Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tracking radar Data processing / Dissertations / Theses
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tracking radar Data processing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Filippidis, Arthur. "Multisensor data fusion." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf482.pdf.

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2

Kiefer, Jessica L. "Target Tracking Using Various Filters in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data and Imagery." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/121.

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This thesis explores the use and accuracy of several discrete-time image filters for the purpose of target tracking in Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. Both extended targets and point targets are used for tracking, showing the need for different types of filters for each target type. Monte Carlo analysis is performed on the results of the extended target filter results to determine the absolute mean-squared error between the filter prediction of the target centroid and the actual location of the target centroid. Two different filters were chosen for the extended target: Kalman and H Infinity. Both the Kalman and H Infinity filters perform tracking by accurately estimating the state of the dynamic system, and in some cases it may be useful to simulate a situation when a target temporarily disappears from radar view. The ability of both filters to predict target location with no input measurements is investigated. A unique trait of the H Infinity filter is its ability to accurately and efficiently estimate the state of a dynamic system given no information about the noise environment. To simulate more realistic targets, smaller circular and square targets are created and a sensitivity analysis is performed using the Kalman and H Infinity filters to determine the shortfalls of these filter techniques as targets become smaller and smaller. The results indicate that these tracking methods are no longer useful as the targets become so small that they approach being only a single pixel in size. A new filter called the Prediction and Matching Detection (PAMD) filter is used for single-pixel point targets. This filter illustrates the importance of having very high frame rate images with little change in velocity over consecutive frames if choosing to use the PAMD algorithm. The PAMD filter is extended to track more than one target at a time. Tracking of raw SAR data is preferred over post-processed images due to the decreased amount of processing time. The Kalman and H Infinity filters are implemented to track raw radar data during its first 3 seconds of motion in 2-dimensions by accounting for the measurements of two parameters: the squint angle and slant range. Noise is added to the measurements to simulate platform inaccuracies. The project is a continuation of prior SAR research at Cal Poly under Dr. John Saghri with the sponsorship of Raytheon Space & Airborne Systems.
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3

Jeong, Soonho Tugnait Jitendra K. "Topics in multisensor maneuvering target tracking." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/doctoral/JEONG_SOONHO_43.pdf.

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4

Brewster, Wayne Allan. "Space tether - radar data processing." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA289654.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Richard Christopher Olsen, Ralph Hippenstiel. "September 1994." Bibliography: p. 71. Also available online.
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5

Glass, John David. "Monopulse processing and tracking of maneuvering targets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53556.

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As part of the processing of tracking targets, surveillance radars detect the presence of targets and estimate their locations. This dissertation re-examines some of the often ignored practical considerations of radar tracking. With the advent of digital computers, modern radars now use sampled versions of received signals for processing. Sampling rates used in practice result in the bin-straddling phenomenon, which is often treated as an undesired loss in signal power. Here, a signal model that explicitly models the sampling process is used in the derivation of the average loglikelihood ratio test (ALLRT), and its detection performance is shown to defeat the bin-straddling losses seen in traditional radar detectors. In monopulse systems, data samples are taken from the sum and difference channels, by which a target direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimate can be formed. Using the same signal model, we derive new estimators for target range, strength, and DOA and show performance benefits over traditional monopulse techniques that are predominant in practice. Since tracking algorithms require an error variance report on target parameter estimates, we propose using the generalized Cramer-Rao lower bound (GCRLB), which is the CRLB evaluated at estimates rather than true values, as an error variance report. We demonstrate the statistical efficiency and variance consistency of the new estimators. With several parameter estimates collected over time, tracking algorithms are used to compute track state estimates and predict future locations. Using agile- beam surveillance radars with programmable energy waveforms, optimal scheduling of radar resources is a topic of interest. In this dissertation, we focus on the energy management considerations of tracking highly maneuverable aircraft. A comparison between two competing interacting multiple model (IMM) filter configurations is made, and a recently proposed unbiased mixing procedure is extended to the case of three modes. Finally, we introduce the radar management operating curve (RMOC), which shows the fundamental tradeoff in radar time and energy, to aid radar designers in the selection of an overall operating signal-to-noise level.
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6

Aygar, Alper. "Doppler Radar Data Processing And Classification." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609890/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, improving the performance of the automatic recognition of the Doppler radar targets is studied. The radar used in this study is a ground-surveillance doppler radar. Target types are car, truck, bus, tank, helicopter, moving man and running man. The input of this thesis is the output of the real doppler radar signals which are normalized and preprocessed (TRP vectors: Target Recognition Pattern vectors) in the doctorate thesis by Erdogan (2002). TRP vectors are normalized and homogenized doppler radar target signals with respect to target speed, target aspect angle and target range. Some target classes have repetitions in time in their TRPs. By the use of these repetitions, improvement of the target type classification performance is studied. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are used for doppler radar target classification and the results are evaluated. Before classification PCA (Principal Component Analysis), LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis), NMF (Nonnegative Matrix Factorization) and ICA (Independent Component Analysis) are implemented and applied to normalized doppler radar signals for feature extraction and dimension reduction in an efficient way. These techniques transform the input vectors, which are the normalized doppler radar signals, to another space. The effects of the implementation of these feature extraction algoritms and the use of the repetitions in doppler radar target signals on the doppler radar target classification performance are studied.
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7

Hulot, Carlos. "Parallel tracking systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/264882/.

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Tracking Systems provide an important analysis technique that can be used in many different areas of science. A Tracking System can be defined as the estimation of the dynamic state of moving objects based on `inaccurate’ measurements taken by sensors. The area encompasses a wide range of subjects, although the two most essential elements are estimation and data association. Tracking systems are applicable to relatively simple as well as more complex applications. These include air traffic control, ocean surveillance and control sonar tracking, military surveillance, missile guidance, physics particle experiments, global positioning systems and aerospace. This thesis describes an investigation into state-of-the-art tracking algorithms and distributed memory architectures (Multiple Instructions Multiple Data systems - “MIMD”) for parallel processing of tracking systems. The first algorithm investigated is the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) which has been shown recently to be one of the most cost-effective in its class. IMM scalability is investigated for tracking single targets in a clean environment. Next, the IMM is coupled with a well-established Bayesian data association technique known as Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) to permit the tracking of a target in different clutter environments (IMMPDA). As in the previous case, IMMPDA scalability is investigated for tracking a single target in different clutter environments. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these new parallel techniques, standard languages and parallel software systems (to provide message-passing facilities) have been used. The main objective is to demonstrate how these complex algorithms can benefit in the general case from being implemented using parallel architectures.
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8

Christiansen, Jonas Myhre. "Fully adaptive radar for detection and tracking." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587093543249087.

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9

Mota, Gilberto Ferreira. "Radar data processing using a distributed computational system." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24022.

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This research specifies and validates a new concurrent decomposition scheme, called Confined Space Search Decomposition (CSSD), to exploit parallelism of Radar Data Processing algorithms using a Distributed Computational System. To formalize the specification we propose and apply an object-oriented methodology called Decomposition Cost Evaluation Model (DCEM). To reduce the penalties of load imbalance we propose a distributed dynamic load balance heuristic called Object Reincarnation (OR). To validate the research we first compare our decomposition with an identified alternative using the proposed DCEM model and then develop a theoretical prediction of selected parameters. We also develop a simulation to check the Object Reincarnation concept.
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10

Bostanudin, Nurul Jihan Farhah. "Computational methods for processing ground penetrating radar data." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-methods-for-processing-ground-penetrating-radar-data(d519f94f-04eb-42af-a504-a4c4275d51ae).html.

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The aim of this work was to investigate signal processing and analysis techniques for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and its use in civil engineering and construction industry. GPR is the general term applied to techniques which employ radio waves, typically in the Mega Hertz and Giga Hertz range, to map structures and features buried in the ground or in manmade structures. GPR measurements can suffer from large amount of noise. This is primarily caused by interference from other radio-wave-emitting devices (e.g., cell phones, radios, etc.) that are present in the surrounding area of the GPR system during data collection. In addition to noise, presence of clutter – reflections from other non-target objects buried underground in the vicinity of the target can make GPR measurement difficult to understand and interpret, even for the skilled human, GPR analysts. This thesis is concerned with the improvements and processes that can be applied to GPR data in order to enhance target detection and characterisation process particularly with multivariate signal processing techniques. Those primarily include Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Both techniques have been investigated, implemented and compared regarding their abilities to separate the target originating signals from the noise and clutter type signals present in the data. Combination of PCA and ICA (SVDPICA) and two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) are the specific approaches adopted and further developed in this work. Ability of those methods to reduce the amount of clutter and unwanted signals present in GPR data have been investigated and reported in this thesis, suggesting that their use in automated analysis of GPR images is a possibility. Further analysis carried out in this work concentrated on analysing the performance of developed multivariate signal processing techniques and at the same time investigating the possibility of identifying and characterising the features of interest in pre-processed GPR images. The driving idea behind this part of work was to extract the resonant modes present in the individual traces of each GPR image and to use properties of those poles to characterise target. Three related but different methods have been implemented and applied in this work – Extended Prony, Linear Prediction Singular Value Decomposition and Matrix Pencil methods. In addition to these approaches, PCA technique has been used to reduce dimensionality of extracted traces and to compare signals measured in various experimental setups. Performance analysis shows that Matrix Pencil offers the best results.
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11

Romine, Jay Brent. "Fusion of radar and imaging sensor data for target tracking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13324.

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12

Dong, Weizhen. "Time Blanking for GBT Data with RADAR RFI." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd468.pdf.

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13

Vivet, Damien. "Perception de l'environnement par radar hyperfréquence. Application à la localisation et la cartographie simultanées, à la détection et au suivi d'objets mobiles en milieu extérieur." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659270.

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Dans le cadre de la robotique mobile extérieure, les notions de perception et de localisation sont essentielles au fonctionnement autonome d'un véhicule. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse sont multiples et mènent vers un but de localisation et de cartographie simultanée d'un environnement extérieur dynamique avec détection et suivi d'objet mobiles (SLAMMOT) à l'aide d'un unique capteur extéroceptif tournant de type radar dans des conditions de circulation dites "réalistes", c'est-à-dire à haute vitesse soit environ 30 km/h. Il est à noter qu'à de telles vitesses, les données acquises par un capteur tournant son corrompues par le déplacement propre du véhicule. Cette distorsion, habituellement considérée comme une perturbation, est analysée ici comme une source d'information. Cette étude vise également à évaluer les potentialités d'un capteur radar de type FMCW (onde continue modulée en fréquence) pour le fonctionnement d'un véhicule robotique autonome. Nous avons ainsi proposé différentes contributions : - une correction de la distorsion à la volée par capteurs proprioceptifs qui a conduit à une application de localisation et de cartographie simultanées (SLAM), - une méthode d'évaluation de résultats de SLAM basées segment, - une considération de la distorsion des données dans un but proprioceptif menant à une application SLAM, - un principe d'odométrie fondée sur les données Doppler propres au capteur radar, - une méthode de détection et de pistage d'objets mobiles : DATMO avec un unique radar.
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14

Vu, Viet Thuy. "Practical Consideration on Ultrawideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Processing." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2009. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/Sok/681bd71aea5abe8dc125765f00321457!OpenDocument.

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15

Neo, Yew Lam. "Digital processing algorithms for bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar data." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31451.

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The motivations for this thesis are the investigation of bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation and the development of bistatic SAR algorithms to accommodate various bistatic SAR geometries. Traditional monostatic SAR algorithms based on frequency domain methods assume a single square root (a hyperbolic) range equation. In bistatic SAR data, the range history of a target has a Double Square Root (DSR) in the range equation as both the transmitter and receiver can assume different motion trajectories. Thus, monostatic algorithms are not able to focus bistatic SAR data. The key step to many frequency based algorithms is to find an analytical solution for the spectrum of a reference point target. No simple analytical solution exists for the bistatic case because of the DSR in the range equation. Several algorithms have been developed to overcome this difficulty. These algorithms are reviewed and analyzed in this thesis to compare their processing accuracies and the type of operations they require. A solution to the two-dimensional point target spectrum based on the reversion of a power series for the general bistatic case is presented in this thesis. The accuracy of this new point target spectrum is compared with existing analytical point target spectra. Using this spectrum result, a bistatic Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA) is developed to handle the azimuth-invariant, bistatic case. In addition, the algorithm is used to focus real bistatic data acquired with two X-band SAR systems from Forschungsgesellschaft für Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (FLAN), namely the Airborne Experimental Radar II (AER-II) and the Phased Array Multifunctional Imaging Radar (PAMIR). To handle azimuth-variant cases, the Non-Linear Chirp Scaling (NLCS) algorithm is used. The original NLCS algorithm is developed to focus only short-wavelength bistatic cases with one platform moving and imaging at broadside and the other stationary. It is found that the NLCS is able to cope with the general bistatic case since it is able to handle range and azimuth-variant signals. To exploit this processing capability, the algorithm is extended further to accommodate squinted and long-wavelength bistatic cases where both platforms have dissimilar velocities and flight paths slightly non-parallel.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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16

Goulet, Dennis A., Joseph McMorrow, G. Edward Roberts, and Robert Lynch. "VESSEL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A Test Technology Development and Demonstration Project." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607390.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Vessel Traffic Management System is a cooperative effort of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center and the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, funded by the OSD's Test Technology Development and Demonstration Program. The project is establishing the capability to acquire ship tracking information from numerous sources (GPS and radar target extractors), and combine them into a comprehensive, integrated view of the range safety target area. The consolidated tracking information will be transmitted to range safety vessel personnel and presented on portable display systems to aid in clearing the surveillance area of unauthorized vessels. The communications module is media independent in that positional and image data can be routed via RF modem, cellular phone, Intranet or Internet, singly or in any combination. The software systems for data acquisition, display and control are also platform independent, with the system under development operating under WindowsNT and Windows95. Additionally, the use of Java and VRML tools permits a user to display data (including three dimensional presentations of the data) without requiring the applications software. This system has numerous applications including range safety, commercial vessel traffic management, port authority and services monitoring, and oceanographic data gathering.
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17

Sahin, Mehmet Alper. "Performance Optimization Of Monopulse Tracking Radar." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605364/index.pdf.

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An analysis and simulation tool is developed for optimizing system parameters of the monopulse target tracking radar and observing effects of the system parameters on the performance of the system over different scenarios. A monopulse tracking radar is modeled for measuring the performance of the radar with given parameters, during the thesis studies. The radar model simulates the operation of a Class IA type monopulse automatic tracking radar, which uses a planar phased array. The interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator with the Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) technique is used as the tracking filter. In addition to modeling of the tracking radar model, an optimization tool is developed to optimize system parameters of this tracking radar model. The optimization tool implements a Genetic Algorithm (GA) belonging to a GA Toolbox distributed by Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering at University of Sheffield. The thesis presents optimization results over some given optimization scenarios and concludes on effect of tracking filter parameters, beamwidth and dwell interval for the confirmed track.
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18

Blackaby, Jason M. "Simultaneous RF/EO Tracking and Characterization of Dismounts." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1212764125.

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19

Jungner, Andreas. "Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Data processing for Deformation Measurement." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199677.

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This thesis describes a first hands-on experience working with a Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) at the Institute of Geomatics in Castelldefels (Barcelona, Spain), used to exploit radar interferometry usually employed on space borne platforms. We describe the key concepts of a GB-SAR as well as the data processing procedure to obtain deformation measurements. A large part of the thesis work have been devoted to development of GB-SAR processing tools such as coherence and interferogram generation, automating the co-registration process, geocoding of GB-SAR data and the adaption of existing satellite SAR tools to GB-SAR data. Finally a series of field campaigns have been conducted to test the instrument in different environments to collect data necessary to develop GB-SAR processing tools as well as to discover capabilities and limitations of the instrument.   The key outcome of the field campaigns is that high coherence necessary to conduct interferometric measurements can be obtained with a long temporal baseline. Several factors that affect the result are discussed, such as the reflectivity of the observed scene, the image co-registration and the illuminating geometry.
Det här examensarbetet bygger på erfarenheter av arbete med en mark-baserad syntetisk apertur radar (GB-SAR) vid Geomatiska Institutet i Castelldefels (Barcelona, Spanien). SAR tekniken tillåter radar interferometri som är en vanligt förekommande teknik både på satellit och flygburna platformar. Det här arbetet beskriver instrumentets tekniska egenskaper samt behandlingen av data for att uppmäta deformationer. En stor del av arbetet har ägnats åt utveckling av GB-SAR data applikationer som koherens och interferogram beräkning, automatisering av bild matchning med skript, geokodning av GB-SAR data samt anpassning av befintliga SAR program till GB-SAR data. Slutligen har mätningar gjorts i fält for att samla in data nödvändiga for GB-SAR applikations utvecklingen samt få erfarenhet av instrumentets egenskaper och begränsningar.   Huvudresultatet av fältmätningarna är att hög koherens nödvändig för interferometriska mätningar går att uppnå med relativ lång tid mellan mätepokerna. Flera faktorer som påverkar resultatet diskuteras, som det observerade områdets reflektivitet, radar bild matchningen och den illuminerande geometrin.
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Geladakis, Dimitrios N. "Comparison of the step frequency radar with the conventional constant frequency radars." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA328272.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
"December 1996." Thesis advisor(s): Gurnam S. Gill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45). Also available online.
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21

Obolensky, Nicolas. "Kalman filtering methods for moving vehicle tracking." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001174.

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22

Kharbouch, Mohamed M. "Some investigations of multiple target tracking." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290997.

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Preussner, Jonathan J. "Multiple target tracker and human classifier for radar application." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009821.

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24

Andersson, Martin. "Peer-to-peer supercomputing: de-centalized data tracking and processing." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95352.

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25

Fournier, John, and Arthur Sullivan. "Addition of Video to Telemetry Tracking System Upgrades Spatial Data to Radar-Quality." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615033.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1988 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
Traditionally telemetry trackers have not been required to provide precision space-position data. Such data, when needed, has required expensive radar or optical support. Currently, an increasing number of flight test operations have need of precision spatial data, in conjunction with telemetry data reception, in areas where no radar or optical support is available. To meet this need, EMP has carefully combined existing technologies to upgrade the angle output data accuracy of telemetry trackers to the level expected of precision radars. A TV Boresight Camera and video Tracking Error Detector combined with the EMP Model ACU-6 microprocessor-based Antenna Control Unit provide the means to automatically measure and store all of the systematic bias errors inherent in a telemetry tracking system. The resulting error model is used to provide real-time-data-correction for each error parameter. Video tracking provides correction for dynamic tracking errors in real time. Calibrations utilize boresight and stellar targets. The design goal to reduce dynamic angle data error to <10 arc seconds, RMS, appears to be reasonable.
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Trailović, Lidija. "Ranking and optimization of target tracking algorithms." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3074810.

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27

Bagnolini, Nicola. "Tracking di target multipli in reti di sensori radar." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7008/.

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Viene proposta una possibile soluzione al problema del tracking multitarget, tramite una rete di sensori radar basata su tecnoligia ultra wide-band. L'area sorvegliata ha una superficie pari a 100 metri quadri e all'interno di essa si vuole tracciare la traiettoria di più persone.
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Eliasson, Emanuel. "Fusing Laser and Radar Data for Enhanced Situation Awareness." Thesis, Linköping University, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57928.

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With an increasing traffic intensity the demands on vehicular safety is higher than ever before. Active safety systems that have been developed recent years are a response to that. In this master thesis Sensor Fusion is used to combine information from a laser scanner and a microwave radar in order to get more information about the surroundings in front of a vehicle. The Extended Kalman Filter method has been used to fuse the information from the sensors. The process model consists partly of a Constant Turn model to describe the motion of the ego vehicle as well as a tracked object. These individual motions are then put together in a framework for spatial relationships to describe the relationship between them. Two measurement models have been used to describe the two sensors. They have been derived from a general sensor model. This filter approach has been used to estimate the position and orientation of an object relative the ego vehicle. Also velocity, yaw rate and the width of the object have been estimated. The filter has been implemented and simulated in Matlab. The data that has been recorded and used in this work is coming from a scenario where the ego vehicle is following an object in a quite straight line. Where the ego vehicle is a truck and the object is a bus. One important conclusion from this work is that the filter is sensitive to the number of laser beams that hits the object of interest. No qualitative validation has been made though.

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Agirnas, Emre. "Multi-scan Data Association Algorithm For Multitarget Tracking." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605646/index.pdf.

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Data association problem for multitarget tracking is determination of the relationship between targets and the incoming measurements from sensors of the target tracking system. Performance of a multitarget tracking system is strongly related to the chosen method for data association and target tracking algorithm. Incorrect data association effects state estimation of targets. In this thesis, we propose a new multi-scan data association algorithm for multitarget tracking systems. This algorithm was implemented by using MATLAB programming tool. Performances of the new algorithm and JPDA method for multiple targets tracking are compared. During simulations linear models are used and the uncertainties in the sensor and motion models are modeled by Gaussian density. Simulation results are presented. Results show that the new algorithm'
s performance is better than that of JPDA method. Moreover, a survey over target tracking literature is presented including basics of multitarget tracking systems and existing data association methods.
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Singh, Abhijeet. "Weather Radar-Based Terrain Referenced Navigation and Integrity Monitoring Using Image Processing and Tracking Techniques." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1195164741.

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Ribeiro, Alvaro John. "SuperDARN Data Simulation, Processing, Access, and Use in Analysis of Mid-latitude Convection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24469.

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Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) data is a powerful tool for space science research. Traditionally this data has been processed using a routine with known limitations. A large issue preventing the development and implementation of new processing algorithms was the lack of a realistic test dataset. We have implemented a robust data simulator based on physical principles which is presented in Chapter 2. The simulator is able to generate SuperDARN data with realistic statistical fluctuations and known input Doppler velocity and spectral width. Using the simulator to generate a test data set, we was able to test new algorithms for processing SuperDARN data. The algorithms which were tested included the traditional method (FITACF), a new approach using the bisection method (FITEX2), and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear curve fitting (LMFIT). FITACF is found to have problems when processing data with high (> 1~km/s) Doppler velocity, and is outperformed by both FITEX2 and LMFIT. LMFIT is found to produce slightly better fitting results than FITEX2, and is thus my recommendation to be the standard SuperDARN data fitting algorithm. The construction of the new midlatitude SuperDARN chain has revealed that nighttime, quiet-time plasma irregularities with low Doppler velocity and spectral width are a very common (> 50% of nights) occurrence. Following on previous work, we have conducted a study of nighttime midlatitude convection using SuperDARN data. First, the data are processed into convection patterns, and the results are presented. The drifts are mainly zonal and westward throughout the night. The plasma drifts also display significant seasonal variability. Additionally, a large latitudinal gradient is observed in the zonal velocity during the winter months. This is attributed to processes in the conjugate hemisphere, and possible causes are discussed. During my graduate studies, we have been part of the development of a software package for enabling and accelerating space science research known as DaViTpy. This software package is completely free and open source. It allows access to several different space science datasets through a single simple interface, without having to write any code for reading data files. It also incorporates several space science models in a single install. The software package represents a paradigm shift in the space science community, and is presented in Appendix A.
Ph. D.
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Singh, Mahendra, Stuart McNamee, Rick Navarro, Amy Fleishans, Louie Garcia, and Allen Khosrowabadi. "IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE OBJECT TRACKING RADAR WITH INTEGRATED GPS/INS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608266.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California
A novel approach combines GPS receiver technology with micro-electromechanical inertial sensors to improve performance of single object tracking radar. The approach enhances range safety by integrating an airborne Global Positioning System/Inertial Movement Unit (GPS/IMU) with a C-band transponder to downlink time-space-position information (TSPI) via FPS-16 instrumentation radar. This improves current telemetry links and the Range Application Joint Program Office (RAJPO) data link for downlinking TSPI because of the inherent long-range advantage of the radar. The goal of the project is to provide distance independent accuracy, and to demonstrate continuous 15-meter or better position accuracy over the entire flight envelope out to slant ranges up to 1,000 Km with at least 50 updates per second. This improves safety coverage for the wide area flight testing. It provides risk reduction for the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards Air Force Base, California and other ranges planning TSPI system upgrades.
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Kazemisaber, Mohammadreza. "Clutter Removal in Single Radar Sensor Reflection Data via Digital Signal Processing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99874.

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Due to recent improvements, robots are more applicable in factories and various production lines where smoke, fog, dust, and steam are inevitable. Despite their advantages, robots introduce new safety requirements when combined with humans. Radars can play a crucial role in this context by providing safe zones where robots are operating in the absence of humans. The goal of this Master’s thesis is to investigate different clutter suppression methods for single radar sensor reflection data via digital signal processing. This was done in collaboration with ABB Jokab AB, Sweden. The calculations and implementation of the digital signal processing algorithms are made with Octave. A critical problem is false detection that could possibly cause irreparable damage. Therefore, a safety system with an extremely low false alarm rate is desired to reduce costs and damages. In this project, we have studied four different digital low pass filters: moving average, multiple-pass moving average, Butterworth, and window-based filters. The results are compared, and it is ascertained that all the results are logically compatible, broadly comparable, and usable in this context.
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Zhao, Xiaoyun. "Road network and GPS tracking with data processing and quality assessment." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17354.

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GPS technology has been embedded into portable, low-cost electronic devices nowadays to track the movements of mobile objects. This implication has greatly impacted the transportation field by creating a novel and rich source of traffic data on the road network. Although the promise offered by GPS devices to overcome problems like underreporting, respondent fatigue, inaccuracies and other human errors in data collection is significant; the technology is still relatively new that it raises many issues for potential users. These issues tend to revolve around the following areas: reliability, data processing and the related application. This thesis aims to study the GPS tracking form the methodological, technical and practical aspects. It first evaluates the reliability of GPS based traffic data based on data from an experiment containing three different traffic modes (car, bike and bus) traveling along the road network. It then outline the general procedure for processing GPS tracking data and discuss related issues that are uncovered by using real-world GPS tracking data of 316 cars. Thirdly, it investigates the influence of road network density in finding optimal location for enhancing travel efficiency and decreasing travel cost. The results show that the geographical positioning is reliable. Velocity is slightly underestimated, whereas altitude measurements are unreliable.Post processing techniques with auxiliary information is found necessary and important when solving the inaccuracy of GPS data. The densities of the road network influence the finding of optimal locations. The influence will stabilize at a certain level and do not deteriorate when the node density is higher.
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Payne, Timothy Myles. "Remote detection using fused data /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3465.pdf.

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Wang, Fengzhen. "Neural networks for data fusion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30179.pdf.

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Apte, Madhav Vasudeo 1958. "Software modification and implementation for, and analysis of, lidar data." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276696.

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The software system to process integrated slant path lidar data has been debugged, modified, documented, and improved in reliability and user-friendliness. The substantial data set acquired since 1979 has been processed and a large body of results has been generated. A database has been implemented to store, organize, and access the results. The lidar data set results--the S ratios, the optical depths, and the mixing layer heights are presented. The seasonal dependence of the lidar solution parameters has been explored. The assumptions made in the lidar solution procedure are investigated. The sensitivity of the S ratio and the particulate extinction coefficient to the system calibration constant is examined. The reliability of the calibration constant is demonstrated by examining the particulate to Rayleigh extinction ratio values above the mixing layer.
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Meyer, Vera. "Thunderstorm Tracking and Monitoring on the Basis of Three Dimensional Lightning Data and Conventional and Polarimetric Radar Data." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-121025.

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Conte, Armond S. II. "Censoring and Fusion in Non-linear Distributed Tracking Systems with Application to 2D Radar." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4068.

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The objective of this research is to study various methods for censoring state estimate updates generated from radar measurements. The generated 2-D radar data are sent to a fusion center using the J-Divergence metric as the means to assess the quality of the data. Three different distributed sensor network architectures are considered which include different levels of feedback. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Gaussian Particle Filter (GPF) were used in order to test the censoring methods in scenarios which vary in their degrees of non-linearity. A derivation for the direct calculation of the J-Divergence using a particle filter is provided. Results show that state estimate updates can be censored using the J-Divergence as a metric controlled via feedback, with higher J-Divergence thresholds leading to a larger covariance at the fusion center.
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Huang, Yue. "Tomographic processing of polarimetric and interferometric SAR data for urban and forestry remote sensing." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S075.

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This dissertation addresses the tomographic processing of Multi-Baseline Polarimetric and Interferometric SAR (MB-PolInSAR) data for urban and forestry remote sensing applications as well as for the characterization of objects embedded in natural environments. Diverse MB-PolInSAR signal models are rigorously formulated with statistical properties of the observed scattering responses. Weighted subspace fitting (WSF) methods are proposed to adaptively deal with different scattering natures. Based on noise subspace fitting, a polarimetric adaptive estimator and its efficient solution are developed. A method based on autofocus is developed to automatically correct interferometric phase errors due to baseline fluctuations and enhances the tomographic focusing. L-Band dual-baseline PolInSAR data over urban areas are used to illustrate the effectiveness of both polarimetric adaptive estimator and automatic phase correction method. Regarding forestry remote sensing, a novel hybrid tomographic approach is proposed in the frame of biomass estimation study. The application of this approach to P-Band MB-PolInSAR data demonstrates that tropical forest heights and the underlying ground topography can be accurately estimated. WSF methods are incorporated in a novel approach that separates the response of objects embedded in forests from surrounding environments. Its performance is demonstrated using simulated and real L-band data
Cette thèse aborde le traitement tomographique de données SAR polarimétriques et interférométrique (PolInSAR) pour la télédétection d’environnements urbains et forestiers, ainsi que pour la caractérisation d’objets intégrés dans des milieux volumiques. Divers modèles de données MB-PolInSAR sont rigoureusement formalisés en considérant les propriétés statistiques de réponses de diffuseurs. Les méthodes à sous-espaces sont proposées pour adaptativement traiter des diffuseurs de différentes natures. Basé sur l’étude du sous-espace du bruit, un estimateur polarimétrique est développé ainsi qu’une solution analytique qui permet de réduire très fortement la complexité de calcul. Une méthode basée sur l’autofocalisation est développée pour corriger automatiquement les erreurs de phases interférométriques dues à des fluctuations de trajectoires de vol et puis améliorer la focalisation tomographique. Les données acquises en bande L en configuration dual-base entièrement polarimétrique sont utilisées pour illustrer l’efficacité de l’estimateur adaptatif polarimetrique et la méthode de la correction automatique de phase dans le cadre de l’étude d’environnements urbains. Pour la télédetection forestière, une approche tomographique hybride est proposée afin d’estimer la biomasse. En utilisant des données MB-PolInSAR en bande P, la hauteur des forêts tropicales et la topographie du terrain sous-jacent sont précisément estimés par l’approche hybride proposée. Les méthodes en sous-espaces sont insérées dans une nouvelle approche de détection d’objets intégrés dans des milieux volumiques qui permet de séparer la réponse d’un objet de l’environnement qui l’entoure. Sa performance est demontrée en utilisant des données simulées et d’autres acquises en bande L
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BRUHNS, THOMAS VICTOR. "HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FOR A COMPUTER CONTROLLED LIDAR SYSTEM." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188042.

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The hardware and software for a computer controlled optical radar, or lidar, system are described. The system builds on a previously installed pulsed ruby backscatter lidar, capable of acquiring data at controlled azimuth and elevation angles through the atmosphere. The described system replaces hardwired logic with computer control. Two coupled computers are used to allow a degree of real time control while data are processed. One of these computers reads and controls mount elevation angle, reads the laser energy monitor, and senses firing of the laser. The other computer serves as a user interface, and receives the lidar return data from a digitizer and memory, and the angle and energy information from the other computer. The second computer also outputs data to a disc drive. The software provided with the system is described, and the feasibility of additional software for both control and data processing is explored. Particular attention is given to data integrity and instrument and computer operation in the presence of the high energy pulses used to drive the laser. A previously described laser energy monitor has been improved to isolate it from laser transients. Mount elevation angles are monitored with an absolute angle readout. As a troubleshooting aid, a simulator with an output that approximates the lidar receiver output was developed. Its output is digitally generated and provides a known repetitive signal. Operating procedures are described for standard data acquisition, and troubleshooting is outlined. The system can be used by a relatively inexperienced operator; English sentences are displayed on the system console CRT terminal to lead the operator through data acquisition once the system hardware is turned on. A brief synopsis of data acquired on the system is given. Those data are used as the basis of other referenced papers. It constitutes soundings for over one hundred days. One high point has been operation of the system in conjunction with a balloon borne atmospheric particulate sampling package. The system has also been used occasionally as the transmitter of a lidar system with physically separated receiver and transmitter.
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Tobias, Martin. "Probability Hypothesis Densities for Multitarget, Multisensor Tracking with Application to Passive Radar." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10514.

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The probability hypothesis density (PHD), popularized by Ronald Mahler, presents a novel and theoretically-rigorous approach to multitarget, multisensor tracking. Based on random set theory, the PHD is the first moment of a point process of a random track set, and it can be propagated by Bayesian prediction and observation equations to form a multitarget, multisensor tracking filter. The advantage of the PHD filter lies in its ability to estimate automatically the expected number of targets present, to fuse easily different kinds of data observations, and to locate targets without performing any explicit report-to-track association. We apply a particle-filter implementation of the PHD filter to realistic multitarget, multisensor tracking using passive coherent location (PCL) systems that exploit illuminators of opportunity such as FM radio stations. The objective of this dissertation is to enhance the usefulness of the PHD particle filter for multitarget, multisensor tracking, in general, and within the context of PCL, in particular. This involves a number of thrusts, including: 1) devising intelligent proposal densities for particle placement, 2) devising a peak-extraction algorithm for extracting information from the PHD, 3) incorporating realistic probabilities of detection and signal-to-noise ratios (including multipath effects) to model realistic PCL scenarios, 4) using range, Doppler, and direction of arrival (DOA) observations to test the target detection and data fusion capabilities of the PHD filter, and 5) clarifying the concepts behind FISST and the PHD to make them more accessible to the practicing engineer. A goal of this dissertation is to serve as a tutorial for anyone interested in becoming familiar with the probability hypothesis density and associated PHD particle filter. It is hoped that, after reading this thesis, the reader will have gained a clearer understanding of the PHD and the functionality and effectiveness of the PHD particle filter.
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Booth, Adam David. "Acquisition and Processing of Three-Dimensional, Multi-Offset Archaeological Ground Penetrating Radar Data." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494128.

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44

Sengodan, Anand. "The SIMCA algorithm for processing ground penetrating radar data and its practical applications." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4177/.

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The main objective of this thesis is to present a new image processing technique to improve the detectability of buried objects such as landmines using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The main challenge of GPR based landmine detection is to have an accurate image analysis method that is capable of reducing false alarms. However an accurate image relies on having sufficient spatial resolution in the received signal. An Antipersonnel mine (APM) can have a diameter as little as 2cm, whereas many soils have very high attenuation at frequencies above 450 MHz. In order to solve the detection problem, a system level analysis of the issues involved with the recognition of landmines using image reconstruction is required. The thesis illustrates the development of a novel technique called the SIMCA (“SIMulated Correlation Algorithm”) based on area or volume correlation between the trace that would be returned by an ideal point reflector in the soil conditions at the site (obtained using the realistic simulation of Maxwell’s equations) and the actual trace. During an initialization phase, SIMCA carries out radar simulation using the system parameters of the radar and the soil properties. Then SIMCA takes the raw data as the radar is scanned over the ground and uses a clutter removal technique to remove various unwanted signals of clutter such as cross talk, initial ground reflection and antenna ringing. The trace which would be returned by a target under these conditions is then used to form a correlation kernel using a GPR simulator. The 2D GPR scan (B scan), formed by abutting successive time-amplitude plots taken from different spatial positions as column vectors,is then correlated with the kernel using the Pearson correlation coefficient resulting in a correlated image which is brightest at points most similar to the canonical target. This image is then raised to an odd power >2 to enhance the target/background separation. The first part of the thesis presents a 2-dimensional technique using the B scans which have been produced as a result of correlating the clutter removed radargram (’B scan’) with the kernel produced from the simulation. In order to validate the SIMCA 2D algorithm, qualitative evidence was used where comparison was made between the B scans produced by the SIMCA algorithm with B scans from some other techniques which are the best alternative systems reported in the open literature. It was found from this that the SIMCA algorithm clearly produces clearer B scans in comparison to the other techniques. Next quantitative evidence was used to validate the SIMCA algorithm and demonstrate that it produced clear images. Two methods are used to obtain this quantitative evidence. In the first method an expert GPR user and 4 other general users are used to predict the location of landmines from the correlated B scans and validate the SIMCA 2D algorithm. Here human users are asked to indicate the location of targets from a printed sheet of paper which shows the correlated B scans produced by the SIMCA algorithm after some training, bearing in mind that it is a blind test. For the second quantitative evidence method, the AMIRA software is used to obtain values of the burial depth and position of the target in the x direction and hence validate the SIMCA 2D algorithm. Then the absolute error values for the burial depth along with the absolute error values for the position in the x direction obtained from the SIMCA algorithm and the Scheers et al’s algorithm when compared to the corresponding ground truth values were calculated. Two-dimensional techniques that use B scans do not give accurate information on the shape and dimensions of the buried target, in comparison to 3D techniques that use 3D data (’C scans’). As a result the next part of the thesis presents a 3-dimensional technique. The equivalent 3D kernel is formed by rotating the 2D kernel produced by the simulation along the polar co-ordinates, whilst the 3D data is the clutter removed C scan. Then volume correlation is performed between the intersecting parts of the kernel and the data. This data is used to create iso-surfaces of the slices raised to an odd power > 2. To validate the algorithm an objective validation process which compares the actual target volume to that produced by the re-construction process is used. The SIMCA 3D technique and the Scheers et al’s (the best alternative system reported in the open literature) technique are used to image a variety of landmines using GPR scans. The types of mines included plastic, wooden and glass ones. In all cases clear images were obtained with SIMCA. In contrast Scheers’ algorithm, the present state-of-the-art, failed to provide clear images of non metallic landmines. For this thesis, the above algorithms have been tested for landmine data and for locating foundations in demolished buildings and to validate and demonstrate that the SIMCA algorithms are better than existing technologies such as the Scheers et al’s method and the REFLEXW commercial software.
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Ma, Ruijin. "Building model reconstruction from lidar data and aerial photographs /." Ann Arbor : UMI Dissertation Services, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104114425.

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46

Čirkić, Mirsad. "Modular General-Purpose Data Filtering for Tracking." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14917.

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In nearly allmodern tracking systems, signal processing is an important part with state estimation as the fundamental component. To evaluate and to reassess different tracking systems in an affordable way, simulations that are in accordance with reality are largely used. Simulation software that is composed of many different simulating modules, such as high level architecture (HLA) standardized software, is capable of simulating very realistic data and scenarios. A modular and general-purpose state estimation functionality for filtering provides a profound basis for simulating most modern tracking systems, which in this thesis work is precisely what is created and implemented in an HLA-framework. Some of the most widely used estimators, the iterated Schmidt extended Kalman filter, the scaled unscented Kalman filter, and the particle filter, are chosen to form a toolbox of such functionality. An indeed expandable toolbox that offers both unique and general features of each respective filter is designed and implemented, which can be utilized in not only tracking applications but in any application that is in need of fundamental state estimation. In order to prepare the user to make full use of this toolbox, the filters’ methods are described thoroughly, some of which are modified with adjustments that have been discovered in the process. Furthermore, to utilize these filters easily for the sake of user-friendliness, a linear algebraic shell is created, which has very straight-forward matrix handling and uses BOOST UBLAS as the underlying numerical library. It is used for the implementation of the filters in C++, which provides a very independent and portable code.
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Cirkic, Mirsad. "Modular General-Purpose Data Filtering for Tracking." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14917.

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In nearly allmodern tracking systems, signal processing is an important part with state estimation as the fundamental component. To evaluate and to reassess different tracking systems in an affordable way, simulations that are in accordance with reality are largely used. Simulation software that is composed of many different simulating modules, such as high level architecture (HLA) standardized software, is capable of simulating very realistic data and scenarios.

A modular and general-purpose state estimation functionality for filtering provides a profound basis for simulating most modern tracking systems, which in this thesis work is precisely what is created and implemented in an HLA-framework. Some of the most widely used estimators, the iterated Schmidt extended Kalman filter, the scaled unscented Kalman filter, and the particle filter, are chosen to form a toolbox of such functionality. An indeed expandable toolbox that offers both unique and general features of each respective filter is designed and implemented, which can be utilized in not only tracking applications but in any application that is in need of fundamental state estimation. In order to prepare the user to make full use of this toolbox, the filters’ methods are described thoroughly, some of which are modified with adjustments that have been discovered in the process.

Furthermore, to utilize these filters easily for the sake of user-friendliness, a linear algebraic shell is created, which has very straight-forward matrix handling and uses BOOST UBLAS as the underlying numerical library. It is used for the implementation of the filters in C++, which provides a very independent and portable code.

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Bystam, Fredrik. "Improving motion tracking using gyroscope data in Augmented Reality applications." Thesis, KTH, Datorseende och robotik, CVAP, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166186.

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As commissioned by Bontouch AB, this project contains the attempt to create an Augmented Reality application for smartphones, where a parcel is visualised in order for a user to get a comprehensive image of the parcel size. The main focus of the project was to create an eectively running en- gine that can process images for computer vision, in order to determine the pose of the smartphone camera. The experi- ment explored the possibilities of using gyroscope measure- ments between input images in order to formulate valid as- sumptions of upcoming images using homographies. These assumptions were meant to unburden the computer vision engine, creating very high performance. The ultimate goal of the engine was to track the motion of a known reference object in the image, with high precision. The proposed method performed adequately, improving reliability of the motion tracking algorithms. The resulting mobile application, run on an iPhone 5S, could perform camera pose estimation at up to 60 times per second, at a video camera feed resolution of 1280x720 pixels. This high performance resulted in a very stable rendition of the parcel.
Som ett uppdrag från Bontouch AB innehåller det här pro- jektet ett försök att skapa en Augmented Reality-applikation för smartphones, där postpaket ska visualiseras för att ge användare en förstärkt bild av paketets storlek. Huvudfo- kus i projektet var att bygga en eektiv motor som kan behandla bilder för datorseende, för att beräkna positionen och riktningen på mobilkameran. Experimentet utforskade möjligheterna för att använda gyroskopdata mellan bilder för att formulera giltiga antaganden hos kommande bilder med hjälp av homografier. Dessa antaganden vad ämna- de att avlasta motorn för datorseende, för att åstadkomma hög prestanda. Målet var att motorn skulle följa rörelsen hos ett givet referensobjekt i bilden, och att göra det med hög precision. Den föreslagna metoden presterade tillräckligt, och för- bättrade pålitligheten hos algoritmerna för att följa objek- tets rörelser. Mobilapplikationen som byggdes, och kördes på iPhone 5S, kunde beräkna kamerans position of riktning upp till 60 gånger per sekund, när videokameran försåg mo- torn med bilder med 1280x720 pixlars upplösning. Den höga prestandan resulterade i en väldigt stabil bild av paketet.
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Filiberti, Daniel Paul. "Combined Spatial-Spectral Processing of Multisource Data Using Thematic Content." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1066%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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50

Park, Man-Woo. "Automated 3D vision-based tracking of construction entities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45782.

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In construction sites, tracking project-related entities such as construction equipment, materials, and personnel provides useful information for productivity measurement, progress monitoring, on-site safety enhancement, and activity sequence analysis. Radio frequency technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) are commonly used for this purpose. However, on large-scale congested sites, deploying, maintaining and removing such systems can be costly and time-consuming because radio frequency technologies require tagging each entity to track. In addition, privacy issues can arise from tagging construction workers, which often limits the usability of these technologies on construction sites. A vision-based approach that can track moving objects in camera views can resolve these problems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the vision-based tracking system that holds promise to overcome the limitations of existing radio frequency technologies for large-scale, congested sites. The proposed method use videos from static cameras. Stereo camera system is employed for tracking of construction entities in 3D. Once the cameras are fixed on the site, intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters are discovered through camera calibration. The method automatically detects and tracks interested objects such as workers and equipment in each camera view, which generates 2D pixel coordinates of tracked objects. The 2D pixel coordinates are converted to 3D real-world coordinates based on calibration. The method proposed in this research was implemented in .NET Framework 4.0 environment, and tested on the real videos of construction sites. The test results indicated that the methods could locate construction entities with accuracy comparable to GPS.
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