Relevant bibliographies by topics / Track one track to diplomacy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Track one track to diplomacy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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Gürkaynak, C. Esra Çuhadar. "Track Two Diplomacy from a Track One Perspective: Comparing the Perceptions of Turkish and American Diplomats." International Negotiation 12, no. 1 (2007): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234007x191911.

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AbstractAlthough it is often implicitly assumed by track two practitioners that track two efforts are complementary to official negotiations and are welcomed by official actors, little is known about the actual perceptions of these efforts by official parties, especially in the context of non-Western countries. Turkey, as one of these countries, was exposed to numerous track two efforts in the last decade. A survey of Turkish diplomats was conducted to explore how interventions by American- and European-based track two actors are perceived by the track one community in a developing and non-Western country. The Turkish diplomats' perceptions are organized around four categories: who are the track two actors, contributions of track two diplomacy, problems caused by track two diplomacy, and ideas concerning track two-track one cooperation. Then, the perceptions of Turkish and American diplomats are compared to assess whether their perceptions of track two diplomacy differ and, if so, in what particular ways they differ. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and ideas for future research proposed.
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Arthur, Paul. "Negotiating the Northern Ireland Problem: Track One or Track Two Diplomacy?" Government and Opposition 25, no. 4 (1990): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00393.x.

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THE RECENT POLITICAL HISTORY OF NORTHERN IRELAND HAS been punctuated by arrivals and departures as successive secretaries of state have attempted to impose their personalities on an intractable problem through a series of (failed) initiatives. The latest exercise has been under way since the beginning of 1990 and is closely identified with the diplomatic skills exerted by the present Secretary of State, Mr Peter Brooke. In what has been described as ‘potentially the most significant political discussions in all of Ireland since the treaty of 1921’, Mr Brooke has embarked on a voyage which could transcend in importance the Anglo-Irish Agreement of November 1985. The purpose of this article is to put that voyage into some sort of context by suggesting that rather than concentrate solely on the ‘high’ politics of political negotiation, attention needs to be paid to the mechanisms which allow negotiations to proceed. For that reason we will look at the relative merits — and the complementarity — of ‘Track One’ and ‘Track Two’ diplomacy.
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Putri, Sherly Mega, and Elisabeth Adyiningtyas Satya Dewi. "Eliminating Violence against Women in Pacific through Multi-Track Diplomacy." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 2 (2018): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i2.2986.203-215.

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Humanitarian issue that often raised as a problem for developing countries, is often likely linked to gender issue. Having labeled as a region with the highest violence data prevalence, Pacific Islands countries possess assorted factors that tolerates the practice of gender dominance and discrimination amongst their societies. Responding this phenomenon, the governments in Pacific Islands countries are oftentimes receiving assistance from other international relations actors, in which one of them is UN Women. With the support from Australian government, this UN body assist numerous institutions from various level in making the effort to eliminate violence against women as the most protrude form of gender based discrimination in Pacific. Involvement of other parties from diverse groups indicates the relations between actors of Multi-Track Diplomacy with the program initiated by UN Women. Using theory of Multi-Track Diplomacy and concept of Gender-Based Violence, this research identifies the participation and contribution made by a total of nine tracks in responding to violence against women issue in the Pacific. Such response itself is one of the world peace endeavors, which is also the ultimate purpose of Multi-Track Diplomacy. Result of this response shaped in their participation and contribution within variety of programs under Pacific Fund. Keywords: Pacific, gender equality, foreign aids, Multi-Track Diplomacy, peacemaking.
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Troy, Jodok. "Faith-Based Diplomacy under Examination." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3, no. 3 (2008): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119108x378088.

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AbstractReligion has been largely absent in diplomacy, particularly in the Western world, for a long time. Some would even say since the Enlightenment. Moreover, religion has been ignored in present-day theories of international relations, and thus also in diplomatic studies. A recent 'resurgence' of religion in international affairs, however, presents an opportunity to apply moral insights and religious concepts towards the development of peaceful settlements of conflicts through diplomatic techniques. The approach of faith-based diplomatic approaches may infuse those insights into today's political reality, thereby incorporating important initiatives, such as reconciliation and forgiveness, into conflict resolution.This article examines the concept of faith-based diplomacy as declared track-two diplomacy in the context of classical track-one diplomacy. It starts with a brief overview of political science research of track-one and track-two diplomacy. Additional focus is applied to the principles and practices of Christian faith traditions and their potential contributions to peace-building. Finally, the article also evaluates the 'spiritual roots' of diplomacy. It assesses how 'diplomatic theory and practice can be informed and enriched by experimenting with spirituality'. The success of faith-based diplomacy lies in its insights and applications of religious values and methods. But it is also its realistic approach that makes faith-based diplomacy a promising, needed and additional style of diplomacy even though it cannot be properly located within either track-one or track-two diplomacy.
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Fisher, Ronald. "Coordination Between Track Two and Track One Diplomacy in Successful Cases of Prenegotiation." International Negotiation 11, no. 1 (2006): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180606777835775.

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AbstractAn important form of coordination between track one and track two diplomacy revolves around unofficial problem-solving workshops at the level of politically influential individuals that make contributions to the process and outcomes of official negotiations. These contributions typically occur during the prenegotiation phase through the opening up of communication, the improvement of attitudes, the analysis of conflict issues and dynamics, the development of frameworks, the creation of options directed toward resolution, and so on. In order for these effects to be maximally beneficial, coordination between unofficial and official interventions is essential. This study describes connections between track two and track one peacemakers through a comparative analysis of four successful instances where workshops made important prenegotiation and paranegotiation contributions to the official peace processes. The analysis finds that such coordination was limited mainly to information sharing and indirect sequencing of efforts, and that in only one case did it involve the more engaging activities of joint strategy planning and collaboration in implementation. The article concludes that there are inherent limitations to coordination between track one and track two, given their unique and independent roles, but that both domains are evidencing more acceptance and respect for the other, which augurs well for the field of conflict resolution in terms of coordination toward greater effectiveness.
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Jones, Peter. "Track Two Diplomacy: The Way Forward." International Negotiation 26, no. 1 (2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-bja10022.

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Abstract The articles in this issue present a wide range of findings. First, the field continues to grapple with definitional issues: different types of projects aimed at different outcomes and audiences. More care needs to be given by each dialogue to define rigorously what it is trying to do and why. Second, fundamental lessons have emerged over the past six decades, which must be learned and observed by those active in this field, even as they seek to push the boundaries of theory and practice. Third, while it is generally agreed that the field must become more inclusive, both in terms of people and interests, and also in terms of encouraging local ownership and more transformative projects, a one-size-fits-all approach will not work; each dialogue should be viewed as unique. Finally, the field is a dynamic and evolving one. What seems to be best practice today may not be so tomorrow.
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Karki, Neeru. "Tourism: A Tool for Track-two Diplomacy in Promoting People-to-People Relations Between Nepal and China." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 3, no. 1 (2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v3i1.27529.

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This paper is a treatise on how citizen diplomacy between Nepal and China could be leveraged by adapting tourism industry as a track two intermediary sector. Believing that the apparent insufficiencies and repudiation created during inter-governmental deliberation through track-one diplomacy could be enhanced through track-two diplomacy as an effective measure, this paper attempts to recognize the role of tourism industry in establishing alternative political channel of communication which pulls the cooperation of track one decision-making that benefits people of Nepal and China. Both nations can draw strength from the diversity that prevails irrespective of uneven size, power potential, historical complexes and different speed in the development. This paper also tries to address the gap in the academic arguments regarding the conceptualization, essence, and practicability of citizen diplomacy in foreign policy processes and explores multiple micro-level themes and actors enhancing citizen diplomacy through the tourism industry in the context of Nepal-China relationships. Based on the aforementioned scene, the researcher situates the experience as an exchange fellow student, vis-à-vis tourism and the peace-through-tourism idea and mention ways of people-to-people engagement for multiple stakeholders.
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Dipua, Angkasa, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, and Dikry Rizanny Nurdiansyah. "ANALYSIS OF DEFENSE STRATEGY POLICIES IN DEALING WITH THE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CONFLICT." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 7, no. 1 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v7i1.860.

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<p>Several countries have implemented the diplomacy model using second-track diplomacy in solving various problems. With the dynamics of global, regional, and national strategic environmental conditions, the second track diplomacy model is a step that is considered to be effective and efficient in finding solutions to every problem between countries. The Indonesian Navy, which, according to Kent Booth, has one of its functions in carrying out diplomacy, has carried out several diplomatic steps. As an archipelago that has land and sea borders with ten neighboring countries, prioritizing this second track diplomacy model is necessary. The purpose of this study is to find a marine defense strategy in dealing with the potential impacts of the conflict that occurred in the South China Sea. Considering the vast territory of Indonesia's territorial sea, a method of sea defense strategies can apply this diplomacy model. This study uses a literature study by gathering various information from various sources, then the theory used in conducting discussions and analysis with the theory of Barry Buzan. This study concludes an input and recommendations for policymakers to prioritize second-track diplomacy in solving various existing problems, especially in Indonesia's sea border region with neighboring countries.</p>
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Panikkar, Bindu, Asim Zia, Susan Sgorbati, et al. "Transboundary Water Governance in the Kabul River Basin: Implementing Environmental and Public Diplomacy Between Pakistan and Afghanistan." Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, no. 1 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-80.

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This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between members of civil society from Afghanistan and Pakistan on water cooperation in the Kabul River Basin, one of the most heavily conflicted transboundary river basins in the world. Lack of trust among these upstream and downstream riparian partners and persistent failures of Track 1 diplomacy initiatives has led to an absence of governance mechanisms for mitigating the water security concerns in the region. This research shows that science and public diplomacy, democratic participation, and social learning may pave a way to clear local misconceptions, improve transboundary water cooperation, and increase ecological stewardship in the Kabul River Basin.
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Schiff, Amira. "“Quasi Track-One” Diplomacy: An Analysis of the Geneva Process in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict1." International Studies Perspectives 11, no. 2 (2010): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2010.00396.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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Mwanika, Philip Arthur Njuguna. "Track-one diplomacy and post-conflict reconstruction : Kenya's mediation of Somali conflict and strategic intervention avenues." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020628.

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This study focuses on the Kenyan mediation of the Somali conflict and strategic intervention engagement between 2002 and 2012. The core aim of the study was to establish and evaluate the role and effects of track-one diplomacy on conflict management and post-conflict reconstruction as pertains to the Somali conflict and on the basis of the Kenyan experience. A qualitative approach was followed in this study. It employed a descriptive, explanatory and analytical case-study method. The data were collected through interviews and documentary analysis. The twenty-two participants in the study were drawn from the Kenyan Foreign Ministry, the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons (RECSA), the International Peace Support Training Centre (IPSTC), the East African Standby Force Co-ordination Mechanism (EASFCOM), the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), the United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS), the African Peace Forum Organization (APFO), and selected respondents representing the Somali people. The documents comprised policy treatises, protocols, treaties, and communiqués highlighting the actions of the Kenyan government and other track-one actors in the Somali peace endeavour. Other scholarly research on official diplomacy, soft-power and conflict management by small States – in particular African case studies – were also utilised. The study revealed that Kenya’s diplomatic and stabilisation efforts had their own dynamics and challenges. This is especially so with regard to the preferred policy option of exercising diplomacy that utilises soft-power resources. This diplomacy had to contend with the challenges of dealing with sensitive aspects of the process. These sensitive aspects involved a recognition of and complicated engagement with the Somali conflict-constituencies, and a complex mapping of various actors and their respective interests. Contrary to the expected outcomes, interests and issues 17 proliferated, and the original peace-making agenda was consistently slowed down and complicated. The study also revealed that Kenya ought to have exercised a non-directive role in dealing with the different Somali conflict players. This role provides that such an “interested mediator” ought to exercise some considerable influence over the mediation environment. It also emerged from the study that as pertains to the current peace-making developments in Somalia that began in 2005 onwards to 2012, it is important that different intermediary co-operative roles be recognized and utilised. Towards this end, the study recommends that Kenya’s diplomacy should adopt a strategy of co-operation with those regional regimes that it helped to establish. A case in reference is the diplomatic opportunity of utilising regional arms control and disarmament diplomacy. This is Kenya’s intermediary co-operative role with RECSA, which is mandated to support arms control and disarmament implementation efforts in the East African region. The study also recommends that strategic foreign policy and regional actions by Kenya should be taken up given its new lease of engagement, noting that it was officially integrated into AMISOM in 2012. The study posited that in the ongoing engagement environment there would be a ‘revisiting’ of the experiences and complexities of the first phase of engagement (2002-2004). It is, therefore, recommended that Kenya should seize this opportunity and continue with its ‘facilitative and enabling role’ in its peace diplomacy, while utilising the lessons learnt in past engagements.
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Mapendere, Jeffrey. "Defining Track One and a Half Diplomacy, its complementarity and the analysis of factors that facilitate its success." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64769.pdf.

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Cone, Cornelia. "An analysis of the economic dimension of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo with recommendations for track one diplomacy." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292008-140416.

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Coady, Allison Marie. "Examining the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy towards Zimbabwe, 2000-2009." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25681.

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The recent political conflict in Zimbabwe has attracted the attention of policymakers, academics and the media alike in the neighbouring countries of the region, across the African continent and internationally. While the story of an ageing African liberation hero turned dictator who, through autocratic rule, has governed his country and his people to the ground in order to maintain power is captivating, a key element of the fascination is the critical diplomatic role played by South Africa from 2000 onward. Foreign policy in post-apartheid South Africa on paper is driven by human rights and democracy, conflict prevention and conflict resolution through peaceful means, and the promotion of African interests in world affairs. However, after observing South Africa’s involvement in the Zimbabwe conflict between 2000 and 2009, South Africa’s foreign policy appears to be propelled more by African solidarity and sovereignty, anti-imperialism, and a softer interpretation of preventive diplomacy than its international counterparts. Thabo Mbeki’s preventive diplomacy toward Zimbabwe during his presidency was slow to produce results, lacked transparency and frustrated many, yet, when examined under a preventive diplomacy theoretical lens, Mbeki’s policy did eventually garner success through the signing of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) and the formation of an inclusive government in Zimbabwe. This dissertation examines the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy toward Zimbabwe under Mbeki’s leadership and determines the point at which South Africa switched from an approach of preventive diplomacy to one of conflict resolution and conflict management. The concept of ‘preventive diplomacy’ is often focused on government-to-government relations or the high level diplomacy of intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (UN). Multi-track diplomacy expands on this traditional interpretation and considers the preventive diplomacy contributions of a variety of non-state actors to the practice of conflict prevention. This dissertation uniquely moulds the preventive diplomacy theoretical framework of Michael Lund with Kumar Rupesinghe’s concept of multi-track diplomacy to form a more comprehensive illustration of the role of preventive diplomacy in the approach of multiple actors towards the Zimbabwe conflict. The more inclusive preventive diplomacy theoretical framework is then applied to the conflict in Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2009. Through the application of a preventive diplomacy framework which incorporates the concept of multi-track diplomacy it is then possible to observe the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach toward Zimbabwe first between 2000 and 2007 and then as mandated by SADC between 2007 and 2009 and finally compare it with the diplomacy of multi-track actors such as the UN, Zimbabwe-based and South African-based civil society organizations, the Zimbabwean Diaspora, religious groups, and financial institutions. The examination of the larger role of preventive diplomacy in the Zimbabwe conflict situation leads to the understanding that each diplomatic effort is interlinked. Therefore the culminating event of the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach in the Global Political Agreement could not have been achieved without the preventive diplomacy efforts of a multitude of actors who were also committed to preventing violence and finding a lasting solution to the conflict in Zimbabwe.<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Political Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Rid, Saeed A. "Interactive People to People Contacts between India and Pakistan: A case study of Pakistan India Peoples’ Forum for Peace and Democracy (PIPFPD) and Aman ki Asha." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7314.

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This research develops a new concept for people-to-people contacts, formulates a theoretical model to assess the impact of people-to-people contacts on peacebuilding, and draws theoretical modifications and explanations in the model on the basis of its empirical application on India-Pakistan conflict and Northern Ireland conflict. The new concept of interactive people-to-people contacts (IPPC) is developed and it is differentiated from the similar concepts in peace theory. Then ontological and epistemological foundations of IPPC are determined and the roots of IPPC in peace and conflict theories are traced. To empirically assess the role played by IPPC in building peace, the web approach model is developed from Lederach’s “pyramid” of peacebuilding as formulated in Building Peace (1997) and later improved in The Moral Imagination (2005). The web approach model is applied on Northern Ireland conflict to empirically test the web approach model and make improvements in the model learning from the practice of IPPC in Northern Ireland conflcit. Then web approach model is applied on two selected case studies of PIPFPD and Aman ki Asha to empirically asses the role played by IPPC in building peace between India and Pakistan. The web approach model is used to determine the stage/frame of the web process where IPPC based peacebuilding have reached so far in India-Pakistan conflict. Moreover, theoretical modifications in web approach model are drawn learning from the selected case studies and an attempt is made to find out a way forward for IPPC based peacebuilding in India-Pakistan conflict.<br>Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in UK
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Cuhadar, Cerag Esra Rubinstein Robert A. "Evaluating track-two diplomacy in pre-negotiation a comparative assessment of track-two initiatives on water and Jerusalem in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Rid, Saeed Ahmed. "Interactive people to people contacts between India and Pakistan : a case study of Pakistan India People's Forum for Peace and Democracy (PIPFPD) and Aman ki Asha." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7314.

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This research develops a new concept for people-to-people contacts, formulates a theoretical model to assess the impact of people-to-people contacts on peacebuilding, and draws theoretical modifications and explanations in the model on the basis of its empirical application on India-Pakistan conflict and Northern Ireland conflict. The new concept of interactive people-to-people contacts (IPPC) is developed and it is differentiated from the similar concepts in peace theory. Then ontological and epistemological foundations of IPPC are determined and the roots of IPPC in peace and conflict theories are traced. To empirically assess the role played by IPPC in building peace, the web approach model is developed from Lederach’s “pyramid” of peacebuilding as formulated in Building Peace (1997) and later improved in The Moral Imagination (2005). The web approach model is applied on Northern Ireland conflict to empirically test the web approach model and make improvements in the model learning from the practice of IPPC in Northern Ireland conflcit. Then web approach model is applied on two selected case studies of PIPFPD and Aman ki Asha to empirically asses the role played by IPPC in building peace between India and Pakistan. The web approach model is used to determine the stage/frame of the web process where IPPC based peacebuilding have reached so far in India-Pakistan conflict. Moreover, theoretical modifications in web approach model are drawn learning from the selected case studies and an attempt is made to find out a way forward for IPPC based peacebuilding in India-Pakistan conflict.
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Yoon, Seock-Jun. "Europe in the North Korean crisis (1995-2009) : a multi-track diplomacy approach." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0009.

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Cette thèse vise à explorer le rôle de l'Europe dans la crise nord-coréenne dans la période allant de 1995 à 2009. Nous postulons que le rôle de l'Europe dans cette crise a été sous-évalué dans les recherches précédentes, principalement en raison de leur approche traditionnelle, privilégiant une perspective réaliste et étato-centrique. Dans cette thèse, le terme d’«Europe» est utilisé dans un sens opérationnel et se réfère à un ensemble d’acteurs européens comprenant non seulement l’UE et ses États membres, mais aussi les Etats européens non membres de l'UE et les acteurs non étatiques européens. Par ailleurs, nous proposons un nouveau cadre d'analyse – la diplomatie européenne à voies multiples –, afin de réexaminer le rôle de l'Europe dans cette crise. Dans ce cadre, nous tentons de déterminer si la «multiplicité» des acteurs européens est un avantage comparatif dans sa tentative de contribuer à la résolution de cette crise. A cette fin, nous procédons à une analyse qualitative composée de deux sous-études de cas. La première consiste à étudier le rôle de l'Europe dans la crise nucléaire nord-coréenne, tandis que la deuxième examine son rôle dans la crise humanitaire nord-coréenne. Cette analyse permet de conclure que la diplomatie à voies multiples, fondée sur la multiplicité des acteurs européens, a permis à l'Europe d'influencer la crise nord-coréenne. Les différentes formes d'interactions et de relations entre des acteurs européens, en particulier entre les acteurs officiels et officieux, dans les crises nucléaire et humanitaire nord-coréennes, entrent en corrélation avec les résultats variables de l'influence européenne dans la résolution de ces deux crises<br>This thesis aims at exploring the role of Europe in the North Korean crisis during the period from 1995 to 2009. We posit that the undervalued profile of Europe in this crisis in the previous research is mainly due to the realist, state-centred and EU-centred bias of mainstream research, overlooking the overall role of multiple European actors. While the term ‘Europe’ in this thesis is operationalized to refer to a set of multiple European actors, including not only the EU and the EU Member States but also the non-EU European states and the European NSAs, we propose a new analytical framework – European Multi-Track diplomacy – to re-examine the role of Europe in this crisis. Within this framework, we investigate whether the ‘multiplicity’ of European actors, as a distinguishing feature from other international actors in this crisis, is a comparative advantage for Europe to influence this crisis by raising three research sub-questions concerning actors, relationships and influence. For this, a qualitative case study, divided into two sub-cases in a case-within-a case approach is conducted as follows: Europe in the North Korean nuclear crisis; Europe in the North Korean humanitarian crisis. The conclusion drawn from these two sub-case studies is that the European Multi-Track diplomacy based on the multiplicity of European actors made it possible for Europe to influence the North Korean crisis. The different ways of interactions and relationships among multiple European actors, particularly between Track One and Track Two actors, in the North Korean nuclear and humanitarian crises are correlated with the different results of European influence to these two crises
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Reed, Elicia Keren. "Track I Diplomacy and Civil Society in Cyprus: Reconciliation and Peacebuilding During Negotiations." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/672.

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This paper examines the relationship between Track I Diplomacy and Civil Society in Cyprus. Cyprus has been a divided island for over 45 years despite numerous attempts at reconciliation on the societal level and ongoing negotiations on the diplomatic level. It was the aim of this study to examine the ways in which both civil societies and their leaders do or have worked together, if at all, to negotiate a political solution or reconciliation between the two communities. Interviews were conducted on both sides of the cultural divide and within both political and civil society sectors. Those interviews were coded, categorized, and then thematically analyzed. Findings explicate three themes that challenge the relationship and cooperation between Track I and Track II; Structural Elements, Nationalism, and International Support. Furthermore, it is proposed that the leaders must lead and support their citizens in reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts while continuing to negotiate a solution to the Cyprus problem as civil society organizations continue to support negotiation efforts.
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De, Carvalho Vanessa Roque. "A critical descriptive analysis of the role of track I and track II diplomatic interventions: the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo (1998-2002)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4317.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The climate of the Great Lakes Region fostered desperate sources of insecurity which fed each other in a conflict-system which was also largely fuelled by the surrounding war economy. Consequently, the focus of this study was narrowed to providing only a descriptive analysis of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s peace processes of 1998-2002. Subsequently, the surrounding climate served to aggravate the DRC’s ethnic cleavages and the conflict grew so complex that the issues could no longer be clearly divided. The motivation for conducting a study of this nature was that amidst the twenty-three failed attempts for peace, the conflict persisted with no signs of abating, which suggests that a historical and discourse analysis of the peace processes is justified. This study found that during these peace processes, far greater prominence was given to Track I diplomacy than to the unofficial Track II diplomacy. This was due to various limitations that existed. This distinction is fundamental because even though unofficial diplomacy has a different function to official diplomacy, their values are equal and more effective in a peace process when there is a collaborative effort between the two. This is called a Multi-Track approach (Diamond and McDonald, 1996). Thus this study proposes that by giving Track II diplomacy a greater prominence in a peace process, the Multi-Track approach would be fully utilized. It suggests that governmental, informal, and unofficial contact in civil society is fundamental in trust-building between parties in negotiation. Overall, there is value in providing a critical descriptive analysis of both Track I and Track II diplomatic initiatives that were undertaken during the 1998-2002 peace process, in order to expose the shortcomings. In doing so, this study presents the Multi-Track approach in order to emphasize its potential efficacy in addressing similar future cases of intractable conflict.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die omstandighede in die Groot Merestreek het onsekerheid gekweek, wat mekaar versterk het in die konteks van ’n konflik-sisteem wat ook deur die omliggende oorlog-ekonomie aangevuur was. Gevolglik is hierdie studie se fokus beperk tot ‘n beskrywende analise van die vredesprosesse wat tydens 1998-2002 op die tweede rebellie in die Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo gevolg het. Die omstandighede in die omliggende omgewing het die DRK se etniese splitsings vererger, en die konflik het so kompleks geword dat daar nie meer duidelik tussen die verskillende geskilpunte onderskei kon word nie. Die motivering vir hierdie studie is dat daar te midde van die drie-en-twintig mislukte vredespogings geen teken was dat die konflik aan die afneem was nie, wat suggereer dat ’n historiese diskoers analise van die vredesproses geregverdig is. Hierdie studie het gevind dat daar gedurende hierdie vredesprosesse ’n veel meer prominente rol aan die amptelike Track I-diplomasie as aan die nie-amptelike Track II-diplomasie toegeken was, as gevolg van verskeie beperkinge wat bestaan het. Hierdie onderskeid is van kardinale belang; ten spyte van die feit dat nie-amptelike diplomasie ’n ander funksie as amptelike diplomasie vervul, dra dit ewe veel waarde en behoort vredesprosesse waar daar samewerking tussen die twee inisiatiewe plaasvind dus meer effektief te wees. Hierdie redenasie word ’n Multi-Track benadering genoem. Hierdie studie stel voor dat die Multi- Track benadering meer effektief geïmplementeer kan word deurdat daar aan Track IIdiplomasie ’n meer prominente rol in die vredesproses toegeken word; dit stel dus ook voor dat regeringskontak, informele en nie-amptelike kontak tussen gewone burgers van kardinale belang in die bou van vetroue tussen bemiddelingspartye is. Daar lê dus waarde daarin om ’n krities-beskrywende analise van beide Track I- en Track II inisiatiewe wat tydens die 1998-2002 vredesprosesse onderneem is weer te gee, ten einde die tekortkominge daarvan uit te wys. Op hierdie manier hou hierdie studie die Multi-Track benadering voor om uiteindelik die potensiële bruikbaarheid van hierdie benadering in soortgelyke toekomstige gevalle van konflik te beklemtoon.
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Books on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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O'Brien, Beatrice. One track. Mozart Park Press, 1995.

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Najem, Tom, Michael J. Molloy, Michael Bell, and John Bell, eds. Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231.

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Wells, Zachariah. Track & trace. Biblioasis, 2009.

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Wells, Zachariah. Track & Trace. Biblioasis, 2009.

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Warning track. Turtle Point Press, 2004.

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Rupesinghe, Kumar. The general principles of multi-track diplomacy. ACCORD, 1997.

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W, McDonald John. Guidelines for newcomers to track two diplomacy. Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy, 1993.

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Clements, Kevin P. Dialogue, multi-track diplomacy, and conflict transformation. Women in Security, Conflict Management, and Peace, Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 2005.

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1922-, McDonald John W., ed. Multi-track diplomacy: A systems approach to peace. 3rd ed. Kumarian Press, 1996.

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Ḥusayn, Āghā, and Feldman Shai 1950-, eds. Track-II diplomacy: Lessons from the Middle East. MIT Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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Burton, John, and Frank Dukes. "Track Two Diplomacy." In Conflict: Practices in Management, Settlement and Resolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21005-3_16.

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Berlinquette, Roy, John de Chastelain, and Arthur Hughes. "The Jerusalem Old City Initiative Security Assessment." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-10.

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Jones, Peter. "Track Two diplomacy and the JOCI project." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-2.

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Cameron, David. "The Jerusalem Old City Initiative." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-3.

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Najem, Tom, and Giovanna Roma. "The Jerusalem Old City Initiative and the transfer process." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-4.

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Klein, Menachem. "Negotiating Jerusalem." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-5.

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Klein, Menachem. "Negotiating Jerusalem." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-6.

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Bell, Michael, Michael J. Molloy, John Bell, and Marketa Evans. "The Jerusalem Old City Initiative Discussion Document." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-7.

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Cameron, David, Arthur Hughes, Michael Bell, Michael J. Molloy, and John Bell. "Mandate elements for the Old City Special Regime." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-8.

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Molloy, Michael J., Michael Bell, and John Bell. "Governance Discussion Document." In Track Two Diplomacy and Jerusalem. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619231-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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Santoso, Rizal Budi, Aelina Surya, Windy Dermawan, and Taufik Hidayat. "China’s Public Diplomacy in Taiwan." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business, Economic, Social Science, and Humanities – Humanities and Social Sciences Track (ICOBEST-HSS 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200108.011.

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"Indonesias Multi-track Diplomacy toward Palestine: Indonesian Societys Supports for Palestinian in the Social, Education, and Cultural Aspects." In 6th International Conference on Trends in Social Sciences and Humanities. Emirates Research Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.ea1216228.

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MCKNIGHT, DARREN. "Track two diplomacy - An international framework for controlling orbital debris." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3896.

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Wiktorski, Ekaterina, Thorbjorn Kaland, and Mesfin Belayneh. "Shoe Track Drillout Analysis: Factors Affecting Drilling Efficiency." In SPE Bergen One Day Seminar. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180011-ms.

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Pascazio, Vito, Gilda Schirinzi, and Alfonso Farina. "Along-track interferometry by one-bit-coded SAR signals." In Europto Remote Sensing, edited by Francesco Posa and Luciano Guerriero. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.410666.

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Burnton, Peter, and Citra Wicaksana. "Kaimai Tunnel track slab assessment." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0545.

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&lt;p&gt;Kaimai Tunnel is an 8.5km long KiwiRail tunnel on one of the busiest freight rail lines in NZ North Island. The concrete base slab that supports the track slab in the drill and blast section of the tunnel was cast on a fill layer rather than country rock. The fill layer has in places been washed out over time leaving voids under the base slab resulting in local track slab failures. Previous studies by others recommended major interventions or complete replacement of the track slab for the full tunnel length. This was considered impractical by KiwiRail due to the disruption to the network.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first phase of the Arup study concluded that the trackslab could be retained subject to manageable remedial actions. A key component of this study was the interpretation that the existing paved concrete track (PaCT) and base slabs are acting as an unreinforced concrete element spanning between the side drains. Understanding the risk associated with this unintended and unusual structural form was critical in the development of the agreed remedial works. Concrete fatigue was one of the important factors investigated.&lt;/p&gt;
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"Track One: Computer Vision with Associated Theme: Machine Vision Applications." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334443.

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Hancock, E., M. Brady, and Y. Ohta. "Track One: computer Vision With Associated Theme: Machine Vision Applications." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1333680.

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"Track One: Computer Vision with Associated Theme: Machine Vision Applications." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1333954.

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"Track one: computer vision with associated theme: machine vision applications." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1333977.

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Reports on the topic "Track one track to diplomacy"

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Reed, Elicia. Track I Diplomacy and Civil Society in Cyprus: Reconciliation and Peacebuilding During Negotiations. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.672.

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O'Sullivan, P. B., R. A. Donelick, K. G. Osadetz, et al. Apatite fission-track data from seventy-one Bowser and Sustut basin rock samples. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220355.

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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.

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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.
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Dubeck, Margaret M., Jonathan M. B. Stern, and Rehemah Nabacwa. Learning to Read in a Local Language in Uganda: Creating Learner Profiles to Track Progress and Guide Instruction Using Early Grade Reading Assessment Results. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0068.2106.

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The Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) is used to evaluate studies and monitor projects that address reading skills in low- and middle-income countries. Results are often described solely in terms of a passage-reading subtask, thereby overlooking progress in related skills. Using archival data of cohort samples from Uganda at two time points in three languages (Ganda, Lango, and Runyankore-Rukiga), we explored a methodology that uses passage-reading results to create five learner profiles: Nonreader, Beginner, Instructional, Fluent, and Next-Level Ready. We compared learner profiles with results on other subtasks to identify the skills students would need to develop to progress from one profile to another. We then used regression models to determine whether students’ learner profiles were related to their results on the various subtasks. We found membership in four categories. We also found a shift in the distribution of learner profiles from Grade 1 to Grade 4, which is useful for establishing program effectiveness. The distribution of profiles within grades expanded as students progressed through the early elementary grades. We recommend that those who are discussing EGRA results describe students by profiles and by the numbers that shift from one profile to another over time. Doing so would help describe abilities and instructional needs and would show changes in a meaningful way.
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Nelson, Margot, Michael Antonioni, Vincent Santucci, and Justin Tweet. Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287217.

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Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.
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Montefusco, Maria, and Kai Koivumäki. Nordic indicators for cooperation on disability – Monitoring the implementation of UNCRPD and Agenda 2030. Edited by Christina Lindström. Nordens välfärdscenter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52746/ovbi5427.

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No person with a disability shall be left behind. This report presents suggested indicators for monitoring the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability and Agenda 2030 in the Nordic region. The vision of the Nordic cooperation is to become the most integrated and sustainable in the world by 2030. The vision mirrors the sustainable development goals of Agenda 2030, according to which no-one shall be left behind. Persons with disabilities have the right to inclusion, and the Nordic countries monitor the developments of living conditions for persons with disabilities. All countries have also ratified the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and have high ambitions with regard to Agenda 2030. Throughout the region we face similar challenges concerning inclusion. Participation is not equal, not in employment, nor in education, economy, or health. But to improve this we need to see it. Even if a set of indicators is not the only way forward, they can help us measure if we are on the right track. In this report, we suggest a set of indicators that could be developed further and used to follow the developments towards inclusion and measure living conditions. By developing such a set of comparable indicators in the Nordic countries, we can see whether the countries separately and collectively follow the intentions of the UNCRPD to improve the living conditions of people with disabilities. The indicators are also an aid in the work to identify whether we are working correctly to achieve the Agenda 2030 targets.
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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.

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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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Federal Information Processing Standards Publication: information processing - data interchange on 130 mm (5.25 in) flexible disk cartridges using two-frequency recording a 7958 ftprad, 1.9 tpmm (48 tpi), one one side - part 2: track format. National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.fips.116-apr1985.

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Federal Information Processing Standards Publication: 200 mm (8 in) flexible disk cartridge track format using two-frequency recording at 6641 bprad on one side - 1.9 tpmm (48 tpi) for information interchange. National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.fips.114-sep1985.

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Federal Information Processing Standards Publication: 200 mm (8 in) flexible disk cartridge track format using two-frequency recording at 6641 bprad on one side - 1.9 tpmm (48 tpi) for information interchange. National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.fips.115-sep1985.

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