Journal articles: 'Tractors – Transmission devices – Control'

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Zhdanko, Dmitriy, Valeriy Gerasimov, Mikhail Kostomakhin, and Nikolay Petrishchev. "DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE CONTROL DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (January 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-59-1-34-44.

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Service and repair of operating and servicing organizations are largely equipped with outdated, low-power, highly specialized bench equipment from former specialized enterprises and do not always meet the technical requirements of the manufacturer, especially for conducting quality control programs for the repair of powerful and modern tractors. These circumstances together reduce the reliability of the obtained diagnostic parameters and may lead to the risk of errors in determining the technical readiness of the repaired equipment, in particular, internal combustion engines, transmission units and chassis, hydraulic drive. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a mobile control and diagnostic device for monitoring the power and fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, as well as the quality of repair of hydrostatic transmission and hydraulic drive units. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of scientific works on improving methods for diagnosing energy indicators of mobile agricultural machinery, as well as conducted extensive research on the use of axial plunger pumps and throttling the flow of liquid injected by them with a constant and variable cross-section throttle for engine braking. (Results and discussion) Authors developed an experimental model of a mobile control and diagnostic device and experimentally tested the methods for determining its parameters and control and diagnostic operations. (Conclusions) The use of the proposed mobile control and diagnostic device will eliminate excessive fuel consumption by tractors when reducing the effective power of their internal combustion engines below the permissible limits, and will also allow the diagnosis of hydrostatic transmission units in the conditions of agricultural and service enterprises and exclude the sending of serviceable units with unused resources for repair.

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Fedorenko, V. F., and V. E. Tarkivskiy. "Digital Wireless Technology to Measure Agricultural Performance." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-10-15.

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When testing agricultural machinery in order to determine its functional indicators, the ability to wirelessly transmit data between sensors, measuring and information systems are important. (Research purpose) To develop methods and create wireless digital devices for determining the functional indicators of agricultural tractors and machines with the ability to wirelessly transmit data to a remote control point in real time. (Materials and methods) The authors assumed that it was possible to determine the slipping of driving wheels using an inertial navigation system. It was found that in order to calculate real-time indicators obtained using wireless technologies, it was necessary to determine the characteristics of the input signals of discrete sensors on the side of the measuring system. (Results and discussions) The authors substantiated a method for determining the period of incoming signals of discrete sensors with an accuracy of 0.001 seconds for wireless information transmission. They proposed the design of a slipping sensor for an energy vehicle driving wheels, the main element of which is an inertial wheel position sensor. They developed a discrete signal input module and an inertial slipping sensor with the possibility of wireless data transmission based on a radio system with a carrier frequency of 433 megahertz. During field tests, it was found that the accuracy of determining slippage using the inertial wireless sensor IP-291 does not exceed 1 percent; the range of stable radio communication from the tested object to the test control center reaches 1000 meters; the current indicators obtained through digital radio communication did not differ from the indicators obtained in the tractor cab. (Conclusions) The authors worked out an effective system for wireless information transfer with the ability to calculate the performance of the tested equipment in real time.

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Hoodorozhkov, S. I., and A. А. Krasilnikov. "Numerical simulation of dynamic processes in transmission of vehicle." Izvestia MGTU MAMI 1, no. 1 (2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2021-47-1-38-45.

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The article considers the issues of digital modeling of dynamic processes in the transmissions of vehicles. The purpose of this research was to develop an algorithm for numerical mathematical modeling of dynamic processes in the transmissions of transport vehicles using modern digital software packages. The method includes a systematic approach to the study of dynamic processes during switching, based on modeling the operation of the gearbox together with the internal com-bustion engine (taking into account its dynamic, speed and load characteristics). The order of appli-cation of the MATLab – Simulink, Simscape software for numerical simulation of dynamic pro-cesses is considered. Using the fundamental blocks of these applications, models of physical com-ponents are created: the internal combustion engine, friction clutches, gearboxes, elastic shafts, damping devices, and tractor power transmission control systems. A digital model of the tractor transmission is created, its design scheme is given, and the initial characteristics are set. It was used to simulate dynamic processes in the tractor gearbox. The main attention in this paper is paid to the application of the proposed method for calculating the dynamic processes in the gearbox during gear changes under load with forward and reverse switching, including the simultaneous use of several friction clutches.

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Demidov, N. N., A. A. Krasilnikov, and S. I. Hoodorozhkov. "TRACTOR GEARBOX: RESEARCH OF SHIFTING GEARS’ PROCESSES." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-1-58-71.

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Introduction. The process of shifting gears under load is one of the most complex types of dynamic process in the transmissions of transport, road and construction vehicles. Currently, the existing calculation methods do not fully reflect the features of the engine and automated gearbox interaction by switching stages under load using more than two friction clutches at the same time. The paper discusses the method of calculating the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox with the simultaneous use of both two and four friction clutches by shifting gears under load with forward and reverse switching. The authors present the results of the dynamic characteristics of the theoretical study of the automated gearbox with frictional stages’ switching under load and without breaking the power flow.Materials and methods. The main method was based on a system approach to the dynamic processes study and on the modeling of the gearbox operation together with the internal combustion engine. The authors took into account the regulatory, speed and load engine characteristics, resistive torque variation, rate of pressure rise in clutches by shifting to higher and lower gears. The paper performed theoretical modeling of processes using the MATLab package and the Simulink application. Using the main blocks of this application, the authors created models of physical components: an internal combustion engine, friction clutches, gear reducers, elastic shafts, damping devices and tractor power transmission control systems.Results. As a result, the authors obtained calculated data of the dynamic processes, variations in speed and rotational torque on the gearbox shafts; the load on the engine by shifting gears at different values of the start and finish time in switching on and off the gearbox friction controls. The paper presented the relevant graphs of the processes.Discussion and conclusions. The developed method of calculating the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox allows simulating workflows by shifting to higher and lower gears. This method takes into account both the parameters of the gearbox design and of the control actions: the rate of switching on the friction clutches; the time intervals of overlapping the “on and off” clutches. Therefore, in relation to the considered gearbox, the authors determine the values of the optimal time control commands of the friction by shifting.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

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Savenkov, N. V., V. V. Ponyakin, S. A. Chekulaev, and V. V. Butenko. "MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-3-276-289.

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Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

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Kim, Wan-Soo, Yong-Joo Kim, Yeon-Soo Kim, Seung-Yun Baek, Seung-Min Baek, Dae-Hyun Lee, Kyu-Chul Nam, Tae-Bum Kim, and Hyo-Jai Lee. "Development of Control System for Automated Manual Transmission of 45-kW Agricultural Tractor." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082930.

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This study aims to develop and evaluate an automated manual transmission (AMT) for agricultural tractors with high efficiency and high convenience by using electric actuators. An AMT system to control manual-type shuttle gearboxes and transmissions for tractors is developed by adding a shuttle shifting actuator, a clutch actuator, and a control system to a conventional manual transmission (MT). The clutch actuator is designed using an electric motor and a reduction gear. The AMT control system is developed and experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the AMT. The results of the performance of the actuator position control demonstrate that the shuttle shifting actuator and clutch actuator are controlled appropriately, achieving a maximum overshoot of less than 5% and 0%, a settling time of less than 0.500 s and 1.50 s, and a steady-state error of less than 1% and 1%, respectively. The performance of the automatic forward and reverse control demonstrates a shift control time of less than 2.50 s and target revolutions per minute (RPM) reaching time of less than 3.00 s. Thus, AMT systems for tractors can be easily developed by applying shuttle shifting actuators, clutch actuators, and a control system to conventional manual transmissions.

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Xi, Zhi Qiang, Zhi Li Zhou, and Yan Li. "Fuzzy Control Strategy of Powershift Transmission of Tractor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1959.

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Due to the complex working conditions of tractor and its frequent load fluctuation, it is difficult to analyze shift schedule through the traditional approach of building the mathematical model of power train. The paper will applied fuzzy control theory to the shift schedule. The control rules is determined based on the different operating states of tractor. Slip rate which is a important indicator to reflect tractor operation will be introduced as control parameters to research the control strategy of tractor’s powershift antomatic transmisson. The simulation result shows that the method can effectively avoid shift circulation and reduce the shift frequency, which improve the dynamic performance and fuel economy of tractors.

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Wang, Junyan, Changgao Xia, Xin Fan, and Junyu Cai. "Research on Transmission Characteristics of Hydromechanical Continuously Variable Transmission of Tractor." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6978329.

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This paper proposes a new transmission scheme of hydromechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) for tractors. The HMCVT has 4 working ranges in each of the front and rear directions. The speed characteristic and the torque characteristic of HMCVT are theoretically derived. On the basis of HMCVT power flow direction, the Крейнeс formula is used to calculate the transmission efficiency. Then, the image analysis method is used to study the influence of parameters on the transmission efficiency of HMCVT, and the main influencing factors are found. The results of theoretical derivation demonstrate that, by coordinating control of the HST displacement ratio and the engagement conditions of shifting clutches, the stepless speed regulation of HMCVT at the tractor speed of 0–50 km/h can be realized. The proposed HMCVT has the ability to continuously transmit and change torque over all working ranges. The overall transmission efficiency of HMCVT is at a high level. To verify the theoretical derivation, Amesim simulation software is used for the modeling and simulation of HMCVT. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis results. Therefore, the HMCVT proposed in this paper has the advantages of compact structure and high transmission efficiency, and it is suitable for matching tractors.

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Savaresi, S. M., F. Taroni, F. Prevedi, and S. Bittanti. "On the design and tuning of the controllers in a power-split continuously variable transmission for agricultural tractors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360692131.

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In this work, a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in high-power tractors is considered. Power-split CVTs are characterized by the combination of a traditional discontinuous mechanical transmission and a continuously variable transmission. This provides, at the same time, smooth variations of the transmission ratio and high efficiency of the overall transmission system. The CVT considered in this paper is a hydrostatic power-split unit conceived for top-power agricultural tractors. The goal of this paper is to present a case study on the design and tuning of the control system structure for this type of CVT. This structure consists of three main parts: a servo controller on the internal current of the valve of the hydraulic transmission; a servo controller on the hydraulic transmission ratio; a synchronizer which coordinates the hydraulic and the mechanical parts of the CVT. The design, tuning and testing of this set of automatic controllers is presented.

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Kazakova, V. A., V. A. Shinkevich, E. M. Filippova, and I. B. Ivleva. "Order and control of emissions of the fulfilled gases of diesels at the new level." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2010-02.

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The standard of the organization directed on increase of efficiency and quality of monitoring procedure of emissions of harmful substances of the fulfilled gases of diesels of the capital repaired tractors and self-propelled farm vehicles which are in operation, intended for work and working in the conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange is developed — and establishes norms of emissions of harmful substances with the fulfilled gases, means of their definition, at control and bench tests of tractors and the agricultural cars. Technical characteristics of the fuel and engine oil intended for test of the diesel are defined. Modern control devices are optimized and techniques of tool control of the maintenance of CO, CH and NOx in the fulfilled gases of diesels of page are the agricultural cars.

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Kazakova, V. A., V. A. Shinkevich, E. M. Filippova, and I. B. Ivleva. "Order and control of emissions of the fulfilled gases of diesels at the new level." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2107-02.

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The standard of the organization directed on increase of efficiency and quality of monitoring procedure of emissions of harmful substances of the fulfilled gases of diesels of the capital repaired tractors and self-propelled farm vehicles which are in operation, intended for work and working in the conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange is developed and establishes norms of emissions of harmful substances with the fulfilled gases, means of their definition, at control and bench tests of tractors and the agricultural cars. Technical characteristics of the fuel and engine oil intended for test of the diesel are defined. Modern control devices are optimized and techniques of tool control of the maintenance of CO, CH and NOx in the fulfilled gases of diesels of page are the agricultural cars.

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Volod’ko, Oleg, Aleksandr Bychenin, and Oleg Chernikov. "PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR DISCHARGE EFFECT ON GEAR SHIFT WITH HYDRAULIC CONTROL BOX." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/38765.

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The purpose of the study is the reduction of the time of hydraulic couplings slipping by optimization of hydraulic accumulator discharge pressure. When operating tractors with hydroshift transmission at loads close to the nomi-nal values, there is a problem of slipping of the friction coupling during gear shift without interruption in torque de-livery. There is a critical scientific problem of reducing the slipping of hydroshift transmission during the operation of major tractors. Theoretical prerequisites for increasing friction force due to the reduction of slipping via the re-duction of gear shift time and influence of oil pressure in the booster of the released drive are justified. Procedure and results of study of gear shift in transmission of tractor «Kirovets» with the use of both standard and constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulators are given. The process of gear shift was investigated on the new gear-box with standard hydraulic accumulator, on the box with standard hydraulic accumulator worn to the limit provided, and on the new gearbox with constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulator. It has been established that dur-ing operation of a new transmission with standard hydraulic accumulator the 0.2MPa discharge pressure exceeds the optimal value, which leads to an increase in the duration of the shift from 0.915...0.920 s at a pressure of 0.45...0.46 MPa to 1.395...1.04 s at a pressure of 0.65...0.66 MPa. The installation of a constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulator on the new transmission reduces the discharge pressure to 0.48...0.49 MPa, which reduces the gear shift process to 1.034...1.040 s, that is only 4.2...6.6% higher than the optimal value. Recommendations are given to optimize the gear shift process in the transmission of the «Kirovets» tractor.

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Tanelli, Mara, Giulio Panzani, Sergio M. Savaresi, and Carlo Pirola. "Transmission control for power-shift agricultural tractors: Design and end-of-line automatic tuning." Mechatronics 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2010.11.006.

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Sovin, K. G. "Identifying and analyzing John Deere tractor trouble codes based on CAN bus." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2006-06.

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The article discusses modern technologies for diagnosing the technical condition of agricultural automotive equipment on the example of a John Deere tractor. A description of the John Deere tractor and electronic systems is given. Modern tractors are equipped with microprocessor-based control systems with diagnostic capabilities. This makes it possible to timely inform the operator about possible malfunctions of the working systems of the tractor, for example, the engine or brake system. The system of digital communication and control of the electric devices of the vehicle — the CAN interface — allows you to collect data from all devices, exchange information between them, manage them.

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Fedotkin, R. S., V. A. Kryuchkov, A. S. Ovcharenko, and K. A. Bogdanov. "Shock-absorbing and tensioning hydraulic devices with automated control systems for tracked undercarriage systems of tractors." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Mechanical Engineering Industry" 18, no. 04 (2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/engin180402.

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Khalil, Umair, Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, Umer Amir Khan, and Shahid Atiq. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller." April 2020 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.04.

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The demand of energy usage is increasing rapidly and to meet the energy requirements, best possible transmission systems should be adopted to avoid energy losses in our transmission systems. In Pakistan’s WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority) system, the rapid increase in load and less generation capacity has increased load shedding thought the country. The government has planned to increase the generation capacity but the supply companies are facing line load-ability, environmental constraints, power limitations problems etc. Most of the supply companies prefer to extend the existing electrical networks instead of building new network to reduce financial burdens. In this paper the implementation of the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Devices in an electrical network is described. The FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without adding new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. The control of power flow, reactive power compensation and voltage control are the main capabilities of FACTS devices. This paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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Reses, Hannah E., Cedric Brown, Ghinwa Dumyati, Marion Kainer, Daniel Muleta, Nadezhda Duffy, and Isaac See. "Area-Based Socioeconomic Status Measures and Incidence of Community-Associated ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, 2017." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s128—s129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.638.

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Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-Ent) have emerged as a significant antimicrobial-resistance threat in the community in recent years. To better characterize ESBL-Ent in the community, we examined associations between community-associated ESBL-Ent incidence rates and area-based socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics. Methods: Cases were identified through active, laboratory- and population-based surveillance for ESBL-Ent in 3 Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites (New Mexico, New York, and Tennessee) from October through December 2017. We defined a case as first isolation of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or K. oxytoca from a normally sterile body specimen or urine in a surveillance-site resident, with resistance to ≥1 extended-spectrum cephalosporin and nonresistance to all carbapenems tested. Epidemiologic data were abstracted from medical records. Cases were considered community associated if no significant prior healthcare exposures (ie, inpatient healthcare facility stay, surgery, chronic dialysis, indwelling devices, or external catheters) were documented. Case residential addresses were geocoded and linked to US Census Bureau data to obtain census-tract level SES measures. Census tracts were dichotomized by the percentage living in rural areas (0–49% or ≥50%); census tracts were stratified into quartiles for all other characteristics. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each measure, controlling for EIP site, were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: Among 742 ESBL-Ent cases with medical records available, 355 (47.1%) were community associated; of these, 327 case addresses (92.1%) were successfully geocoded. The combined annualized 2017 incidence rate for community-associated ESBL-Ent was 83.2 cases per 100,000 persons. The highest incidence of community-associated ESBL-Ent was seen in census tracts with the lowest median income (IRR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–2.0) and with the highest percentages of persons without health insurance (IRR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), with <12th-grade education (IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1), living in urban areas (IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.2), foreign-born (IRR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–2.0), or speaking limited English (IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0). There were no significant differences across quartiles for population density, income inequality, the percentage of the population living below poverty, or the percentage of households with crowding (>1 occupant or room). Conclusions: Social determinants of health, such as coverage for healthcare, appear to be important contributors to community-associated ESBL-Ent transmission. Higher rates in areas with more foreign-born persons and persons with limited English proficiency suggest a role for recent travel in importation and spread in specific communities. These findings provide additional information about the epidemiology of ESBL-Ent in the community and have potential implications for control efforts.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Khan, M. Y. A., U. Khalil, H. Khan, A. Uddin, and S. Ahmed. "Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3900–3904. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2587.

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The demand for electricity is increasing day by day and we have to produce more electrical energy to meet the load demands. Most of the experts prefer to extend the existing electrical networks over building the new network with greater costs. In this paper, the implementation of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in a simple electrical network is described. FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without laying out new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. Moreover, this paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.

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Haroon, Ayesha, Irfan Shafqat Javed, Huma Rehmat Baig, and Ali Nasir. "Modeling, Control and Placement of FACTS Devices: A Review." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.04.

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Over the past two decades, developing distributed energy sources in electric power grid have created new challenges related to the power quality, voltage adjustment and proficient energy utilization. Power electronic converters are widely used to interface the emerging energy systems (without and with energy storage) and smart buildings with the transmission and distribution systems. Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Voltage-Source Converters (VSC), with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. FACTS devices are of vital significance for tackling the problem of voltage instability which is inevitable and leads to losses in transmission system networks. These devices provide fast voltage regulation, ensure system stability and reactive power compensation. In this regard, modeling, control and appropriate placement of these devices in the transmission lines have been of great importance for researchers of power transmission systems. By using high speed power electronic converters, FACTS perform many times faster than the conventional compensation techniques. FACTS not only provide fast voltage regulation but also damping of active power oscillations and reactive power compensation. Hence, they increase the availability and reliability of the power systems. But, the functioning of a FACTS device extremely reckons upon its parametric quantity, appropriate placement, and sizing in the power network. In this paper, an extensive literature survey is presented to discuss and investigate these parameters of FACTS devices.

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ITOH, Morimichi. "Reflection and Transmission Control Devices of Electromagnetic Wave Using Metamaterials." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.70.560.

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tani, Norishige, and Masahisa Kageyama. "Development of Data Collection System Using Train Control Transmission Devices." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2018.27 (2018): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2018.27.1202.

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Kolosok, Irina, Elena Korkina, and Alexander Tikhonov. "Application of FACTS devices for flexibility control of transmission networks." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902016.

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Maintenance of power balance at each time moment in every node and in the electric power system as a whole is a mandatory condition for supplying the electric power of required quality (frequency, voltage levels). Property of the system to be considered as its ability to control power balance is referred to as flexibility. Technologies for operating conditions control or systems services are an efficient means of regulating the flexibility of HV transmission networks in the cycle of on-line and anti-emergency control. Present-day FACTS of the second generation based on power electronics whose control systems ensure high efficiency of control and stabilization are the most perspective means of flexibility regulating and control. The paper considers potentials of using those devices for regulating the flexibility of 500/200 kV network that is a section of a real EPS. Calculations were performed in the simulation experiment and were based on real telemetry measurements using the State Estimation Software. The results of the studies have showed that substitution of the first-generation FACTS devices by the controlled second-generation FACTS devices and installation of new present-day FACTS allows notable enhancement of HV electric networks controllability and ensures the required level of networks flexibility.

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Brown, J. M. "Transmission electron microscopy of semiconductor devices." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010014498x.

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The search for further miniaturization in the semiconductor industry has resulted in the reduction in the dimensions of devices to a size which can no longer be effectively seen by the conventional methods of light microscopy. The use of both transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the field of silicon device characterization has now become an essential ingredient of the design and manufacture of new technologies. It is often the only way in which a device designer can know for certain whether the manufacturing process is producing the required structure. Cross-sectional TEM has therefore become an integral part of both quality control and development.One of the most important areas which resulted in the increased importance of TEM in the semiconductor device field was the development of sample preparation techniques which enable cross-sections through layers of widely differing compositions that are found in the devices structures.

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Janulevičius, Algirdas, Gediminas Pupinis, Justas Lukštas, Vidas Damanauskas, and Vaclovas Kurkauskas. "DEPENDENCIES OF THE LEAD OF FRONT DRIVING WHEELS ON DIFFERENT TIRE DEFORMATIONS FOR A MFWD TRACTOR." Transport 32, no. 1 (July 13, 2015): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1063084.

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Tractors are the main machines in agricultural production processes. Agricultural tractors commonly employ a four-wheel drive transmission. To reach maximum efficiency in production works, tractors are loaded by as high thrust as possible. The consequence of it, quite often, is that the slippage of driving wheels grows to the limit that is not allowed. To reduce the slippage, various ways are pointed out in terramechanics. One way is to increase the tractor’s weight by adding ballast. The other way is to increase the contact area between tires and the supporting surface. The slippage can be also reduced with traction control and other relevant systems. These methods, which help to reduce slippage, also affect tire deformation. When proportion of tires deformation is not the same as proportion of their sizes, the consequence is change of the lead of front wheels. In this paper analysis is presented, how the lead of front wheels affects the work of MFWD tractor in different conditions. Test results are presented for a MFWD tractor, how the lead of front wheels varies depending on deformation ratios between front and rear tires. For a MFWD tractor, values of deformation ratio between front and rear tires were determined, which ensured effective and which produced unreasonable values of lead of front wheels.

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Paladiychuk, Yuriy, and Inna Telyatnuk. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESTORATION OF SMALL-SIZED ENGINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(112) (March 21, 2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-1-15.

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Mechanization of labor on small farms and individual farms is a very important issue of modern agriculture. The use of small agricultural machinery with a capacity of up to 16 kW is quite relevant today. Small-sized machinery is divided into: small 4-wheeled tractors, 2-wheeled motoblocks, cultivators, machines and equipment. With the help of this technique perform various agricultural and other types of work in crop production, horticulture, gardening on small plots, livestock and more. Despite its rather small size, small equipment also has various mechanisms that fail over time. Most often, the parts of the internal combustion engine fail. In general, the cost of repairing the internal combustion engine during operation may exceed the total cost of the engine by 5-6 times. Thus, there is a question of improving the system of technical service of engines of small tractors. This article considers the issue of increasing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines for small tractors, due to the effective conduct of after-sales or post-repair running-in and improving the maintenance system. Types of small-sized equipment are presented. The analysis of possible loading and speed modes of cold and hot running-in of internal combustion engines and means for their realization is carried out. Technical means for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines are analyzed. The following formulas are given for determination: smoke of exhaust gases at running-in of engines; light transmission of exhaust gases; speed control range; load torque; the content of harmful substances (Q) in the exhaust gases on the j-th components. The necessity of bench running-in of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is substantiated. The functional scheme of the stand for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines is considered. The stages of cold and hot running-in of small-sized engines are described. With the help of the received information, the results are made and the analysis of methods of running-in of internal combustion engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is carried out.

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Nandor, Mark J., Maryellen Heebner, Roger Quinn, Ronald J. Triolo, and Nathaniel S. Makowski. "Transmission Comparison for Cooperative Robotic Applications." Actuators 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090203.

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The development of powered assistive devices that integrate exoskeletal motors and muscle activation for gait restoration benefits from actuators with low backdrive torque. Such an approach enables motors to assist as needed while maximizing the joint torque muscles, contributing to movement, and facilitating ballistic motions instead of overcoming passive dynamics. Two electromechanical actuators were developed to determine the effect of two candidate transmission implementations for an exoskeletal joint. To differentiate the transmission effects, the devices utilized the same motor and similar gearing. One actuator included a commercially available harmonic drive transmission while the other incorporated a custom designed two-stage planetary transmission. Passive resistance and mechanical efficiency were determined based on isometric torque and passive resistance. The planetary-based actuator outperformed the harmonic-based actuator in all tests and would be more suitable for hybrid exoskeletons.

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Sato, Keiichiro, Ryoichi Shinkuma, Takehiro Sato, Eiji Oki, Takanori Iwai, Dai Kanetomo, and Kozo Satoda. "Prioritized Transmission Control of Point Cloud Data Obtained by LIDAR Devices." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 113779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003753.

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Bingchen Wang, T. Fujinaka, S. Omatu, and T. Abe. "Automatic Inspection of Transmission Devices Using Acoustic Data." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2007.895007.

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Benyamina, Maamar, Mohamed Bouhamida, Tayeb Allaoui, Rachid Taleb, and Mouloud Denai. "Robust control of a UPFC system with H~ control technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp533-543.

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<p>FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) technology has now been accepted as a potential solution to the stability problem and load flow. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is considered to be the most powerful and versatile among all FACTS devices. This paper presents the control of a UPFC system using Hinf robust control technique. A simulation study using Matlab/Simulink is presented to the performance of this control strategy and the robustness with respect to variations of the system parameters such as the inductance of the transmission line.</p>

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Kong, Wei, Yun Fei Tao, and Shi Guang Men. "Semi-Active Control for Vibration of Transmission Tower-Line with MRD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.422.

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Magneto-rheological (MR) damper is a semi-active control device, which takes advantage of both the reliability of passive devices and the adaptability of fully active control devices and is widely used on many kinds of machines and civil works. But there are some particular problems when the MRD is used on transmission tower-line system.This article is aimed to introduce the technological means to these problems such as :choose sant colony algorithm as the suitable semi-active control algorithm; consider adopting Self-Powered/Self-Sensing structure to Increased general OS stability;

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Sh. Wais, Dunya, and Wafaa S. Majeed. "PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE BASED ON THYRISTOR-CONTROL SERIES COMPENSATOR." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.25.5.3.

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This research aims to improve the steady-state performance of high-voltage power transmission lines, which is a significant challenge for the power system grid's safe and reliable operation. The research adopted Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System for electronic devices. The flexible alternating current transmission system technology will be used in this specific work as Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators. Thyristor-controlled series compensator devices increase transmission systems' capacity and enhance the voltage profile by regulating transmission line reactance. Gravitational Search Algorithm is a meta-heuristic approach applied to find the optimum size and optimal location of thyristor-controlled series compensators in power systems. The gravitational search algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective and integrated optimum power flow problem in reactive energy management during normal and contingency operations. The results showed reduced voltage deviation, reduced active/reactive power losses, and increased transmission line reserves above thermal limits, in addition to reducing the installed cost and number of thyristor series compensators devices. The simulation part was created with MATLAB programming language and validated with MATPOWER software. Applied to IEEE 30 bus system and 400kV super high voltage grid system.

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Carneal, James P., Marco Giovanardi, Chris R. Fuller, and Dan Palumbo. "Re-Active Passive devices for control of noise transmission through a panel." Journal of Sound and Vibration 309, no. 3-5 (January 2008): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.059.

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Vergaz, R., J. M. S. Pena, and D. Barrios. "Microcontrolled electrooptic system for online light transmission control of novel electrochromic devices." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, no. 8 (2006): 1572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.21725.

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da Silva, Róger W. P., Diego Eckhard, and Ivan Müller. "PI-based and anti-windup transmission power control for WirelessHART field devices." IET Wireless Sensor Systems 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5040.

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Byun, Siwoo. "Sensor Data Transmission Control Using Selective Dynamic Compression for Mobile IoT Devices." International Journal of Control and Automation 12, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33832/ijca.2019.12.8.08.

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Khorsandi, Farzaneh, Paul D. Ayers, Melvin L. Myers, Stephen Oesch, and David J. White. "Engineering Control Technologies to Protect Operators in Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Rollovers." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 27, no. 3 (2021): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14189.

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Highlights Rollovers are the leading cause of injury and fatality in farm all-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents. Engineering technologies to prevent rollovers or protect the operator in ATV crashes were reviewed in this study. The advances in safety for ATVs are correlated with improvements in stability, handling, and crashworthiness. Operator protection devices and crash notification systems can protect the operator in ATV rollover incidents. Abstract . All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are the second most common source of injury, following tractors, in U.S. agriculture. Rollovers are the leading cause of death in farm ATV incidents, constituting about 85% of ATV-related deaths. There is neither a significant practical solution for ATV rollover crashes in the U.S. nor standards and rules for implementing such a solution. Behavior-based control methods have been used for several decades but have reached their limit of success. Hence, engineering controls are needed to significantly decrease the severity of injuries in ATV rollover incidents (as in tractor incidents). In this study, engineering technologies to protect the operator in agricultural ATV crashes were reviewed. The discussion includes improving crash testing and stability ratings, evaluating static stability of ATVs, dynamic handling tests of ATVs, using automatic systems to notify first responders of a crash, and testing and applying operator protection devices. The available standards, rules, and recommendations related to these technologies around the world are also discussed. Keywords: . Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, CPD, Crush protection device, OPD, Quad bike, Safety.

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Srivastava, Manish, Prakhar Singh, Sandeep Verma, and Prince Singh. "Power Flow Control in Transmission Line by Using UPFC." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 4, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2021.670.

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The power transfer capacity of electrical transmission lines is typically constrained by the capacity of large signals. Economic considerations such as the high cost of long lines and the income from the supply of additional power make it possible to pursue both economically and technically viable ways to increase the stability cap intensively. On the other hand, the production of efficient ways to use the full thermal capacity of transmission systems. The power industry has already begun to be affected by fast development in the field of power electronics. This is one direct consequence of the idea of aspects of FACTS, which has become possible due to the progress realized in power electronic devices. In theory, the FACTS devices can provide rapid control of real and Var power through transmission line. The UPFC is a FACTS family member with very appealing characteristics. Many parameters can be independently controlled by this unit. An alternative means of minimizing transmission system oscillations is given by this unit. The choice of input signals and the adopted control strategy for this system in order to dampen power oscillations in an efficient and robust manner are an important issue. In order to achieve the maximum desire effect in solving the first swing stability problem, the UPFC parameters can be regulated. In bulky power transmission systems with long transmission lines, this problem arises. A MATLAB Simulink Model with UPFC to test the efficiency of the electrical transmission system is considered in this paper. The main purpose of this analysis paper is to research different studies performed in the past to minimize UPFC transmission line losses.

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Xia, Yu, Dongye Sun, Datong Qin, and Xingyu Zhou. "Optimisation of the power-cycle hydro-mechanical parameters in a continuously variable transmission designed for agricultural tractors." Biosystems Engineering 193 (May 2020): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.11.009.

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BELYAEV, Andrey N., and Oleg O. PERESLYTSKIKH. "Increasing Stability of Ultra-Long Power Transmissions by FACTS Device Distributed Control." Elektrichestvo 1, no. 1 (2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-1-4-12.

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Steady-state operation modes and stability of a long-distance extra-high voltage transmission line equipped with FACTS devices are studied. The capabilities of increasing the transmitted power limits to a level of more than 30% above the power line surge impedance loading are shown. The effect the coordinated control of FACTS devices has on the power line small-signal stability is analyzed. By incorporating the power transmission full phasor difference feedbacks into the FACTS device control systems it becomes possible to obtain good small-signal stability indices in the entire range of power transmission operation. Tt has been found that a quite moderate response speed is required in measuring, transmitting, and converting such signals. The transient stability of a long-distance extra-high voltage ЛС transmission line under two-phase short-circuit on the power plant buses is calculated, and the need of using additional emergency controls to maintain its stable operation is shown.

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Freyman, V. I. "ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION RELIABILITY BETWEEN CONTROL SYSTEMS DEVICES WHEN ERRORS ARE PACKAGED." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2019-4-21.

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Rol, Pascal, Franz Fankhauser, Werner Barth, Sylwia Fankhauser, Michael Schwager, Peter Niederer, and Nathalie Zuber. "Devices for the Control of Laser Transmission Across the Sclera During Transscleral Photocoagulation." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 23, no. 7 (July 1992): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19920701-06.

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Zhang, Yuming, Bohao Feng, Aleteng Tian, Chengxiao Yu, Zhiruo Liu, and Hongke Zhang. "Dynamic Transmission Rate Control for Multi-Interface IoT Devices: A Stochastic Optimization Framework." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9974261.

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Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have enabled ubiquitous smart devices to sense and process various kinds of data. However, these innovations also raise the concern of efficient data transmission. Tackling the above issue is nontrivial since the resource constraints and environmental randomness in IoT require a lightweight transmission scheme while guaranteeing system stability. In this paper, we formulate the transmission scheduling problem of multi-interface IoT devices as a concave optimization, aimed at accommodating the randomness of the IoT environment within the network capacity. By applying the Lyapunov optimization technique, we divide the stochastic problem into a series of low-complex subproblems, which can be individually solved per time slot, and develop a dynamical control algorithm that does not require a priori knowledge such as link states. Theoretical analysis shows that our algorithms nicely bound the average queue length and are asymptotically optimal. Finally, extensive simulation results verify the theoretical conclusions and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Wang, Hao, Yaxin Ren, and Zhijun Meng. "A Farm Management Information System for Semi-Supervised Path Planning and Autonomous Vehicle Control." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137497.

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This paper presents a farm management information system targeting improvements in the ease of use and sustainability of robot farming systems. The system integrates the functionalities of field survey, path planning, monitoring, and controlling agricultural vehicles in real time. Firstly, a Grabcut-based semi-supervised field registration method is proposed for arable field detection from the orthoimage taken by the drone with an RGB camera. It partitions a complex field into simple geometric entities with simple user interaction. The average Mean Intersection over Union is about 0.95 when the field size ranges from 2.74 ha to 5.06 ha. In addition, a desktop software and a web application are developed as the entity of an FMIS. Compared to existing FMISs, this system provides more advanced features in robot farming, while providing simpler user interaction and better results. It allows clients to invoke web services and receive responses independent of programming language and platforms. Moreover, the system is compatible with other services, users, and devices following the open-source access protocol. We have evaluated the system by controlling 5 robot tractors with a 2 Hz communication frequency. The communication protocols will be publicly available to protentional users.

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Kim, Dae-Young, Zilong Jin, Jungwook Choi, Ben Lee, and Jinsung Cho. "Transmission Power Control with the Guaranteed Communication Reliability in WSN." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/632590.

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In a wireless sensor network, sensor nodes are deployed in an ad hoc fashion and they deliver data packets using multihop transmission. However, transmission failures occur frequently in the multihop transmission over wireless media. Thus, a loss recovery mechanism is required to provide end-to-end reliability. In addition, because the sensor nodes are very small devices and have insufficient resources, energy-efficient data transmission is crucial for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. This paper proposes a transmission power control mechanism for reliable data transmission, which satisfies communication reliability through recovery of lost packets. The proposed method calculates packet reception rate (PRR) of each hop to maintain end-to-end packet delivery rate (PDR), which is determined based on the desired communication reliability. Then, the transmission power is adjusted based on the PRR to reduce energy consumption. The proposed method was evaluated through extensive simulations, and the results show that it leads to more energy-efficient data transmission compared to existing methods.

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Fargnoli, Mario, and Mara Lombardi. "Safety Vision of Agricultural Tractors: An Engineering Perspective Based on Recent Studies (2009–2019)." Safety 6, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6010001.

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The high rate of injuries occurring in agricultural activities is of major concern in most countries, despite the ever-increasing efforts made at normative levels. In particular, the use of agricultural tractors is recognized as the most hazardous activity for farmers due to the large number of fatalities occurring every year. The aim of the present study was to investigate the recent developments in research activities dealing with tractor safety. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out, taking into account engineering journal papers appearing in Scopus in the 2009–2019 period and focusing on tractor safety. As a result, 79 documents were selected and analyzed based on both their type (e.g., conceptual or empirical studies) and specific targets. They were then classified and discussed in accordance with a reference framework representing the main issues of agricultural tractor safety: mechanical hazards, protective devices, command and control, other hazards, ergonomics, information, conformity, and user behavior. The results of this analysis brought to light the need for a more human-centered approach when dealing with tractor safety. In addition, the lack of a reliable framework of technical standards was also stressed. Overall, despite the limitations due to the selection criteria, this study represents the first systematic literature review depicting the status of tractor safety in the engineering field, providing a basis for further research on the emerging themes outlined.

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Yu, Xiu Zhen, Zhong Hu Yuan, Wen Wu Hua, and Oluleke Bamodu. "Automatically Adjusting the Transmission Power of ZigBee End-Devices Based on RSSI." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.423.

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This paper proposes a method that automatically adjusts the transmission power of ZigBee end-devices based on received signal strength indication (RSSI). Under normal communication condition, automatically adjusting the transmission power of ZigBee end-devices by constructing a negative feedback control system, and it uses the controller with relay characteristics, keep it in the smallest state of transmission power, which effectively reduces the energy consumption of the end-devices. Compared with the traditional methods of statically adjusting transmission power, experimental results show that the method proposed is more suitable for network with frequently status changes, making the stability and low-power performance of ZigBee network system significantly improved.

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Alt, V. V., O. F. Savchenko, and O. V. Elkin. "Digital Technology of Assesment the Power Capacity of Tractor Fleet of an Agricultural Enterprise." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-4-25-31.

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One of the important ways to increase the efficiency of using machinery and tractors is to ensure operating control of the power capacity of tractors employed in agricultural enterprises. It is shown that power loss of tractors and their decreased traction properties result in increased fuel consumption by 10-15 percent as well as increased operating costs. (Research purpose) To develop a digital technology of assessing the power capacity of the internal combustion engines (ICE) of the tractor fl eet employed in agricultural enterprise and develop a confi guration of software and hardware based on modern information technologies for data collection and processing. (Materials and methods) The authors used a dynamic method of ICE diagnostics using test cyclic eff ects, modeling measurements of a diagnostic signal against the background of hindrances, and an analysis of measuring information for power calculation purposes. A structural diagram of the diagnostic device performing necessary technological operations has been off ered as a result. The authors also conducted pilot studies of using digital technology for assessing the power capacity of the tractor fl eet employed in an agricultural enterprise. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed an algorithm of ICE power calculation in real time taking into account speed considerations and developed a diagnostic device providing data recording, calculation of ICE speed and power characteristics, as well as information support of the entire production cycle. It has been determined that the increased fuel consumption necessary to maintain the rated value of the tractor engine power during the observation period averaged 6525 kilograms per year, and the fuel cost, taking into account the average wholesale price of diesel fuel, reached 206,837 rubles. The authors have shown a possibility of reducing costs required to maintain the detected power deviations due to excessive fuel consumption through timely repair and adjustment-and-control actions. They have evaluated possible directions of further development of the digital technology and devices. (Conclusions) The authors have proposed a digital technology and a diagnostic device for evaluating the power of internal combustion tractor engines under production conditions. The proposed technology and diagnostics device are recommended for use by agricultural enterprises as an operating control instrument of the power supply of fi eld works to ensure the efficient operation of the tractor fl eet and provide for cost reduction.

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Tan, Joe. "Wave-based control for nonreciprocal acoustics using a planar array of secondary sources." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3110.

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There has been significant interest in the design of nonreciprocal acoustic devices that allow acoustic waves to be perfectly transmitted in one direction, whilst the acoustic waves propagating in the opposite direction are blocked or reflected. Previously proposed nonreciprocal acoustic devices have broken the symmetry of transmission by introducing nonlinearities or resonant cavities. However, these nonreciprocal acoustic devices typically have limitations, such as signal distortions and the bandwidth over which nonreciprocal behaviour can be achieved is narrow. This paper will investigate how active control can be used to minimise the transmitted and reflected waves independently to achieve nonreciprocal sound transmission and absorption using a planar array of secondary sources in a two-dimensional environment. The advantage of the proposed active control system is that it is fully adaptable, which means that the directivity of nonreciprocal behaviour can also be reversed. The performance of the proposed wave-based active control system is investigated for a range of angles of incidence and its performance limitations are explored.

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Baser, Ozgur, and Erhan Ilhan Konukseven. "Kinematic Calibration of PHANTOM Premium 1.5/6DOF Haptic Device." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.205.

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Precise positioning and precise force control requirement in haptic devices necessitate the calibration of the device. Since force control algorithms in haptic interfaces employ Jacobian matrix that includes kinematic model parameters, calibration is not only important for pose accuracy but also for force control. The deviation in kinematic parameters and joint transmission errors are main reasons disturbing the calibration of the haptic devices. Capstan drives and parallelogram mechanisms are preferred to use for actuation in haptic device design. Their transmission errors should be estimated in the calibration. This paper presents a simulation study including the estimation of kinematic parameters and transmission errors due to the capstan drives and parallelogram mechanism for a PHANTOM Premium haptic device.

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Sodhro, Ali, Sandeep Pirbhulal, Arun Sangaiah, Sonia Lohano, Gul Sodhro, and Zongwei Luo. "5G-Based Transmission Power Control Mechanism in Fog Computing for Internet of Things Devices." Sustainability 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10041258.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tractors – Transmission devices – Control'

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