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Meister, Julio César. "Tracker Physics : objetos em movimento e registros de representação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150248.
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Esta pesquisa traz um estudo sobre a construção inicial dos conceitos de limites e taxa de variação, com alunos do segundo ano do Ensino Médio da Escola Antônio de Castro Alves. Como metodologia utilizamos a perspectiva do Estudo de Caso (PONTE, 2006). O trabalho propõe a utilização do software Tracker Physics, que possibilita a análise de objetos em movimento gravados por vídeo a partir de diferentes registros gerados pelo software, tais como gráficos, tabelas e registros algébricos. Com o uso deste software e da teoria de Duval, procuramos responder à seguinte pergunta norteadora: como os alunos do Ensino Médio compreendem os conceitos de taxa de variação e de limite a partir de objetos em movimento analisados com o Tracker Physics? Por tratar-se de objetos em movimento, utilizamos a Física como meio para trabalharmos os conceitos matemáticos. Antes de chegarmos ao debate sobre limite e taxa de variação, a proposta levanta questões acerca da interpretação de gráficos, tabelas, equações e cálculos numéricos, que não são o escopo principal do trabalho, mas que são importantes para o processo de construção dos conceitos propostos, e a análise dos dados aponta resultados interessantes. Os dados da pesquisa são analisados à luz da teoria dos Registros Semióticos de Duval. Podemos apontar, ao final da pesquisa, que os alunos avançaram na compreensão dos conceitos abordados nas situações apresentadas e analisadas.This research brings a study about the initial construction of the concepts of limits and rate of variation, with students of the second year of High School of the School Antônio de Castro Alves. As methodology we use the case study perspective (PONTE, 2006). The work proposes the use of Tracker Physics software, which enables the analysis of moving objects recorded by video from different records generated by the software, such as graphs, tables and algebraic records. With the use of this software and Duval's theory, we try to answer the following guiding question: how do the students of the High School understand the concepts of rate of variation and limit from moving objects analyzed with Tracker Physics? Because we are dealing with moving objects, we use Physics as the means to work on mathematical concepts. Before we reach the debate about limit and rate of variation, the proposal raises questions about the interpretation of graphs, tables, equations and numerical calculations, which are not the main scope of the work, but which are important for the process of construction of the proposed concepts , And the analysis of the data points interesting results. The data of the research is analyzed in light of the theory of the Duval Semiotic Registers. We can point out, at the end of the research, that the students advanced in understanding the concepts addressed in the situations presented and analyzed.
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Santana, Rodolfo S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Thermal testing of the STAR forward GEM tracker disks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51582.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 41).
In my thesis project, I worked on the Thermal Model for the FGT detector. The purpose of this thermal model is to simulate the cooling system for the electronics of the FGT. In this thesis report, I go over the construction of the model disks for the thermal model and the measurements I made on one disk. I also discuss the LabVIEW program I worked on to monitor the temperature of the readout cards over time. The measurements I made with the LabVIEW program concerned the orientation of the disks. The two orientations I took measurements for were for a disk placed upside down in a horizontal surface and for a disk placed vertically on a pipe. After analyzing the data, I found that these two orientations have no effect on the heating and the cooling of the readout cards.
by Rodolfo Santana.
S.B.
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Alruwaili, Manal Abluk. "PERFORMANCE OF THE HEAVY FLAVOR TRACKER (HFT) DETECTOR IN STAR EXPERIMENT AT RHIC." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448032801.
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Wingham, Matthew. "Commissioning of the CMS tracker and preparing for early physics at the LHC." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491122.
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The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is a general purpose detector at the Large Hadron Collider. It has been designed and optimised to discover the Higgs boson and physics beyond the Standard Model. An early discovery of the Higgs boson is the collaboration's top priority and will require a good understanding of both the detector and the physics of the background processes, with a small integrated luminosity. This principle has been the driving force behind the work presented in this thesis. The Silicon Strip Tracker (SST) sits at the heart of the CMS detector. The development of core algorithms to commission the SST are reviewed and the process of live commissioning at the Tracker Integration Facility is described. A crowning success of this study is the calibration of 1.6M channels and their synchronisation to a cosmic muon trigger to within 1 ns. The SST is expected to produce five times more zero-suppressed data than any other CMS subdetector. As such its efficient handling within with High Level Trigger algorithms is paramount. The performance of the online hit reconstruction software is profiled, the inefficiencies are characterised and a new schema to focus on physics regions-of-interest only is proposed. As an example of its success, when running the single 't trigger path over n' -+ r VT events, hit reconstruction times were reduced from 838 ± 5 ms to only 5.13 ± 0.05 ms without any loss in tracking efficiency. The new software is now the tracker community's permanent online solution and is expected to become the offline solution in the near future. bbZO production at the LHC is of great interest, primarily due to its status as a background to a supersymmetric Higgs boson production process. The preparation for a cross section measurement with 100 pb-I of data (expected by the end of 2009) is made. The prominent backgrounds are identified and a signal selection strategy is developed and optimised using Monte Carlo. This study demonstrates that a cross section measurement with this amount of data is feasible. Finally, a method to estimate background from data is tested.
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Alanazi, Norah. "CALIBRATION OF THE HEAVY FLAVOR TRACKER (HFT) DETECTOR IN STAR EXPERIMENT AT RHIC." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448026418.
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Skogeby, Richard. "Resolution Improvements and Physical Modelling of a Straw Tracker : The NA62 Experiment at CERN." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140175.
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Lab measurements and Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for the evaluation of the Straw-type detectors used in the NA62 experiment at CERN. In addition, analyses of experiment data was used in corrections to improve the reconstruction of particle tracks, ultimately leading to improved resolution of the detector system as a whole. 97.7 percent of the Straws were aligned to within 30 microns, quantified as the deviation from zero of the mean of the inherent residual distribution of each Straw. A drift time dependence on where along the Straw the particle ionized have been corrected for; before the correction the dependence was as big as 6 ns. A radius-drift time relation based on the leading edge timing distribution has been deduced and implemented. Upon implementation artifacts from the piecewise fits used became evident. An alternative approach using residuals has been put forward.
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Vignola, Gianpiero. "Time resolution study of SiPMs as tracker elements for the ALICE 3 timing layer." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23512/.
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Following the present ALICE, a next generation experiment at the LHC is under discussion (for LHC-Run5): ALICE 3.
The idea is to have a superior tracking, vertexing, and timing all-silicon detector. For the Particle IDentification via Time Of Flight (PID-TOF), a detector capable of 20 ps time resolution positioned at 1 m from the interaction point is required.
For this aim, a huge R&D phase on different technologies has just begun. Preliminary studies will be reported. In particular, the first time resolution study using SiPM detectors directly detecting Minimum Ionizing Particles will be discussed. The results will be also compared with laser measurements.
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Nutbeam-Tuffs, Sian Louise. "A prototype scintillating fibre tracker for the cosmic-ray muon tomography of legacy nuclear waste containers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5870/.
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Tomographic imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering of cosmic-ray muons are increasingly being exploited for the non-destructive assay of shielded containers in a wide range of applications. One such application is the characterisation of legacy nuclear waste materials stored within industrial containers. The design, assembly and performance of a prototype muon tomography system developed for this purpose are detailed in this thesis. This muon tracker consists of two tracking modules above and below the volume to be assayed. Each module comprises two orthogonal planes of 2mm fibres. The modular configuration allows the reconstruction of the initial and scattered muon trajectories which enable the container content, with respect to atomic number Z, to be determined. Fibre signals are read out by Hamamatsu H8500 MAPMTs with two fibres coupled to each pixel via dedicated pairing schemes developed to avoid space point ambiguities and retain the high spatial resolution of the fibres. The design, component tests and assembly of the detector system are detailed and presented alongside results from commissioning and performance studies with data collected after construction. These results reveal high stability during extended collection periods with detection efficiencies in the region of 80% per layer. Minor misalignments of millimetre order have been identified and corrected in software. A GEANT4 simulation was created and used for testing image reconstruction algorithms and for comparison to experimental scenario. A likelihood-based image reconstruction algorithm was developed and is described with reconstructed image results from simulated and experimental data for various scenarios are presented. These results verify the simulation and show discrimination between the low, medium and high-Z materials imaged and highlight the high spatial resolution provided by the detector system.
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Poley, Anne-Luise. "Studies of adhesives and metal contacts on silicon strip sensors for the ATLAS Inner Tracker." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19140.
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In dieser Dissertationen werden Untersuchungen zur Verwendung von Klebstoffen auf der Oberfläche von Silizium-Streifen-Sensoren für die Konstruktion von Detektormodulen für das ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade vorgestellt. Drei UV-härtende Klebstoffe wurden im Vergleich zu dem derzeitigen Standard-Klebstoff an 60 ATLAS07 Miniatur-Sensoren getestet.
Der Einfluss von Bestrahlung auf die chemische Zusammensetzung aller verwendeten Klebstoffe wurde unter Verwendung von Standardmethoden zur chemischen Analyse untersucht. Mithilfe der Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie-Analysen von Klebstoffproben-Extrakten wurden verschiedene Ausmaße von Molekülvernetzung und gelösten Molekülbindungen festgestellt und der Grad von Strahlenhärte aller untersuchten Klebstoffe quantifiziert.
Mithilfe einer Sensor-Probestation wurden die elektrischen Eigenschaften von teilweise mit Kleber bedeckten Sensoren untersucht. Im Vergleich zu Sensoren vor dem Bekleben zeigten mit Klebstoff bedeckte Sensoren einen erhöhten Leckstrom, erhöhte Zwischen-Streifen-Kapazitäten sowie Durchbrüche des Leckstroms bei niedrigeren angelegten Spannungen.
Messungen der Ladungssammlungseffizienz in einem Beta-Strahlungs-Teststand wurden verwendet um den Einfluss von aufgetragenen Klebstoffen auf das Silizium-Kristallgitter zu untersuchen. Alle getesteten Sensoren - mit und ohne aufgebrachtem Klebstoff - zeigten vergleichbare Ladungssammlungseffizienzen sowie Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisse oberhalb des geforderten Minimums von zehn bei der vorhergesehenen Verarmungsspannung.
Untersuchungen von Sensoren in Teststrahlmessungen zeigten außerdem, dass Sensoren um die zum Drahtbonden verwendeten Aluminiumflächen ungleichmäßig Ladung sammelten. Weiterführende Messungen konnten bestätigen, dass durch die Aluminiumflächen und darunterliegende Dotierungen das elektrische Feld innerhalb des Sensors verändert und zusätzliche Ladung um die Drahtbond-Flächen gesammelt wurde.This thesis presents studies investigating the use of adhesives on the active area of silicon strip sensors for the construction of silicon strip detector modules for the ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade. 60 ATLAS07 miniature sensors were tested using three UV cure glues in comparison with the current baseline glue. The impact of irradiation on the chemical composition of all adhesives under investigation was studied using three standard methods for chemical analysis. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry analyses of glue sample extracts showed molecule cross-linking and broken chemical bonds to different extents and allowed to quantify the radiation hardness of the adhesives under investigation. Probe station measurements were used to investigate electrical characteristics of sensors partially covered with adhesives. The presence of glue on the active sensor area was found to increase the sensor leakage current and inter-strip capacitance and frequently led to early sensor breakdowns. Charge collection efficiency measurements in a $\beta$-source setup were used to study the influence of adhesives on the silicon bulk. All sensors under investigation showed equivalent charge collection efficiencies for sensors with and without glue, as well as signal-to-noise ratios above the required minimum of ten for the foreseen bias voltage. During testbeam studies, sensor strips were found to respond inhomogeneously in bond pad regions. Follow-up measurements confirmed that the presence of bond pads affects the electric field within a sensor and leads to additional charge being collected around bond pads.
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Ducourthial, Audrey. "Upgrade of the ATLAS Experiment Inner Tracker and related physics perspectives of the Higgs boson decay into two b quarks." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC212/document.
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Le LHC entrera dans sa phase à haute luminosité vers 2027 et pour profiter de l’augmentation importante du taux de collisions, ATLAS, et plus particulièrement son trajectographe doivent être améliorés en terme de résistance aux radiations et traitement de données à un taux accru. Grace au nouveau design du trajectographe at à l’amélioration d’algorithmes d’étiquetage des saveurs de jets, l’identification de jets issus de la désintégration de B hadrons sera facilitée et des canaux de physique possédant des quarks b dans leurs états finaux seront plus facilement accessible, parmi lesquels le couplage trilinéaire du boson de Higgs. La résistance aux raditions des capteurs à pixels en silicium joue un rôle primordial dans leur utilisation auprès des experience LHC. La quantification de l’impact des rayonnements sur les capteurs silicium est un enjeu crucial : un outil de digitisation des dommages des rayonnements a été développé pour modéliser l’impact des radiations dans les simulations Monte Carlo d’ATLAS. Le test de capteurs à pixels planaires, développés par le LPNHE et la fonderie FBK, constitue la partie principale de cette thèse. Les trois productions de capteurs testées possèdent plusieurs designs technologiques. Pour maximiser l’acceptance géométrique du détecteur, des capteurs à bord mince ont été développés. Deux options de polarisation durant les phases de test ont ausssi été étudiée. Les capteurs ont été testés à plusieurs phases d’irradiation. L’optimisation d’algorithme de b-tagging basé sur la reconstruction de vertex secondaire sera aussi présentée, ainsi qu’une étude concernant les performances du b-tagging à haut pTBy 2027, the LHC will enter its high luminosity regime, providing protons protons collisions at an unprecedented rate. The LHC experiments whill have to be upgraded to cope with this higher data rate. The new ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) will allow a better identification of b-quarks and interesting physics signature with b-quarks in the final states such as the Higgs trilinear coupling will be reachable. The work performed during this thesis consisted in testing planar pixel sensors for the ITk, as well as optimizing b-tagging algorithms. In parallel, a study on the radiation damage on silicon pixel sensors have been performed. The radiation hardness of silicon sensors plays a determinant role as it allows them to be efficient in the highly radiative environment at LHC. Understanding the impact of radiation in silicon sensors is a major challenge and a radiation damage digitizer which models radiation damage effects in ATLAS Monte Carlo simulations is currently developed by the ATLAS experiment. Three ITk silicon planar pixel sensors productions of LPNHE and FBK have been developed, produced and tested on beam. Sensors from these three productions aim to be part of the ITk and have to demonstrate good performance after being irradiated at high fluences. Several technological designs have been investigated, such as temporary metal biasing option and active edges which maximize the geometrical acceptance of the sensors. The optimization of b-tagging SV1 algorithm (a secondary-vertex based algorithm) will be pre- sented as well as a study on the extrapolation of b-tagging performances at high pT
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Gibert, Jorge C. "Distribution of Light in the Human Retina under Natural Viewing Conditions." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/958.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness inAmerica. The fact that AMD wreaks most of the damage in the center of the retina raises the question of whether light, integrated over long periods, is more concentrated in the macula.
A method, based on eye-tracking, was developed to measure the distribution of light in the retina under natural viewing conditions. The hypothesis was that integrated over time, retinal illumination peaked in the macula. Additionally a possible relationship between age and retinal illumination was investigated.
The eye tracker superimposed the subject’s gaze position on a video recorded by a scene camera. Five informed subjects were employed in feasibility tests, and 58 naïve subjects participated in 5 phases. In phase 1 the subjects viewed a gray-scale image. In phase 2, they observed a sequence of photographic images. In phase 3 they viewed a video. In phase 4, they worked on a computer; in phase 5, the subjects walked around freely. The informed subjects were instructed to gaze at bright objects in the field of view and then at dark objects. Naïve subjects were allowed to gaze freely for all phases. Using the subject’s gaze coordinates, and the video provided by the scene camera, the cumulative light distribution on the retina was calculated for ~15° around the fovea.
As expected for control subjects, cumulative retinal light distributions peaked and dipped in the fovea when they gazed at bright or dark objects respectively. The light distribution maps obtained from the naïve subjects presented a tendency to peak in the macula for phases 1, 2, and 3, a consistent tendency in phase 4 and a variable tendency in phase 5.
The feasibility of using an eye-tracker system to measure the distribution of light in the retina was demonstrated, thus helping to understand the role played by light exposure in the etiology of AMD. Results showed that a tendency for light to peak in the macula is a characteristic of some individuals and of certain tasks. In these situations, risk of AMD could be increased. No significant difference was observed based on age.
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Mårtensson, Oskar. "LHCb Upstream Tracker box : Thermal studies and conceptual design." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-116163.
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The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will have a long shut down in the years of 2019 and 2020, referred to as LS2. During this stop the LHC injector complex will be upgraded to increase the luminosities, which will be the first step of the high luminosity LHC program (which will be realized during LS3 that takes place in 2024-2026). The LHCb experiment, whose main purpose is to study the CP-violation, will during this long stop be upgraded in order to withstand a higher radiation dose, and to be able to read out the detector at a rate of 40MHz,compared to 1MHz at present. This change will improve the trigger efficiency significantly. One of the LHCb sub-detectors the Trigger Tracker (TT), will be replaced by a new sub-detector called UT. This report presents the early stage design (preparation for mock-up building) of the box that will be isolating the new UT detector from the surroundings and to ensure optimal detector operation. Methods to fulfill requirements such as light and gas tightness, Faraday-cage behavior and condensation free temperatures, without breaking the fragile beryllium beam pipe, are established.LHC (Large Hadron Collider) kommer under åren 2019-2020 att ha ett längre driftstopp. Under detta driftstopp så kommer LHC's injektionsanordningar att uppgraderas för att kunna sätta fler protoner i circulation i LHC, och därmed öka antalet partikelkollisioner per tidsenhet. Denna uppgradering kommer att vara första steget i "High Luminocity LHC"-programmet som kommer att realiseras år 2024-2026. LHCb-experimentet, vars främsta syfte är att studera CP-brott, kommer också att uppgraderas under stoppet 2019-2020. Framför allt så ska avläsningsfrekvensen ökas från dagens 1MHz till 40MHz, och experimentet ska förberedas för de högre strålningsdoser som kommer att bli aktuella efter stoppet 2024-2026. En av LHCb's deldetektorer, TT detektorn, kommer att bytas ut mot en ny deldetektor som kallas UT. Den här rapporten presenterar den förberedande designen av den låda som ska isolera UT från dess omgivning och försäkra optimala förhållanden för detektorn. Kraven på den isolerande lådan och tillvägagångssätt för att uppfylla dessa krav presenteras.
LHCb, LS2 and LS3 Upgrade
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Masetti, Lorenzo [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindenstruth. "Implementation of a Large Scale Control System for a High-Energy Physics Detector: The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker / Lorenzo Masetti ; Betreuer: Volker Lindenstruth." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179783646/34.
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Oliveira, Fábio Anastácio de. "Uso e divulgação do software livre Tracker em aulas de física do ensino médio." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1157.
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Inclui: Manual para usuários iniciantes no software Tracker, p. 113.O presente trabalho apresenta uma aplicação em sala de aula do software livre Tracker, que é destinado à vídeoanálise, ou análise de movimentos quadro a quadro. A utilização do programa tem como objetivo criar alternativas para a falta de um efetivo laboratório didático de ciências, falta que é um problema real em várias escolas brasileiras. Com a videoanálise, é possível abordar conceitos de física por meio de filmagens feitas com câmeras digitais, inclusive aquelas presentes em telefones celulares. Os filmes podem ser gravados e analisados com o próprio Tracker ou com auxílio de um programa de planilhas eletrônicas. A proposta foi aplicada em turmas do 1.o ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola pública estadual de Curitiba que atende alunos de uma região carente e com grande risco social. A avaliação do trabalho foi feita por meio de um relatório contendo questões sobre queda livre. O material utilizado propôs aos alunos uma dinâmica diferente e motivadora para aprender e aplicar seus conhecimentos. Além disso, as aulas propostas serviram de estímulo aos estudantes para um uso inclusivo, consciente e crítico de recursos tecnológicos.
This work relates to videoanalysis as a learning tool in high school Physics classes. It presents results on the use of free software Tracker, which aims at motion video frame by frame measurement and analysis. Our main goal is to provide alternatives to the lack of physics teaching laboratories, which is a major problem faced by many Brazilian schools. Videoanalysis is a powerful tool made possible by common digital cameras, including the ones present in mobile phones. Videos are recorded allowing for data collection and analysis with Tracker together with any usual spreadsheet software. The project was applied to students attending the first year of a public high school in Curitiba. The school is located in a region characterized by poverty and social risk. The obtained results were assessed by a report consisting of six questions, related to the subject freefall, proposed to the students. The developed material offered students a different learning perspective, aiming at improving students’ motivation towards learning Physics. The lectures were also an efficient way of stimulating critical thinking together with inclusive use of technology in the school environment.
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Vilella, Figueras Eva. "Feasibility of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes in CMOS standard technologies for tracker detectors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131100.
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The next generation of particle colliders will be characterized by linear lepton colliders, where the collisions between electrons and positrons will allow to study in great detail the new particle discovered at CERN in 2012 (presumably the Higgs boson). At present time, there are two alternative projects underway, namely the ILC (International Linear Collider) and CLIC (Compact LInear Collider). From the detector point of view, the physics aims at these particle colliders impose such extreme requirements, that there is no sensor technology available in the market that can fulfill all of them. As a result, several new detector systems are being developed in parallel with the accelerator.
This thesis presents the development of a GAPD (Geiger-mode Avalanche PhotoDiode) pixel detector aimed mostly at particle tracking at future linear colliders. GAPDs offer outstanding qualities to meet the challenging requirements of ILC and CLIC, such as an extraordinary high sensitivity, virtually infinite gain and ultra-fast response time, apart from compatibility with standard CMOS technologies. In particular, GAPD detectors enable the direct conversion of a single particle event onto a CMOS digital pulse in the sub-nanosecond time scale without the utilization of either preamplifiers or pulse shapers. As a result, GAPDs can be read out after each single bunch crossing, a unique quality that none of its competitors can offer at the moment. In spite of all these advantages, GAPD detectors suffer from two main problems. On the one side, there exist noise phenomena inherent to the sensor, which induce noise pulses that cannot be distinguished from real particle events and also worsen the detector occupancy to unacceptable levels. On the other side, the fill-factor is too low and gives rise to a reduced detection efficiency.
Solutions to the two problems commented that are compliant with the severe specifications of the next generation of particle colliders have been thoroughly investigated. The design and characterization of several single pixels and small arrays that incorporate some elements to reduce the intrinsic noise generated by the sensor are presented. The sensors and the readout circuits have been monolithically integrated in a conventional HV-CMOS 0.35 μm process. Concerning the readout circuits, both voltage-mode and current-mode options have been considered. Moreover, the time-gated operation has also been explored as an alternative to reduce the detected sensor noise. The design and thorough characterization of a prototype GAPD array, also monolithically integrated in a conventional 0.35 μm HV-CMOS process, is presented in the thesis as well. The detector consists of 10 rows x 43 columns of pixels, with a total sensitive area of 1 mm x 1 mm. The array is operated in a time-gated mode and read out sequentially by rows. The efficiency of the proposed technique to reduce the detected noise is shown with a wide variety of measurements. Further improved results are obtained with the
reduction of the working temperature. Finally, the suitability of the proposed detector array for particle detection is shown with the results of a beam-test campaign conducted at CERN-SPS (European Organization for Nuclear Research-Super Proton Synchrotron). Apart from that, a series of additional approaches to improve the performance of the GAPD technology are proposed. The benefits of integrating a GAPD pixel array in a 3D process in terms of overcoming the fill-factor limitation are examined first. The design of a GAPD detector in the Global Foundries 130 nm/Tezzaron 3D process is also presented. Moreover, the possibility to obtain better results in light detection applications by means of the time-gated operation or correction techniques is analyzed too.Aquesta tesi presenta el desenvolupament d’un detector de píxels de GAPDs (Geiger-mode Avalanche PhotoDiodes) dedicat principalment a rastrejar partícules en futurs col•lisionadors lineals. Els GAPDs ofereixen unes qualitats extraordinàries per satisfer els requisits extremadament exigents d’ILC (International Linear Collider) i CLIC (Compact LInear Collider), els dos projectes per la propera generació de col•lisionadors que s’han proposat fins a dia d’avui. Entre aquestes qualitats es troben una sensibilitat extremadament elevada, un guany virtualment infinit i una resposta molt ràpida, a part de ser compatibles amb les tecnologies CMOS estàndard. En concret, els detectors de GAPDs fan possible la conversió directa d’un esdeveniment generat per una sola partícula en un senyal CMOS digital amb un temps inferior al nanosegon. Com a resultat d’aquest fet, els GAPDs poden ser llegits després de cada bunch crossing (la col•lisió de les partícules), una qualitat única que cap dels seus competidors pot oferir en el moment actual. Malgrat tots aquests avantatges, els detectors de GAPDs pateixen dos grans problemes. D’una banda, existeixen fenòmens de soroll inherents al sensor, els quals indueixen polsos de soroll que no poden ser distingits dels esdeveniments reals generats per partícules i que a més empitjoren l’ocupació del detector a nivells inacceptables. D’altra banda, el fill-factor (és a dir, l’àrea sensible respecte l’àrea total) és molt baix i redueix l’eficiència detectora. En aquesta tesi s’han investigat solucions als dos problemes comentats i que a més compleixen amb les especificacions altament severes dels futurs col•lisionadors lineals. El detector de píxels de GAPDs, el qual ha estat monolíticament integrat en un procés HV-CMOS estàndard de 0.35 μm, incorpora circuits de lectura en mode voltatge que permeten operar el sensor en l’anomenat mode time-gated per tal de reduir el soroll detectat. L’eficiència de la tècnica proposada queda demostrada amb la gran varietat d’experiments que s’han dut a terme. Els resultats del beam-test dut a terme al CERN indiquen la capacitat del detector de píxels de GAPDs per detectar partícules altament energètiques. A banda d’això, també s’han estudiat els beneficis d’integrar un detector de píxels de GAPDs en un procés 3D per tal d’incrementar el fill-factor. L’anàlisi realitzat conclou que es poden assolir fill-factors superiors al 90%.
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Hamad, Ayman I. A. "ELLIPTIC FLOW STUDY OF CHARMED MESONS IN 200 GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS AT THE RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149905276313972.
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Orkiel, Edenilson. "O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE MOVIMENTOS EM DUAS DIMENSÕES. LANÇAMENTO DE FOGUETES." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2142.
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-26Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work the intention was to teach the content structuring movements in two dimensions, addressing the concepts related to the uniform motion, accelerated and oblique with the construction and use of simple experiments for it. In this sense, it was built with the student’s rocket powered by water and compressed air, as well as other types of experiments demonstrating the movement of objects making up the record video for later analysis with the help of Tracker computer program. Tracker program is used as a facilitator in the understanding of the concepts related to uniform, accelerated movement as well as movements in two dimensions’ composition or oblique movement. Within these activities, the purpose was to enable students to classes that allow understanding of how to build physical models of motion and the equations that describe them, aiming to make sense of the physical concepts taught. One example is through the Tracker program, enabling students graphing activities of the movements, as well as analysis and interpretation correlating with what has been seen in practice. After analyzing the results, it could be observed that the different classes with the use of ICT, the Tracker program and experiments built by the students themselves, contributed to the motivation and interest in the subject taught at the same time that the road to learning it was easier to reach the success of the proposal.
Neste trabalho a pretensão foi ensinar o conteúdo estruturante movimentos em duas dimensões, abordando os conceitos relacionados aos movimentos uniforme, acelerado e oblíquo com a construção e uso de experimentos simples para isso. Neste sentido, foi construído com os alunos foguetes movidos a água e ar comprimido, bem como outros tipos de experimentos demonstrando o movimento de objetos fazendo-se o registro em vídeo para análise posterior com o auxílio do programa computacional Tracker. O programa Tracker é utilizado como um facilitador no entendimento dos conceitos relacionados aos movimentos uniforme e acelerado, bem como da composição de movimentos em duas dimensões, ou movimento oblíquo. Dentro destas atividades, o propósito foi possibilitar aos alunos aulas que permitam o entendimento de como se constroem os modelos físicos do movimento e as equações que os descrevem, objetivando-se dar sentido aos conceitos físicos ensinados. Como exemplo, citamos, através do programa Tracker, possibilitar aos alunos atividades de construção de gráficos dos movimentos, bem como sua análise e interpretação correlacionando com o que foi visualizado na prática. Após a análise dos resultados obtidos, pôde ser observado que as aulas diferenciadas, com a utilização das TIC, do programa Tracker e de experimentos construídos pelos próprios alunos, contribuíram para a motivação e interesse pelo assunto ensinado ao mesmo tempo que o caminho para a aprendizagem ficou facilitado, atingindo o êxito da proposta.
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Ajish, Jaiby J. "Charmed Meson Measurements Using a Silicon Tracker in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt{SNN} = 200 GeV in STAR Experiment at RHIC." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1322198720.
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Willson, Robert Michael. "Three-Pion HBT Interferometry at the STAR Experiment." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1023416690.
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Dutra, Elci Rodrigues de Almeida. "A utilização de experimentos e simulações no ensino de física com o uso do software Tracker com as plataformas PHET e QUIZ." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riu/3041.
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A presente pesquisa teve o intuito de investigar e analisar o desenvolvimento do processo de aprendizagem de Cinemática utilizando uma metodologia educacional que buscou articular o uso operacional e pedagógico do Software Tracker. Assim, partimos para uma ação pedagógica, que foi concebida e desenvolvida junto aos alunos do 9º ano do Ensino fundamental, numa escola estadual da cidade de Caçapava do Sul - RS. A sequência didática aqui descrita fundamentou-se nas teorias de David Paul Ausubel (Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa) e Lev Semenovitch Vygotsky (Teoria do Desenvolvimento Cognitivo). A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi à pesquisa qualitativa, observacional e participativa, por meio do estudo de caso. Os resultados sugerem que as atividades que envolvem experimentações e simulações são potencialmente facilitadoras no processo de aprendizagem significativa no ensino de Física. Através dos relatos dos alunos, observou-se uma maior motivação para aprender, criada pelas atividades desenvolvidas como o uso do software Tracker.
This study aimed to investigate and analyze the development of kinematics learning process using an educational approach that sought to articulate the operational and pedagogical use of the Software Tracker. So we went to a pedagogical action, which was designed and developed with the students of the 9th grade of elementary school, a state school in the city of Caçapava do Sul - RS. The didactic sequence described herein was based on the theories of David Paul Ausubel (Theory of Meaningful Learning) and Lev Vygotsky Semenovitch (Theory of Cognitive Development). The methodology used in the research was qualitative, observational, participatory research, through the case study. The results suggest that the activities involving experiments and simulations are potentially facilitating the meaningful learning process in teaching physics. Through the students' reports, there was a greater motivation to learn, created by activities such as the use of the Tracker software.
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Amorim, Lair Cláudio Cerqueira de. "Projeto “Física Animada”: uma abordagem centrada no aluno para o ensino da cinemática no Ensino Médio." Volta Redonda, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4228.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física. Volta Redonda,RJ
O projeto “Física Animada é uma proposta que usa a técnica stop motion para ensinar conceitos da cinemática de maneira mais participativa e divertida para alunos do Ensino Médio, levando os alunos a compreenderem conceitos de deslocamento, posição, velocidade e aceleração, além de desenvolverem habilidades de interpretação de gráficos, tabelas e vetores, e também de relacionar os gráficos da cinemática com o movimento efetuado. Essa técnica consiste na criação do movimento quadro a quadro e existem diversas animações bem conhecidas como exemplos de sua aplicação. Neste trabalho, três etapas foram propostas para a condução do projeto e seguidas durante a aplicação: (i) Criação das personagens em massa de modelar; (ii) Gravação de vídeos com movimentos de velocidade constante e variável; (iii) Análise dos movimentos no vídeo para confrontar o modelo mental com os modelos da mecânica Newtoniana. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma escola estadual voltada para o ensino de jovens e adultos (CEJA Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos) e ao longo do ano 2014 o minicurso foi realizado diversas vezes com diferentes alunos. No projeto foram utilizados dois softwares gratuitos: o MUAN, para a criação dos vídeos, e o Tracker, para a análise cinemática. Ambos possuem uma interface intuitiva e amigável, o que favorece o uso como ferramenta de ensino. Ao longo da aplicação do projeto, foram realizados exames diagnósticos com os alunos antes e após o minicurso de quatro aulas. Além disso, foram entregues questionários para todos os participantes e realizadas entrevistas com os que se voluntariaram a gravar suas impressões sobre a atividade. Verificou-se ainda a validade do projeto visando o aumento do interesse e da motivação dos alunos em se tratando do aprendizado de tópicos em cinemática e mecânica.
The Project “Animated Physics” is a proposal that uses the stop motion animation technique to teach concepts of kinematics in an active and fun way for high school students. This technique consists on the creation of motion frame by frame and there are several well-known animated movies as examples of its application. In this work, three steps were proposed for the project implementation: (i) Creation of characters in putty; (ii) Recording videos with constant and variable speed motion; (iii) Analysis of movements in the video to confront the mental model with Newtonian mechanics models. The research was conducted in a public school focused on youth and adult education (CEJA in Portuguese, Education Center for Youth and Adults) and during the year 2014 a short course was applied several times to different students. The project was performed through two free softwares: MUAN, for the creation of videos, and Tracker, for kinematic analysis. Both have an intuitive and friendly interface, which allows the use as a teaching tool. During the implementation of the project, diagnostic tests were performed with students before and after a short course of four lessons. In addition, questionnaires were applied to all participants and interviews were conducted with those who volunteered to record their impressions on the activity. The aim of this project was to make students understand concepts of displacement, position, speed and acceleration, to develop graphics, tables, and vector interpretation skills, and also to relate kinematics graphics with motion. The validity of the project in order to increase the interest and motivation of students learning topics in kinematics and mechanics was also assessed.
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Gaudichet, Ludovic. "Production de Lambda(1520) dans les collisions p+p et Au+Au à sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV dans l'expérience STAR au RHIC." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003775.
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Les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes sont produites expérimentalement dans le but d'observer la matière dense et chaude. Un des objectifs majeurs est de prouver l'existence du plasma de quarks et de gluons (QGP pour Quark Gluon Plasma) et de l'étudier. Cet état serait celui de la matière dans les conditions de température et de densité suffisamment élevées pour rompre le confinement des quarks à l'intérieur de hadrons. Ces conditions sont obtenues auprès des collisionneurs d'ions lourds travaillant dans les domaines d'énergies les plus élevées. Le RHIC (pour Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) a notamment permis de réaliser des collisions p+p et Au+Au avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de $\sqrt(s_(NN))=$ 200 GeV. Cette thèse porte sur la production des $\Lambda (1520)$ dans ces deux systèmes grâce au dispositif expérimental de la collaboration STAR (pour Solenoid Tracker At RHIC). La production de cette résonance a été également mesurée dans les collisions du SPS (pour Super Proton Synchrotron) à une énergie égale à $\sqrt(s_(NN))=$ 17.3 GeV. Cette mesure a révélé une diminution importante du signal de $\Lambda (1520)$ observé dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Cette tendance est confirmée à RHIC grâce au calcul des rapports $\Lambda (1520)/\Lambda $ pour les collisions p+p et Au+Au à $\sqrt(s_(NN))=$ 200 GeV. Ce rapport diminue pour les collisions Au+Au par rapport aux collisions p+p et est par ailleurs surestimé par les modèles statistiques qui supposent une production de particules en équilibre thermique. Ces résultats constituent entre autres choses une forte présomption de l'existence d'un découplement des particules produites en deux étapes : un découplement chimique, à partir duquel les multiplicités sont fixées, suivi par un découplement thermique où cessent toutes les interactions. Cette conclusion constitue une étape importante dans notre compréhension des collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes et du comportement de la matière dans ces conditions.
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Coniavitis, Elias. "Charged Higgs Bosons at the ATLAS Experiment and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111576.
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In the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, direct searches for the elusive Higgs boson will be conducted, as well as for physics beyond the Standard Model. The charged Higgs boson (H±) is interesting both as a part of the Higgs sector, and as a clear sign of new physics. This thesis focuses on H± searches, with H± production in top-antitop pair events, and in particular the bW± bH±, H±→τhadν, W±→qq channel. Its potential was investigated as part of a larger study of the expected performance of the entire ATLAS experiment. Full simulation of the ATLAS detector and trigger was used, and all dominant systematics considered. It was shown to be the most promising H± discovery channel for mH±<mt. As hadronic τ decays are important for H± searches, their correct identification is critical. Possibilities of improving tau-jet identification in pile-up and top-antitop pair events were investigated. Redundant or even performance-reducing variables in the default likelihood identification were identified, as were new variables showing discriminatory power. This allows for increased rejection of QCD jets in these environments, and higher robustness of the method. Before any physics studies, a commissioned and well-understood detector is required. The Lorentz angle of the ATLAS Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT) barrel was measured using 2008 cosmic-ray data. It is an important observable for the performance of several detector aspects. Potential sources of systematics were investigated and evaluated. The Lorentz angle in the SCT barrel was measured as θL = 3.93 ± 0.03(stat) ± 0.10(syst) degrees, agreeing with the model prediction. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed successor to the LHC. The potential for charged and heavy neutral Higgs bosons at CLIC was investigated, in terms of both discovery and precision measurement of parameters like tanβ or the Higgs masses, up to and beyond 1 TeV, which would be challenging at the LHC
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Santos, Rafael Pinheiro. "Sequência didática para o ensino de cinemática através de vídeo análise baseada na teoria da aprendizagem significativa." Volta Redonda, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4697.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Física. Volta Redonda, RJ
A proposta desta dissertação é apresentar o desenvolvimento de um produto educacional para ensinar Cinemática através de Vídeo análise utilizando o software Tracker para turmas do ensino médio. O produto educacional consiste em uma sequencia didática, que será conduzida por uma série de perguntas com o intuito de construir com os alunos, a partir da observação dos fenômenos e da experimentação, um modelo matemático dos movimentos tradicionalmente estudados no ensino médio. Para alicerçar o desenvolvimento deste produto, apresentamos uma breve fundamentação teórica sobre Cinemática, Aprendizagem Significativa e Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Essa proposta de trabalho foi levada à sala de aula e os resultados da aplicação são avaliados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo aplicado à sequencia didática. Acreditamos que o produto apresentado pode participar diretamente da formação das Competências e Habilidades dos alunos. Além disso, a realização da vídeo análise motivou os estudantes e foi possível perceber um maior envolvimento nas atividades, o que é prerrogativa fundamental para atingir-se a aprendizagem significativa.
The purpose of this dissertation is to present the development of an educational product to teach kinematics through analysis video using the Tracker software for high school classes. The educational product consists on a didactic sequence, which will be conducted through a series of questions in order to build with students from the observation of phenomena and experimentation, a mathematical model of movements traditionally studied at high school. In support of the development of this product there is a brief theoretical framework of kinematics, Meaningful Learning and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This work proposal was brought to the classroom and the application of the results are evaluated by content analysis technique applied to the teaching sequence. We believe that the product presented may participate directly in the formation of skills and abilities of the students. Furthermore, the realization of video analysis motivated the students and it was possible to observe a greater involvement in the activities, which is a fundamental prerogative to achieve meaningful learning.
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Jansova, Markéta. "Search for the supersymmetric partner of the top quark and measurements of cluster properties in the silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment at Run 2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE018/document.
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Cette thèse présente trois études différentes basées sur les données de CMS du Run 2. Les deux premières sont des mesures des propriétés des amas dans le trajectographe à pistes de silicium de CMS, liées respectivement aux particules hautement ionisantes (HIP) et au partage de charge entre les pistes voisines (également appelé diaphonie). Le dernier sujet abordé dans ce document est la recherche du partenaire supersymétrique du quark top, appelé stop. Une augmentation de l’inefficacité de reconstruction des hits dans le trajectographe à pistes de silicium de CMS a été observée au cours des années 2015 et 2016. Les particules hautement ionisantes ont été identifiées comme une cause possible de ces inefficacités. Cette thèse apporte des résultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs sur l’effet HIP et sa probabilité. Le HIP n’était pas la source la plus importante d’inefficacité et, une fois la source identifiée et corrigée, les nouvelles données révèlent qu’après cette correction, le HIP représente à présent la principale source d’inefficacité. La seconde étude présentée porte sur les conditions utilisées dans la simulation du trajectographe par CMS afin de fournir des résultats réalistes. Ces conditions changent avec les conditions de fonctionnement du trajectographe et évoluent avec le vieillissement du trajectographe résultant des dommages causés par le rayonnement. Nous avons constaté que les paramètres de diaphonie obsolètes avaient une grande incidence sur la forme de l’amas. Dans cette thèse, les paramètres ont été réévalués et il a été confirmé que les nouveaux paramètres améliorent grandement l’accord des amas entre données et simulation. La dernière partie décrit en profondeur la recherche de stop en utilisant les données collectées en 2016 (correspondant à ∫L = 35.9 fb−1) avec un lepton dans l’état final. Aucun excès n’a été observé par rapport aux prédictions attendues par le modèle standard et les résultats ont été interprétés en terme de limites d’exclusion sur des modèles simplifiésThis thesis presents three different studies based on the CMS Run 2 data. The first two are measurements of the cluster properties in the CMS silicon strip tracker related respectively to the highly ionizing particles (HIP) and the charge sharing among neighboring strips (also known as cross talk). The last topic discussed in this document is the search for the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, called the stop. An increase in the hit inefficiency of the CMS silicon strip tracker was observed during the years 2015 and 2016. The highly ionizing particles were identified as a possible cause of these inefficiencies. This thesis brings qualitative and quantitative results on the HIP effect and its probability. The HIP was found not to be the largest source of inefficiency at that time and once the source was identified and fixed, the new data revealed that after this fix the HIP now represents the major source of the hit inefficiency. The second study presented in this thesis focuses on the conditions plugged in CMS tracker simulation in order to provide realistic results. These conditions change with the tracker operating conditions and also evolve with tracker ageing resulting from the radiation damage. We identified that the outdated cross talk parameters largely impact the cluster width and seed charge. In this thesis the parameters were remeasured and it was confirmed that the new parameters largely improve the agreement of clusters between data and simulation. The last part describes deeply the stop analysis using data recorded in 2016 (corresponding to ∫L =35.9 fb−1) with single lepton in the final state. No excess was observed in the full 2016 data (∫L = 35.9 fb−1) with respect to the standard model background predictions and therefore exclusion limits in terms of simplified model spectra were derived
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Smith, Katherine Margaret. "Effects of Submesoscale Turbulence on Reactive Tracers in the Upper Ocean." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623667.
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In this dissertation, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are used to model the coupled turbulence-reactive tracer dynamics within the upper mixed layer of the ocean. Prior work has shown that LES works well over the spatial and time scales relevant to both turbulence and reactive biogeochemistry. Additionally, the code intended for use is able to carry an arbitrary number of tracer equations, allowing for easy expansion of the species reactions. Research in this dissertation includes a study of 15 idealized non-reactive tracers within an evolving large-scale temperature front in order determine and understand the fundamental dynamics underlying turbulence-tracer interaction in the absence of reactions. The focus of this study, in particular, was on understanding the evolution of biogeochemically-relevant, non-reactive tracers in the presence of both large (~5 km) submesoscale eddies and smallscale (~100 m) wave-driven Langmuir turbulence. The 15 tracers studied have different initial, boundary, and source conditions and significant differences are seen in their distributions depending on these conditions. Differences are also seen between regions where submesoscale eddies and small-scale Langmuir turbulence are both present, and in regions with only Langmuir turbulence. A second study focuses on the examination of Langmuir turbulence effects on upper ocean carbonate chemistry. Langmuir mixing time scales are similar to those of chemical reactions, resulting in potentially strong tracer-flow coupling effects. The strength of the Langmuir turbulence is varied, from no wave-driven turbulence (i.e., only shear-driven turbulence), to Langmuir turbulence that is much stronger than that found in typical upper ocean conditions. Three different carbonate chemistry models are also used in this study: time-dependent chemistry, equilibrium chemistry, and no-chemistry (i.e., non-reactive tracers). The third and final study described in this dissertation details the development of a reduced-order biogeochemical model with 17 state equations that can accurately reproduce the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) ecosystem behavior, but that can also be integrated within high-resolution LES.
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Wills, Danielle Elizabeth Stanbr. "Traces of exotic physics in cosmology." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11121/.
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In recent years it has become increasingly clear that our universe is far more intricate than we might ever have imagined. While theoretical formulations of the fundamental aspects of Nature have, for many years, hinted at its vast and elusive complexity, suggesting that our known world is but a tiny facet of the greater reality in which it is embedded, it has only been within the last several decades that observations have really begun to confirm this. Indeed, while deep-field surveys of the universe have uncovered myriads of galaxies, constituting an untold number of gravitationally bound microcosms such as ours, precision cosmological measurements have revealed that all of this luminous baryonic matter is a near negligible fraction of the total energy and matter in the universe. The vast majority of our cosmos is a dark universe, comprised of some kind of invisible substances or dark fluids that only interact gravitationally with visible matter. Even among the objects that are visible to us, there are many mysterious entities which are predicted by theory and which may or may not as yet have been glimpsed in the cosmos. In the first part of this thesis we will study the interactions between two such entities, namely cosmic strings and rotating black holes. In the latter part, we will turn to the invisible sector and explore whether or not the dark phenomena in the universe could in fact be the shadows of fundamental objects moving in higher dimensions beyond our own.
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Medinaceli, Villegas Eduardo <1976>. "Astroparticle physics with nuclear track detectors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/850/.
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This thesis is mainly about the search for exotic heavy particles -Intermediate
Mass Magnetic Monopoles, Nuclearites and Q-balls with the SLIM experiment
at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5230 m, Bolivia), establishing
upper limits (90% CL) in the absence of candidates, which are among the best
if not the only one for all three kind of particles. A preliminary study of the
background induced by cosmic neutron in CR39 at the SLIM site, using Monte
Carlo simulations.
The measurement of the elemental abundance of the primary cosmic ray
with the CAKE experiment on board of a stratospherical balloon; the charge
distribution obtained spans in the range 5≤Z≤31.
Both experiments were based on the use of plastic Nuclear Track Detectors,
which records the passage of ionizing particles; by using some chemical reagents
such passage can be make visible at optical microscopes.
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Calloni, Gilberto José. "A Física dos movimentos analisada a partir de vídeos do cotidiano do aluno : uma proposta para a oitava série." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28179.
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Este trabalho propõe introduzir conteúdos de Física, de modo a torná-los atrativos para alunos de 8ª série, através do estudo de situações divertidas, como os movimentos presentes em atividades esportivas e de lazer do seu cotidiano. Os movimentos foram filmados pelos alunos utilizando uma câmera fotográfica digital e, após, foi usado um programa de análise de imagens (Tracker). A escolha dos temas a serem filmados e analisados partiu de sugestões dos próprios alunos em sala de aula, orientados pela professora de Ciências e pelo autor dessa proposta de trabalho. As filmagens foram realizadas pelos alunos no pátio e no salão esportivo da escola; a análise dos movimentos filmados e sua descrição foram realizadas no laboratório de informática. A proposta foi aplicada no Colégio São José, de Caxias do Sul, RS, com cinco turmas de oitava série na disciplina de Ciências, durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2008, inserindo as atividades paralelamente à apresentação dos conteúdos. Todo material desenvolvido e utilizado nesta proposta foi disponibilizado, gradualmente, no decorrer de sua aplicação na página Web do Colégio. O planejamento e a execução desta proposta foram embasados na teoria interacionista de Lev Vygotsky. Essa escolha se deu, principalmente, pelos objetivos pretendidos neste trabalho que previam que os alunos trabalhassem em grupo com a mediação dos professores, proporcionando e estimulando o gosto por aprender. A avaliação da proposta foi feita pelos alunos no final de sua aplicação através de um questionário de opinião. Segundo as respostas dos alunos, na medida em que atividades e tecnologias do seu cotidiano são utilizadas nas aulas de Física, faz com que essas se tornem mais motivadoras e interessantes. O material instrucional produzido, acompanhado de um guia de informações e orientações será publicado na série “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, onde serão descritos os objetivos, a justificativa e a metodologia utilizados, com o intuito de que possam ser aplicados por outros professores associados à disciplina de Ciências da 8ª série.This work proposes an alternative introduction of 8th grade Physics school contents through the study of Kinematics concepts present, e.g., in the students' daily sporting and leisure activities, in order to make these concepts more attractive and motivating to them. The situations have been registered in the schoolyard and gymnasium by the students themselves using a digital camera. The videoclips were then analyzed using an image analysis software (Tracker) in the school's computer laboratory. The subjects on the videoclips were selected among students' suggestions and assisted by the Science class teacher together with the author. The proposal has been carried out in Colégio São José, of Caxias do Sul, RS, with five different groups of 8th graders during Science classes, from September to November of 2008, these activities being alternated with regular classes. All material developed and used in the proposal was made available, during its application, on the School's Webpage. The planning and execution of this proposal are oriented along the social interaction theory of Lev Vygotsky. This choice is mainly motivated by the goal of promoting collaborative students work, intermediated by the teachers, providing and stimulating the taste for learning. The students evaluated the work by its conclusion through an opinion questionnaire. According to the students' answers to the questionnaire, when their daily activities were introduced in the Physics classes making use of available technology through electronic and computer devices, the Physics learning was rendered more interesting and motivating. The instructional material produced during the project application together with an information guide orienting other 8th grade Science teachers on its application will be published in the series “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, where aims and methodology will also be described.
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Dalton, Amy L. "Physical Activity Motivational Factors of Activity Trackers for Young Adults." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8618.
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BACKGROUND: Physical activity for the majority of individuals is below recommended levels despite strong evidence of its significant health benefits. Activity tracker devices present as a promising and affordable tool to help promote physical activity and active choices. Additionally, young adults present as an ideal age group to implement behavior change interventions. OBJECTIVE: To determine what features of activity tracker hardware and software are helpful in motivating active choices. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 149 participants ranging in age from 18-29 years old who wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for one week. They then continued to wear the accelerometer in addition to a randomly assigned activity tracker (Apple Watch, Fitbit Surge, Basis Peak, or Microsoft Band 2) for an additional week. They also used the corresponding app for their activity tracker. Participants filled out a survey about their experience at the end of the study RESULTS: Overall hardware rating (p = 0.162) and overall software rating (p = 0.125) did not differ between the four devices. Degree of motivation of the hardware (p = 0.177) and software (p = 0.120) was also similar for all the activity trackers. There were 625 positive comments made about tracker hardware with the majority of these comments concerning mode options (n = 149), other (n = 94), and battery (n = 79). There were 287 positive software comments with the majority in the categories of other (n = 78) and information (n = 68). CONCLUSIONS: The analyses of our data did not show a significant difference between devices in any category. Furthermore, results indicated a high number of positive comments for both hardware and software overall. Users also reported device hardware and software to be personally motivating.
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Gepford, Heather Jean. "Development and implementation of a system for reading nuclear etched tracks in PADC (CR-39) using coherent light scattering." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17134.
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Barns, Gareth L. "On single well forced gradient tracer tests : implications of aquifer physical heterogeneity and tracer behaviour." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1409/.
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Single well forced gradient tracer tests are a potential cost-effective approach to estimate in situ aquifer contaminant fate and transport parameters for use in natural attenuation assessments and remediation schemes. To date dipole flow tracer tests have been used to measure the conservative and hydraulic parameters of an aquifer, while push-pull tests are well characterised for use with biodegrading tracers. The effect of typical aquifer physical heterogeneity on the ability of single well tests to successfully estimate parameters has not yet been characterised. Also, the ability of single well tests to accurately and quickly measure aquifer parameters using tracer mixtures should be analysed. To investigate the effect of physical heterogeneity on single well tests scaled down ultraviolet imaging experiments were performed in a low profile box. Potential tracers for use in mixtures were investigated through column and batch experiments: Inorganic anions and fluorescein, inorganic cations, acetate and trichlorofluoroethene were considered to measure conservative transport parameters, cation exchange capacity, biodegradation potential and hydrophobic sorption respectively. Numerical modelling was used to simulate reactive tracer signals in single well forced gradient tests. Results suggest that dipole flow tracer tests are appropriate for measuring conservative transport parameters and the sorption of lowly retarded tracers, but are not highly suitable for biodegrading tracers. Tests could be performed with non-recirculating flow, allowing simpler modelling, if equal injection and extraction flow rates could be ensured. Push-pull tests are suitable for biodegrading tracers and moderate to highly retarded tracers. This limits the potential to use reactive tracer mixtures in these tests. Dipole flow tracer test breakthrough curves are highly susceptible to heterogeneity, and could be used to identify discrete permeability variations in aquifers. The effect of heterogeneity is not significant on push-pull test breakthrough curves, but seriously affects tracer plume migration. Inorganic anions provided the most reliable conservative tracer. Trichlorofluoroethene was found to be a suitable tracer to measure hydrophobic sorption. The biodegradation surrogate chosen for a field test should biodegrade similarly to the contaminant under study.
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Rossi, Edoardo [Verfasser]. "Characterization of Silicon Modules and Sensors for the ATLAS Inner Tracker Strip Detector : Charakterisierung von Siliziummodulen und -sensoren für den ATLAS Inner Tracker Streifendetektor / Edoardo Rossi." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221084860/34.
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Sharratt, Andrew Paul. "Silica supported nickel catalysts : tracer studies." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843407/.
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A series of silica supported catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the support materials with a nickel(II) nitrate precursor under standard conditions. The catalysts and silicas were characterised using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques, neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR). These analyses revealed one significant variable in the silicas:- the surface concentration of strained siloxane rings containing three silicon atoms. The catalysts were tested using ethene as a probe molecule and the amination of ethanol as a test reaction in conjunction with various tracers (2H, 3H, 13C and 15N). Significant differences in behaviour and activity were observed, these differences correlated with the surface concentration of the strained three membered rings. Possible interactions between reactants and the rings were proposed to explain the observed differences in behaviour. Based on the tracer studies it was possible to propose a mechanism for the animation reaction over the catalysts. The role of the silica surfaces in influencing the activity of the catalysts was illustrated in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Gessinger-Befurt, Paul [Verfasser]. "Development and improvement of track reconstruction software and search for disappearing tracks with the ATLAS experiment / Paul Gessinger-Befurt." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233783203/34.
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Sukhonos, Daniil [Verfasser]. "Spectrometer Straw Tracker design studies for the SHiP experiment / Daniil Sukhonos." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224612124/34.
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Johnson, Simon Anthony. "Trace gas detection using diode lasers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290026.
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Zaunick, Hans-Georg [Verfasser]. "Developments toward a Silicon Strip Tracker for the PANDA Experiment / Hans-Georg Zaunick." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044870168/34.
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Fedus, William Bradley. "Reconstructing nuclear recoil tracks in the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61206.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
Astrophysical evidence indicates that 23% of our universe's energy density is in the form of nonluminous, nonbaryonic matter referred to as dark matter. One theoretically appealing dark matter candidate is the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Because of astrophysical dynamics, the detectable signal from the expected WIMP dark matter halo should exhibit a unique daily directional modulation for which experiments can search . The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) group aims to provide an unequivocal detection of WIMP particles through the anisotropy in the angular recoil spectrum. DMTPC uses a low-pressure time projection chamber filled with CF 4 gas to search for WIMPs via elastic collisions. Crucial to this experiment is the fidelity of nuclear recoil track reconstruction. By extracting parameters such as the angle and vector direction of nuclear recoils, DMTPC has sensitivity to the anisotropic WIMP signal. This thesis develops a new track reconstruction algorithm motivated by the physics of nuclear energy loss in a diffuse gas medium. The algorithm is applied to simulated nuclear recoils and is compared to the existing track reconstruction algorithm. The new fitting algorithm outperforms the old algorithm in determining vector direction of nuclear recoils for recoil energies between 20 and 300 keV. The algorithm shows little sensitivity to CCD read noise. The length reconstruction of the new algorithm, however, fails to outperform the old algorithm below 100 keV.
by William Bradley Fedus.
S.B.
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Hassan, Maisson Mohamed Zeinelabieden. "Identification of platinum ores via trace element signatures." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10672.
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This project studies the natural variation in the elemental composition of processed platinum ore from different extraction locations in South Africa in order to assess whether this provides sufficient information for the elemental fingerprinting" of the material.
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deGuzman, Jeremy Ernest. "Design of an air track for engineering and physics education." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92176.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).
An air track is a valuable tool for examining force and motion in the classroom, providing a low-friction environment to observe phenomena. Unfortunately, currently available models have limited functionality and are prohibitively expensive for many schools. To improve access to this helpful device, a number of smaller and less expensive variations on traditional air tracks are designed and tested. From an analysis of test results and theoretical performance calculations, the best design is identified. Further improvements to this design are also suggested.
by Jeremy Ernest deGuzman.
S.B.
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Cardoso, Mário. "Study of pattern recognition of particle tracks with neural networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454374.
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In this project we study the use of neural networks as a tool for particle track pattern recognition with the possibility of its implementation in the Trigger system at the ATLAS experiment [1]. By using a method named Hough transform we created a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that is able to train on the transformed images of muons merged with minimum bias. We give an overview of how the CNN works and compare the results from the CNN with the old cut based method. We believe to have managed to find an alternative to the previously used algorithm, that is faster and more efficient.
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Lennefer, Thomas. "Activity Trackers @ Work." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22256.
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Heutzutage erfüllen nur 35 % der Deutschen das empfohlene Maß an körperlicher Bewegung (Robert Koch Institute, 2015). Ein möglicher Grund für diese Inaktivität ist, dass die körperliche Betätigung am Arbeitsplatz sich in den letzten Jahren um insgesamt 28% verringert hat (Wilke, Ashton, Elis, Biallas, & Froböse, 2015). Um dieser Entwicklung entgegenzuwirken, evaluiert die vorliegende Dissertation eine mHealth Intervention bestehend aus Fitnessarmbändern und einem Online Coach, welche die Bewegung von inaktiven Beschäftigten mit Gesundheitsrisiko fördern soll. Zusätzlich wird das Occupational Health Behavior Change (OHBC) Modell als theoretische Grundlage für Veränderungen von Gesundheitsverhalten im betrieblichen Kontext entwickelt. Das OHBC Modell verbindet ein gesundheitspsychologisches Modell mit einem Modell aus dem Bereich der Arbeits-& Organisationspsychologie und stellt die Grundlage für die beiden veröffentlichten Studien der Dissertation dar. Studie I bewertet den Effekt der Intervention auf körperliche Gesundheit und arbeitsbezogenem Wohlbefinden anhand eines randomisiert kontrollierten Studiendesigns und unter Berücksichtigung von Langzeiteffekten. Beschäftigte in der Interventionsgruppe zeigten eine Verbesserung ihrer physischen Gesundheit bis zu einem Jahr nach der Intervention, jedoch wurde kein Effekt auf arbeitsbezogenes Wohlbefinden gefunden. Studie II zeigt, dass die Schrittanzahl und die Beeinträchtigung des Wohlbefindens während der Intervention verbessert werden und beantwortet weiterführende Fragen über die Effektivität der Intervention anhand von modernen statistischen Methoden. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der beiden Studien diskutiert und dabei die Struktur des neu kreierten OHBC Modells überprüft. Insgesamt zeigt die vorliegende Dissertation, dass Fitnessarmbändern kombiniert mit einem Online Coach eine effektive Intervention darstellen, um körperliche Aktivität, physische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Beschäftigten zu fördern.Nowadays only 35% of the German population performs the recommended amount of physical activity (Robert Koch Institute, 2015). A reason for this inactivity might be that the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activities at work (e.g., brisk walking or moving heavy loads) has diminished by about 28% within the last decades (Wilke et al., 2015). To counteract this alarming development, this dissertation evaluates an mHealth intervention that aims to promote physical activity in the working environment. In particular, this intervention combines activity trackers with an online coach to promote physical activity among inactive employees at risk. Furthermore, this dissertation creates the Occupational Health Behavior Change (OHBC) model as a theoretical framework for changing health behavior within a work setting by combining a model of the health psychology with a model of the industrial and organizational psychology. The model functions as the basis for the two published studies of the dissertation. Study 1 evaluated the intervention by using a randomized controlled trial design and assessed long-term effects on employees’ physical health and work-related well-being. The results show that employees in the intervention group improved their physical health up to one year after the intervention whereas no effect was found for work-related well-being. Study 2 shows that the number of steps and impaired well-being were improved during the intervention and clarified several additional questions about the intervention’s efficacy by applying modern statistical methods. Finally, the findings of the studies were discussed and the theoretical structure of the newly created OHBC model was reviewed based on the studies’ results. Taken together, the overall findings show that combining activity trackers with an online coach constitutes an effective intervention for occupational health promotion with the aim of promoting physical activity, health and well-being among employees.
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Straub, Marcel [Verfasser], Volkmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz, and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahl. "Combined tracer distribution and background estimation for quasi-static tracer distributions in magnetic particle imaging / Marcel Straub ; Volkmar Schulz, Achim Stahl." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180392345/34.
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Cigan, Phillip Johnathan. "Neutral interstellar medium phases and star formation tracers in dwarf galaxies." Thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3718424.
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Dwarf galaxies present interesting observational challenges for the studies of various galaxy properties: despite their abundance and proximity to the Milky Way, they typically have very low surface brightnesses and small physical sizes. Until now, only the extreme variety of dwarfs — those undergoing strong bouts of star formation — have been observed in the FIR, due to observational difficulties. However, this population does not represent the majority of dwarfs, which have only moderate star formation rates and extremely low metallicity (the fraction of heavy elements to hydrogen). The advent of the Herschel Space Telescope, with its superior resolution and sensitivity over previous generations of telescopes, has made it possible to measure FIR spectral lines and broadband continuum in normal dwarf galaxies, expanding the scope of studies beyond the brighter, but more extreme, varieties.
The general goal of my research was to study the conditions in the interstellar media (ISM) of typical dwarf galaxies. The LITTLE THINGS (Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes, TheHI Nearby Galaxy Survey) project aims to unravel many mysteries of nearby dwarfs using a suite of multi-wavelength data, and the new additions from Herschel help provide insight into the physics of these systems. I reduced and analyzed FIR fine-structure spectral line data for the LITTLE THINGS sample to study the different phases of the ISM, as well as FIR photometry data to access the dust properties and infrared continuum emission in these systems. The FIR spectral lines are diagnostics for the conditions in the ISM of galaxies, telling us about heating efficiency, the fraction of gas that resides in photodissociation regions (PDRs), abundance of highly ionized gas from massive stars, and other physical descriptions. The photometric continuum observations enable the modeling of interstellar dust properties – dust plays an important role in shielding and cooling molecular clouds which form stars, as well as heating via the photoelectric effect. I also utilized neutral hydrogen data to probe the neutral medium in relation to the FIR, as well as optical and UV data to characterize star formation and the emission of starlight.
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Monroy, Becky. "Signal Processing of Exhaled CO2 as Tracer Gas in Residential Ventilation Assessment." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2105.
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Background: Indoor air contaminants generally have a greater impact on health than outdoor air contaminants, which increases the importance of a dependable, accessible, and minimally impactful method for measuring indoor air exchange rates. Objective: Evaluate the use of naturally generated CO2 as a tool to measure indoor ventilation. Methods: Indoor CO2 levels were measured over seven sample intervals in an airtight one-bedroom apartment with two residents. High frequency noise was removed from the measurements with Fourier, Kalman, LOESS, and rolling average filters. Root-mean squared errors (RMSE) between filtered and measured CO2 were calculated and compared for each sample interval and filter pair. A multivariable linear regression was used to assess differences between digital filters. Local minima and maxima were identified to calculate air exchange rates. The R statistical software was used for all data management and analysis. Results: The RMSE for all filter types had geometric standard deviations between one and two, indicating that all filters were stable across sample intervals. Results of the multivariable linear regression indicate that the RMSE of the Fourier filter were significantly lower than those of the Kalman filter with a P-value ofConclusions:The Fourier filter performed best based on visual analysis and RMSE comparisons. All filters except for the rolling average filter identified the majority of primary local minima/maxima effectively.
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Renaud, Marc-André. "Pre-calculated track Monte Carlo dose calculation engine." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121295.
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Modern treatment planning techniques such as inverse planning have increased the demand for rapid dose calculation methods to accommodate the large number of dose distributions required to generate a treatment plan. General-purpose Monte Carlo approaches for dose calculation are known to offer the highest accuracy in dose calculation at the expense of significant computing time. This work adapts a Macro Monte Carlo approach to dose calculation for electrons andprotons for use with a GPU card, using pre-generated tracks from general-purpose Monte Carlo codes. The algorithm was implemented on the CUDA framework for parallel programming on graphics cards. Comparisons of the algorithm inhomogeneous and inhomogeneous geometry with benchmark Monte Carlo codes yielded agreements within 1% in dose regions of at least 50% of Dmax and up to 3% in low dose regions. A Bragg peak positioning error of less than 1 mm was also observed. Additionally, the limited memory available in commercial graphics cards was overcome by subdividing a mother track bank residing on CPU memory into smaller samples of unique tracks. A method to quantify the latent uncertainty in dose values due to the limited size of a pre-generated track bank was developed. It was shown that the latent uncertainty follows a Poisson distribution as a function of the total number of unique tracks in the track bank. The implementation of the algorithm was found to transport particles in sub-second times per million history for every situation simulated, with speed-ups of 500-2600x for electrons over DOSXYZnrc and 2600-11500x for protons over GEANT4 depending on the particle energies and simulation media.Les techniques modernes de planification de traitement, telle que la planification inverse, ont augmenté la demande pour des méthodes rapides de calcul de dose pour accomoder le grand nombre de distributions de dose requises pour générer un plan de traitement. Les approches Monte Carlo d'usage général sont réputées pour offrir la plus haute précision au calcul de dose au détriment d'une demande plus élevée en temps de calcul. Cet oeuvre revisite une approche MonteCarlo macroscopique pour le calcul de dose avec électrons et protons en utilisant des traques pré-calculées à l'aide de codes Monte Carlo d'usage général. L'approche a été mise en oeuvre avec la plate-forme de programmation CUDA pour le programmage parallèle sur cartes graphiques. Des comparaisons de l'algorithme dans des phantômes homogènes et hétérogènes contre des codes Monte Carlo de référence ont démontré un accord de 1% et 1 mm ou mieux. En outre, les problèmes associés à la basse mémoire disponible dans les cartes graphiques commercial ont été surmontés à l'aide de la méthode de banque mère de traques pré-calculés. Une méthode pour quantifier l'incertitude latente dans les valeurs de dose dû au nombre limité de traques uniques dans la banque de traques a été développée. L'incertitude latente calculée suit une distribution de Poisson en fonction du nombre total de traques unique dans la banque de traques. Finalement, l'algorithme transporte tous les particules en moins d'une seconde pour chaque millions d'historiques dans chaque situation simulée. Un facteur d'accélération de 500-2600x pour le transport d'électrons comparé à DOSXYZnrc et 2600-11500x pour les protons comparé à GEANT4 a été observé, dépendamment de l'énergie des particules et de l'environnement dans lequel les particules sont transportées.
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Troska, Jan Kevin. "Radiation-hard optoelectronic data transfer for the CMS tracker." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313621.
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Balakrishnan, Purnima Parvathy. "Studies of optimal track-fitting techniques for the DarkLight experiment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83813.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 49).
The DarkLight experiment is searching for a dark force carrier, the A' boson, and hopes to measure its mass with a resolution of approximately 1 MeV/c 2 . This mass calculation requires precise reconstruction to turn data, in the form of hits within the detector, into a particle track with known initial momentum. This thesis investigates the appropriateness of the Billoir optimal fit to reconstruct helical, low-energy lepton tracks while accounting for multiple scattering, using two separate track parameterizations. The first method approximates the track as a piecewise concatenation of parabolas in three-dimensions, and (wrongly) assumes that the y and z components of the track are independent. When tested using simulated data, this returns a track which geometrically fits the data. However, the momentum extracted from this geometrical representation is an order of magnitude higher than the true momentum of the track. The second method approximates the track as a piecewise concatenation of helical segments. This returns a track which geometrically fits the data even better than the parabolic parameterization, but which returns a momentum which depends on the seeds to the algorithm. Some further work must be done to modify this fitting method so that it will reliably reconstruct tracks.
by Purnima Parvathy Balakrishnan.
S.B.
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Stevens, Timothy. "Rehab Tracker: Framework for Monitoring and Enhancing NMES Patient Compliance." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1001.
Full textAbstract:
We describe the development of a cyber-physical system (Rehab Tracker) for improving patient compliance with at-home physical rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy. Rehab Tracker consists of three components: 1) hardware modifications to sense and store use data from an FDA-approved NMES therapy device and provide Bluetooth communication capability, 2) an iOS-based smartphone/tablet application to receive and transmit NMES use data and serve as a conduit for patient-provider interactions and 3) a back-end server platform to receive device use data, display compliance data for provider review and provide automated positive and remedial push notifications to patients to improve compliance. This system allows for near real-time compliance monitoring via a secure web portal and offers a novel conduit for patient-provider communication during at-home rehabilitation to improve compliance. The system was tested in patients (n=5) who suffered anterior cruciate ligament rupture and surgical repair to provide proof-of-principal evidence for system functionality and an initial assessment of system usability. The system functioned as designed, recording 89% of rehabilitation sessions. Thus, Rehab Tracker is a functionally correct system with the potential to be used as a tool for studying NMES and mobile communication methodologies at scale and improving compliance with at-home rehabilitation programs.