. Using a retrospective survey, this study quantified the cumulative activities, experiences, and interactions that competitive-stream Canadian track and field coaches experienced in formal coaching education, active coaching experience, mentoring, and former athletic experience domains. Analyses identified critical experiences that discriminated between four incremental skill groups: local club (n = 24), senior club (n = 19), provincial (n =10), and national coaches (n = 18). Results demonstrated that certain measures in each of the domains discriminated between the groups, including years of coaching, interactive hours working with athletes, having more assisting coaches whom one has mentored, and having taken more post-secondary coaching courses. These variables, along with former athletic experience prerequisites, were attached to a preliminary between-group developmental framework.
43
Zaremski, Jason L., Giorgio Zeppieri, and Brady L. Tripp. "Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-333-18.
Full textAbstract:
A significant number of adolescent athletes throughout the world participate in various throwing-dominant sports, including but not limited to baseball, cricket, handball, softball, track and field throwing events, and water polo. Due to the unique stresses placed on the throwing arm and entire body in these sports, a robust volume of literature has highlighted concerns about sport specialization in these athletes and an associated increased risk of injury, particularly to the dominant shoulder and elbow, with sport specialization. This review will highlight the evidence-based literature for this athletic niche, focusing on risk factors for injury, national and international organizations' recommendations for limiting overuse injuries, principles of conditioning and rehabilitative programs, and potential future areas of research to curb the growing incidence of throwing-related injuries among adolescent throwing athletes.
44
Hardy, Charles J., Jack M. Richman, and Lawrence B. Rosenfeld. "The Role of Social Support in the Life Stress/Injury Relationship." Sport Psychologist 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.2.128.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the role of social support in the relationship between life stress and injury. Utilizing a prospective design, male and female collegiate athletes participating in the sports of volleyball, gymnastics, field hockey, soccer, cross-country, track and field, and wrestling completed the Athletic Life Experience Survey and the Support Functions Questionnaire. The results indicated that life stress and social support were predictive of injury frequency among male athletes. Specifically, injury frequency increased as the level of total life change and the number of providers of shared social reality support increased (direct effect). In addition, injury frequency was found to increase as negative life change and the number of providers of, and degree of fulfillment for, emotional challenge support decreased (buffer effect). No significant models emerged for female athletes or injury severity. The results of this study support a functional or disaggregated role for social support in the life stress/injury relationship.
45
Adarash Pal Singh and Ashok Kumar. "Anxiety among Track And Field Athlete." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/1236.
Full text
46
Eremiev, Martin, Bobi Krumov, Irena Lyudmilova, Nadezhda Popova, and Daniela Lubenova. "EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY OF CHRONIC SHOULDER PAIN AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN ELITE ATHLETES WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2, no. 2020 (December 16, 2020): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2020.02.8.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: Тo study the potential effectiveness of individual physiotherapy program for wheelchair athletes with shoulder girdle persistent pain and dysfunctions. Materials and methods: Thirteen athletes, members of the Bulgarian National Teams in wheelchair basketball and track and field athletics, with mean age 40.6 ± 10.9 participated in the study. The studied athletes had had a history of persistent pain and shoulder girdle dysfunctions for more than 6 months. Individual physiotherapy programs were applied to the participants for a period of two weeks. The selection of techniques was based on the initial assessment and evaluation. The participants were evaluated before treatment, after the first week of treatment, and at the end of the period with the use of the following specific questionnaires and tests: Goniometry of shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction, Apley’s Scratch test, Active compression test of O’Brien (ACT), Athletic shoulder outcome rating scale and Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI). Results: Post-treatment effects demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in shoulder flexion (14.6° for the right and 12.7° for the left) and horizontal adduction (21.9° for the right and 18.8° for the left). A corresponding increase in the scores for the Athletic shoulder outcome rating scale was found with 10.92 points difference to the initial score (p<0.05). The WUSPI demonstrated a non-significant improvement of 0.69 points. The results of ACT and Apley scratch test showed a non-significant decrease of 23.1% for the right shoulder and, 15.4% decrease for the left shoulder after 7 days of treatment. Those results remained unchanged in post-treatment testing. Conclusion: This study showed that the individual physiotherapy programs are effective in the management of wheelchair athletes with chronic shoulder pain. The involvement of Mulligan’s manual therapy techniques combined with other types of exercises for the shoulder and the trunk are beneficial for wheelchair athletes with chronic shoulder pain.
47
Zhang, Xiaoran, Yinrui Wang, Junfeng Liu, Yucheng Jiang, Yiran Tian, and Ziyang Zhang. "Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Some Trace Elements in Runoff from Different Types of Athletic Fields." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (March 2, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587057.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental risk of heavy metals and metalloids in athletic fields has raised people’s attention in the recent years. Seven trace elements, including metals and metalloids, were detected in the runoff of five typical athletic fields in the university campus under three rainfall events. Except for Cr, the total concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, and As in artificial turf runoff are the highest among five athletic fields, followed by that of plastic runway. The concentration and first flush effect of trace elements are followed in the order of 1st > 2nd > 3rd rainfall events. The strongest correlations between metals and metalloids were observed in the tennis court runoff, while the artificial turf shows the least. The release of trace elements could be directly from the surface materials and particles on the athletic field and influenced by the comprehensive factors including surface materials, rainfall events, and pollutant characters. Pollution risk assessment shows that the pollution extent of the five types of athletic field is at least “moderate” and follows the order of artificial turf > basketball court > plastic runway > badminton court > tennis court. Pb shows the highest pollution level, while Cr shows the highest healthy risk. The results can provide a theoretical basis for runoff pollution control and safety use of athletic fields.
48
Solaja, Anita, Milan Solaja, and Miroslav Milankov. "Injuries in elite athletes in the Olympic period from 2008 to 2012." Medical review 66, no. 11-12 (2013): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1312483s.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Research related to injuries of elite athletes is very demanding in comparison to research on injuries in team sports, and therefore, there are a lot fewer resources and data on injuries in track and field sports than in other sports. Material and Methods. The research included 78 athletes who were the members of junior and senior national track and field team of Serbia (34 women and 44 men), aged 15 to 32 years. The research was conducted in the official training camp for the national selection in Bar (Montenegro) by using a non-standardized survey research technique, an anonymous questionnaire. Out of the total number, 59 athletes reported incidence of injury and 19 athletes were without injury over the four-year cycle. Results. The majority of injuries were reported on the lower extremities, i.e. in 90.8% (n=158), the upper leg and the hamstring muscle having been injured in 99 cases (56.9%) and 61 cases (35.05%), respectively. The most common type of injuries were strains (n=74; 42.5%), followed by partial ruptures (n=30, 16.3%) and distortion (n=25; 14.4%). The most frequent diagnosis was hamstring strain (n=37; 21.3%). Discussion and Conclusion. Inadequate procedures related to the extent and intensity of training, without prevention of injury, often lead to injuries in athletes. It is necessary to carry out continuous educational training, especially for coaches, whose effects should be reflected in the introduction of new knowledge and scientific achievements in the field of biomechanics, training technology, prevention and cure in the field of sports medicine. It is also very important to achieve adequate and constant cooperation between sports physicians and athletic clubs.
49
Tang, Ji-long, Bin-Ji, Li-hua Li, and De-long Dong. "The Development of Track and Field Based on the Achievement of Athletic in Recent Years." IERI Procedia 2 (2012): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2012.06.087.
Full text
50
Gregg, Melanie J., Dennis Hrycaiko, Jennifer B. Mactavish, and Garry L. Martin. "A Mental Skills Package for Special Olympics Athletes: A Preliminary Study." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose in this study was to replicate and extend the mental skills training (MST) package of Wanlin, Hrycaiko, Martin, and Mahon (1997) to Special Olympics track and field athletes with intellectual disabilities. Three participants ranged in age from 21 to 23 years. A multiple baseline design across individuals was used to assess the effects of the intervention on off-task behaviors and athletic performance (i.e., work output and competition results). The results were clearly beneficial for two participants, decreasing the frequency and duraton of off-task behaviors and increasing the percentage of laps completed for the third participant. A social validity assessment provided further support for the effectiveness of the intervention.