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1
DIDMANIDZE, OTARI N., SERGEY N. DEVYANIN, EKATERINA Р. PARLYUK, and VLADIMIR A. MARKOV. "POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA." Agricultural engineering, no. 2 (2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-2-4-8.
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Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.
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Okunev, G. A., and N. A. Kuznetsov. "Aspects of the development of the type of tractors and trends in the technical re-equipment of production units of various types." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66888.
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Domestic and neighboring countries industry produce wheel and tracked tractors, which differ from each other by various parameters. The variety of general-purpose tractors offered on the market puts producers in the forefront of the choice of acquiring equipment to perform a set of technological operations. A comparative evaluation of the use of wheeled and caterpillar tractors of various traction classes on basic technological operations showed an increase in operating costs per unit of work performed with increasing parameters of tractors, especially wheeled propellers. The use of wheel tractors of high traction classes is accompanied by an increased specific pressure on the soil even on twin tires due to the increase in track width. Use of wheeled tractors with a power of over 350 hp on transport works is not advisable. This reduces the annual load and further increases the cost of performing technological operations. As a result, the competitiveness of a caterpillar tractor of high traction classes is substantially increasing. The wheel tractor is suitable only for maneuvering over long distances. As a result of the reform of agricultural production, a multi-fold system of economic activities of enterprises has developed. Along with large holdings and production units on the basis of former collective and state farms, a considerable proportion is made up of farm households. As a general-purpose tractor for farming a wheel-driven machine with engine power of 150-200 hp is used. A tractor of the MTZ-80 type is needed to perform auxiliary works to ensure the operation of the main unit. The tractors park of the large grain enterprises consists of high-performance wheeled vehicles of class 6-8, as well as class 3-4 tractors on wheels for auxiliary work. The bulk of the land in processing in the region is accounted by enterprises formed on the basis of former state farms and collective farms. These are diversified economies of grain and livestock farming. Multisectoral production allows to form a more developed structure of sown areas due to the cultivation of different cultures. To perform a set of works in these farms caterpillar tractors of class 4-5 and wheeled tractors of general purpose of class 3-4 are needed.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Research results on expanding the conditions for the use of tractor-transport units on slope surfaces." АгроЭкоИнфо 3, no. 45 (May 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20213301.
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At present, in the Amur Region, there is a further increase in sown areas due to the introduction of slope lands into circulation, on which there is the possibility of cultivating agricultural crops. As a rule, such plots are assigned to small peasant farms, which use them mainly to create a fodder base for the livestock industry. At the same time, the main problem remains the complexity of the delivery of goods over rough terrain due to the presence in organizations mainly of wheeled monoblock tractors of traction class 1.4-2, in which, when driving on sloping surfaces, the traction and coupling properties declared the manufacturing plant. The presented article presents the results of studies to improve the traction and coupling properties of tractor-transport units (TTA) by installing an additional device that allows you to adjust the coupling weight in the chassis of the unit when driving in fields with a significant slope angle. Keywords: TRACTOR, TRACTION-COUPLING PROPERTIES, ENERGY MEANS, SOIL, SURFACE, COUPLING WEIGHT
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Tajanowskij, Georgij, Wojciech Tanaś, and Mariusz Szymanek. "On Changes in Concept and General Composition of Agricultural Tractors." Agricultural Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2019-0018.
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AbstractConclusions on the analysis of the state of development in the tractor industry are formulated, aspects of the forecasting concept of transformation, general layout solutions and the theory of promising tractor units with new propulsion systems are considered, a general approach to the pre-design substantiation of new generation tractors is presented.
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Lachuga, Yu F., A. Yu Izmailov, Ya P. Lobachevsky, A. S. Dorokhov, and V. A. Samsonov. "Priority areas of scientific and technical development of the domestic tractor industry." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-2-2-7.
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It is shown that the level of provision with tractors and energy supply of agricultural production in Russia is significantly lower than those in developed countries. It was found that the current annual level of purchase of tractors does not allow compensating for their disposal. Domestic production of tractors is significantly inferior to their import and the number of tractors to be assembled of tractor sets delivered from foreign countries on the territory of the Russian Federation. The theory of tractors with second-generation internal combustion engines is proposed, which makes it possible to create energy-intensive tractors with higher efficiency indicators.
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Belyy, I. F., and I. A. Bogdanova. "Noise in cab of a crawler agricultural tractor." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 10 (October 15, 2016): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66245.
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The working conditions of operator are considered as one of the most important indicators of technical level of a machine and its competitiveness in agricultural machinery market. The article presents the measuring data of noise level on operator workplace, based on the results of long-term tests of crawler agricultural tractors of 3 drawbar category for general purposes. Measurements of noise level in tractor cabs were carried out according to the requirements of state standards when performing the main type of works, namely the stubble tillage after harvesting of spiked cereals. Tractors produced by Volgograd tractor plant in 1993-2000 conformed to the sanitary regulations of tractors’ and agricultural machines' technology and had the noise level about 78-80 dBA. Subsequent upgrading of crawler tractor’s cab led to worsening of work conditions in respect of noise. Noise level in cab of the Agromash-90TG 1040А tractor produced by Volgograd tractor plant in 2012-2015 reached 88-90 dBA. The analysis of the results of measurement of noise levels allows to make a conclusion that the main noise source in upgraded cab is the exhaust tube of engine. The construction of cab does not protect the operator against the noise of engine. Furthermore, the use of microclimate normalization system in cab of the Agromash-90TG tractor does not provide the reduction in air temperature to a comfortable level of 24-27 degrees C. Test results revealed that working conditions on the new tractor do not conform to the requirements of standards. Specialists of tractor industry organizing a new production of crawler agricultural tractors should take into account the previous experience of engineering developments in Volgograd tractor plant and results of state tests of tractors.
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Verma, Renu. "A Study on Factors Influencing Buying Behavior of Tractor Customers in Banswara District of Rajasthan." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 3 (April 9, 2012): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i3.119.
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Agricultural growth depends primarily on two main factors - institutional factors and technical factors. Institutional reforms or factors include land reform, tenancy  reforms and  institutional  credit reforms etc.  Technical factors emphasize  using agricultural inputs like high yielding variety seeds, fertilizers and mechanization of agriculture. As far as the mechanization of agriculture is concerned, tractor is one of the most important equipments used for farming. Major manufacturers of the tractors in India are – Eicher , Escorts, Ford, Indo Farm, HMT, Mahindra & Mahindrara, New Holland, Punjab Tractors , Sonalika, Tafe etc.The following table is showing the size of the tractor industry in India
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Starostin, Ivan Aleksandrovich, and Mikhail Gennadievich Zagoruyko. "Material and technical base of agriculture: availability of tractors and the state of tractor construction." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 27, 2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i10pp126-130.
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One of the main factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural production, timing and quality of agricultural work is the availability of equipment. Among all the variety of agricultural machines, tractors are of key importance. The measures taken by the state to support technical modernization contribute to the partial renewal of the tractor fleet of agricultural organizations, but do not allow to stop the process of its reduction. The existing volumes of purchasing tractors are not enough to radically change the situation. The fleet of agricultural tractors continues to decrease and along with it, the indicators of tractor availability are decreasing, which negatively affects the quality and timing of agricultural work. In terms of availability of agricultural tractors, Russia lags far behind the majority of both developed and developing countries in the world. The growing load on tractors and their high average age lead to violations of agricultural deadlines, increased downtime of equipment, additional material and technical costs for repairs, increased consumption of fuel and lubricants, seeds, fertilizers, etc. In the domestic tractor industry, a difficult situation also remains. The existing nomenclature and production volumes of domestic tractor-building enterprises do not allow to meet the needs of agriculture. There is practically no production of crawler tractors, specialized tractors for gardening and viticulture. In this regard, there is a high dependence on the supply of imported tractors. Despite the significant decline in machinery output in recent years, the Republic of Belarus remains a leader in the production and import of agricultural tractors to Russia and the CIS countries.
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Golikov, V. A., A. S. Usmanov, and A. S. Rzaliyev. "Analysis of structure of machine and tractor fleet in the Republic of Kazakhstan and development prospects of agricultural machinery industry." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 11 (November 15, 2015): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66124.
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Structure of machine and tractor fleet in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. It is noted that tractors and combine harvesters, sowing machines and other machinery are presented by many brands, which complicates their service maintenance. Development prospects of agricultural machinery industry are shown.
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Fazlulina, M. E. "Application of technology benchmarking to improve competitiveness of the tractor industry." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-70025.
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The paper examines benchmarking strategy and the opportunities for using sample matching technique to increase the competitive ability of tractor construction industry. The current state and prospects of development of national tractor industry are described, competitive advantages of Russian and imported agricultural equipment are studied. The paper describes the advantages of applying of benchmarking technique to increasing the competitive ability of tractor industry production.
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Faust, Kayla, Carri Casteel, Daniel V. McGehee, Corinne Peek-Asa, Diane Rohlman, and Marizen R. Ramirez. "Examining the Association Between Age and Tractor Driving Performance Measures Using a High-Fidelity Tractor Driving Simulator." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 27, no. 3 (2021): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14403.
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Highlights This study uses a new tractor driving simulator to examine the impact of age on perception response time in an emergency braking situation. The results demonstrate increased risk for crash among older farm equipment operators. Abstract. Transportation-related incidents are the leading cause of occupational fatalities for all industries in the U.S. In the agriculture industry, where tractor-related incidents are the leading cause of occupational fatality, fatal crashes occur more frequently among senior farm equipment operators (FEOs) than younger FEOs. This study examined the association between age and driving performance among FEOs using a simulated driving environment. We demonstrated that older FEOs have longer perception response times when encountering an incurring semi-truck during a simulated drive than younger FEOs. These results persisted when adjusted for selected medical diagnoses and medications, tractor generation, and tractor horsepower. However, due to the small sample size and limitations of the tractor driving simulator, its use for event perception response time research is questionable. The tractor driving simulator used in this study may be better suited for distracted driving studies and studies comparing the ways in which FEOs drive passenger vehicles compared to tractors. Keywords: Driving simulation, Perception response time, Senior drivers, Tractor.
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Kryvokon, Oleksandr, and Victor Kozoriz. "Prerequisites for tractorization in Ukraine in the early twentieth century." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210406.
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The aim of the article is to establish the scientific prerequisites for tractorization in Ukraine in the early twentieth century. Research methods: general-historical and special-historical methods. Main results: the article examines historical background and factors that contributed to the spread and use of the first tractors in Ukraine, the emergence of domestic tractor construction and widespread tractorization of agriculture in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialistic Republic in the 20s years of the twentieth century. The author uses the term “tractorization” which has not been used in scientific sources for a long time. It means the spread of scientific, technical and everyday ideas about tractors, the creation and distribution of their various models, the introduction of these machines into domestic agriculture and other spheres of life at the beginning of the twentieth century. A list of arguments and facts confirms that 1913 was a turning point in the study, popularization and distribution of tractors both in the world and in Ukraine. The features and results of testing the first tractors on the territory of modern Ukraine are described. The outstanding role of the first scientists and engineers who organized the testing of tractors and disseminated information about the results of these tests on farms and at exhibitions (D. Artsybashev, A. Baranovsky, V. Batyushkov, K. Debu, V. Koval B. Lintvarev, M. Pigulevsky, A. Treivas) is shown. The significant contribution to the study of the tractor business and the promotion of foreign-made tractors in Ukraine made by scientific associations, state and public institutions, as well as individual scientists is highlighted. Concise conclusions: it is determined that tsarist Russia had all the conditions and resources for the development of its own tractor industry before 1917, including Ukraine. It is proven that the development of this industry was interrupted by the Bolshevik coup and the Civil War, and until the mid-1920s, the use of tractors in Ukrainian agriculture was only isolated and completely dependent on imports of this equipment. The mass production of tractors in the USSR was organized only in the early 1930s with the commissioning of Stalingrad Tractor and Kharkiv Tractor plants. Meanwhile the needs of Ukrainian agriculture in tractors were met mainly through the mass import mainly from the United States that became important for the tractorization and its technical modernization. The practical significance: recommended for use in teaching the history of science and technology of the early twentieth century. Originality: the generalization of experience of historiography research in tractorization process is used. Scientific novelty: for the first time the role of the All-Russian factory, trade-industrial, agricultural and scientific-artistic exhibition, which took place in Kyiv in the summer-autumn of 1913 and was accompanied by testing the tractors, is covered. Type of article: research.
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Zhang, H., H. W. Zhang, and J. Q. Yang. "Passing Ability Impact Factors Simulation of Articulated Vehicle with 6×4 Tractor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.467.
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Passing ability of articulated vehicles is analyzed, which are combined of different 6×4 tractors and different semitrailers. According to the requirements of GB 1589, the passing ability of different structure articulated vehicles are simulated using AutoTURN. In order to analyze the passing ability impact factor of articulated vehicles in type and structure, simulation analysis is used to study how the tractor front overhang, the distance between center of tractor fifth wheel and the tractor first axle, and the semitrailer first wheel space impact on the passing ability. Reasonable suggestions are proposed by analyzing how the changes of parameters impact on the passing ability. The validity of the simulation model is validated by the test. The results serve as a useful reference for optimizing the articulated vehicle passing ability and promoting the development of vehicle industry technology.
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Lipkovich, E. I. "Agricultural machine-building industry: urgent tasks." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65676.
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The production organization issue for five urgent technical means of engineering industry enterprises in Russian Federation is considered. The new economic assessment procedure of constructive, engineering and technological solutions is given, that can be used at designing of multipurpose machine and tractor unit based on mobile power unit of 5th generation.
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Aldughaiyem, Abdullah, Yasser Bin Salamah, and Irfan Ahmad. "Control Design and Assessment for a Reversing Tractor–Trailer System Using a Cascade Controller." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 10634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210634.
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In recent years, control design for unmanned systems, especially a tractor–trailer system, has gained popularity among researchers. The emergence of such interest is caused by the potential reduction in cost and shortage of number of workers and labors. Two industries will benefit from the advancements of these types of systems: agriculture and cargo. By using the unmanned tractor–trailer system, harvesting and cultivating plants will become a safe and easy task. It will also cause a reduction in cost which in turn reduces the price on the end consumers. On the other hand, by using the unmanned tractor–trailer system in the cargo industry, shipping cost and time for the item delivery will be reduced. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a path tracking and a cascaded controller to control a tractor–trailer in reverse motion. The path tracking controller utilizes the Frenet–Serret frame to control the kinematics of the tractor–trailer system on a desired path, while the cascade controller’s main objective is to stabilize the system and to perform commands issued by the path tracker. The controlled parameters in this proposed design are the lateral distance to a path, trailer’s heading angel, articulated angel, and articulated angle’s rate. The main goal of such controller is to follow a path while the tractor–trailer system is moving in reverse and controlling the stability of the articulated vehicle to prevent the occurrence of a jackknife incident (uncontrolled state). The proposed controller has been tested in a different scenario where a successful implementation has been shown.
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Lavrov, Alexander, Anatoly Gulyaev, Sergey Popov, Dmitry Komissarov, and Valery Davydov. "Initial requirements for agricultural universal block-modular energy device of traction class 0.6." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301034.
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The state of the tractor industry in Russia is characterized by a deep restructuring of production. This problem is especially acute in the development of modern low-power mobile energy facilities for the mechanization of work in peasant farms. To give a systematic character to the development of this In a promising direction, the initial requirements for an agricultural universal block-modular energy device of traction class 0.6 are proposed.
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Emelyanov, P. A. "IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF THE MOVEMENT OF TRAILED VEHICLES." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 21, no. 3 (September 2021): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-21-106-114.
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Today, automobile and tractor trains with trailers are quite popular vehicles used for transporting agricultural goods in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Road trains and trac-tors with trailers are characterized by lower performance indicators (maneuverability, stability of movement) than single vehicles. Accordingly, special requirements for safety and trouble-free op-eration are imposed on motor-tractor trains. The author of the article proposes a technical solution that provides longitudinal stability of the movement of multi-link trackless vehicles, and has, in comparison with known analogues, simplicity of design and increased efficiency in the operating conditions of multi-link tractor trains. Analytical studies have been carried out, which made it possible to justify the rational kinematic and geometric parameters of the proposed technical solu-tion. The strength parameters of the damping device installed at the coupling point of tractors and trailers, and ensuring the operational reliability of trailed dump vehicles, are determined. The re-sults of the conducted research are recommended to both domestic and foreign research institutes, design and production structures of the automotive industry for further study and refinement of the proposed device with a view to its possible introduction into practice.
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Vambol, S. O., V. V. Agravat, M. M. Kiriyenko, R. Yadav, V. V. Zadorozhnya, and R. Swarnkar. "ERGONOMIC ASPECTS RELATED TO MOBILE AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY OPERATORS." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 36, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.36-3.2020.10-18.
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Ergonomics is the key to make the machine “worker friendly”. In this paper, the humble effort is carried out to present the outline of the tractor industry of India as well as Ukraine for the subsequent analysis of the operator's working conditions and negative production factors that affect his health. Experiment was conducted in Ukraine for three different tractor models i.e. HTZ-181, HTZ-200, HTZ-200B. Vibrations were measured at frame between cab brackets (on left side member), cab floor at the operator's feet and cab frame (on rear crossmember at the rear window base) for plowing and harrowing operations. Research of structural elements vibration parameters of some tractor models (for harrowing and plowing operation) showed that the cab frame has the highest vibration activity in the vertical direction with a peak in the octave band with a geometric mean frequency of 16 Hz. In the transverse direction, the tractor frame has the highest vibration acceleration amplitude, while the maximum vibration acceleration amplitude falls on the octave band of 16 Hz, but its value is two times lower than in the vertical direction. It was also observed that the amplitudes of vibration accelerations of the elements of the tested tractors during plowing the field had higher values than during harrowing, but these excesses were not significant. Analysis of the test results shows that the tractors' suspensions have practically the same vibration characteristics, and therefore, it is recommended to conduct further studies of the parameters of general vibration (on the operator's seat) and local vibration (on the steering wheel) in order to assess the tractor operator' working conditions, his safety and develop technical solutions to improve the devices/machines. The study practical value and originality consists in identifying the structural elements of mobile agricultural machinery (for example, tractors) that have the highest vibrations, which affect the operator for their further improvement, but not for replacing the machinery. This approach to improving the working conditions of mobile agricultural machinery operators is driven by the country's weak economy and can be beneficial for developing countries in the face of a lack of funds to purchase new ergonomic machines.
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Katanaev, N. T., P. V. Maksimov, and K. A. Lavrentyeva. "Crisis and stagnation of enterprises of automotive-tractor industry." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 4-1 (February 20, 2013): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67964.
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The authors consider phase of the crisis and stagnation of industrial production cycle of automotive engineering. The various views of experts on the causes of the collapse of the leading branches of engineering are presented in the article.
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Gorbachiov, I. V., and A. M. Nefiodov. "State and prospects of tractor industry development for the agroindustrial complex of Russia." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-69316.
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Bartenev, I. M., and M. V. Drapalyuk. "State and trends of development of the tractor industry for Russian forest complex." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 11 (November 15, 2012): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65956.
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Tsench, Yuliya. "AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (January 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-59-1-178-192.
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In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes - the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.
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Tsench, Yuliya S. "AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (March 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-178-192.
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In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes – the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.
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Faust, Kayla, Carri Casteel, Daniel V. McGehee, Marizen Ramirez, Diane S. Rohlman, and Corinne Peek-Asa. "Examination of Realism in a High-Fidelity Tractor Driving Simulator." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 26, no. 4 (2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14043.
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HighlightsDescribes the creation of a new high-fidelity tractor driving simulator.Describes the perceived realism of a tractor driving simulator among 99 Midwestern farm equipment operators.Examines how farm equipment operator characteristics affect perceived realism of a tractor driving simulator.Discusses potential improvements for future generations of tractor driving simulators.Abstract. Transportation-related incidents are the leading cause of occupational fatalities for all industries in the U.S., including the agricultural industry, which suffers thousands of crashes involving farm equipment each year. Simulated driving studies offer a safe and cost-effective way to conduct driving research that would not be feasible in the real world. A tractor driving miniSim was developed and then evaluated for realism at the University of Iowa among 99 Midwestern farm equipment operators. It is important for driving simulators to have a high degree of realism for their results to be applicable to non-simulated driving operations. High-fidelity driving simulators facilitate extrapolations made by driving research but should be re-tested for realism when changes are made to the design of the simulator. The simulator used in this study emulated a tractor cab with realistic controls, three high-resolution screens, and high-fidelity sound. After completing a 10-minute drive, farm equipment operators completed a survey and scored four specific domains assessing specific characteristics (i.e., appearance, user interface, control, and sound) of the tractor simulator’s realism using a seven-point Likert scale (from 0 = not at all realistic to 6 = completely realistic). An overall realism score and domain scores were calculated. Farm equipment operators were also asked to provide recommendations for improving the tractor miniSim. Overall, farm equipment operators rated the simulator’s realism favorably (i.e., >3 on a scale from 0 to 6) for all individual items and domains. The appearance domain received the highest average realism score (mean = 4.58, SD = 1.03), and the sound domain received the lowest average realism score (mean = 3.86, SD = 1.57). We found no significant differences in realism scores across farm equipment operator characteristics. The most frequently suggested improvements were to tighten the steering wheel (27%), make the front tires visible (19%), and that no improvements were needed to improve the simulator realism (18%). This study demonstrates that the new tractor miniSim is a viable approach to studying farm equipment operations and events that can lead to tractor-related crashes. Future studies should incorporate the suggested improvements and seek to validate the simulator as a research and outreach instrument. Keywords: Driving simulator, Farm equipment operators, Realism, Tractors.
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Kushnariov, L. I., and V. A. Zavyalov. "Implementation of the innovation programs of agricultural machinery industry development." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65815.
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State of machine and tractor fleet belonging to village commodity producers was under analysis as well as its structure and age-class composition. Results of the study are given. Questions of agricultural machine building development and trends of agricultural machinery production volume gain are considered.
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Didmanidze, Otari, Nikolay Pulyaev, Sergey Devyanin, and Dzhabir Asadov. "Digital analogue of an agricultural tractor." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100058.
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Today the trend in the digitalisation of all economic spheres is particularly noticeable. Agriculture is no exception here. According to forecasts, the agribusiness transition to Industry-4.0 will increase the yield by 10 %. One of the digital design and modeling technologies is the use of digital analogues of objects or processes. This technology can be applied to an agricultural tractor or other power device. Using this approach will allow you to plan the annual load of machines, taking into account their maintenance condition, efficiency of use, etc. Also such a system will allow to choose the optimal operating modes of agricultural machinery, which in turn will increase its capacity, yield and reduce losses.
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Katre, Nilesh. "Solar Powered Mobile Operated Farmer Friendly Multifunction Agribot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 15, 2021): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35186.
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Many advances in technology have made agribusiness very labour intensive to be a part of the industry. As we spoke only 50 years ago, farmers began to incorporate methods into their farming practices. Those involved in the agricultural industry are said to be less likely to change. They were very firm in the ways that came before them. Now when we examine the agricultural industry, we can see that it is changing rapidly. Farmers are looking for new ways to implement technology to reduce costs and reduce working hours. Farmers have come up with an autonomous robot as a way to explore new technology in agriculture. Solar-powered mobile-powered robots are new to the agricultural industry, but are rapidly gaining popularity from agricultural research institutes across the United States. These tractors are described by Farm Industry News as a tractor that drives its solution with a computer under control. Despite being in the research stage of development, autonomous robots are becoming more of an idea than a reality. When the robot is moving on the surface, it is controlled by a Bluetooth technology based mobile remote
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Mocera, F., S. Martelli, and M. Costamagna. "Dynamic behaviour of a battery pack for agricultural applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1214, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1214/1/012032.
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Abstract Fight and contrast against climate change and global warming can be considered the most important challenge for the next decades. One of the most involved sectors is the one related to the carriage of passengers and goods, and, recently, also the work vehicles too. The agricultural machines and tractors are no exception to this. Indeed, agricultural industry is the second contributor in terms of pollutant emissions. So, research about agricultural machinery is focusing itself about the development of more sustainable propulsion systems such as hybrid or full-electric solutions. One of the most important components of a hybrid or full electric vehicle is the battery pack. The lack of adequate vibration isolation is the main cause of battery pack failure during operation. In the field of the agricultural vehicles, since the maximum speed is quite low and the weight of the various subsystems are high, combined with heavy working cycles, the dynamic analysis of the battery pack focuses on its low frequency behaviour. In this context, this paper focuses the attention on the dynamic behaviour of a battery pack, thought for a plug-in hybrid electric orchard tractor, through simulations obtained taking advantage of FEM and multibody software. In particular, it will be illustrated the dynamic behaviour of the battery pack while the tractor is moving on a bumpy road and when the tractor chassis is subjected to an impulsive load.
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Mabiletsa, Ofentse, Sarel J. Viljoen, Jason Arthur Farrell, Lwando Ngqwemla, and Omowunmi Elizabeth Isafiade. "An Immersive Tractor Application for Sustainability." International Journal of Virtual and Augmented Reality 4, no. 1 (January 2020): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvar.2020010103.
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South Africa is currently addressing the issue of land reform. This research explores how immersive technology could serve as an intervention to avoid unintended consequences in the agricultural industry. This work used participatory design, a stage-based approach, and the SCRUM project management methodology to develop a novel tractor-based immersive technology mobile application. The tractor application developed serves to support novice farmers and learners alike, to learn about and test their skills on tractor components. Three-dimensional modelling software and EON reality software were used to develop the mobile application. Upon completion, the application was tested by experts in this domain of interest and compared to the objectives identified, resulting from land reform as set out by the Department of Agriculture. The tractor application shows promise in promoting Farming 4.0. Moreover, feedback from potential users and experts in this domain confirms the success of the application and interest in future immersive research.
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Kutkov, G. M. "Commemorating the 110th anniversary of academician V.N. Boltinskiy." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, no. 2 (February 15, 2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65664.
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The conceptual issues of V.N. Boltinskiy scientific heritage are stated, his contribution to progress of tractor industry and agricultural mechanization as well as his advances in training of engineering skills for agriculture are highlighted.
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İnanç, Taş, and Akay Abdullah Emin. "Productivity Analysis of Modified Farm Tractors in Forwarding Industrial Wood Products." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 20 (June 4, 2020): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/412018.
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Public demands for forest products and services have been increasing gradually in many countries all over the world. Among the forest products, mostly round woods are produced in Turkey due to high economic value. On the other hand, there is a significant increase in demand for industrial woods in the domestic market in recent years. The reason behind this increase is the need of domestic companies in the wood-based panel industry for a large amount of wood raw material. . Farm tractors are the most widely used forest machinery in the extraction of industrial wood in Turkey. Farm tractors can be effectively used in mechanized harvesting operations after receiving some modifications and additional attachments. The modified farm tractors are affordable machinery for small logging contractors since their initial purchasing costs and hourly operating costs are quite low comparing with the forest harvesting equipment (i.e. skidder, forwarder, cable yarder). In this study, productivity of a modified farm tractor was analyzed during forwarding of industrial wood products. The study was implemented in Pinus nigra stand located in (?) the city of Afyonkarahisar in Turkey. In the study, the effects of forwarding distance on productivity were evaluated using statistical analysis. The results indicated that the most time-consuming work stage was unloading the truck and piling the wood products at the landing area, followed by ( in terms of time-consumption) collecting woods and loading the tractor at the stump. The average productivity of the forwarding operation was 6.06 stere/h (stere is the amount of wood pile with the height, width, and depth of one meter). It was also found that the productivity of the forwarding was significantly affected by the forwarding distance.
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Karmarkar, A. U., and N. R. Gilke. "Embodiment design of a soil bin for soil-tool interaction study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012229.
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Abstract The agriculture industry is an important aspect of Indian economy. The changes occurring in global climate and increased frequency of extreme weather conditions pose challenges for agriculture industry. In such unpredictable conditions, achieving required outputs from farming for supporting continuously increasing population necessitates the mechanization of traditional processes. The selection of machinery for such mechanized setup is a key management task. Tractor is one of the farm machines being used in various farm related operations. Thus understanding constraints imposed on selection of a tractor is a primary factor in decision making process. The study has highlighted importance of power requirement for farming operation in tractor selection process. Thus to determine power requirement for farming operation a study of soil-tool interaction is necessary. A soil bin setup is one of the tools for studying the soil-tool interaction. This work presents the conceptual and embodiment design of a soil bin developed to find variation in draft force with respect to variations in the parameters like tillage depth, operation speed and soil moisture level. The tillage depth and operation speed were found to be directly proportional whereas the soil moisture level was found to be inversely proportional to the draft force.
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Rakonjac, Aleksandar. "IZMEĐU TRANSFERA TEHNOLOGIJA I DOMAĆIH REŠENJA: IZGRADNJA MOTORNE INDUSTRIJE U JUGOSLAVIJI 1945−1952." Istorija 20. veka 40, no. 2/2022 (August 1, 2022): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2022.2.rak.405-422.
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This article aims to shed light on how the Yugoslav motor industry in the first post-war years sought to overcome the difficulties of mastering the technology of motor vehicle production on a modern industrial basis. During this period, gigantic efforts were made to get the country out of economic backwardness in the shortest possible time. The motor industry had one of the key roles on the path of modernization of the economy, and the state accordingly paid special attention to the construction of factories in this branch of industry. Reliance on pre-war pioneering moves of truck fabrication based on a license purchased in Czechoslovakia was the main capital with which began the process of emancipation of the domestic motor industry. Due to the impossibility to independently solve the issue of construction of all types of motor vehicles, help was sought abroad. Negotiations with the USSR and Hungary were started first, but even before the severance of all relations caused by the conflict between the Yugoslav and Soviet leadership, this attempt to establish cooperation failed. In the following years, after the failure in the East, the state concentrated all its efforts on establishing strong economic ties with the West. Thanks to favorable foreign policy circumstances, the reorientation of state policy had achieved great economic benefits for the further construction of the motor industry. Licenses for the fabrication of the “Ansaldo TCA/60” tractor were purchased, thus resolving the production of all heavy types of vehicles, as well as the production of oil-powered engines. By the early 1950s, cooperation had been established with several renowned companies from Germany, Italy and Switzerland, which provided opportunities for the Yugoslav engine industry to keep pace with the latest technological solutions. However, despite the transfer of technology that played a dominant role in raising the national car and tractor industry, domestic forces played a significant role in the production of the first air-cooled engine, a light wheeled tractor with a gasoline engine and the “Prvenac” truck. The Yugoslav example has shown that reliance on one’s own strength and international cooperation are two inextricably important factors in overcoming all the difficulties that come with the forced industrialization.
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Gorelov, V. A., and O. I. Chudakov. "Analysis of design schemes of combination of vehicles towing elements wheel drives." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66907.
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The article presents an analytical review devoted to the design of combination of vehicles towing elements wheel drives in domestic and foreign automotive industry. Brief information regarding the developed mathematical model of linear dynamics for tractor unit with active towing element is given.
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Larina, E. V. "The latent period of crisis is a key phase of the industrial cycle." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 1-5 (September 10, 2013): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67938.
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The author presents the analysis of the different phases of industrial production cycles of automotive and tractor industry using derivatives of release changes as indicators of process dynamics and emphasize a latent period of crisis as a key phase of the cycle.
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Cardenas, Victor M., Ruiqi Cen, Melissa M. Clemens, Jennifer L. Conner, Jennifer L. Victory, Lorann Stallones, and Robert R. Delongchamp. "Morbidity and Mortality from Farm Tractor and Other Agricultural Machinery-Related Injuries in Arkansas." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 4 (2018): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12828.
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Abstract. This study applied a text string search algorithm to ascertain suspect farm tractor or agricultural machinery-related injuries in data sources available for 2000-2014 in the state of Arkansas. The occurrences of tractor or other agricultural machinery-related injuries were compared with data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). For death certificates that assigned an external cause of death, the authors first collected all those that were coded as related to agricultural machinery, based on search strings for occupation and industry and a description of how the injury occurred. They then inspected each case individually and removed those that were likely unrelated to agricultural machinery. This approach significantly increased (by 7.8 times) the number of suspect agricultural machinery-related fatalities compared to the number reported to CFOI, but there was only a 17% (not statistically significant) increase compared to NCHS. All hospital records with any discharge diagnosis coded as related to agricultural machinery were selected. Descriptive analysis of the fatalities and hospital records showed a significantly increased risk among men above retirement age, peaks during the summer, and an increased risk in the Mississippi delta region. About one-third of the agricultural machinery-related fatalities were due to overturns. The use of the algorithm can improve ascertainment of fatal agricultural machinery-related injuries in Arkansas. The death records were found to be rich in data on the circumstances of the injuries, which can be used to screen for tractor-related fatalities and, if confirmed, translated into action to improve the safety of Arkansas farmers. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Farm, Farming, Injury, Risk, Statistics, Tractors.
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Ibragimov, E. V. "IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF TRAILED DUMP VEHICLES." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 2, no. 21 (June 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-89-96.
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Increasing the productivity and efficiency of agricultural cargo transportation in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is achieved through the use of tractor trains consist-ing of tractors and trailer links, the main of which are trailers. This method allows you to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural goods, as well as reduce the cost of transportation. During the analysis of the known designs of tractor-trailer dump trailers, it was revealed that a character-istic drawback is the imperfection of the design of the locking elements of the platforms designed to fix them on the chassis. As a result, a promising technical solution was developed, which, in comparison with the known ones, has a simple design and increased efficiency when fixing the bodies on the chassis. The article describes the design and the principle of operation of this tech-nical solution. The results of the structural strength calculation are presented. The conducted check showed that the obtained value of the safety factor, equal to 2.2, will ensure the operational reliability of trailed dump vehicles. The results of the study are recommended to both domestic and foreign research institutes, design and production structures of the automotive industry for further study and refinement of the proposed device with a view to its possible implementation in practice.
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Negrete, Jaime Cuauhtémoc. "Integration of tractor and combines industry with automotive industry as a strategy to reduce rural poverty in Mexico." Journal of Hill Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2015.00011.7.
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Utomo, Denny, Pratikto Pratikto, Purnomo Budi Santoso, and Sugiono Sugiono. "Implementation of a fuzzy decision support system for selection of hand tractor assembly suppliers." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.001864.
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Supplier selection is a complex problem in the current Industry 4.0 era. The large number of suppliers with different performance qualities makes it difficult for the company's internal parties to choose the appropriate supplier. The suitability of quality suppliers needed to supply raw materials needed by the industry is an important matter to be resolved. In the hand tractor assembly industry, this small and medium industry is also very dependent on the availability of supply materials, and of course it also depends on the selection of the supplier itself. In this study, the object of research is the 151 hand tractor assembly manufacturing industry using 10 main criteria for selecting suppliers. Each criterion has a weight that is calculated using the Fuzzy AHP method so as to obtain alternative supplier results that are displayed in order.
A supplier is a company or individual that provides the raw materials needed by the company and its competitors to produce certain goods. In this study, a decision support system for supplier selection at the company has been developed using the AHP fuzzy method. The results of this study are expected to help companies in selecting suppliers that match the predetermined criteria. In building a decision support system that provides supplier recommendations, the authors apply the AHP fuzzy method in the process. With the Supplier Selection Decision Support System Using the AHP Fuzzy Method, it can help companies in selecting suppliers. Based on the research that has been done, suggestions can be made for a Decision Support System for Supplier Selection Using the Fuzzy AHP Method so that in the future it can facilitate the use of a more dynamic system
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Sushil, N. A., R. K. Garg, and Sumit Jain. "Continuity and change forces in Indian automobile industry: a case of tractor company." International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management 3, no. 2 (2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbcrm.2012.047062.
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Verma, Aseem, and Sudhir Ghai. "Noise Induced Hearing Impairment Amongst Industrial Hand Grinder Operators in Tractor Auxiliary Industry." Indian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics 7, no. 1 (2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/1945-919x.2016.00008.6.
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Liu, Jing, Changgao Xia, Donglin Jiang, and Yan Sun. "Development and Testing of the Power Transmission System of a Crawler Electric Tractor for Greenhouses." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13360.
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HighlightsBuilt a functional electric drive system of a crawler tractor for greenhouses.Properly integrated the electric components into a traditional tractor.Performed field rotary tillage, field transport, and plowing energy consumption tests to verify the correctness of the matching of the core components of the power transmission system and some performance of the prototype crawler electric tractor.Abstract. Greenhouses are among the most rapidly developing sectors of the Chinese agricultural industry, and they require considerable mechanization. Currently, the machinery used in greenhouses mainly include micro cultivators powered by internal combustion engines. The micro cultivators have various problems such as small output power, low operating efficiency, and poor quality. Also, they harm the growth environment of crops and the working environment of farmers due to gas emissions and noise. In this study, a crawler electric tractor suitable for greenhouses is proposed. It can function in small working areas and narrow working spaces. The electric tractor is suitable for towing, transportation, lifting, and power output. A power transmission system scheme was designed for the electric tractor and a parameter matching method for the core components of the power transmission system is proposed. The prototype of the electric tractor was manufactured and underwent field rotary tillage, field transport, and plowing energy consumption tests. The results of rotary tillage and transportation testing showed that the operating parameters such as the depth and width of rotary tillage and transportation speed met the design requirements, which validated the matching of core components of the power transmission system and the operating performance of the prototype crawler electric tractor. The mean rotary tillage depths of the prototype on the left side and the right side are 11.0 and 12.1 cm, respectively. The mean width is 113 cm. The mean speed of rotary tillage is 4.99 km h-1. The measured speed of the prototype in the field is within the speed demand range at gears I, II, and III. According to the results of plowing energy consumption test, the mean electrical energy consumption of plowing one mu of land was 5.60 kW h mu-1, which showed that the prototype crawler electric tractor had good economic performance. To sum up, the prototype of the electric tractor for greenhouses manufactured is economic and practical. Keywords: Electric tractor, Facility agriculture, Field test, Power transmission.
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Kashkarov, Anton, Volodymyr Diordiiev, Andrii Sabo, and Gennadii Novikov. "Semi-Autonomous Drone for Agriculture on the Tractor Base." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0027.
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Abstract This paper deals with the prospects of using a drone for spraying the gardens and vineyards. Relevance of this process is substantiated with the help of statistical data on the industry in Ukraine. To increase the efficiency of drones during the plant treatment, the concept of a semi-autonomous drone is proposed with connection to a communication line with a tractor – a “tractor-drone” complex. A spraying solution and commands for the drone are transmitted via the communication line. Basic physical formulas for appropriate selection of technical means for the lifting of sprayer frame are presented. Environmental parameters for the flight control system were estimated: temperature fluctuation at 20 K requires screw speed increase by 1.5%; an increase in atmospheric pressure by 5% allows reduction of screw speed by 2%. Tasks of the control system for the concept of semi-autonomous drones are defined in the paper.
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Kumar, Pramod, and Satendra Singh. "Experimental Study for Cleanliness Evaluation of Tractor Engine Components." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1224, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1224/1/012013.
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Abstract In present scenario most of the industries are competing for quality improvement. In each automotive company, to reduce the wear and tear between engine components and to increase the engine life, it is necessary to check the contamination level of engine components. To wash these components washing solvents or multi metal cleaner cum degreaser are used to wash the components in ordinary or ultrasonic washing machines. In this paper experimental work is carried out to find the life of two washing solvents used to wash the tractor engine components in ordinary and ultrasonic washing machines. This experiment is performed at different setting parameters date wise of both of the machines. Observations were taken for 15 days using two type of cleaning medium i.e. AFSO CLEAN-AD20 and METACLEAN 211. After data analysis it is concluded that if these washing solvents are used for both shifts in the industry than the solvents remain useful to clean the tractor engine components for 6 days as per specification limits.
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Тимофеева, Svetlana Timofeeva, Мурзин, and M. Murzin. "Professional Risks of Mining Industry in the Baikal Region." Safety in Technosphere 3, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4940.
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The paper studies labourconditions at mining enterprises of the Irkutsk region. Occupational risks have been calculated with three methods. According to questionnaire survey personal assessment of risks is 20-30% higher compared to objective assessment based on results of measurements of the industrial environment. Specific occupational risks per thousand tons of rock mass have been calculated; the highest specific risks are typical of professions: driller, miner, loading tractor driver, tip truck driver, bulldozer operator. The allowable length of work for these high-risk professions, calculated by dust load, ranges from 2 to 11 years; life expectancy reduce in health hazard conditions is 30 to 65 days per year. Mining enterprises in Irkutsk Region have been ranked in order of aggregated factors (specific occupational risk, reduced life expectancy according to the maximum length of the dust factor).
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Mohammadi, Amin, and Soroush Avakh Darestani. "Green supplier selection problem using TOPSIS extended by D numbers in tractor manufacturing industry." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 32, no. 3 (2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2019.098353.
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Darestani, Soroush Avakh, and Amin Mohammadi. "Green supplier selection problem using TOPSIS extended by D numbers in tractor manufacturing industry." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 32, no. 3 (2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2019.10019748.
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Nursapina, K. U., and Zh B. Kenzhin. "Material and technical base of grain production in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and prospects." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.22.
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The goal is to analyze the current state of grain production in economically developed countries and Kazakhstan, its interaction with material and technical support. Methods - the theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the fundamental development and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists on the acceleration of the technical equipment of grain sub-complex, the provisions of modern economic theory, regulatory documents and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of studying these problems, the following methods were applied: system analysis, monographic, economic statistics. Results - the main directions of State regulation of this sub-sector of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. The prospects for the development of grain farming are shown, aspects of replenishment of fixed assets, introduction of innovations, new technologies and techniques are considered. The coefficients of withdrawal and renewal of the machine and tractor facilities (MTF), the average age of tractors and combines have been calculated. The industry, despite its significant potential, retains imbalances and remains noncompetitive. There is a low investment activity of foreign capital. Conclusions - the state of the MTF of agricultural enterprises in grain sector is extremely unsatisfactory, the possibility of its replenishment is significantly lower than the rate of decommissioning of outdated agricultural equipment, which leads to the increased load on one tractor and combine harvester. In turn, high cost of new machines does not allow agricultural producers to purchase equipment, introduce modernized models that ensure the use of modern, including resource-saving technologies. There is a need for program measures to promote the development of agricultural engineering.
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Kennedy, Jeff. "Cargo Handling By Truckers And Competitive Advantage: Is There A Relationship?" Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v4i1.4747.
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The transportation industry is one of the largest employers in the United States. In fact, employment in the transportation industry is expected to increase from 4,205,000 jobs in 2002 to 5,120,000 jobs in 2012, an increase of 914,000 jobs, with truck drivers, including heavy and tractor-trailer drivers adding 337,000 new jobs (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006 and NAICS Industry Data, 2004). Truck drivers are a valuable and unique resource in today's economy because companies rely on trucks to pick up and deliver merchandise. No other mode of transportation delivers door-to-door. While some goods may travel most of the way by ship, train, or airplane, almost every good is carried by truck at some point en route to its destination. (West, 1-46)
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Kim, Jeong Ho, Jack T. Dennerlein, and Peter W. Johnson. "The Comparisons of Whole Body Vibration Exposures and Supporting Musculature Loading between Single- and Multi-axial Suspension Seats during Agricultural Tractor Operation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601212.
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Due to rough terrain, agricultural tractor drivers are likely exposed to a high level of whole body vibration, especially impulsive shocks. These WBV exposures are often predominant in the fore-aft (x) or lateral (y) axis. However, the current industry standard seats are designed to reduce mainly vertical (z) axis WBV exposures, and therefore, may be less effective in reducing tractor drivers’ exposure to WBV. Therefore, in a repeated-measures design with 11 subjects, this study evaluated efficacy of a multi-axial (vertical + lateral) suspension seat in reducing WBV exposure and low back (erector spinae) muscle activity relative to an industry standard single-axial suspension seat. The results showed that while there was no difference in fore-aft (x) and vertical (z) axis WBV exposures between the seats, the multi-axial suspension seat had lower A(8) lateral (y) WBV exposures [median (interquartile range): 0.7 (0.41, 0.83) m/s2] and VDV(8) [13.5 (7.4, 16.4) m/s1.75] WBV exposures than the single-axial suspension seats [ A(8): 0.81 (0.48 0.93) m/s2; VDV(8): 13.5 (8.7, 18.5) m/s1.75] (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Low back muscle activity was also lower on the multi-axial suspension seats, however this difference was not significantly significant. These results indicate that mu the multi-axial suspension may have potential to reduce the WBV exposures and muscular loading on low back among agricultural vehicle operators.