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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Track and field events'
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Horrell, La Tishia. "Comparison of intercollegiate athletes motivational and cognitive imagery use by division and events in track and field early in the season." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266029.
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Bazyler, Caleb. "Tapering for Strength-Power Individual Event and Team Sport Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3089.
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The overall purpose of this dissertation was to address mechanistic and performance changes following a peaking phase in individual event and team sport strength-power athletes. This purpose was addressed by conducting 4 separate investigations with track and field athletes, volleyball athletes, and a national level weightlifter. The following are the primary findings from these investigations. Division I collegiate throwers increased competition throwing performance, jumping performance, and preserved muscle architecture characteristics following an overreach and taper. There were moderate decreases in division I female collegiate volleyball athlete’s vastus lateralis muscle thickness with no statistical changes in jumping performance following a taper with no prior overreach in. There were moderate to very large differences in countermovement jump height supercompensation during the peaking phase in favor of the returners over the new players on a similar team of female volleyball athletes. Changes in serum concentrations of inflammatory, hypertrophic and endocrine markers corresponded with alterations in training volume-load and partially explained changes in jump, dynamic mid-thigh pull, and weightlifting performance following multiple competition phases in a national level weightlifter. Additionally, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area can be maintained following a competition phase in a high level weightlifter provided large changes in body mass are not attempted close to competition. The findings of these investigations support the use of overreach and tapering for strength-power athletes and provide an underlying biochemical, morphological, and biomechanical basis for the observed changes in performance.
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Burkhart, Brian. "The influence of life stress on athletic performance and occurrence of injury among intercollegiate track and field throwing event athletes." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115742.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if life stress had any affect on athletic performance and the occurrence of injury. The athletes in this study ranged in age from 17 to 22, and all had the potential and ability to practice and compete at the Division I level in track and field. The goal of the researcher was to collect as much information as possible on each athlete. Each athlete was required to write in a daily journal. A standard set of questions were asked in interviews prior to competition and following competition. Each athlete completed two types of scales prior to competition as well: Everyday Problem Scale (EPS) and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Through this information five common trends emerged: injury with treatment, external distractions, a higher performance was perceived if their family and friends were present at competition, teammate support, and teammate frustration.The researcher believed there was sufficient evidence to dismiss the comparison between the five common trends and the scores of the SCAT and EPS. The SCAT scores were mainly at the moderate level. The average score among all the athletes was approximately "19" or moderate. The EPS dealt with life stress and not athletic stress.The most frequently cited concern by the athletes were financial problems, difficulties with a girlfriend, wanting a relationship with someone, and so forth, but none were consistently cited.The perception of the stressor was an important factor in this study since the athletes perceived each competition either as distressful or eustressful. Depending on how much the athlete perceived each competition as a stressor may have effected his performance. Few stressors were identified but depending on the competition the athlete may have focused so much on the stressor that it became distressful while at another competition the same stressor was not focused on as much so it was viewed as eustressful.School of Physical Education
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Kerdokaitė, Kristina. "Skirtingų lengvosios atletikos rungčių traumų pobūdis, dažnis ir taikomas gydymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060515_091614-24720.
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The purpose of work is to determine the character and frequency of traumas encountered in different events of track-and-field athletics, and the influence of physical therapy on decrease of traumas.
In order to achieve the goal, we have implemented the tasks, i.e. we determined the character of traumas usually encountered in track-and-field athletics, as well as the traumas suffered by men and women. We determined the frequency of sport traumas, according to the sport experience. We determined the character and localization of traumas, according to the events of track-and-field athletics, as well as the most common treatment methods in case of sport traumas. We learnt whether the physical therapy has the influence on the rise of repeated traumas.
While writing the work, we referred to the hypothesis that the character and frequency of traumas depends on the specificity of events of track-and-field athletics, and studied whether the number of traumas decreases if the physical therapy is applied.
The work used the following research methods: analysis of scientific literature, oral questionnaires-interview, analysis of the content of documents (data of medical cards).
After the research had been made and the results compared to the other authors, we reached the conclusion that the character and localization of the traumas depends on the event of track-and-field event. The lesion encountered the most often is the strain, and the rarest one is abrasion and fatigue fractures... [to full text]
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Bollschweiler, Laurence R. "A Biomechanical Analysis of Male and Female Intermediate Hurdlers and Steeplechasers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1233.
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In the sport of track and field, proper hurdling technique is a complicated combination of various running and jumping kinematics. With most research having been done on sprint hurdling, there is a growing need for research on hurdling events of different lengths. The intermediate hurdles (IH) and the steeplechase (SC) are two events where there are a number of differences in hurdling technique. This study compared the differences in hurdling technique between events (IH and SC) as well as the differences in technique between genders. Subjects for this study consisted of 20 elite intermediate hurdlers (10 male, 10 female) and 20 elite steeplechasers (10 male, 10 female). Subjects were filmed performing their respective events at the 2006 USA Outdoor Track and Field National Championships. A 2-D analysis was performed on each subject to determine differences between events and genders for the following variables: loss of horizontal velocity, peak center of mass relative to hurdle height, horizontal position at peak center of mass, deviation angle at takeoff, hurdle step length, penultimate, and recovery step lengths, takeoff and landing distance, minimum lead leg hip angle, trail leg knee height relative to the hip at peak height, trunk angle at peak height, landing angle, and finally, the ratio of the recovery step to the penultimate step. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in 11 of the 13 variables analyzed. Steeplechasers showed significantly higher values than hurdlers in deviation angle, landing angle, minimum lead leg hip angle, peak height over the barrier, takeoff and landing distances, as well as penultimate, hurdle and recovery step lengths. Trail leg knee height was shown to be higher for hurdlers. Also, female steeplechasers were shown to have a greater trunk angle and loss of horizontal velocity than female hurdlers. Females showed higher values than males in deviation angle, landing angle, minimum lead leg hip angle, and peak height over the barrier. Landing distance, hurdle step length and trail leg knee height were higher for males. Also, female steeplechasers had a longer penultimate step length than males. Several differences in hurdling technique exist between events and gender. Hurdlers appear to place more emphasis on the kinematics which helps to promote a low center of mass hurdle clearance. Steeplechasers, on the other hand, are less pronounced with their hurdling kinematics. This is likely due to the greater economy required of the longer event. Gender differences appear to be, in large part, a function of differences in barrier height. As athletes and coaches go about evaluating and training hurdling technique, it is important to recognize the differences that exist between these different events.
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Powell, Raymond Brown E. R. "Predicting field performance on the NCAT pavement test track." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/POWELL_RAYMOND_1.pdf.
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Benson, Marni J. "Nutrient intake in female collegiate track and field athletes." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=HE+905.
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Nadavulakere, Shivasharan S. "International film festivals as field-configuring events." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8591/.
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Studies examining the issue of organizational field evolution, especially on cultural field's, have found that some events shape the process by acting as 'purveyors of legitimacy' (Anand and Peterson, 2000). However, no research is forthcoming on events such as international film festivals that serve a similar function. A new theoretical framework - field-configuring events (FCEs) by Lampel' and Meyer (2008) seeks to rectify the lack of attention paid to 'events' by organization scientists. . Adopting their framework, my research explicates one such event in cultural industries, particularly the global film in9ustry - international filin festival. Towards that end, my PhD thesis spawns four papers - one conceptual and three empirical papers. First, I articulate international film festivals as field-configuring events, and identify some of their key characteristics: spatial embededness, temporal recurrence, programming, premiership, juried competition, film markets, side bars, and accreditation. Second, I examine the organization, strategy, and performance of international film festivals. I propose that a prototypical international film festival is a competition of 'films, and its perfonnance is dependent on two resource streams: reputation of nominated films/film makers, and reputation of members of the jury panel. Third, I explicate the macro linkages between an FCE and national film institutions such as BFI through a process known as retrospective consecration. I propose that international film festivals such as Cannes, Venice, and Berlin directly impact BFI's efforts of anointing the best British films of the 20th century or 'BFI Top Ido'. Finally, I focus on the micro linkages between international film festivals and BFI choices, particularly focusing on how the. choices emerge from a voting college. The BFI's 'Top 100' voting college consists of three groups of respondents or 'cultural hierarchies' - experts, peers, and the public, and I propose that international film festivals represent a fonn of critical recognition and shape expert choices.
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O’Neil, Kason M., and Jennifer M. Krause. "The Sport Education Model: A Track and Field Unit Application." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4051.
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Track and field is a traditional instructional unit often taught in secondary physical education settings due to its history, variety of events, and potential for student interest. This article provides an approach to teaching this unit using the sport education model (SEM) of instruction, which has traditionally been presented as a model for team and dual sports. The application of the SEM to this individual sport provides teachers with an opportunity to provide their students with an authentic, engaging and festive environment in which to learn a sport that has been around for centuries.
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Bollschweiler, Laurence R. "A biomechanical analysis of male and female intermediate hurdlers and steeplechasers /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2254.pdf.
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Painter, Keith B., G. Gregory Haff, Michael W. Ramsey, Jeff McBride, N. Travis Triplett, William A. Sands, Hugh S. Lamont, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Strength Gains: Block Vs DUP Weight-Training among Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4132.
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Recently, the comparison of “periodized” strength training methods has been a focus of both exercise and sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training, while block forms of programming for periodization have been questioned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare block to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a 10-wk block or DUP training group in which sex, year, and event were matched. Over the course of the study, there were 4 testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics. Although performance trends favored the block group for strength and rate of force development, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 training groups. However, statistically different (P ≤ .05) values were found for estimated volume of work (volume load) and the amount of improvement per volume load between block and DUP groups. Based on calculated training efficiency scores, these data indicate that a block training model is more efficient than a DUP model in producing strength gains.
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Kuo, Pei-Hsin. "Measurement of Modulus Change with Temperature of Synthetic Track Materials." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KuoPH2008.pdf.
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Long, Jacqueline. "Whiting Events Off Southwest Florida: Remote Sensing and Field Observations." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6535.
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“Whiting” is a term used to describe a sharply defined patch of water that contains high levels of suspended, fine-grained calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These features are named for their bright (at times white) appearance when compared to surrounding waters, and have been found to occur globally, persisting for multiple consecutive days. Although whitings have been widely studied using chemical, biological, geological, and physical techniques, there has been little effort to document their spatio-temporal distributions in a systematic way, not to mention the lack of consensus on what generates whitings and allows them to persist for days to weeks at a time. In particular, although fishermen and aircraft pilots have reported whiting-like features off southwest Florida (e.g., a sighting off the Ten Thousand Islands was reported on October 29, 2013), there has been no targeted study on these features in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study is two fold: 1) to document the spatial-temporal distributions of whitings in southwest Florida (SWFL) coastal waters from 2003 through 2015 using satellite imagery to study how their occurrence is related to several environmental variables and 2) to conduct field and laboratory measurements to determine the particle composition and water characteristics in and outside the whiting features.
To achieve objective one, a multi-year time series from 2003 through 2015 was developed over SWFL using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. Customized processing was used in order to removed clouds and other artifacts and to delineate the surface whiting features. From this, statistics and distribution maps of whiting occurrence were generated. Annual mean whiting coverage peaked in 2011 (11 km2), when whiting reached a maximum daily visible coverage of 92 km2 on February 23. For the entire time series, the highest daily coverage observed was 126 km2 on December 6, 2008. Over all, whitings had higher spatial coverage during the spring and autumn, with 88% of all whiting coverage occurring within 40 km of the coastline. Images of average seasonal spatial distributions showed that over 90% of whitings located between 40 and 70 km of shore occurred specifically during the winter and autumn. A multivariate linear regression was performed, which found little to no correlation between annual whiting coverage and environmental factors such as sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and river discharge. This analysis was also applied to spatial distributions of whiting events within and outside of 20 km and 40 km from shore. The only statistically significant result was that of SST, as well as SST with river discharge and whiting events distributed more than 20 km from shore.
In order to accomplish objective two, several field campaigns were conducted to collect in-situ data and water samples of pre-, post-, and occurring whiting event conditions to provide information on composition, driving forces, and variables that cannot be derived via satellites. Samples were collected for taxonomic identification, chemical analysis, bottom sediment grain size fractionation, in-situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), particle backscattering (bbp), chlorophyll-a concentration ([chl-a]), particulate absorption (ap), and gelbstoff (otherwise known as color dissolved organic matter, or CDOM) absorption (ag). Taxonomic identification of marine phytoplankton within whiting water revealed the presence of a dominant, small (<5 >μm), centric diatom species during a sampled whiting event. Through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), these were identified as Thalassiosira sp. Amorphous to fully formed crystals of calcium carbonate were present, attached to cells of Thalassiosira sp., localized to the girdle bands. All other diatom species were devoid of similar growths. In comparing the waters within a whiting area to outside waters, no significant differences were found in ap, ag, nor [chl-a]. The carbonate parameters of whiting water differed from outside water, however due to low sample numbers these results are inconclusive. Average backscattering was twice as high within whiting waters compared to non-whiting water, and measured in-situ Rrs was higher at all wavelengths (400 – 700 nm) within whiting water, with a spectral shape similar to outside waters.
Overall, this is the first time that SWFL whiting events have been characterized systematically using satellite imagery, field and laboratory as well as meteorological data to diagnose whiting causes and maintenance mechanisms. Although these results are inconclusive, they add new information to the existing literature on this phenomenon.
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Lawless, Freda Janet. "A profile and training programme of psychological skills for track and field athletes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85644.
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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compile a sport psychological skills profile of track and field athletes and to determine whether a purposefully-developed psychological-skills training (PST) programme would affect this profile and athletic performance. The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase 143 student athletes completed sport psychological skills questionnaires before competing in the 2011 University Sport South Africa (USSA) Athletics Championship. The athletes’ perceived importance of psychological skills, psychologically preparedness, and need for psychological skills training were investigated. The athletes’ best performances at the championship were recorded and their IAAF performance points calculated. The majority of the athletes perceived PST as important. However, in contrast, a large percentage was uncertain about their need for PST programmes and, alarmingly, most of the athletes under-utilized the services of sport psychologists. This could possibly indicate a resistance to PST. Overall, the results revealed poor sport psychological skill levels. Only the achievement motivation and goal directedness dimensions showed satisfactory results. Effect sizes were used to compare the sport psychological skill levels of more and less successful athletes. This revealed significant differences between the respective groups. The within-group comparisons showed that the more successful sprinters outscored the less successful sprinters in the subscales of stress control and achievement motivation. Achievement motivation was the only aspect that differed significantly between the more and less successful middle and long-distance athletes. Among the jumpers, confidence and stress control distinguished between the top and bottom athletes. The more successful throwers recorded higher imagery and achievement motivation scores than the less successful throwers. The results from the first phase were used to develop a PST programme aimed at improving the sport psychological skill levels and performance of student track and field athletes. In Phase Two, athletes from Stellenbosch University were divided into an experimental (n = 24) and control group (n = 18). Both groups underwent pre and post-testing of the same psychological skills questionnaires used in the first phase, whilst their athletic performances were recorded on both occasions. The experimental group participated in a PST programme consisting of seven sessions which covered the following topics: achievement motivation, goal-directedness, managing somatic anxiety, managing cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, concentration, and imagery. In addition to these sessions daily activities and assignments were completed in a workbook. The effectiveness of the PST programme in improving the athletes’ sport psychological skills levels is evident from the improvements observed in nine of the eleven subscales among the experimental group opposed to four skills among the control group. Inexplicably, the control group’s athletic performance improved significantly more than that of the experimental group. Further research into the role and effectiveness of PST in track and field is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprofiel vir baan- en veldatlete saam te stel en om te bepaal tot watter mate ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram (SVP) hierdie profiel en atletiekprestasie sal beïnvloed. Die navorsing het uit twee fases bestaan. Gedurende fase een het 143 studente-atlete verskeie sportsielkundige vraelyste voltooi voor deelname aan die 2011 Suid-Afrikaanse Studente-Atletiekkampioenskappe (USSA). Die atlete se persepsie oor die belangrikheid van sielkundige vaardighede, sielkundige voorbereiding en behoefte aan onderrig in sielkundige vaardighede is ondersoek. Die atlete se beste vertonings tydens die kampioenskappe is gemonitor en hul IAAF- prestasiepunte bereken. Die meerderheid van hierdie atlete het aangedui dat sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling belangrik is, maar in teensteling hiermee het ’n groot persentasie aangedui dat hulle onseker is oor hul behoefte aan sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling. Die bevinding dat die meerderheid van die atlete nie genoegsaam van sportsielkundige dienste gebruik maak nie, is kommerwekkend. Hierdie verskynsel kan op ’n weerstand teen sportsielkundige vaardigheids-ontwikkeling dui. In geheel het die sportsielkundige profiel van hierdie baan- en veldatlete swak vertoon, behalwe vir prestasiemotivering en doelgerigtheid wat bevredigende resultate opgelewer het. Effekgroottes is gebruik om die sportsielkundige vaardighede van minder en meer suksesvolle atlete met mekaar vergelyk. Dit het beduidende verskille tussen die groepe opgelewer. Die binnegroepvergelykings het getoon dat meer suksesvolle naellopers hoër tellings as minder suksesvolle naellopers in die volgende subskale behaal het: stresbeheer en prestasiemotivering. Prestasiemotivering was ook die enigste subskaal wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle middel- en langafstandatlete kon onderskei. Selfvertroue en stresbeheer was twee aspekte wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle springers gediskrimineer het. Prestasiemotivering en beelding was die enigste sportsielkundige dimensies wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle gooiers kon onderskei. Die meer suksesvolle gooiers het beter vlakke met betrekking tot hierdie twee subskale getoon. Die resultate van die eerste fase is gebruik om ’n sportsielkundige intervensieprogram te ontwikkel waardeur sielkundige vaardighede en prestasie van tersiêre baan- en veldatlete verbeter kan word. In die tweede fase is atlete van die Stellenbosch Universiteit in ’n eksperimentele- (n = 24) en kontrolegroep (n = 18) verdeel. Beide groepe het dieselfde sportsielkundige vraelyste as in die eerste fase, voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram, waaraan die eksperimentele groep meegedoen het, voltooi. Alle deelnemers se atletiekprestasies is voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram genoteer. Die eksperimentele groep het aan die ontwikkelde sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram deelgeneem wat uit die volgende sewe sessies bestaan het: prestasiemotivering, doelgerigtheid, somatiese angsbeheer, kognitiewe angsbeheer, selfvertroue, konsentrasie en beelding. Hierdie sessies is deur daaglikse aktiwiteite aangevul en opdragte wat in ’n werkboek voltooi moes word. Die effektiwiteit van die program in die ontwikkeling van sielkundige vaardighede blyk duidelik uit die bevinding dat die eksperimentele groep betekenisvolle verbeteringe getoon het in nege uit elf sportsielkundige vaardighede teenoor die vier vaardighede wat by die kontrolegroep verbeter het. ’n Onverklaarbare bevinding was egter dat die kontrolegroep se atletiekprestasies betekenisvol meer verbeter het as die eksperimentele groep s’n. Verdere navorsing oor die rol en effektiwiteit van sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling in atletiek word aanbeveel.
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Hussey, Sandra L. "Factors influencing body image perception of Eastern Illinois University track and field athletes /." View online, 2003. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131163025.pdf.
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Traina, Zachary J. "Design of a multi-axis force transducer with applications in track and field." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32963.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 54).
The objective of this thesis is the design and implementation of a multi-axis force transducer to be integrated into a set of track and field starting blocks. The feedback from this transducer can be used by athletes and coaches to analyze race starts, with the intention of maximizing the runner's speed and power while decreasing wasted side loads and torques. This thesis describes the design of the transducer itself and the supporting infrastructure that connects it to an existing pair of track starting blocks. The transducer is tested in several field trials and generates a measurable voltage output that varies linearly with applied load and loading position. Data collected from the field trials is further analyzed to give insight into the starting mechanics of a collegiate sprinter.
by Zachary J. Traina.
S.B.
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Molinari, M., Keith B. Painter, R. Ruben, Michael W. Ramsey, Margaret E. Stone, C. Nelson, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, and Andrew S. Layne. "Comparison of Daily Undulating with Traditional Periodization in Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4512.
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Mertes, Melanie. "Fluid losses of Division III track athletes experienced during indoor versus outdoor seasons." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009mertesm.pdf.
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Gallou, Maria. "The assessment of track deflection and rail joint performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36196.
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Track stiffness is the one of the most critical parameters of the track structure. Its evaluation is important to assess track quality, component performance, localised faults and optimise maintenance periods and activities. Keeping the track stiffness within acceptable range of values is connected with keeping the railway network in a satisfactorily performing condition, allowing thereby upgrade of its capacity (speed, load, intensity). Current railway standards are changing to define loading and stiffness requirements for improved ballasted and ballastless performance under high speed train traffic. In recent years various techniques have been used to measure track deflection which have been also used to validate numerical models to assess various problems within the railway network. Based on recent introduction of the Video Gauge for its application in the civil engineering industry this project provides the proof of effective applicability of this DIC (Digital image correlation) tool for the accurate assessment of track deflection and the calculation of track stiffness through its effective applicability in various track conditions for assessing the stiffness of various track forms including track irregularities where abrupt change in track stiffness occur such as transition zones and rail joints. Attention is given in validation of numerical modelling of the response of insulated rail joints under the passage of wheel load within the goal to improve track performance adjacent to rail joints and contribute to the sponsoring company s product offering. This project shows a means of improving the rail joint behaviour by using external structural reinforcement, and this is presented through numerical modelling validated by laboratory and field measurements. The structural response of insulated rail joints (IRJs) under the wheel vertical load passage is presented to enhance industry understanding of the effect of critical factors of IRJ response for various IRJ types that was served as a parametric FE model template for commercial studies for product optimisation.
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Schulz, Holger. "Measurement of the Underlying Event using track-based event shapes in Z -> ℓ+ℓ− events with ATLAS." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17129.
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Diese Dissertation beschreibt eine Messung von hadronischen Ereignisformvariablen (event shapes) in Protonkollisionen mit einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 7 TeV am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) am CERN (Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire) bei Genf (Schweiz). Die analysierten Daten mit einer integrierten Luminosität von 1.1 inversen fb wurden im Jahr 2011 mit dem ATLAS Experiment aufgenommen. Für die Analyse wurden solche Ereignisse ausgewählt, in deren harten Streuprozessen ein Z-Boson produziert wurde, welches entweder in ein Elektron-Positron-Paar oder ein Muon-Antimuon-Paar zerfällt. Die Observablen wurden mit sämtlichen rekonstruierten Spuren innerhalb der Akzeptanz des inneren Spurdetektors (Inner Detector) von ATLAS außer denen der Leptonen des Zerfalls des Z-Bosons berechnet. Somit handelt es sich hierbei um die erste Messung dieser Art. Anschließend wurden die Observablen auf Untergrundprozesse mit auf Daten basierenden Methoden korrigiert wobei ein neues Verfahren für die Korrektur des sogenannten Pile-up (Überlagerung mehrerer Proton-Proton Wechselwirkungen) entwickelt und erfolgreich zur Anwedung gebracht wurde. Schließlich wurden die gemessenen Verteilungen entfaltet. Die so erhaltenen Daten sind insbesondere sensitiv auf das sogenannte Underlying Event und können direkt mit Monte-Carlo-Ereignisgeneratoren ohne aufwändige Simulation des ATLAS-Detektors verglichen werden. Abschließend wurde versucht die Modellparameter in den Simulationsprogrammen Pythia8 und Sherpa mithilfe der gewonnenen Daten durch eine bessere Abstimmung (Tuning) zu verbessern. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass das zugrunde liegende Sjostrand-Zijl Modell nicht ausreicht, um eine adäquate Beschreibung der gemessenen Verteilungen zu erreichen.This thesis describes a measurement of hadron-collider event shapes in proton-proton collisions at a centre of momentum energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire) located near Geneva (Switzerland). The analysed data (integrated luminosity: 1.1 inverse fb) was recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS-experiment. Events where a Z-boson was produced in the hard sub-process which subsequently decays into an electron-positron or muon-antimuon pair were selected for this analysis. The observables are calculated using all reconstructed tracks of charged particles within the acceptance of the inner detector of ATLAS except those of the leptons of the Z-decay. Thus, this is the first measurement of its kind. The observables were corrected for background processes using data-driven methods. For the correction of so-called pile-up (multiple overlapping proton-proton collisions) a novel technique was developed and successfully applied. The data was further unfolded to correct for remaining detector effects. The obtained distributions are especially sensitive to the so-called Underlying Event and can be compared with predictions of Monte-Carlo event-generators directly, i.e. without the necessity of running time-consuming simulations of the ATLAS-detector. Finally, it was tried to improve the predictions of the event generators Pythia8 and Sherpa by finding an optimised setting of relevant model parameters in a technique called Tuning. It became apparent, however, that the underlying Sjostrand-Zijl model is unable to give a good description of the measured event-shape distributions.
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Robertson, Erin Mhray. "Impact forces in female recreational runners track versus treadmill running /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Siegenthaler, Scott J. "The academic achievement of cross-country and long-distance track runners a seasonal comparison /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001siegenthalers.pdf.
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Provan, Gabrielle. "Coherent scatter radar observations of field line resonances and flux transfer events." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30613.
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The Earth's magnetosphere is constantly being perturbed by its interaction with the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This thesis involves a study of the ionospheric signatures of two separate processes which arise in the magnetosphere through these interactions, namely field line resonances and flux transfer events. Field line resonances - standing magnetohydrodynamic waves - have previously been observed as a periodic modulation of the plasma drift velocity by the Goose Bay HF and SABRE VHF coherent scatter radars. They produce latitudinally-structured spectral peaks at ultra low frequencies (1 to 6 mHz) observed predominantly during the night and early morning (0000 to 0600 MLT). A comparison of the spectra observed by the Goose Bay and SABRE radars demonstrates that the frequencies of the field line resonances are, on average, almost identical despite the different latitudinal ranges covered by the two radars. Possible explanations for the similarity of the signatures on the two radar systems are discussed. The CUTLASS Finland HF coherent radar has been run in a two-beam special scan mode, which offered excellent temporal and spatial information on the plasma convection flow in the high-latitude ionosphere. A detailed study of one day of this data revealed a number of pulsed drift enhancements, seemingly moving away from the radar. These transients are identified here as the ionospheric signature of flux transfer events (FTEs), transient reconnection between the IMF and magnetosphere. The transient signatures are used to produce an average mapping of newly reconnected field lines, calculated by analysing two years of both high-time resolution and normal scan data from the CUTLASS Finland radar. It is shown that the coherent scatter observations are consistent with the precipitation regimes observed by low-altitude satellites and the cusp signature predictions of the Lockwood (1997) and Onsager and Lockwood (1997) model of dayside reconnection phenomena.
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Klockare, Ellinor. "Track and Field Athletes’ Experiences and Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST : An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2218.
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Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to examine junior and first year senior athletes’ experiences and perceived effects of flotation-REST, including both the immediate response and experiences over time. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six elite track and field athletes (five female and one male), aged 17-23 years, who were purposefully sampled and had used flotation-REST two to six times. They were each interviewed on two occasions; once directly following a floating session and later a second interview concerning the overall experience. The interview transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1996). Results: From the analysis four themes emerged: Meaning of Flotation-REST, Experiences during Flotation-REST, Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST, and Views on Flotation-REST. Flotation-REST became a learning opportunity concerning relaxation for all athletes and three of them reported that it raised their awareness of the importance of relaxation and psychological skills training. For five athletes the floating sessions also became a breather in the daily life. The floating sessions were perceived as pleasant and relaxing. Three athletes experienced a lot of thoughts in the tank and five of them fell asleep at least twice. After flotation-REST five athletes reported experiencing less stress and an overall increase in well-being as well as feeling calmer and more energized for one or two days, although they were physically tired at practice immediately following a floating session. Being in a better mood and placing fewer demands on themselves as well as feeling more optimistic and present were also mentioned as perceived effects. The results showed more and longer-lasting psychological effects than physiological. The sixth athlete did not experience any special effects, nor did he experience stress in his daily life and sport performance, as opposed to the others. Conclusions: The study shows the potential of flotation-REST as a technique for health promotion and also as a method for stress management. Further, as the results revealed raised awareness, flotation-REST could be valuable together with other psychological skills training techniques, mindfulness and the physical training. However, considering the differences in the athletes’ perceived effects of flotation-REST, it indicates the importance of further research on the topic.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – Among Swedish and Portuguese track and field athletes and coaches." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-122.
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The aim of this study was to examine how athletes and coaches, in Sweden and Portugal, perceive and experience success and failure in relation to sport. Moreover, study if there were cultural differences in coping. The main objectives of the study consisted of examining differences based on culture and coaches vs. athletes in the following research questions; how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Fifteen (n=15) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with ten (n=10) Swedish and five (n=5) Portuguese sportsmen. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 1226 raw data units were identified and categorised using categorization, tagging and regrouping of relevant concepts. The results are discussed according to several stress-coping theories. Moreover, the result showed some differences based on both culture and on coaches vs. athletes. Furthermore success was mainly defined as reaching goals and failure as performance related mistakes. Reactions on both success and failure were mainly emotional. Negative consequences of both success and failure were most common and problem- focused coping were adopted to cope with those situations. The coaches supported the athletes by adopting emotion- and problem-focused coping.
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Bradstreet, Tyler C. "The Effect of Season Performance on Male and Female Track and Field Athletes’ Self-identity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500120/.
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Although the “self” has generally been conceptualized as relatively stable in sport-specific research, events such as deselection, injury, and career termination have been found to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. Additionally, there has been limited research regarding competitive failure and its ability to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide additional evidence regarding the influence poor competitive seasons have on the malleability of athletes’ self-identity. Athletes were followed throughout the course of their season to determine whether athletes who encountered a poor competitive season reported lowered levels of athletic identity. Specifically, male and female NCAA Division I track and field athletes completed pre-indoor, post-indoor, and post-outdoor assessments of athletic identity. Contrary to previous research, the current study’s results indicated no identifiable relationship between male and female athletes’ season performance satisfaction and their level of post-indoor and post-outdoor athletic identity. Thus, the greatest predictor of athletes’ post-season level of athletic identity was their pre-season level of athletic identity, regardless of season performance. Given these results, future research should assess self-esteem as well as other potential coping strategies athletes might use in order to gain a better understanding of the effect encountering a poor competitive season may have on athletes’ self-identity.
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Grinaker, Hanna Elisabet. "Iron Supplementation and Its Effect on Ferritin Levels in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27508.
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Adequate stores of iron are necessary for optimal athletic performance and severe iron depletion resulting in iron-deficiency anemia may depress performance. This is important for athletes, particularly females, to address because they can be prone to iron deficiency anemia. This review examines research data that has shown oral iron supplementation in doses of at least 45 mg ferrous sulfate or 106 mg ferrous fumarate improves iron status and may improve measures of athletic performance. It is recommended that female athletes most at risk of iron deficiency be screened at the beginning of and during training seasons using ferritin measures. Appropriate dietary and/or supplementation recommendations should be made to those with compromised iron status.
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Skarda, Laura Elizabeth. "Stress Reactions of Division-I Track Athletes." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/749.
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Problem: Track and field athletes, along with cross-country athletes have multiple and back to back seasons, creating overuse injuries. Stress fractures or stress reactions to the bone are the overuse injuries focused on in this study and literature review. There is a lack of information in the literature regarding stress reactions. Purpose: The goal of the study is to understand more information about stress reactions to bone and possibly increase the knowledge of health care professionals. Methods: Three case studies were examined through pre-existing medical chart notes and athletic trainer's notes regarding the stress reactions. A literature review was also performed to provide further information about stress fractures and stress reactions. Conclusions: There are multiple risk factors for stress injuries. All three of the athletes in the case studies are female, which is found to be a risk factor. Many risk factors need more studies to provide support. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained in all three case studies where there was found to be a stress reaction. These three females also had a recent increase in activity level and had similar symptoms to each other and what is found in the literature.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – A qualitative study on athletes and coaches in track and field." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-154.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how athletes and coaches perceive and experience
success and failure. Objectives of the study consist of examining how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Ten (n=10) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with seven (n=7) elite athletes and three (n=3) coaches in track and field. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 385 raw data
units were identified. These were categorised according to the objectives. The analysis showed that athletes and coaches defined success as achieving goals and a typical reaction to success was to feel happy. A typical consequence that follows success was increased self
confidence and athletes cope with this by setting new goals. The analysis of coaches showed that coaches create an understanding for the athletes, what they want and what they need. Failure was most frequently defined as injury. The most common reaction to failure was increased negative thinking and athletes coped with that by “clenching the fist”. Coaches help athletes to cope with failure by adapting the training. Development was considered to be a
significant consequence of failure.
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Kraska, Jenna M., Ann Marie Swisher, Michael W. Ramsey, C. Nelson, William A. Sands, G. Gregory Haff, H. Hasegawa, Jeff McBride, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "Relationship of Peak Isometric Strength to Rate of Force Development Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4096.
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Explosive strength, a function of rate of force development (RFD), is a primary determinant for the amount of peak force that can be produced in critical sport performance time periods ( e.g. foot contact time). Evidence indicates that maximum strength and RFD are correlated. However, the characteristics of this relationship are not well established among athletes. This study examined the relationship of peak isometric force (IPF) and RFD from a mid-thigh pull, among male and female track and field athletes. Athletes were 12 sprinters (S), 10 jumpers (JP) and 12 cross-country runners (XC). Force-time curve analysis was conducted for each (2 trials) isometric pull and averaged for analyses. IPF and RFD from 0 - 200 ms were determined from appropriate curves. IPFs were normalized using an allometric (IPFa) scaling equation: absolute force/ (body mass (kg)0.67). ICCs were previously shown to be > 0.9. Relationships were established with Pearson's r; statistical differences with a Bonferroni adjusted t-Test. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater in males than females for S and JP but not for XC. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater for S and JP compared to XC. Similar relationships of IPF to RFD were noted among groups S(r = 0.85), JP (r = 0.87), XC (r = 0.88). Among males, n = 19, the relationship ofIPF to RFD was r = 0.89 and was somewhat higher compared to females, n = 15, (r = 0.78). Overall (n = 34) relationship between IPF and RFD was r = 0.90. These data indicate a strong relationship between maximum strength and "explosiveness" that is independent.
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DeWeese, Brad H., W. Guy Hornsby, Meg Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "The Training Process: Planning for Strength–Power Training in Track and Field. Part 1: Theoretical Aspects." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4632.
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The process of strength–power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders, and doses exercises and loading patterns. Consequently, adaptation from these training factors may largely relate to the mode of delivery, in other words, programming tactics. There is strong evidence that the manner and phases in which training is presented to the athlete can make a profound difference in performance outcome. This discussion deals primarily with block periodization concepts and associated methods of programming for strength–power training within track and field.
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Dyal, April. "Using Expert Modeling and Video Feedback to Improve Starting Block Execution with Track and Field Sprinters." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6229.
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Correct formation during starting block execution is important for injury prevention and obtaining maximum velocity during the sprint. Researchers in applied behavior analysis have evaluated several procedures to improve performance in sports such as gymnastics, football, and, golf. A promising method to improve sports performance is expert modeling plus video feedback. However, there is little research on this method and it has yet to be evaluated with sprinters in track and field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of expert modeling and video feedback to improve form during block starts with track and field sprinters. Results revealed marked improvement from baseline to intervention across all four participants that was maintained at follow-up.
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Camporesi, Silvia. "From bench to bedside, to track and field : the context of enhancement and its ethical relevance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-bench-to-bedside-to-track-and-field(474eb5e1-e0ee-4f5b-88c4-49e3887e63d0).html.
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This thesis addresses enhancement technologies and their ethical permissibility through a contextual, bottom up approach based on case studies. The first chapter presents various definitions of 'enhancement', arguments for and against, and discusses the therapy/enhancement distinction. The second chapter discusses applying genetic technologies from bendh to bedside, analysing: the objections to reprogenetics grounded in 'eugenics'; and, how pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and other embryonic genetic screening techniques, as well as genetic tests sold online directly-to-the-consumer (DTC) to measure children's athletic potential raise a conflict between parental reproductive freedom and children's rights to an open future and capacity for self-determination. Chapter 3 turns to how genetic technologies are translated directly from the molecular medicine laboratory to "track & field," analysing: the scientific and regulatory context of gene enhancement, and on which basis it is classified as doping; how the International Olympic Committee and the International Association for Athletics Federation incorrectly consider hyperandrogenism an unfair advantage; and, the World Anti Doping Agency Code and its current revisions. Chapter 4 discusses enhancements in a democratic society, and addresses the neglected issue of justifying enhancement research (ER). I propose: a model in which cognitive enhancements, currently prescribed under a 'disease' model, could instead be prescribed under an 'enhancement' model; and, a possible justification for ER that translates the ethical criteria justifying clinical research to the enhancement context. I then consider possible changes society would need to implement to accommodate ER. The last chapter attempts to advance the discussion of enhancement by shifting the debate from ethics to policymaking, arguing for a deliberative democracy approach. Throughout, I adopt a casuistic approach to ethics, deploying tools from consequentialist, principled and virtue ethics. I try to break the stalemate between enhancement's proponents and opponents, and discuss the ethical permissibility of technologies in ways that could inform policymaking.
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Sandvoss, Stephan A. "Topics in the measurement of top quark events with ATLAS pixel detector optoelectronics, track impact parameter calibration, acceptance correction methods." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001425820/04.
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Coleman, Marilyn Louise. "Instruction of throwing events in track and field an historical analysis /." Thesis, 2005. http://library1.njit.edu/etd/fromwebvoyage.cfm?id=njit-etd2005-005.
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Tsai, Huei-Fang, and 蔡惠芳. "The study of track and field event ranking of national intercollegiate athletic games from 2000 to 2015." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11620597442845849051.
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碩士國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
103
The first Taiwan national collegiate athletic game (TNCAG) was organized by Taiwan Provincial Teachers College in 1952, over sixty years ago. Sport events varies with different organizer, only the athletics did not eliminate and continued to this day, also had most players among all events in the series. The purpose of this study was to investigate the medals ranking of athletics of TNCAG first and second tiers series record from 2000 to 2015 by text analysis method. Results: In Second tier, one hundred and forty-three colleges awarded, and total awards were one thousand eight hundred and thirty medals. Top 8 in Medals ranking was Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Chiao Tung University, National Cheng Kung University, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, Nan Kai University of Technology, Chang Jung Christian University and National Chung Hsing University, respectively. In First tier, twenty-night colleges awarded, and total awards were one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven medals. Top 8 in Medals ranking was National Taiwan Sport University, National Taiwan University of Sport, National Taiwan Normal University, University of Taipei, Fu Jen Catholic University, National Pingtung University, National Taipei University of Education and Chinese Culture University. Conclusion: intercollegiate athletic medals ranking effected by cultural and economics, and had an impact on college sports development and significant influence on the potential students interesting in second tier. According the first tier athletics ranking record, professional sports colleges had advantage on TNCAG. Keywords: ranking of intercollegiate athletic games, track & field event
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Pavlíková, Tereza. "Atletika v hodinách tělesné výchovy z pohledu žáků gymnázií." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353296.
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Title: Athletics in physical education from the perspective of grammar school students Aim: The aim of this thesis is to determine how grammar school students in selected regions view athletics in physical education classes and their relationship to the sport as a whole and its individual disciplines. Methods: The thesis is based on the quantitative research conducted among grammar school students of third and fourth grades in selected regions of the Czech Republic. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. Basic descriptive characteristics were identified and then processed into tables and charts. Results were verified in a manner based on the nature of the variables, using either the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric test or Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Tests were conducted at 5%, resp. 1% level of significance. Results: Athletics are perceived as negative by 40.1 % of responding students - with girls prevailing over boys in this group. The perception of athletics is mostly influenced by teachers of physical education, but also depends on the level of physical activity. Classes for the most part emphasize learning skills in various athletic disciplines, but grading still often reflects only the performance. The preferred...
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Liao, Wei-Chieh, and 廖尉傑. "Analysis Of Track and Field Athletes Retirement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20542265365456538483.
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碩士國立體育大學
體育研究所
104
Athletic career is very limited. Athletes one day must encounter to retirement eventually. The researcher myself has years of experience in athletics. Through in-depth interviews with track and field athletes and collection of relevant information and documents, the factors of their retirement are learned. The research also covered the course of education, training regiments and career planning of these track and field athletes. The results are: First, track and field athletes may do so through sports skills education, but not the final factor to consider decommissioning; secondly, to improve our athletes' lack of career planning, which led to a lack of a second expertise. So the (lack of) second expertise is an important factor in weighing upon these athletes’ retirement. When there is a career-switching opportunity relying upon their second expertise, they will seize it and alter their original career planning; finally, the lack of established professionalized track and field competitions in Taiwan causes insecurity of these athletes and eventually lead them into early retirement.
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LIN, SHIN-YING, and 林欣盈. "The Research of Kaohsiung City Track & Field Track Material and Management Situation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55859603831389371666.
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CHANG, YI-CHENG, and 張邑成. "The Study of Tactics Application of Distance Runners in Track Events." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43425014699423368260.
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碩士國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
102
The Purpose of this study was to investigate the tactical application of middle and long-distance events of 2013 Taiwan National Games and 2014 Taiwan National Collegiate Games. Methods: the split time of middle and long-distance events of elite runners’ performances in two games had been collected, to analysis personal and competitors’ characters, optimal tactics, goal setting, strategy and results discussion. Results: there were eleven and twelve athletes attempting to five events in 2013 Taiwan National Games and 2014 Taiwan National Collegiate Games, respectively. Medals record were three golds, two silvers and four browns in 2013, and three golds, three silvers and four browns in 2014. The main tactics style were leading tactics of creating personal best or getting the champion, and following tactics of rushing before the finish line. Conclusion: effects tactical application in distance events could increase winning probability and creating personal best records of elite runners.
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Baccas, Sakeena E. "Sportspersonship differences among NCAA Division III track and field athletes." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Ku, Ju-Mei, and 辜茹黴. "Sisterhood：The mentoring of female track and field coaches and athletes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72521857887215076790.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
體育學系碩士班
99
Since ancient times, the mentoring is the most widely used system when teaching technical ability in all sorts of trades. The role of the master is not only teaching professional knowledge and skill, but also in charge of apprentices’ morality. Therefore, the role of master can become a teacher, father and friend.The major objective of this research is to study the relationship between female track and field coaches and athletes. This research adopts narrative inquiry as the primary research method and uses in-depth interviewing as the main method of data collection. The participants in this research is a female track and field coaches teaching over twenty years,black coaches and her student ,hippo. The research results have shown that hippo and black coaches in some chance, set up a as well friend as well mentor of relationship. When hippo ended the identity of athlete, the mentoring relationship collapsed. However, depend on each other deep emotion ,communication and understanding, they established a sisterhood relationship. Someday every athlete will leave their coaches , someone may leave with resentment or thanksgiving. The relationship among coaches and athletes, sometimes as enemies, sometimes like a friend, sometimes like a lover, sometimes more like a family. This emotion should be difficult to forget. Development of mentoring relationship finally test the wisdom of coaches and players to each other.
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Tsai, Hsiu-Jiuan, and 蔡秀娟. "Scenario Analysis of Sports Injuries in Track and Field Athletic." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74990234785062039604.
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碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
97
Athletics is a human instinct, including running, jumping and throwing. In the course of athletics may have variety of injuries when athletes arrangements for sports training, sports and technology, the standard of sports training, sports and other environmental factors and conditions. And the type of injuries comprises four categories, for instance, type of injury, accidents, and human behavior. The aims of this research are to measure the effect of injuries in different situation. There are 136 athletics, Attended country-wide secondary schools athletic meet, took by the research as the object of the individual case for questionnaires. Data were collected through statistics analysis. The findings are as follows. Different age and educational background put emphasis on different aspects among safe protective. Different weight and length of training put emphasis on different aspects on emergency measures. In the reason of injuries, different country background put emphasis on different aspects on action and different frequency of training put emphasis on different aspects on Physiological factors.
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Kearney, Niamh. "Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/78.
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ABSTRACT
Title: Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track & Field Athletes.
Background: Energy deficiency and its consequences have long been studied in female athletes because of it’s potential for increasing risks of illness and injury. Sustaining an energy deficient diet while training and during competition may result in muscle loss and reduction in performance. Studies suggest that athletes competing in sports focusing on appearance or a lean physique are at high risk for energy deficiency. In 2014, the IOC developed the concept of ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S) to include new components not previously included in the Female Athlete Triad. A study has not yet been completed applying the RED-S paradigm in collegiate track and field athletes.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of RED-S in female collegiate track and field athletes. It was hypothesized that the majority of collegiate track and field athletes experience RED-S. It was also hypothesized that a greater percentage of distance runners experience RED-S than other track and field athletes, including throwers, jumpers, and sprinters. The components of RED-S assessed were menstrual function, bone health, and energy expenditure.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, obtaining data through the use of a questionnaire and a relative energy expenditure index on a population of 12 female collegiate track and field athletes. Data were obtained through the use of a LEAF-Q questionnaire, a three-day food and exercise recall, and body composition analysis.
Results: The 12 athletes were a combination of distance runners (n=5), throwers (n=2), and sprinters (n=5). Average subject characteristics were: age (20.6 ±1. 44 years), height (165.6 ±7.5cm), weight (63.58 ± 16.97kg), and body fat percentage (20.9± 7.2). Average energy intake over three days was 2146 kcal (±627), and the average predicted energy expenditure was 2380 kcal (±458). Average hours spent in a catabolic (52.8 ± 24.0), highly catabolic (37.5 ± 25.0), anabolic (19.2 ± 24.0), and highly anabolic state (12.4 ± 21.0). Subjects were in a negative energy balance state the majority of the days analyzed, and 75% of the population had at least one day of dietary recall below 45 kcal/kg FFM/day. Spearman’s rho analysis found a significant inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and body fat percent (p=0.024, rs= -0.643), and significant positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and fat free mass percentage (p=0.03, rs=0.625). Spearman’s rho analysis also found an inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit (s= -0.626), and a positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit and body fat percentage (p=0.026, rs=0.636). Seven out of twelve participants scored ≥ 8 on the LEAF-Q putting them at risk for RED-S.
Conclusion: The study highlights the misleading effect of averaging multiple days of dietary recall on energy balance. When participant’s dietary recalls were assessed day by day the majority of hours were spent in a catabolic state, however when the three days of the recall were averaged the severity of the hours spent in a catabolic state lessened. The associations in this study are consistent with previous studies evaluating the relationships between energy balance deficits and body composition, indicating that longer duration spent in an energy deficit is associated with lower lean and higher fat mass. The findings from the LEAF-Q show that 58% of participants were at risk for RED-S, and half of all participants had or were experiencing menstrual dysfunction.
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Franceschi, Alberto. "Monitoring training load in U20 track and field junior athletes." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9180.
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Master’s Thesis
International M.Sc. in Performance Analysis of Sport (IMPAS)The aim of this study was to investigate changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, perceptual fatigue and competition performance in junior track and field athletes during an outdoor season. To fulfil this purpose, data from six athletes (age 17.5 ± 1.7 years; height 172.6 ± 9.9cm; body mass 62.1 ± 6.4kg) were collected from both training sessions and athletics competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (week 1 to 8) and a competitive period (week 9 to 16). Training load was computed through training diaries, the countermovement jump and the repeated jump test were executed on a weekly-basis, and perceptual fatigue measures were collected using a wellness questionnaire. At the end, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify similarities and differences between the two periods. The results showed a substantial reduction in training load during the competitive phase. The countermovement jump and sleep quantity were associated with the best competition performance of the competitive season and indicated a positive development during the outdoor season. The others variables showed different patterns between athletes. This outcomes can be used as framework for implementing athlete monitoring system with young athletes involved in track and field sprint-power events.
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Jen-Hung, Huang, and 黃仁宏. "The Research of Track and Field Runway Material Evolution and Usage." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22598177318967587089.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北巿立體育學院
休閒運動管理學系碩士班
100
This study is aimed to investigate the type of track and field running track material, the application of current status and future trends. Interviews and document analysis were the methods used to discover the following findings： 1.The formation and development Of track and field runway material usage. Track and field runway surface materials was used to overcome natural factors of climate and to create a fair competition venue; its historical background factors were： Firstly, during The ancient Egyptian times in 2600 BC and The ancient Greece in 776 BC, running was a behavior to worship or to celebrate, therefore, they ran on mud. Secondly, during 146 BC Roman times to 1400 AD Renaissance movement, people were running on natural sediment and grass to exercise. Thirdly, cinder material were used during the European Industrial Revolution era, and red clay (brick clay) material were used in 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games. Finally, synthetic plastic material were used during 1968 Mexico Olympics. At the same time, International Olympic Committee designated it as the official material of the Olympic track and field runway. 2.Planning and design of track and field runway surface Synthetic track and field runway surface material can be divided into three，First, laying system for on-site polyurethane material, the surface layer is made on scene from modulation into 4 type. Full plastic, particles, composite and breathable. Second, The prefabricated membrane of synthetic rubber from the surface layer is made of factory prefabricated, emphasizing the complete reunification of the properties and thickness of surface layer. Third, Prefabricated membrane PP / PE artificial grass. The grass of the surface layer are free to adjust the length on the use of the venues so it is more diverse. 3.Current status and trends of the development of track and field runway material Currently, the use of track and field runway material can be divided into two. First, the use of PU runway surface material is now more commonly used in track and field. Second, synthetic rubber material is widely used in a variety of international track and field events. Development trends can be divided into two parts. The growing popularity of synthetic plastic track and the environmental friendly red clay. Key words：Track and field,Runway material
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Lai, Chih-Yin, and 賴志盈. "Indebted Reciprocation-The Fulfilled Faith Of A Track-and-Field Educator." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37pfz4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
體育與運動科學系
105
Abstract On the red-studded track tells the story of a track-and-field trainer at school who went from establishing a running team of only six students to leading the team in winning national track-and-field champion, and to finally stepping onto the world stage as a coach representing the country. This research focuses on Mr. Chang, Sheng-Hui, who has devoted himself to track-and-field for decades. It aims to investigate the faith and global perspective Mr. Chang holds toward this sport, and to acknowledge how he fulfills his philosophy through physical education. The author has discovered that, through interviews and close observations, Mr. Chang led his students to finding their suitable talents with his expertise, to setting new records constantly, and finally to becoming parts of the world stage. “Indebted reciprocation” is the creed of Mr. Chang that will be discussed throughout the current paper. His selfless contributions to students are seen beyond races for golds but stretch afar to the field, in which stories of joys and pains intertwine with that of insights and disciplines. Hence, the author hopes to convey, through this written study, the deep understandings of Mr. Chang’s philosophy to all on the same land.
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Araújo, Nuno Miguel Faria. "High-speed trains on ballasted railway track : dynamic stress field analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/12388.
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Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Civil (área do conhecimento em Geotecnia)The analysis of ballasted railway structures still demands many improvements towards preceding an accurate estimate of its global behavior, i.e, towards reproducing the real performance of the materials and the structure. Furthermore, in the design process, ultimate/serviceability limit states and life cycle costs should be attended. As a result, a wide range of research works are being introduced. This work contributes to the improvement of these processes throughout laboratory and numerical experiments aiming to investigate (with particular emphasis) on the dynamic stress field analysis, particularly the characteristic stress paths followed by granular elements below a typical track structure under the passage of a High-Speed Train (HST). The experimental laboratory work allowed, by means of a high-precision cyclic triaxial stress-path apparatus, the definition of the elastic domain of a foundation soil. The numerical experiments were carried out using an elastic frequency domain model and an elastoplastic time domain model, validated with in situ data obtained by vibration measurements in a HST railway line. These numerical models were used to analyze the influence of stiffness of the foundation (elastic domain) and structural layers of railway granular materials (elastic or elastoplastic domains) in the stress field, clearly showing that the stress response is a function of the selected constitutive law. Furthermore, the linear elastic assumption for the foundation soil was found to be questionable, suggesting that further investigation is required.
A análise de estruturas ferroviárias balastradas exige melhorias que a tornem capaz de reproduzir o comportamento global, i.e., que seja possível a reprodução do desempenho real dos materiais e da estrutura. Além disso, no processo de dimensionamento, os estados limite de utilização/últimos e os custos de manutenção devem ser considerados. Como resultado, uma ampla gama de trabalhos de investigação está actualmente em curso. Este estudo contribui para a melhoria destes processos, através de experiências laboratoriais e numéricas que focam com particular ênfase o campo dinâmico de tensões induzido nas camadas granulares das estruturas ferroviárias, quando submetidas à passagem de um comboio de alta velocidade. O trabalho experimental laboratorial permitiu, por meio de um sistema triaxial cíclico de precisão capaz de aplicar qualquer trajectória de tensões, a definição do domínio elástico de um solo de fundação. Os trabalhos experimentais numéricos foram realizados utilizando um modelo elástico no domínio da frequência e um modelo elasto-plástico no domínio do tempo, validados com medições in situ de vibrações numa linha ferroviária de alta velocidade. Estes modelos numéricos foram usados para analisar a influência da rigidez da fundação (domínio elástico) e das camadas granulares estruturais da via ferroviária (domínios elástico ou elasto-plástico) no campo de tensões, mostrando claramente que a resposta é função da lei constitutiva seleccionada. Além disso, a assumpção de comportamento elástico linear para o solo de fundação é questionável, requerendo-se investigação adicional.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCI/ECM/1114/2004
Gabinete de Relações Internacionais da Ciência e do Ensino Superior - GRICES/CNRS
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CHUNG, CHEN-KANG, and 鍾振綱. "Analysis of curve sprinting in Junior High School track and field." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44039265574759106695.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
103
The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of 60-meter sprinting on the curve by using the high-speed camera as part of measurement tools. The study will provide resources for assisting teachers and coaches in their teaching and training. Ten students participated in the research study: five seventh graders and five eighth graders (average age is 11.26). The research has two aims: to understand students’ cumulative time, number of steps, stride rate, stride length and the variation of running speed, and also to analyze the impact of each condition and to discuss the methods for improving running techniques. The results of the study are: 1. During the 60-meter run, the average of cumulative time was 10.51 seconds and the average steps were 38.5 steps. 2. According to step frequency, the fastest stride rate was 3.74 seconds during the segment of 20-30m for eighth grade students; as for seventh grade students, the fastest stride rate was 3.75seconds during the segment of 20-30 meters and 30-40meters. 3. During 30-40 meters and 50-60 meters, the longest stride length of seventh grade students was about 1.62 meters and 1.71 meters for eighth grade students.
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Angelo, Shalea K. "Differences in perceived athletic competence between male and female collegiate distance runners, middle distance runners, and sprinters." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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